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Lindo J, Nogueira C, Soares R, Cunha N, Almeida MR, Rodrigues L, Coelho P, Rodrigues F, Cunha RA, Gonçalves T. Genetic Polymorphisms of P2RX7 but Not of ADORA2A Are Associated with the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6135. [PMID: 38892324 PMCID: PMC11173306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from mild to severe presentations, according to the intensity of the aberrant inflammatory response. Purinergic receptors dually control the inflammatory response: while adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are anti-inflammatory, ATP P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) exert pro-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess if there were differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of a loss-of-function SNP of ADORA2A (rs2298383) and a gain-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of P2RX7 (rs208294) in the severity of SARS-CoV-2-associated infection. Fifty-five individuals were enrolled and categorized according to the severity of the infection. Endpoint genotyping was performed in blood cells to screen for both SNPs. The TT genotype (vs. CT + CC) and the T allele (vs. C allele) of P2RX7 SNP were found to be associated with more severe forms of COVID-19, whereas the association between ADORA2A SNP and the severity of infection was not significantly different. The T allele of P2RX7 SNP was more frequent in people with more than one comorbidity and with cardiovascular conditions and was associated with colorectal cancer. Our findings suggest a more prominent role of P2X7R rather than of A2AR polymorphisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection, although larger population-based studies should be performed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lindo
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Nogueira
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Soares
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Cunha
- Clinical Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coelho
- IPCB/ESALD—Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias, SPRINT-IPCB—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Francisco Rodrigues
- IPCB/ESALD—Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias, SPRINT-IPCB—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.); (C.N.); (R.S.); (M.R.A.)
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Hammond TC, Purbhoo MA, Kadel S, Ritz J, Nikiforow S, Daley H, Shaw K, van Besien K, Gomez-Arteaga A, Stevens D, Ortuzar W, Michelet X, Smith R, Moskowitz D, Masakayan R, Yigit B, Boi S, Soh KT, Chamberland J, Song X, Qin Y, Mishchenko I, Kirby M, Nasonenko V, Buffa A, Buell JS, Chand D, van Dijk M, Stebbing J, Exley MA. A phase 1/2 clinical trial of invariant natural killer T cell therapy in moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:974. [PMID: 38321023 PMCID: PMC10847411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a unique T cell population, lend themselves for use as adoptive therapy due to diverse roles in orchestrating immune responses. Originally developed for use in cancer, agenT-797 is a donor-unrestricted allogeneic ex vivo expanded iNKT cell therapy. We conducted an open-label study in virally induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 virus (trial registration NCT04582201). Here we show that agenT-797 rescues exhausted T cells and rapidly activates both innate and adaptive immunity. In 21 ventilated patients including 5 individuals receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), there are no dose-limiting toxicities. We observe an anti-inflammatory systemic cytokine response and infused iNKT cells are persistent during follow-up, inducing only transient donor-specific antibodies. Clinical signals of associated survival and prevention of secondary infections are evident. Cellular therapy using off-the-shelf iNKT cells is safe, can be rapidly scaled and is associated with an anti-inflammatory response. The safety and therapeutic potential of iNKT cells across diseases including infections and cancer, warrants randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese C Hammond
- Pulmonary Critical Care Sleep Medicine, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jerome Ritz
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kit Shaw
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Qin
- MiNK Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
- Agenus, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexa Buffa
- MiNK Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
- Agenus, Lexington, MA, USA
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Kauffenstein G, Martin L, Le Saux O. The Purinergic Nature of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38392293 PMCID: PMC10886499 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disease characterized by elastic fiber calcification in the eyes, the skin and the cardiovascular system. PXE results from mutations in ABCC6 that encodes an ABC transporter primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. It took nearly 15 years after identifying the gene to better understand the etiology of PXE. ABCC6 function facilitates the efflux of ATP, which is sequentially hydrolyzed by the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73 into pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine, both inhibitors of calcification. PXE, together with General Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI caused by ENPP1 mutations) as well as Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA caused by NT5E/CD73 mutations), forms a disease continuum with overlapping phenotypes and shares steps of the same molecular pathway. The explanation of these phenotypes place ABCC6 as an upstream regulator of a purinergic pathway (ABCC6 → ENPP1 → CD73 → TNAP) that notably inhibits mineralization by maintaining a physiological Pi/PPi ratio in connective tissues. Based on a review of the literature and our recent experimental data, we suggest that PXE (and GACI/CALJA) be considered as an authentic "purinergic disease". In this article, we recapitulate the pathobiology of PXE and review molecular and physiological data showing that, beyond PPi deficiency and ectopic calcification, PXE is associated with wide and complex alterations of purinergic systems. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects regarding purinergic signaling and other aspects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kauffenstein
- UMR INSERM 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Nord Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- MITOVASC-UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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