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Debreceni IL, Barr JY, Upton EM, Chen YG, Lieberman SM. IL-27 promotes pathogenic T cells in a mouse model of Sjögren's disease. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110260. [PMID: 38788885 PMCID: PMC11203157 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by focal lymphocytic inflammation in lacrimal and salivary glands. We recently identified IL-27 as a requisite signal for the spontaneous SjD-like manifestations in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Here, we define T cell-intrinsic effects of IL-27 in lacrimal gland disease in NOD mice. IL-27 receptor was required by both CD4 T effector (Te) cells and CD8 T cells to mediate focal inflammation. Intrinsic IL-27 signaling was associated with PD-1 and ICOS expressing T follicular helper (Tfh)-like CD4 Te cells within lacrimal glands, including subsets defined by CD73 or CD39 expression. CD8 T cells capable of IL-27 signaling also expressed PD-1 with subsets expressing ICOS and CD73 demonstrating a T follicular cytotoxic (Tfc)-like cell phenotype and others expressing a CD39hi exhausted-like phenotype. These findings suggest IL-27 is a key early signal driving a follicular-type response in lacrimal gland inflammation in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Debreceni
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jennifer Y Barr
- Scientific Editing and Research Communication Core, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road, 130 Medicine Administration Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ellen M Upton
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road, 200 Medicine Administration Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Shankar J, Thakur R, Clemons KV, Stevens DA. Interplay of Cytokines and Chemokines in Aspergillosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:251. [PMID: 38667922 PMCID: PMC11051073 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by various species of Aspergillus, most notably A. fumigatus. This fungus causes a spectrum of diseases, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive aspergillosis. The clinical manifestations and severity of aspergillosis can vary depending on individual immune status and the specific species of Aspergillus involved. The recognition of Aspergillus involves pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as glucan, galactomannan, mannose, and conidial surface proteins. These are recognized by the pathogen recognition receptors present on immune cells such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-1,2,3,4, etc.) and C-type lectins (Dectin-1 and Dectin-2). We discuss the roles of cytokines and pathogen recognition in aspergillosis from both the perspective of human and experimental infection. Several cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the immune response to Aspergillus infection, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCR4, CCR17, and other interleukins. For example, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by Th2 and Th9 cell-type immunity and involves interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10. In contrast, it has been observed that invasive aspergillosis involves Th1 and Th17 cell-type immunity via IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17. These cytokines activate various immune cells and stimulate the production of other immune molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species, which aid in the clearance of the fungal pathogen. Moreover, they help to initiate and coordinate the immune response, recruit immune cells to the site of infection, and promote clearance of the fungus. Insight into the host response from both human and animal studies may aid in understanding the immune response in aspergillosis, possibly leading to harnessing the power of cytokines or cytokine (receptor) antagonists and transforming them into precise immunotherapeutic strategies. This could advance personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jata Shankar
- Genomic Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Thakur
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Karl V. Clemons
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (K.V.C.); (D.A.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A. Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (K.V.C.); (D.A.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Nguyen HTT, Magez S, Radwanska M. From helping to regulating – A transcriptomic profile of Ifng+ Il10+ Il21+ Cd4+ Th1 cells indicates their role in regulating inflammation during experimental trypanosomosis. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1127022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionTrypanosoma evansi parasite infections cause a chronic animal wasting disease called Surra, and cases of atypical Human Trypanosomosis (aHT). In experimental models, T. evansi infections are hallmarked by the early onset of excessive inflammation. Therefore, balancing the production of inflammatory cytokines by anti-inflammatory IL-10 is crucial for prolonged survival.MethodsTo improve the understanding of trypanosomosis induced immunopathology, we used scRNA-seq data from an experimental chronic T. evansi infection mouse model, resembling natural infection in terms of disease characteristics. Results and discussionFor the first time, obtained results allowed to assess the transcriptomic profile and heterogeneity of splenic CD4+ T cell subsets, during a trypanosome infection. Here, the predominant subpopulation of T cells was represented by Tbx21(T-bet)+Ccr5+ Id2+ type 1 helper T cells (Th1), followed by Icos+ Cxcr5+Follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and very minor fraction of Il2ra(CD25)+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Interestingly, the profile of Th1 cells shows that besides Ifng, these cells express high levels of Il10 and Il21, coding for anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. This coincides with the elevated expression of key genes involved in IL-10 and IL-21 secretion pathway such as Stat1 and Stat3, as well as the transcriptional factors Prdm1 (Blimp 1), and Maf (c-Maf). In contrast, there is virtually no IL-10 transcription detected in the Treg population. Finally, differential gene expression and gene ontology analysis of infection-induced Ifng+ Il10+ Il21+ Th1 cells highlights their suppressive function on T cell activation, differentiation and INF-γ production itself. This indicates that during trypanosome infections, the Ifng+ Il10+ Il21+ Th1 cells, rather than Tregs, assume an immune regulatory role that is needed for dampening inflammation.
