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Wei X, Dai J, Liu R, Wan G, Gu S, Du Y, Yang X, Wang L, Huang Y, Chen P, Chen X, Yang X, Wang Q. S/O/W Emulsion with CAPE Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating NF-κB Pathway, Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1145. [PMID: 38674835 PMCID: PMC11054280 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted much attention worldwide due to its prevalence. In this study, the effect of a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion with Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, a polyphenolic active ingredient in propolis) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. The results showed that CAPE-emulsion could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis through its effects on colon length, reduction in the disease activity index (DAI), and colon histopathology. The results of ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that CAPE-emulsion can down-regulate the excessive inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and inhibit the expression of p65 in the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CAPE-emulsion promoted short-chain fatty acids production in DSS-induced colitis mice. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that CAPE-emulsion regulates the imbalance of gut microbiota by enhancing diversity, restoring the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Odoribacter), and suppressing the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Afipia, Sphingomonas). The results of fecal metabolome showed that CAPE-emulsion restored the DSS-induced metabolic disorder by affecting metabolic pathways related to inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. These research results provide a scientific basis for the use of CPAE-emulsions for the development of functional foods for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wei
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China;
| | - Ruijia Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Guochao Wan
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Shiyu Gu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuwei Du
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Yukun Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Pengfei Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (X.W.); (R.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (Y.D.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.H.); (P.C.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Yang XT, Niu PQ, Li XF, Sun MM, Wei W, Chen YQ, Zheng JY. Differential cytokine expression in gastric tissues highlights helicobacter pylori's role in gastritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7683. [PMID: 38561502 PMCID: PMC10984929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Tang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Qin Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Zhong H, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Isolation and pan-genome analysis of Enterobacter hormaechei Z129, a ureolytic bacterium, from the rumen of dairy cow. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169973. [PMID: 37089548 PMCID: PMC10117971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUrea is an important non-protein nitrogen source for ruminants. In the rumen, ureolytic bacteria play critical roles in urea-nitrogen metabolism, however, a few ureolytic strains have been isolated and genomically sequenced. The purpose of this study was to isolate a novel ureolytic bacterial strain from cattle rumen and characterize its genome and function.MethodsThe ureolytic bacterium was isolated using an anaerobic medium with urea and phenol red as a screening indicator from the rumen fluid of dairy cattle. The genome of isolates was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and comparatively analyzed. The pan-genome analysis was performed using IPGA and the biochemical activity was also analyzed by test kits.ResultsA gram-positive ureolytic strain was isolated. Its genome had a length of 4.52 Mbp and predicted genes of 4223. The 16S rRNA gene and genome GTDB-Tk taxonomic annotation showed that it was a novel strain of Enterobacter hormaechei, and it was named E. hormaechei Z129. The pan-genome analysis showed that Z129 had the highest identity to E. hormaechei ATCC 49162 with a genome average nucleotide identity of 98.69% and possessed 238 unique genes. Strain Z129 was the first E. hormaechei strain isolated from the rumen as we know. The functional annotation of the Z129 genome showed genes related to urea metabolism, including urea transport (urtA-urtE), nickel ion transport (ureJ, tonB, nixA, exbB, exbD, and rcnA), urease activation (ureA-ureG) and ammonia assimilation (gdhA, glnA, glnB, glnE, glnL, glsA, gltB, and gltD) were present. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were also present, including starch hydrolysis (amyE), cellulose hydrolysis (celB and bglX), xylose transport (xylF-xylH) and glycolysis (pgi, pgk, fbaA, eno, pfkA, gap, pyk, gpmL). Biochemical activity analysis showed that Z129 was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and pyrrolidone arylaminase, and had the ability to use D-ribose, L-arabinose, and D-lactose. Urea-nitrogen hydrolysis rate of Z129 reached 55.37% at 48 h of incubation.DiscussionTherefore, the isolated novel ureolytic strain E. hormaechei Z129 had diverse nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and is a preferred model to study the urea hydrolysis mechanism in the rumen.
