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Semeraro C, Giofrè D, Coppola G, Verri V, Bottalico M, Cassibba R, Taurino A. The role of maladaptive personality traits on psychological stress the mediating effects of COVID-19-related worries and emotional dysregulation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 213:112270. [PMID: 37333976 PMCID: PMC10229649 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysfunctional personality traits, related to psychological maladjustment and psychopathology, can play an important role in a person's ability to cope with major stressful events. Relatively little is known about the specific effect of the emotional component on the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and psychological stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the maladaptive personality traits of psychoticism, detachment, and negative affect, and psychological stress, considering the effects of COVID-19-related worries and emotional dysregulation. An online survey was administered to 1172 adult participants. A series of path analysis models showed that maladaptive personality traits (psychoticism, detachment, and negative affect) are related to psychological stress. COVID-19-related worries and emotional dysregulation partially explained this association. The results suggest that in the early months of 2022, during the reduction of government restrictions, although the world population was no longer in nationwide lockdown, the COVID-19-related emotional component could still explain, at least in part, the association between maladaptive personality traits and psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Semeraro
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - David Giofrè
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Gabrielle Coppola
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Veronica Verri
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Bottalico
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Cassibba
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Taurino
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Mejia CR, Alvarez-Risco A, Chamorro-Espinoza S, Castillón-Lozano JA, Paucar MC, Padilla-F VJ, Armada J, Vilela-Estrada MA, Serna-Alarcón V, Del-Aguila-Arcentales S, Yáñez JA. Crisis due to war: anxiety, depression and stress in the population of 13 Latin American countries. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218298. [PMID: 37547209 PMCID: PMC10398955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability may be at risk in a population that has altered health, according to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3): Health and well-being. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could jeopardize SDG 3, specifically the mental health of the population. The present study sought to determine the association between severe anxiety, depression and stress in population of 13 Latin American countries according to fear about the war conflict. It was a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.97) and fear due to an armed crisis with a questionnaire already validated in Latin America (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.92), which was also adjusted for sex, age, education level and country of residence. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. In the multivariate models, strong associations were found between fear of a possible world-scale armed conflict and having severe or very severe levels of anxiety (aPR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64-2.36; value of p <0.001), depression (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.54-2.36; value of p <0.001) or stress (aPR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.63-2.57; value of p <0.001). Sustainability linked to SDG 3, specifically mental health, is affected by this type of significant events, given the possible global war crisis that could trigger major events, even more so if added to the deterioration already experienced by COVID-19 in the Latin American region, insecurity and constant political uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scherlli Chamorro-Espinoza
- Universidad de Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Andrés Castillón-Lozano
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de investigación Infettare, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL), Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Valeria J. Padilla-F
- Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina, Asunción, Paraguay
- Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho, Tarija, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Hospital José Cayetano Heredia, EsSalud, Piura, Peru
| | | | - Jaime A. Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Leão LL, Valadares WGDA, Silva NSSE, Duarte SFP, de Paula AMB, Haikal DSA, Santos SHS, Soares J, Cruz J, Santos J, Teixeira GL, Monteiro-Junior RS. Increased Depression and the Worsening of Depressive Symptoms Associated with Physical Inactivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Phase Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040340. [PMID: 37102854 PMCID: PMC10135763 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of depression and other mental disorders in the general population, influenced by various individual and contextual factors. Physical activity (PA) interventions offer a promising approach to mitigating the negative mental health effects of the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the association between PA and depressive symptoms. A total of 785 individuals aged 37.4 ± 13.2 years (72.5% female) were evaluated at two different time points: the first between 2018 and 2019, and the second during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Depressive symptoms, demographic, and socioeconomic data were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory to estimate depressive symptoms. Frequency analysis and binary and multinomial regression were employed for data analysis. The prevalence of mild depressive symptoms increased from 23.1% before the pandemic to 35.1% during the pandemic. Our findings reveal that practicing PA before the pandemic was a protective factor (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.30; p < 0.001) against mild depressive symptoms. Additionally, individuals who continued to practice PA during the pandemic had a lower chance of presenting mild (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.30) and moderate/severe (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.27) symptoms. Furthermore, our study shows that PA, which was already a protective factor before the pandemic, remained protective during the pandemic, even for those with the highest levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lemos Leão