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Stijlemans B, Schoovaerts M, De Baetselier P, Magez S, De Trez C. The Role of MIF and IL-10 as Molecular Yin-Yang in the Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment During Infections: African Trypanosome Infections as a Paradigm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865395. [PMID: 35464430 PMCID: PMC9022210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes are extracellular flagellated unicellular protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse flies and causing Sleeping Sickness disease in humans and Nagana disease in cattle and other livestock. These diseases are usually characterized by the development of a fatal chronic inflammatory disease if left untreated. During African trypanosome infection and many other infectious diseases, the immune response is mediating a see-saw balance between effective/protective immunity and excessive infection-induced inflammation that can cause collateral tissue damage. African trypanosomes are known to trigger a strong type I pro-inflammatory response, which contributes to peak parasitaemia control, but this can culminate into the development of immunopathologies, such as anaemia and liver injury, if not tightly controlled. In this context, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokines may operate as a molecular “Yin-Yang” in the modulation of the host immune microenvironment during African trypanosome infection, and possibly other infectious diseases. MIF is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine and critical upstream mediator of immune and inflammatory responses, associated with exaggerated inflammation and immunopathology. For example, it plays a crucial role in the pro-inflammatory response against African trypanosomes and other pathogens, thereby promoting the development of immunopathologies. On the other hand, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, acting as a master regulator of inflammation during both African trypanosomiasis and other diseases. IL-10 is crucial to counteract the strong MIF-induced pro-inflammatory response, leading to pathology control. Hence, novel strategies capable of blocking MIF and/or promoting IL-10 receptor signaling pathways, could potentially be used as therapy to counteract immunopathology development during African trypanosome infection, as well as during other infectious conditions. Together, this review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the opposite immunopathological molecular “Yin-Yang” switch roles of MIF and IL-10 in the modulation of the host immune microenvironment during infection, and more particularly during African trypanosomiasis as a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Schoovaerts
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Nanoparticles Carrying NF-κB p65-Specific siRNA Alleviate Colitis in Mice by Attenuating NF-κB-Related Protein Expression and Pro-Inflammatory Cellular Mediator Secretion. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020419. [PMID: 35214151 PMCID: PMC8874689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and which is typically recurrent, and NF-κB proteins are important players during disease progression. Here, we assess the impact of silica-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles carrying encapsulated siRNA against NF-κB p65 on a murine model of colitis. To this end, nanoparticles were injected intravenously (2.0 mg siRNA/kg body weight) into mice after colitis induction with dextran sulfate sodium or healthy ones. The disease activity index, the histopathological impact on the colon, the protein expression of several NF-κB-associated players, and the mediator secretion (colon tissue, blood) were analyzed. We found that the nanoparticles effectively alleviated the clinical and histopathological features of colitis. They further suppressed the expression of NF-κB proteins (e.g., p65, p50, p52, p100, etc.) in the colon. They finally attenuated the local (colon) or systemic (blood) pro-inflammatory mediator secretion (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-β, MCP-1, interleukins, etc.) as well as the leucocyte load of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. The nanoparticle biodistribution in diseased animals was seen to pinpoint organs containing lymphoid entities (appendix, intestine, lung, etc.). Taken together, the nanoparticle-related silencing of p65 NF-κB protein expression could well be used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the future.
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CXCR6+CD4+ T cells promote mortality during Trypanosoma brucei infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009968. [PMID: 34614031 PMCID: PMC8523071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver macrophages internalize circulating bloodborne parasites. It remains poorly understood how this process affects the fate of the macrophages and T cell responses in the liver. Here, we report that infection by Trypanosoma brucei induced depletion of macrophages in the liver, leading to the repopulation of CXCL16-secreting intrahepatic macrophages, associated with substantial accumulation of CXCR6+CD4+ T cells in the liver. Interestingly, disruption of CXCR6 signaling did not affect control of the parasitemia, but significantly enhanced the survival of infected mice, associated with reduced inflammation and liver injury. Infected CXCR6 deficient mice displayed a reduced accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the liver; adoptive transfer experiments suggested that the reduction of CD4+ T cells in the liver was attributed to a cell intrinsic property of CXCR6 deficient CD4+ T cells. Importantly, infected CXCR6 deficient mice receiving wild-type CD4+ T cells survived significantly shorter than those receiving CXCR6 deficient CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that CXCR6+CD4+ T cells promote the mortality. We conclude that infection of T. brucei leads to depletion and repopulation of liver macrophages, associated with a substantial influx of CXCR6+CD4+ T cells that mediates mortality.