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Torres J, Touati E. Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:53-81. [PMID: 38231215 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells' health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. H. pylori induces oxidative stress and chronic gastric inflammation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pro-apoptotic cytotoxin VacA interacts with the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to increased permeability and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, H. pylori induces mitochondrial DNA damage and mutation, concomitant with the development of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia as observed in infected mice. In this chapter, we present diverse aspects of the role of mitochondria as energy supplier and signaling hubs and their adaptation to stress conditions. The metabolic activity of mitochondria is directly linked to biosynthetic pathways. While H. pylori virulence factors and derived metabolites are essential for gastric colonization and niche adaptation, they may also impact mitochondrial function and metabolism, and may have consequences in gastric pathogenesis. Importantly, during its long way to reach the gastric epithelium, H. pylori faces various cellular types along the gastric mucosa. We discuss how the mitochondrial response of these different cells is affected by H. pylori and impacts the colonization and bacterium niche adaptation and point to areas that remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatriıa, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Eliette Touati
- Equipe DMic01-Infection, Génotoxicité et Cancer, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as a Novel Strategy for Extrusion of Antimicrobial Bismuth Drug in Helicobacter pylori. mBio 2022; 13:e0163322. [PMID: 36154274 PMCID: PMC9601102 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01633-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health. A combination of antibiotics with metals is among the proposed alternative treatments. Only one such combination is successfully used in clinics; it associates antibiotics with the metal bismuth to treat infections by Helicobacter pylori. This bacterial pathogen colonizes the human stomach and is associated with gastric cancer, killing 800,000 individuals yearly. The effect of bismuth in H. pylori treatment is not well understood in particular for sublethal doses such as those measured in the plasma of treated patients. We addressed this question and observed that bismuth induces the formation of homogeneously sized membrane vesicles (MVs) with unique protein cargo content enriched in bismuth-binding proteins, as shown by quantitative proteomics. Purified MVs of bismuth-exposed bacteria were strongly enriched in bismuth as measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), unlike bacterial cells from which they originate. Thus, our results revealed a novel function of MVs in bismuth detoxification, where secreted MVs act as tool to discard bismuth from the bacteria. Bismuth also induces the formation of intracellular polyphosphate granules that are associated with changes in nucleoid structure. Nucleoid compaction in response to bismuth was established by immunogold electron microscopy and refined by the first chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis of H. pylori. Our results reveal that even low doses of bismuth induce profound changes in H. pylori physiology and highlight a novel defense mechanism that involves MV-mediated bismuth extrusion from the bacteria and a probable local DNA protective response where polyphosphate granules are associated with nucleoid compaction.
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Prada CF, Casadiego MA, Freire CCM. Evolution of Helicobacter spp: variability of virulence factors and their relationship to pathogenicity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13120. [PMID: 36061745 PMCID: PMC9435515 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virulence factors (VF) are bacteria-associated molecules that assist to colonize the host at the cellular level. Bacterial virulence is highly dynamic and specific pathogens have a broad array of VFs. The genus Helicobacter is gram-negative, microaerobic, flagellated, and mucus-inhabiting bacteria associated with gastrointestinal inflammation. To investigate about their pathogenicity, several Helicobacter species have been characterized and sequenced. Since the variability and possible origin of VF in the genus are not clear, our goal was to perform a comparative analysis of Helicobacter species in order to investigate VF variability and their evolutionary origin. Methods The complete genomes of 22 Helicobacter species available in NCBI were analyzed, using computational tools. We identifyed gain and loss events in VF genes, which were categorized in seven functional groups to determine their most parsimonious evolutionary origin. After verifying the annotation of all VF genes, a phylogeny from conserved VF organized by Helicobacter species according to gastric Helicobacter species (GHS) or enterohepatic (EHS) classification was obtained. Results Gain and loss analysis of VF orthologous in Helicobacter ssp revealed the most possible evolutionary origin for each gene set. Microevolutionary events in urease and flagella genes were detected during the evolution of the genus. Our results pointed that acquisition of ureases and adherence genes and deletion of cytotoxins in some lineages, as well as variation in VF genes copy number, would be related to host adaptation during evolution of the Helicobacter genus. Our findings provided new insights about the genetic differences between GHS and EHS and their relationship with pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. Prada
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Maria A. Casadiego
- Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Caio CM Freire
