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Chang WL, Chen YE, Tseng HT, Cheng CF, Wu JH, Hou YC. Gut Microbiota in Patients with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1105. [PMID: 38674796 PMCID: PMC11053759 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is characterized by abnormal glycemic levels below the type 2 diabetes threshold, and effective control of blood glucose may prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes. While the association between the gut microbiota, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in diabetic patients has been established in previous studies, there is a lack of research regarding these aspects in prediabetic patients in Asia. We aim to investigate the composition of the gut microbiota in prediabetic patients and their differences compared to healthy individuals. In total, 57 prediabetic patients and 60 healthy adult individuals aged 18 to 65 years old were included in this study. Biochemistry data, fecal samples, and 3 days of food records were collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and next-generation sequencing via 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid metagenomic sequencing were conducted to analyze the relationship between the gut microbiota and dietary habits. Prediabetic patients showed a lower microbial diversity than healthy individuals, with 9 bacterial genera being less abundant and 14 others more abundant. Prediabetic patients who consumed a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet exhibited higher diversity in the gut microbiota than those who consumed a high-carbohydrate diet. A higher abundance of Coprococcus was observed in the prediabetic patients on an LC diet. Compared to healthy individuals, the gut microbiota of prediabetic patients was significantly different, and adopting an LC diet with high dietary fiber consumption may positively impact the gut microbiota. Future studies should aim to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and glycemic control in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (Y.-E.C.); (H.-T.T.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Yu-En Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (Y.-E.C.); (H.-T.T.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Hsiang-Tung Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (Y.-E.C.); (H.-T.T.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hui Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (Y.-E.C.); (H.-T.T.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Hou
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (Y.-E.C.); (H.-T.T.); (J.-H.W.)
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Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Linsalata M, Riezzo G, Orlando A, D’Attoma B, Prospero L, Ignazzi A, Losurdo G, Di Leo A, Giannelli G, Russo F. The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Overweight Patients with IBS with Diarrhea Undergoing a Long-Term Low Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharide and Polyol Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4683. [PMID: 37960336 PMCID: PMC10648034 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have been suggested as significant factors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) development. However, the relationship between overweight/obesity and IBS is unclear. It is known that a modified intestinal barrier, especially the permeability of the small intestine (s-IP), can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both obesity and IBS. Moreover, dietary interventions are essential for treating both pathologies. We evaluated the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the urinary and circulating markers of GI barrier function and integrity, the markers of intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation, in 40 IBS patients with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) (32 females and 8 males; mean age = 43.5 ± 1.4 years), categorized using their Body Mass Index levels as normal (NW) and overweight (OW). Evaluations were performed before and after 12 weeks of a Low FODMAP Diet (LFD). At the baseline, OW patients showed a significantly higher s-IP than NW. After an LFD, a significant improvement of s-IP in OW patients occurred, along with a significant decrease in markers of epithelial integrity and bacterial translocation. Our findings highlight the close relationship between overweight and the intestinal barrier and support their involvement in IBS-D pathophysiology. Furthermore, the positive role of an LFD in managing overweight IBS-D was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Linsalata
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Riezzo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Benedetta D’Attoma
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Laura Prospero
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonia Ignazzi
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Metropolitan, Italy; (M.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (B.D.); (L.P.); (A.I.)
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