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Min B, Kim D, Feige MJ. IL-30 † (IL-27A): a familiar stranger in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:823-834. [PMID: 34045653 PMCID: PMC8178335 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, interleukin (IL)-27 has received much attention because of its highly divergent, sometimes even opposing, functions in immunity. IL-30, the p28 subunit that forms IL-27 together with Ebi3 and is also known as IL-27p28 or IL-27A, has been considered a surrogate to represent IL-27. However, it was later discovered that IL-30 can form complexes with other protein subunits, potentially leading to overlapping or discrete functions. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that IL-30 itself may perform immunomodulatory functions independent of Ebi3 or other binding partners and that IL-30 production is strongly associated with certain cancers in humans. In this review, we will discuss the biology of IL-30 and other IL-30-associated cytokines and their functions in inflammation and cancer. Studying the ways that interleukin IL-30 regulates immune responses may provide novel insights into tumor development and inflammatory conditions. Interleukins are a diverse family of proteins involved in intercellular communications and immunity, where they can exert divergent and even opposing functions. Booki Min at Northwestern University in Chicago, USA, and co-workers reviewed the current understanding of IL-30 and its links to inflammation and cancer. IL-30 forms the IL-27 complex with the Ebi3 protein and was thought to be a surrogate for IL-27 in terms of activity. However, recent insights suggest that IL-30 may perform discrete immune modulation functions. Elevated IL-30 secretion is linked to prostate and breast cancer development. Extensive research is needed into the formation of IL-30, its associated protein interactions, and the development of a suitable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) have profound impacts on host immune responses during infections. The mechanisms regulating Tip-DC development remain largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of infection with African trypanosomes, we show that a deficiency in interleukin-27 receptor (IL-27R) signaling results in escalated intrahepatic accumulation of Ly6C-positive (Ly6C+) monocytes and their differentiation into Tip-DCs. Blocking Tip-DC development significantly ameliorates liver injury and increases the survival of infected IL-27R−/− mice. Mechanistically, Ly6C+ monocyte differentiation into pathogenic Tip-DCs in infected IL-27R−/− mice is driven by a CD4+ T cell-interferon gamma (IFN-γ) axis via cell-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling. In parallel, hyperactive IFN-γ signaling induces cell death of Ly6C-negative (Ly6C−) monocytes in a cell-intrinsic manner, which in turn aggravates the development of pathogenic Tip-DCs due to the loss of the negative regulation of Ly6C− monocytes on Ly6C+ monocyte differentiation into Tip-DCs. Thus, IL-27 inhibits the dual-track exacerbation of Tip-DC development induced by a CD4+ T cell–IFN-γ axis. We conclude that IL-27 negatively regulates Tip-DC development by preventing the cell-intrinsic effects of IFN-γ and that the regulation involves CD4+ T cells and Ly6C− monocytes. Targeting IL-27 signaling may manipulate Tip-DC development for therapeutic intervention.
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Pánisová E, Unger WWJ, Berger C, Meyer Sauteur PM. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Specific IFN-γ-Producing CD4 + Effector-Memory T Cells Correlate with Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:143-146. [PMID: 33385212 PMCID: PMC7780996 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0237le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pánisová
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Winterford C, Frame TCM, Ng SS, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Bukali L, Wang Y, Uzonna JE, Kuns RD, Zhang P, Kabat A, Klein Geltink RI, Pearce EJ, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-27 signalling regulates glycolysis in Th1 cells to limit immunopathology during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008994. [PMID: 33049000 PMCID: PMC7584222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is critical for controlling pathogens, but also responsible for symptoms of infectious diseases. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation and can limit development of IFNγ-producing Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells. IL-27 is thought to do this by stimulating IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells, but the underlying mechanisms of these immunoregulatory pathways are not clear. Here we studied the role of IL-27 signalling in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. We found IL-27 signalling was critical for the development of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells during infection. Furthermore, in the absence of IL-27 signalling, there was improved control of parasite growth, but accelerated splenic pathology characterised by the loss of marginal zone macrophages. Critically, we discovered that IL-27 signalling limited glycolysis in Th1 cells during infection that in turn attenuated inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolysis in the absence of IL-27 signalling restricted tissue pathology without compromising anti-parasitic immunity. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which IL-27 mediates immune regulation during disease by regulating cellular metabolism. Infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum are associated with an inflammatory response generated by the host. This is needed to control parasite growth, but also contributes to the symptoms of disease. Consequently, these inflammatory responses need to be tightly regulated. Although we now recognize many of the cells and molecules involved in controlling inflammation, the underlying mechanisms mediating immune regulation are unclear. CD4+ T cells are critical drivers of inflammatory responses during infections and as they progress from a naïve to activated state, the metabolic pathways they use have to change to meet the new energy demands required to proliferate and produce effector molecules. In this study, we discovered that the inflammatory CD4+ T cells needed to control L. donovani infection switch from relying on mitochondrial oxidative pathways to glycolysis. Critically, we found the cytokine IL-27 limited glycolysis in these inflammatory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of IL-27 signaling pathways, these cells expanded more rapidly to better control parasite growth, but also caused increased tissue damage in the spleen. However, pharmacological dampening of glycolysis in inflammatory CD4+ T cells in L. donovani-infected mice lacking IL-27 signaling pathways limited tissue damage without affecting their improved anti-parasitic activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the pathogenic activity of inflammatory CD4+ T cells can be modulated by altering their cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Montes de Oca