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fischer F, Vorontsov E, Turlin E, Malosse C, Garcia C, Tabb DL, Chamot-Rooke J, Percudani R, Vinella D, De Reuse H. Expansion of nickel binding- and histidine-rich proteins during gastric adaptation of Helicobacter species. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6674772. [PMID: 36002005 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition and homeostasis of essential metals during host colonization by bacterial pathogens rely on metal uptake, trafficking and storage proteins. How these factors have evolved within bacterial pathogens is poorly defined. Urease, a nickel enzyme, is essential for Helicobacter pylori to colonize the acidic stomach. Our previous data suggest that acquisition of nickel transporters and a Histidine-rich protein (HRP) involved in nickel storage in H. pylori and gastric Helicobacter spp. have been essential evolutionary events for gastric colonization. Using bioinformatics, proteomics and phylogenetics, we extended this analysis to determine how evolution has framed the repertoire of HRPs among 39 Epsilonproteobacteria; 18 gastric and 11 non-gastric enterohepatic (EH) Helicobacter spp., as well as 10 other Epsilonproteobacteria. We identified a total of 213 HRPs distributed in 22 protein families named orthologous groups (OG) with His-rich domains, including 15 newly described OGs. Gastric Helicobacter spp. are enriched in HRPs (7.7 ± 1.9 HRPs/strain) as compared to EH Helicobacter spp. (1.9 ± 1.0 HRPs/strain) with a particular prevalence of HRPs with C-terminal Histidine-rich domains in gastric species. The expression and nickel-binding capacity of several HRPs was validated in five gastric Helicobacter spp. We established the evolutionary history of new HRP families, such as the periplasmic HP0721-like proteins and the HugZ-type heme-oxygenases. The expansion of Histidine-rich extensions in gastric Helicobacter spp. proteins is intriguing but can tentatively be associated with the presence of the urease nickel-enzyme. We conclude that this HRP expansion is associated with unique properties of organisms that rely on large intracellular nickel amounts for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fischer
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE.,Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Physiologie et Chimie Biologiques, 4 allée Konrad Roentgen, 67084 Strasbourg, FRANCE
| | - Egor Vorontsov
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE.,Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 413, 40530 Gothenburg, SWEDEN
| | - Evelyne Turlin
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - Christian Malosse
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - Camille Garcia
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - David L Tabb
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - Riccardo Percudani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, ITALY
| | - Daniel Vinella
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 PARIS Cedex 15 FRANCE
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Xia X. Multiple regulatory mechanisms for pH homeostasis in the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2022; 109:39-69. [PMID: 36334916 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acid-resistance in gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori requires the coordination of four essential processes to regulate urease activity. Firstly, urease expression above a base level needs to be finely tuned at different ambient pH. Secondly, as nickel is needed to activate urease, nickel homeostasis needs to be maintained by proteins that import and export nickel ions, and sequester, store and release nickel when needed. Thirdly, urease accessary proteins that activate urease activity by nickel insertion need to be expressed. Finally, a reliable source of urea needs to be maintained by both intrinsic and extrinsic sources of urea. Two-component systems (arsRS and flgRS), as well as a nickel response regulator (NikR), sense the change in pH and act on a variety of genes to accomplish the function of acid resistance without causing cellular overalkalization and nickel toxicity. Nickel storage proteins also feature built-in switches to store nickel at neutral pH and release nickel at low pH. This review summarizes the current status of H. pylori research and highlights a number of hypotheses that need to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada.
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Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030035. [PMID: 35892729 PMCID: PMC9326573 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major killer globally, although its incidence has declined over the past century. It is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is the outcome of a complex interaction between environmental, host genetic, and microbial factors. There is significant evidence supporting the association between chronic inflammation and the onset of cancer. This association is particularly robust for gastrointestinal cancers in which microbial pathogens are responsible for the chronic inflammation that can be a triggering factor for the onset of those cancers. Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent example since it is the most widespread infection, affecting nearly half of the world’s population. It is well-known to be responsible for inducing chronic gastric inflammation progressing to atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and eventually, gastric cancer. This review provides an overview of the association of the factors playing a role in chronic inflammation; the bacterial characteristics which are responsible for the colonization, persistence in the stomach, and triggering of inflammation; the microbiome involved in the chronic inflammation process; and the host factors that have a role in determining whether gastritis progresses to gastric cancer. Understanding these interconnections may improve our ability to prevent gastric cancer development and enhance our understanding of existing cases.
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Kumar S, Vinella D, De Reuse H. Nickel, an essential virulence determinant of Helicobacter pylori: Transport and trafficking pathways and their targeting by bismuth. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 80:1-33. [PMID: 35489790 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal acquisition and intracellular trafficking are crucial for all cells and metal ions have been recognized as virulence determinants in bacterial pathogens. Nickel is required for the pathogenicity of H. pylori. This bacterial pathogen colonizes the stomach of about half of the human population worldwide and is associated with gastric cancer that is responsible for 800,000 deaths per year. H. pylori possesses two nickel-enzymes that are essential for in vivo colonization, a [NiFe] hydrogenase and an abundant urease responsible for resistance to gastric acidity. Because of these two enzymes, survival of H. pylori relies on an important supply of nickel, implying tight control strategies to avoid its toxic accumulation or deprivation. H. pylori possesses original mechanisms for nickel uptake, distribution, storage and trafficking that will be discussed in this review. During evolution, acquisition of nickel transporters and specific nickel-binding proteins has been a decisive event to allow Helicobacter species to become able to colonize the stomach. Accordingly, many of the factors involved in these mechanisms are required for mouse colonization by H. pylori. These mechanisms are controlled at different levels including protein interaction networks, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Bismuth is another metal used in combination with antibiotics to efficiently treat H. pylori infections. Although the precise mode of action of bismuth is unknown, many targets have been identified in H. pylori and there is growing evidence that bismuth interferes with the essential nickel pathways. Understanding the metal pathways will help improve treatments against H. pylori and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumith Kumar
