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O'Brien MW, Bray NW, Quirion I, Ahmadi S, Faivre P, Gallant F, Gagnon C, Sénéchal M, Dupuy O, Bélanger M, Mekari S. Association between changes in habitual stepping activity and cognition in older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8003. [PMID: 38580840 PMCID: PMC10997579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with declines in cognitive function. Although physical activity is thought to protect against this decline, it is unclear how a short-term uptake in daily steps or a decline in day-to-day step variability may contribute to cognition among older adults. We tested associations between changes in step counts, day-to-day step variability and executive cognitive functions among older adults taking part in a physical activity intervention. Thirty-seven older adults (33 females; 71.4 ± 6.3 years) completed a 10-week personalized physical activity intervention. Participants wore a Fitbit to measure daily step counts throughout the study. They also completed a computerized Stroop task before and after the intervention. Average step counts and step count variability via average-real-variability (ARV) were determined. Compared to pre-intervention, step counts increased (p < 0.001) and step variability decreased post-intervention (p = 0.04). Models describing the changes in step counts and ARV over the 10-weeks were cubic (both, p < 0.04). Reaction times during the simple (p = 0.002) and switching (p = 0.04) conditions were faster post-intervention. Change in step variability was positively associated with the change in reaction time for the switching condition (β = 0.029, p = 0.002). On average, a reduction in day-to-day step variability was associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Nick W Bray
- Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Isadora Quirion
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Shirko Ahmadi
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada.
| | - Pierre Faivre
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Laboratory MOVE (EA 6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Francois Gallant
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, Canada
| | - Caroline Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratory MOVE (EA 6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Said Mekari
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
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Izudi J, Cattamanchi A, Castelnuovo B, King R. Barriers and facilitators to viral load suppression among people living with HIV following intensive adherence counseling in Kampala, Uganda: A qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 2024; 343:116595. [PMID: 38242033 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We explored the barriers and facilitators to viral load (VL) suppression after three or more intensive adherence counseling (IAC) sessions among adolescents and adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on a first-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) with initially unsuppressed VL in Kampala, Uganda. Using a qualitative study, data were collected through in-depth interviews with people living with HIV (PLHIV) with unsuppressed and suppressed VL and caregivers of younger adolescents living with HIV after three or more IAC sessions. We held key informant interviews with health workers involved in IAC implementation, namely ART/HIV focal persons, IAC Team Leaders, and linkage facilitators. Guided by the socioecological model, we performed content analysis and reported the findings using themes along with the participants' quotes. We studied 24 participants and found the individual-level barriers as forgetting to take HIV medications, high pill burden, medication side effects, a lack of food, and HIV-related psychological distress. Undisclosed HIV status and broken families were the barriers at the interpersonal level. Institutional-level barriers included insufficient HIV and ART counseling. Stigma was considered a community-level barrier while nonadherence to HIV treatment guidelines was a policy-level barrier. Facilitators included personal reminders, knowing the importance of taking treatment, and the ability to deal with side effects of HIV medications at the personal level; treatment support, peer support clubs, and incentivized treatment at the interpersonal level; and mental health support club and explaining during counseling that HIV is a chronic disease at the institutional level. We found an unsuppressed VL after completing IAC was due to several barriers at the personal, interpersonal, health systems, community, and policy levels. Achieving ≥95% VL suppression necessitates tackling the barriers to VL suppression and scaling up the facilitators by HIV control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Izudi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda; University of California Global Health Institute (UCGHI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Castelnuovo
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
| | - Rachel King
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rana K, Poudel P, Chimoriya R. Qualitative Methodology in Translational Health Research: Current Practices and Future Directions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2665. [PMID: 37830701 PMCID: PMC10572630 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational health research is an interdisciplinary field aimed at bridging the gap between basic science studies, preventative studies, and clinical practice to improve health-related outcomes. Qualitative research methods provide a unique perspective on the emotional, social, cultural, and contextual factors that influence health and healthcare and thus are recognized as valuable tools for translational health research. This approach can be embedded within a mixed method design which complements the quantitative findings. This methodological paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts and methodologies used in qualitative research, emphasizing their utilization and significance in translational health research. Several approaches to qualitative research methodology are discussed in this review, including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, and action research. Theoretical frameworks such as the social-ecological model, intersectionality, and participatory action research are also examined to provide a structure for understanding and interpreting complex health issues. This methodological paper also reviews commonly used sampling techniques such as purposive, snowball, convenience, theoretical, and maximum variation sampling, along with data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, observation, document analysis, and participatory methods. Moreover, data analysis techniques such as thematic analysis, grounded theory, content analysis, narrative analysis, and reflexive analysis, are discussed in the context of translational health. Overall, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities of using qualitative methods in current practice, while also discussing future directions and providing valuable guidance and insights to researchers interested in conducting qualitative research in translational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Rana
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW 2144, Australia;
| | - Prakash Poudel
- Office of Research and Education, Canberra Health Services, ACT Government, Garran, ACT 2606, Australia;
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW 2144, Australia;
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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Myroniuk TW, Schatz E, Teti M, Hermsen JM. Undergraduate Vaccine Hesitancy and the Influence of "Home" Locales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14370. [PMID: 36361261 PMCID: PMC9653726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed deeply rooted resistance to public health. This has important consequences for SARS-CoV-2 variant spread and for future uptake of influenza and other vaccines. We examine these phenomena in Missouri, where its low vaccination rates, high levels of uninsured residents, predominance of conservative values, and stark rural-urban divides are intricately connected to public health resistance. The Socio-Ecological model guides our approach. METHODS We use data from the Fall 2020 Midwestern University (MWU-a pseudonym) Study of Seropositivity and Risk for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 which are harmonized with the American Community Survey, Missouri County-Level Study, and the USDA Rural-Urban Continuum Codes to estimate multi-level regression models on the relationship between undergraduate students' "home" locales and their own COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. FINDINGS The availability of primary care physicians, the prevalence of influenza vaccinations, and location type at the county level, as well as the percentage of residents without health insurance at the zip code level differentially predict COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS There is a link between county-level health and geographic characteristics, and individuals'-who were influenced by those counties because that is where their parents live-hesitancy towards vaccines. Identifying feasible, precise, local solutions to reducing vaccine hesitancy could take place if community members and other stakeholders would be open to changes in local-level health policy or practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michelle Teti
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan M. Hermsen
- Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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