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabian de Labastida Rivera
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teija C. M. Frame
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna S. Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Amante
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea L. Edwards
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luzia Bukali
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Kabat
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J. Pearce
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Franco J, Scarone L, Comini MA. Novel distamycin analogues that block the cell cycle of African trypanosomes with high selectivity and potency. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112043. [PMID: 31978782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamides-based compounds related to the Streptomycetal distamycin and netropsin are potent cytostatic molecules that bind to AT-rich regions of the minor groove of the DNA, hence interfering with DNA replication and transcription. Recently, derivatives belonging to this scaffold have been reported to halt the proliferation of deadly African trypanosomes by different and unrelated mechanisms. Here we describe the synthesis and preliminary characterization of the anti-trypanosomal mode of action of new potent and selective distamycin analogues. Two tri-heterocyclic derivatives containing a central N-methyl pyrrole ring (16 and 17) displayed high activity (EC50 < 20 nM) and selectivity (selectivity index >5000 with respect to mammalian macrophages) against the infective form of T. brucei. Both compounds caused cell cycle arrest by blocking the replication of the mitochondrial DNA but without affecting its integrity. This mode of action clearly differs from that reported for classical minor groove binder (MGB) drugs, which induce the degradation of the mitochondrial DNA. In line with this, in vitro assays suggest that 16 and 17 have a comparatively lower affinity for different template DNAs than the MGB drug diminazene. Therapeutic efficacy studies and stability assays suggest that the pharmacological properties of the hits should be optimized. The compounds can be rated as excellent scaffolds for the design of highly potent and selective anti-T. brucei agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Franco
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Scarone
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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De Trez C, Stijlemans B, Bockstal V, Cnops J, Korf H, Van Snick J, Caljon G, Muraille E, Humphreys IR, Boon L, Van Ginderachter JA, Magez S. A Critical Blimp-1-Dependent IL-10 Regulatory Pathway in T Cells Protects From a Lethal Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Storm During Acute Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1085. [PMID: 32655552 PMCID: PMC7325990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many infectious diseases, the immune response operates as a double-edged sword. While required for protective immunity, infection-induced inflammation can be detrimental if it is not properly controlled, causing collateral body damage and potentially leading to death. It is in this context that the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is required to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune response that hallmarks trypanosomosis. Effective control of this infection requires not just the action of antibodies specific for the parasite's variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat antigens, but also a pro-inflammatory immune response mediated mainly by IFNγ, TNF, and NO. However, strict control of inflammation is mandatory, as IL-10-deficient mice succumb from an unrestrained cytokine storm within 10 days of a Trypanosome brucei infection. The relevant cellular source of IL-10 and the associated molecular mechanisms implicated in its trypanosomosis associated production are poorly understood. Using an IL-10 reporter mouse strain (Vert-X), we demonstrate here that NK cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells as well as B cells and plasma cells constitute potential cellular sources of IL-10 within the spleen and liver during acute infection. The IL-10 wave follows peak pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which accompanied the control of peak parasitemia. Similar results were observed following conventional experimental needle infection and physiological infections via T. brucei-infected tsetse flies. Our results show that conditional T cell-specific ablation of the IL-10 regulating Prdm1 gene (encoding for the Blimp-1 transcription factor), leads to an uncontrolled trypanosome-induced pro-inflammatory syndrome like the one observed in infected IL-10-deficient mice. This result indicates that the biological role of IL-10-derived from non-T cells, including NK cells, is of minor importance when considering host survival. The cytokine IL-27 that is also considered to be an IL-10 regulator, did not affect IL-10 production during infection. Together, these data suggest that T. brucei activates a Blimp-1-dependent IL-10 regulatory pathway in T cells that acts as a critical anti-inflammatory rheostat, mandatory for host survival during the acute phase of parasitemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Cnops
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Van Snick
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent University Global, Incheon, South Korea
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13