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Weslley Gomes de Araújo Valadares
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Extensão em Saúde-INPES, Vitória da Conquista 45020-750, BA, Brazil
| | - Nayra Suze Souza E Silva
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Desirée Sant Ana Haikal
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
- Food Engineering Department, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeane Soares
- Department of Psychology, UniFG University Center, Guanambi 46430-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Joelton Cruz
- Department of Psychology, UniFG University Center, Guanambi 46430-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Jordana Santos
- Department of Psychology, UniFG University Center, Guanambi 46430-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Leal Teixeira
- Language Department, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-000, RJ, Brazil
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Prichard EC, Turner KA. Authoritarianism, psychopathy, and resistance to wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: A partial replication and extension of key findings. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1049660. [PMID: 36743626 PMCID: PMC9889853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1049660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversial recent research suggests Americans with more authoritarian tendencies showed less concern about COVID-19 and self-report less mask wearing. The present study set out to replicate this result with a larger sample. The study also sought to extend the original research by investigating how the Dark Triad traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism are related 1 COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors. Nine-hundred ninety-six United States high school graduates were asked 8 questions about their level of concern about the effects of the virus on health and finances, how frequently they wore masks, which authority figures they trusted, and whether China was responsible for the virus. Correlational and regression analyzes showed that authoritarianism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were all negatively related to self-reported mask wearing. An explanation is offered for an apparent contradiction between the presented results and studies that showed authoritarian support for lockdowns early during the outbreak.
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More Relaxed but Less Helpful: The Relationship between Stress, Age, and Self-Reported Prosocial Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has collectively increased stress levels, with individuals making difficult choices between protecting themselves and helping others. Previous research has shown that people engage in more prosocial, or helping, behavior as they age and in moments of acute stress, but it is unclear how c stress has influenced perceived changes in prosocial behavior in the later stages of the pandemic and whether this varies across the lifespan. (2) Methods: The current study explored how perceived stress, age, and gender impact participants’ reports of perceived changes in their prosocial behavior due to the pandemic using survey questions administered through an online subject pool (n = 201). (3) Results: Hierarchical linear regression results revealed results indicated a significant main effect of perceived stress (β = −0.166, p = 0.021) and age (β = −0.217, p = 0.003) but not gender (β = −0.062, p = 0.370) on perceptions of how one’s prosocial behavior was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Study findings showed that older adults and individuals with higher levels of perceived stress reported a decrease in their prosocial behavior, which supported our hypotheses. These findings provide unique insight into the influence of a long-term health crisis on different groups of people’s participation in prosocial behavior, with implications for mental health and community engagement during a pandemic.
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Coelho E, Amaral AP, Rocha C, Cruz R, Brito-Costa S. Burnout in Pharmacy professionals during COVID-19 outbreak. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022281. [PMID: 36533762 PMCID: PMC9828902 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i6.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact on the economic, social, and public health sectors. The most severe consequences were felt firsthand in health systems and by their professionals, exposing them to greater physical and mental health risks, which need to be properly evaluated. This study aims to assess burnout levels in pharmacy professionals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We collected data (N = 250), from pharmacy professionals (mean age of 34.24 years) (SD=8.99) who worked in different areas during the pandemic period using the Burnout Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). RESULTS There was an increase in weekly working hours after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in the number of rest days per month. Most participants believe that their health status after the start of the pandemic is a little worse (44.4%). According to the CBI, the dimension with the highest average value of the Burnout subscale is related to the customer/user dimension (53.07), followed by the Work (44.60) and Personal (44.22) dimension. CONCLUSIONS The levels of Burnout of pharmacy professionals are more accentuated in the Burnout dimension related to the client/user and the average values of the various Burnout subscales are higher in Pharmacy Technicians than in Pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Coelho
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Complementary Sciences, Portugal
| | - Clara Rocha
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Complementary Sciences, Portugal
| | - Rui Cruz
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Portugal, Centre for Health Studies & Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Brito-Costa
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Institute of Applied Research (i2A), Coimbra, Portugal, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Human Potential Development Center (CDPH), Coimbra, Portugal, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Education School, Research Group in Social and Human Sciences (NICSH), Coimbra, Portugal
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