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Rakhshani T, Shafiei Z, Taravatmanesh S, Kashfi SM, Harsini PA, Kamyab A, Jeihooni AK. Preventive behaviors of respiratory infections in staff of hospital in Kazeroon, Fars, Iran: An application of protection motivation theory. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13791. [PMID: 38888197 PMCID: PMC11184572 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most crucial and essential methods for the prevention and management of respiratory infections is for healthcare professionals to take precautions for their own safety. Using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the current study looked into effective elements influencing the staff at Kazeroon's Valiasr Hospital's preventive actions against respiratory diseases. METHODS One hundred ninety-two male and 108 female employees of the Valiasr Hospital in Kazeroon, Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study, in May 2022. Census data were used as the sample technique. A questionnaire based on the PMT and a questionnaire collecting demographic data served as the data collection method. The study's content validity was confirmed by 10 health education experts, and its reliability was assessed using internal consistency techniques, resulting in a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87.The statistical program SPSS 24 was used to examine the data using the independent t test, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS The average age was 34.11 ± 8.91 for men and 32.77 ± 6.09 for women. The majority of participants were married (73.3%), had university education (76.7%), and earned a monthly income between 10 and 15 million Tomans (75%). Notably, 97.7% of participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 77.7% had undergone training related to respiratory infections. The most common preventive practices included avoiding touching the eyes, noses, or mouths, wearing appropriate protective gear, and maintaining a safe distance of 1-2 m from others. Analysis of PMT constructs showed that participants had a generally positive perception toward preventive behaviors. Perceived vulnerability (P = 0.02), perceived cost (P = 0.03), and motivation (P = 0.001) were the three analyzed components that had the greatest impact on respiratory infection preventative behavior. Logistic regression revealed that perceived susceptibility, cost, and motivation significantly predicted the prevention of respiratory infections, with a predictive power of 45%. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the factors influencing preventive behaviors among hospital staff, from respiratory infections like COVID-19. CONCLUSION According to the findings, the personnel at Kazeroon's Valiasr Hospital wore gloves, goggles, and other appropriate personal protective equipment. The individuals' decision to wear personal protection equipment was also impacted by perceived susceptibility, cost, and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zohreh Shafiei
- Department of Public Health, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Samira Taravatmanesh
- Department of Public Health, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of HealthKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | | | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Liu J, Liang Y, Su Y, Lilenga HS, Zhai J. Reasons, experiences and expectations of women with delayed medical care for ectopic pregnancies in Chinese urban edges: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076035. [PMID: 38553063 PMCID: PMC10982742 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of patients with ectopic pregnancies with delayed medical care, with the goals to promote timely access to care, reduce subsequent physical and psychological impacts, and provide recommendations for improved management of ectopic pregnancies. DESIGN A qualitative study. SETTING A 1000-bed urban edge hospital located in the suburban area of Guangzhou, China, between December 2022 and February 2023. PARTICIPANTS 21 patients with delays in seeking medical care for ectopic pregnancy. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted to understand the experience and expectations of these women. RESULTS Three main themes emerged, including delaying medical care, physical and psychological experiences, and expectations of their healthcare providers. Each of these main themes had several subthemes. The central theme of reasons for delaying medical care had five subthemes, including lack of knowledge on early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, family dynamics and circumstances, traditional fertility ideology and intentions, avoidance of medical treatment behaviour, and medical delays. The main theme of physical and psychological experiences had two subthemes, including learnings from the experiences and negative impacts of the experiences. The main theme of expectations of their healthcare providers included three subthemes that were reducing the length of outpatient examinations and waiting times, increasing public understanding of early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy and increasing male awareness of safe contraceptive methods. CONCLUSIONS A lack of knowledge about the early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy was the main reason for delays in seeking medical care and had a dual impact on patients' physical and mental health, affecting their recovery and future healthcare. A collective effort from patients, families, healthcare providers and medical institutions is required for better medical education, family support, specialised professional training and local fertility policy to decrease the incidence of delayed medical care and achieve satisfactory pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulian Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dongguan Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhi Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rakhshani T, Nikeghbal S, Kashfi SM, Kamyab A, Harsini PA, Jeihooni AK. Effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on preventive behaviors of respiratory infections among hospital staff. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326760. [PMID: 38249399 PMCID: PMC10796505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital staff represent a vulnerable population for respiratory diseases. Consequently, the implementation of training programs becomes imperative as a preventive measure against such infections in these populations. The current study was conducted to examine the impact of an educational intervention based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on preventive behaviors for respiratory infections among a group of hospital staff. Methods This experimental study involves a sample of 150 hospital staff from Gachsaran City, Iran, in 2021-2022. The sampling technique involved the utilization of a random assignment approach to allocate individuals into two distinct groups: the experimental group, consisting of 75 participants, and the control group, also including 75 individuals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire designed in accordance with the PMT. This questionnaire was administered to both the experimental and control groups prior to the intervention as well as two months following the intervention. The intervention program consisted of a total of five sessions, each lasting for 60 min, for the experimental group. These sessions were conducted on a weekly basis over a period of two and a half months. Specifically, there were two sessions held every month and one session held every two weeks. Following the completion of the program, the data was entered into SPSS-24 statistical software for analysis using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results The results indicated that prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived vulnerability constructs (p = 0.25), perceived severity (p = 0.63), perceived response (p = 0.32), and perceived reward (p = 0.11). Besides, there was no considerable distinction in perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.84), perceived response cost (p = 0.33), fear (p = 0.45), behavior motivation (p = 0.51), knowledge (p = 92), or vaccination behavior (p = 0.12) before the educational intervention. However, a significant change was noticed in each of the mentioned variables between the two groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the implementation of an educational intervention grounded in the PMT yields positive outcomes in enhancing preventative behaviors pertaining to respiratory infections. Hence, it is recommended to utilize an intervention grounded in this theory among hospital staff as a viable approach to mitigating the occurrence of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepahdar Nikeghbal
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Kamyab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yu Y, Ling RHY, Ng JHY, Lau MMC, Ip TKM, Lau JTF. Illness representation of COVID-19 affected public's support and anticipated panic regarding the living with the virus policy: a cross-sectional study in a Chinese general population. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158096. [PMID: 37727606 PMCID: PMC10506401 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a global trend for countries to adopt the Living with the Virus (LWV) policy regarding COVID-19. Little is known about the public's supportiveness and emotional responses (e.g., anticipated panic) related to this policy. Such responses may be associated with illness representations of COVID-19 (i.e., how people think and feel about COVID-19). This novel topic was investigated in this study to facilitate policy-making and health communication. Methods A random, population-based telephone survey interviewed 500 adults aged ≥18 of the Hong Kong general adult population from March to April 2022. Results The prevalence of the public's support and anticipated panic regarding the LWV policy, which were negatively correlated with each other, was 39.6 and 24.2%, respectively. The illness representation constructs of consequences, timeline, identity, illness concern, and emotional representations were negatively associated with supportiveness and positively associated with anticipated panic regarding the LWV policy. Illness coherence was significantly associated with policy support but not with anticipated panic. The associations between personal control/treatment control and supportiveness/anticipated panic were statistically non-significant. Moderation analyses showed that the above significant associations were invariant between those with and without previous COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Policymakers need to be sensitized about the public's supportive/unsupportive attitude and potential worry (panic) when adopting the LWV policy. Such attitudes/emotional responses may be affected by people's illness representations of COVID-19. In general, those who found COVID-19 involving a milder nature and less negative emotions would be more supportive and anticipated less panic under the LWV policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rachel Hau Yin Ling
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Hoi-Yuk Ng
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mason M. C. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsun Kwan Mary Ip
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Unger JB, Herzig E, Rodriguez V, Soto D, Lee R, Sood N. Application of Protection Motivation Theory to COVID-19 vaccination among a predominantly Hispanic sample of adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102245. [PMID: 37252067 PMCID: PMC10197527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy and widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine uptake has been relatively low in U.S. Hispanic communities, especially among adolescents. This study examined vaccination status among 444 high school students in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods of Los Angeles County, California in May-June 2022 (mean age = 15.74 years, 55% female, 93% Hispanic). Guided by Protection Motivation Theory, we hypothesized that the odds of being fully vaccinated (at least 2 vaccine doses) would be significantly associated with higher levels of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. 79% of the respondents were fully vaccinated. Binary logistic regression analyses found that response efficacy (belief in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine) and self-efficacy to get vaccinated were significantly associated with the likelihood of being fully vaccinated. Perceived severity of COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 were not associated with the likelihood of being fully vaccinated. Results indicate that health communications are needed to convince Hispanic adolescents and their parents that the COVID-19 vaccine is effective, and outreach efforts are needed to remove barriers to vaccination among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
| | - Emma Herzig
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
| | - Viviana Rodriguez
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel Soto
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan Lee
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
| | - Neeraj Sood
- University of Southern California Sol Price School of Public Policy, United States
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