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CRIg plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites by interacting with complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24214-24220. [PMID: 31723045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913443116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CRIg was originally identified as a macrophage receptor for binding complement C3b/iC3b in vitro, recent studies reveal that CRIg functions as a pattern recognition receptor in vivo for Kupffer cells (KCs) to directly bind bacterial pathogens in a complement-independent manner. This raises the critical question of whether CRIg captures circulating pathogens through interactions with complement in vivo under flow conditions. Furthermore, the role of CRIg during parasitic infection is unknown. Taking advantage of intravital microscopy and using African trypanosomes as a model, we studied the role of CRIg in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites. Complement C3 is required for intravascular clearance of African trypanosomes by KCs, preventing the early mortality of infected mice. Moreover, antibodies are essential for complement-mediated capture of circulating parasites by KCs. Interestingly, reduced antibody production was observed in the absence of complement C3 during infection. We further demonstrate that CRIg but not CR3 is critically involved in KC-mediated capture of circulating parasites, accounting for parasitemia control and host survival. Of note, CRIg cannot directly catch circulating parasites and antibody-induced complement activation is indispensable for CRIg-mediated parasite capture. Thus, we provide evidence that CRIg, by interacting with complement in vivo, plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites. Targeting CRIg may be considered as a therapeutic strategy.
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14
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Dauchy FA, Contin-Bordes C, Nzoumbou-Boko R, Bonhivers M, Landrein N, Robinson DR, Rambert J, Courtois P, Daulouède S, Vincendeau P. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense excreted/secreted factors impair lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation and activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12632. [PMID: 31099071 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, an extracellular eukaryotic flagellate parasite, is the main etiological agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role at the interface between innate and adaptive immune response and are implicated during HAT. In this study, we investigated the effects of T gambiense and its excreted/secreted factors (ESF) on the phenotype of human monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). Mo-DCs were cultured with trypanosomes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ESF derived from T gambiense bloodstream strain Biyamina (MHOM/SD/82), or both ESF and LPS. Importantly, ESF reduced the expression of the maturation markers HLA-DR and CD83, as well as the secretion of IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-10, in LPS-stimulated Mo-DCs. During mixed-leucocyte reactions, LPS- plus ESF-exposed DCs induced a non-significant decrease in the IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio of CD4 + T-cell cytokines. Based on the results presented here, we raise the hypothesis that T gambiense has developed an immune escape strategy through the secretion of paracrine mediators in order to limit maturation and activation of human DCs. The identification of the factor(s) in the T gambiense ESF and of the DCs signalling pathway(s) involved may be important in the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric-Antoine Dauchy
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR INTERTRYP 177, IRD-CIRAD-University of Bordeaux, Montpellier, France.,Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunogénétique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR 5164 CIRID, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romaric Nzoumbou-Boko
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR INTERTRYP 177, IRD-CIRAD-University of Bordeaux, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Derrick R Robinson
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Rambert
- Aquiderm, INSERM U 1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierrette Courtois
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR INTERTRYP 177, IRD-CIRAD-University of Bordeaux, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Daulouède
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR INTERTRYP 177, IRD-CIRAD-University of Bordeaux, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Vincendeau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR INTERTRYP 177, IRD-CIRAD-University of Bordeaux, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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15
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He W, Wang B, Mu K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Yao W, Li S, Zhang JA. Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL27 gene with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:173-181. [PMID: 30694795 PMCID: PMC6391901 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating data have shown that interleukin-27 (IL27) polymorphisms are linked to the susceptibility of some autoimmune diseases. We assessed whether there was an association between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL27 gene and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Methods Three SNPs (rs153109, rs17855750 and rs181206) of IL27 gene were genotyped by Hi-SNP high-throughput genotyping in 843 patients with AITDs (516 Graves' disease (GD) and 327 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)) and 677 healthy controls in Chinese Han population. Results Compared with controls, rs153109 displayed significant associations with GD in allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively) and rs17855750 displayed significant associations with HT in allele frequencies (P = 0.02), whereas no differences in genotype or allele frequencies were found between AITD patients and controls at rs181206. Conclusion Our study, for the first time, showed the significant association of the IL27 gene SNPs with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Li or J Zhang: or
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Li or J Zhang: or
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16
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Kanai K, Park AM, Watanabe A, Arikawa T, Yasui T, Yoshida H, Tsunoda I, Yoshie O. Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68 Induces Severe Lung Inflammation in IL-27-Deficient Mice with Liver Dysfunction Preventable by Oral Neomycin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2703-2713. [PMID: 29500240 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is an immunoregulatory cytokine consisting of p28 and EBI3. Its receptor also has two subunits, WSX1 and gp130. Although IL-27 promotes Th1 differentiation in naive T cells, it also induces IL-10 expression in effector Th1 cells to curtail excessive immune responses. By using p28-deficient mice and WSX1-deficient mice (collectively called IL-27-deficient mice), we examined the role of IL-27 in primary infection by murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), a murine model of EBV. Upon airway infection with MHV68, IL-27-deficient mice had more aggravated lung inflammation than wild-type mice, although MHV68 infection per se was better controlled in IL-27-deficient mice. Although epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were primarily infected by MHV68, interstitial macrophages and dendritic cells were the major producers of IL-27. The lung inflammation of IL-27-deficient mice was characterized by more IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and fewer IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells than that of wild-type mice. An infectious mononucleosis-like disease was also aggravated in IL-27-deficient mice, with prominent splenomegaly and severe hepatitis. Infiltration of IFN-γ-producing effector cells and upregulation of the CXCR3 ligand chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were noted in the liver of MHV68-infected mice. Oral neomycin effectively ameliorated hepatitis, with decreased production of these chemokines in the liver, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in liver inflammation through upregulation of these chemokines. Collectively, IL-27 is essential for the generation of IL-10-producing effector cells in primary infection by MHV68. Our findings may also provide new insight into the mechanism of hepatitis associated with infectious mononucleosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kanai
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arikawa
- Division of General Education, Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan; and
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; .,The Health and Kampo Institute, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3205, Japan
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17
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Stijlemans B, De Baetselier P, Magez S, Van Ginderachter JA, De Trez C. African Trypanosomiasis-Associated Anemia: The Contribution of the Interplay between Parasites and the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:218. [PMID: 29497418 PMCID: PMC5818406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomosis (AT) is a chronically debilitating parasitic disease of medical and economic importance for the development of sub-Saharan Africa. The trypanosomes that cause this disease are extracellular protozoan parasites that have developed efficient immune escape mechanisms to manipulate the entire host immune response to allow parasite survival and transmission. During the early stage of infection, a profound pro-inflammatory type 1 activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), involving classically activated macrophages (i.e., M1), is required for initial parasite control. Yet, the persistence of this M1-type MPS activation in trypanosusceptible animals causes immunopathology with anemia as the most prominent pathological feature. By contrast, in trypanotolerant animals, there is an induction of IL-10 that promotes the induction of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) and collectively dampens tissue damage. A comparative gene expression analysis between M1 and M2 cells identified galectin-3 (Gal-3) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as novel M1-promoting factors, possibly acting synergistically and in concert with TNF-α during anemia development. While Gal-3 enhances erythrophagocytosis, MIF promotes both myeloid cell recruitment and iron retention within the MPS, thereby depriving iron for erythropoiesis. Hence, the enhanced erythrophagocytosis and suppressed erythropoiesis lead to anemia. Moreover, a thorough investigation using MIF-deficient mice revealed that the underlying mechanisms in AT-associated anemia development in trypanosusceptible and tolerant animals are quite distinct. In trypanosusceptible animals, anemia resembles anemia of inflammation, while in trypanotolerant animals’ hemodilution, mainly caused by hepatosplenomegaly, is an additional factor contributing to anemia. In this review, we give an overview of how trypanosome- and host-derived factors can contribute to trypanosomosis-associated anemia development with a focus on the MPS system. Finally, we will discuss potential intervention strategies to alleviate AT-associated anemia that might also have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Jin F, Lin H, Gao S, Hu Z, Zuo S, Sun L, Jin C, Li W, Yang Y. The anti-tumor role of NK cells in vivo pre-activated and re-stimulated by interleukins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79187-79202. [PMID: 27816971 PMCID: PMC5346707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer cells (NK cells) were traditionally classified as members of the innate immune system, NK cells have recently been found also to be an important player in the adaptive immune systems. In this context, in vitro activation of NK cells by cytokines leads to generation of NK cells with memory-like properties characterized by increased interferon-γ (IFNγ) production. However, it remains to be defined whether these memory-like NK cells exist in vivo after cytokine activation. Furthermore, it is also unclear whether such memory-like NK cells induced in vivo by cytokines could have effective anti-leukemia response. To address these issues, we used an in vivo pre-activation and re-stimulation system that was able to produce NK cells with increased IFNγ secretion. It was found that after in vivo pre-activation and re-stimulation with interleukins (ILs), NK cells retained a state to produce increased amount of IFNγ. Of note, whereas this intrinsic capacity of enhanced IFNγ production after in vivo IL pre-activation and re-stimulation could be transferred to the next generation of NK cells and was associated with prolonged survival of the mice with acute lymphoid leukemia. Moreover, the anti-leukemia activity of these memory-like NK cells was associated with IFNγ production and up-regulation of NK cells activation receptor-NK Group 2 member D (NKG2D). Together, these findings argue strongly that in vivo IL pre-activation and re-stimulation is capable to induce memory-like NK cells as observed previously in vitro, which are effective against acute lymphoblastic leukemia, likely via NKG2D-dependent IFNγ production, in intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Zuo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Medina TS, Oliveira GG, Silva MC, David BA, Silva GK, Fonseca DM, Sesti-Costa R, Frade AF, Baron MA, Ianni B, Pereira AC, Chevillard C, Cunha-Neto E, Marin-Neto JA, Silva JS. Ebi3 Prevents Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Myocarditis by Dampening IFN-γ-Driven Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1213. [PMID: 29033934 PMCID: PMC5626942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of anti-inflammatory mediators can reveal important targetable molecules capable of counterbalancing Trypanosoma cruzi-induced myocarditis. Composed of Ebi3 and IL-27p28 subunits, IL-27 is produced by myeloid cells and is able to suppress inflammation by inducing IL-10-producing Tr1 cells, thus emerging as a potential candidate to ameliorate cardiac inflammation induced by T. cruzi. Although IL-27 has been extensively characterized as a suppressive cytokine that prevents liver immunopathogenesis after T. cruzi infection, the mechanisms underlying its effects on T. cruzi-induced myocarditis remain largely unknown. Here, wild-type (WT) and Ebi3-deficient animals were intraperitoneally infected with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi Y strain and used to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory properties of Ebi3 during T. cruzi infection. The survival rates of mice were daily recorded, the frequency of inflammatory cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA, real-time PCR and PCR array. We reported that T. cruzi-induced myocarditis was prevented by Ebi3. Stressors mainly recognized by TLR2 and TLR4 receptors on myeloid cells were essential to trigger IL-27p28 production. In addition, Ebi3 regulated IFN-γ-mediated myocarditis by promoting an anti-inflammatory environment through IL-10, which was most likely produced by Tr1 cells rather than classical regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the heart tissue of T. cruzi-infected animals. Furthermore, in vivo IFN-γ blockade ameliorated the host survival without compromising the parasite control in the bloodstream. In humans, IL-27p28 was correlated with cardiac protection during Chagas disease. Patients with mild clinical forms of the disease produced high levels of IL-27p28, whereas lower levels were found in those with severe forms. In addition, polymorphic sites at Ebi3 gene were associated with severe cardiomyopathy in patients with Chagas disease. Collectively, we describe a novel regulatory mechanism where Ebi3 dampens cardiac inflammation by modulating the overproduction of IFN-γ, the bona fide culprit of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva Medina
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cláudia Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Araújo David
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Grace Kelly Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Farage Frade
- Medical School/Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioengineering, Brazil University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Ianni
- Medical School/Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Medical School/Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Santana Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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20
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Wu H, Liu G, Shi M. Interferon Gamma in African Trypanosome Infections: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1105. [PMID: 28936213 PMCID: PMC5594077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes cause fatal infections in both humans and livestock. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an essential role in resistance to African trypanosomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that IFN-γ, when excessively synthesized, also induces immunopathology, enhancing susceptibility to the infection. Thus, production of IFN-γ must be tightly regulated during infections with African trypanosomes to ensure that a robust immune response is elicited without tissue destruction. Early studies have shown that secretion of IFN-γ is downregulated by interleukin 10 (IL-10). More recently, IL-27 has been identified as a negative regulator of IFN-γ production during African trypanosome infections. In this review, we discuss the current state of our understanding of the role of IFN-γ in African trypanosome infections. We have focused on the cellular source of IFN-γ, its beneficial and detrimental effects, and mechanisms involved in regulation of its production, highlighting some recent advances and offering some perspectives on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gongguan Liu
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Muallem G, Wagage S, Sun Y, DeLong JH, Valenzuela A, Christian DA, Harms Pritchard G, Fang Q, Buza EL, Jain D, Elloso MM, López CB, Hunter CA. IL-27 Limits Type 2 Immunopathology Following Parainfluenza Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006173. [PMID: 28129374 PMCID: PMC5305264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory paramyxoviruses are important causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly of infants and the elderly. In humans, a T helper (Th)2-biased immune response to these infections is associated with increased disease severity; however, little is known about the endogenous regulators of these responses that may be manipulated to ameliorate pathology. IL-27, a cytokine that regulates Th2 responses, is produced in the lungs during parainfluenza infection, but its role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To determine whether IL-27 limits the development of pathogenic Th2 responses during paramyxovirus infection, IL-27-deficient or control mice were infected with the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai virus (SeV). Infected IL-27-deficient mice experienced increased weight loss, more severe lung lesions, and decreased survival compared to controls. IL-27 deficiency led to increased pulmonary eosinophils, alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs), and the emergence of Th2 responses. In control mice, IL-27 induced a population of IFN-γ+/IL-10+ CD4+ T cells that was replaced by IFN-γ+/IL-17+ and IFN-γ+/IL-13+ CD4+ T cells in IL-27-deficient mice. CD4+ T cell depletion in IL-27-deficient mice attenuated weight loss and decreased AAMs. Elimination of STAT6 signaling in IL-27-deficient mice reduced Th2 responses and decreased disease severity. These data indicate that endogenous IL-27 limits pathology during parainfluenza virus infection by regulating the quality of CD4+ T cell responses and therefore may have therapeutic potential in paramyxovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Muallem
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sagie Wagage
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. DeLong
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alex Valenzuela
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David A. Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Buza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deepika Jain
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Merle Elloso
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Immunology Discovery Research, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carolina B. López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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22
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Roberts LM, Crane DD, Wehrly TD, Fletcher JR, Jones BD, Bosio CM. Inclusion of Epitopes That Expand High-Avidity CD4+ T Cells Transforms Subprotective Vaccines to Efficacious Immunogens against Virulent Francisella tularensis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2738-47. [PMID: 27543611 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cells are the immunological cornerstone in host defense against infections by intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as virulent Francisella tularensis spp. tularensis (Ftt). The general paucity of novel vaccines for Ftt during the past 60 y can, in part, be attributed to the poor understanding of immune parameters required to survive infection. Thus, we developed a strategy utilizing classical immunological tools to elucidate requirements for effective adaptive immune responses directed against Ftt. Following generation of various Francisella strains expressing well-characterized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes, we found that survival correlated with persistence of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. Function of these cells was confirmed in their ability to more effectively control Ftt replication in vitro. The importance of understanding the Ag-specific response was underscored by our observation that inclusion of an epitope that elicits high-avidity CD4(+) T cells converted a poorly protective vaccine to one that engenders 100% protection. Taken together, these data suggest that improved efficacy of current tularemia vaccine platforms will require targeting appropriate Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell responses and that elucidation of Francisella epitopes that elicit high-avidity CD4(+) T cell responses, specifically in humans, will be required for successful vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Roberts
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
| | - Deborah D Crane
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
| | - Tara D Wehrly
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
| | - Joshua R Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Bradley D Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
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23
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Ilboudo H, Jamonneau V, Koffi M, Kaboré J, Amoussa R, Holzmuller P, Garcia A, Bucheton B, Courtin D. Trypanosome-induced Interferon-γ production in whole blood stimulation assays is associated with latent Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:436-440. [PMID: 26993030 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is highly dependent on the ability to detect and treat infected individuals. However, a number of individuals exposed to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are able to control infection to undetectable levels in blood. They are long-term potential reservoirs and thus a threat for control strategies. Cytokine responses in whole blood stimulation assays were quantified in individuals with contrasting HAT status. Trypanosome-induced IFN-γ production was only observed in "trypanotolerant" subjects suspected of harboring latent infections. This result contributes new insights into the immune responses associated with infection control and opens novel diagnosis perspectives regarding HAT elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Ilboudo
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zones Subhumides (CIRDES), Unité de recherches sur les bases biologiques de la lutte intégrée, 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Vincent Jamonneau
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zones Subhumides (CIRDES), Unité de recherches sur les bases biologiques de la lutte intégrée, 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, UMR Intertryp, IRD-CIRAD 177, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathurin Koffi
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, UFR Environnement, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jacques Kaboré
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zones Subhumides (CIRDES), Unité de recherches sur les bases biologiques de la lutte intégrée, 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Roukiyath Amoussa
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- Centre de coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR CIRAD-INRA Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes CMAEE, TA A-15/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - André Garcia
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Bruno Bucheton
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, UMR Intertryp, IRD-CIRAD 177, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine, BP 851, Conakry, Guinéa
| | - David Courtin
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Benin; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France; Communauté d'universités et d'établissements (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France.
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