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR6047, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vinella
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR6047, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR6047, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Camporesi G, Minzoni A, Morasso L, Ciurli S, Musiani F. Nickel import and export in the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, perspectives from molecular modelling. Metallomics 2021; 13:6427379. [PMID: 34791340 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of essential metal ions and the ability to extrude them when their excess causes toxicity are crucial processes for all living beings. Nickel is a virulence factor for several human pathogens and in particular for the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori because of its crucial role in the catalytic activity of two Ni-dependent enzymes, urease and hydrogenase. H. pylori requires efficient uptake mechanisms to import Ni(II) because of its scarcity in the human body, but the molecular details of Ni(II) homeostasis are not fully known. Here we offer a structural framework for the machinery of Ni(II) import/export in H. pylori, obtained through comparative modelling and macromolecular docking. The model structures reported in this perspective are initial steps towards the understanding of these processes at the molecular level and in the direction to exploit them to eradicate infections caused by this family of pathogens. The differences between the structural models obtained by using both the recently released neural network-based approach implemented in AlphaFold2 and a more classical user-driven modelling procedure are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Camporesi
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Minzoni
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morasso
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Small RNA mediated gradual control of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis affects antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4433. [PMID: 34290242 PMCID: PMC8295292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, regulatory RNA RepG (Regulator of polymeric G-repeats) regulates the expression of the chemotaxis receptor TlpB in Helicobacter pylori by targeting a variable G-repeat in the tlpB mRNA leader. Here, we show that RepG additionally controls lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phase variation by also modulating the expression of a gene (hp0102) that is co-transcribed with tlpB. The hp0102 gene encodes a glycosyltransferase required for LPS O-chain biosynthesis and in vivo colonization of the mouse stomach. The G-repeat length defines a gradual (rather than ON/OFF) control of LPS biosynthesis by RepG, and leads to gradual resistance to a membrane-targeting antibiotic. Thus, RepG-mediated modulation of LPS structure might impact host immune recognition and antibiotic sensitivity, thereby helping H. pylori to adapt and persist in the host. The small RNA RepG modulates expression of chemotaxis receptor TlpB in Helicobacter pylori by targeting a length-variable G-repeat in the tlpB mRNA. Here, Pernitzsch et al. show that RepG also gradually controls lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, antibiotic susceptibility, and in-vivo colonization of the stomach, by regulating a gene that is co-transcribed with tlpB.
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13
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Denic M, Turlin E, Michel V, Fischer F, Khorasani-Motlagh M, Zamble D, Vinella D, de Reuse H. A novel mode of control of nickel uptake by a multifunctional metallochaperone. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009193. [PMID: 33444370 PMCID: PMC7840056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metal homeostasis is a critical process for all organisms, requiring tight regulation. In the major pathogen Helicobacter pylori, the acquisition of nickel is an essential virulence determinant as this metal is a cofactor for the acid-resistance enzyme, urease. Nickel uptake relies on the NixA permease and the NiuBDE ABC transporter. Till now, bacterial metal transporters were reported to be controlled at their transcriptional level. Here we uncovered post-translational regulation of the essential Niu transporter in H. pylori. Indeed, we demonstrate that SlyD, a protein combining peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase), chaperone, and metal-binding properties, is required for the activity of the Niu transporter. Using two-hybrid assays, we found that SlyD directly interacts with the NiuD permease subunit and identified a motif critical for this contact. Mutants of the different SlyD functional domains were constructed and used to perform in vitro PPIase activity assays and four different in vivo tests measuring nickel intracellular accumulation or transport in H. pylori. In vitro, SlyD PPIase activity is down-regulated by nickel, independently of its C-terminal region reported to bind metals. In vivo, a role of SlyD PPIase function was only revealed upon exposure to high nickel concentrations. Most importantly, the IF chaperone domain of SlyD was shown to be mandatory for Niu activation under all in vivo conditions. These data suggest that SlyD is required for the active functional conformation of the Niu permease and regulates its activity through a novel mechanism implying direct protein interaction, thereby acting as a gatekeeper of nickel uptake. Finally, in agreement with a central role of SlyD, this protein is essential for the colonization of the mouse model by H. pylori. Metal ions are essential for the viability of all living organisms. Indeed, more than one-third of all proteins need metal cofactors for their function. Intracellular metal concentrations require tight control as non-physiological amounts are very toxic. In particular, nickel plays a unique role in Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the stomach of about half of the human population worldwide and is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Nickel is essential for H. pylori as it is the cofactor of urease, an enzyme indispensable for resistance to the gastric acidity of the stomach and thus for in vivo colonization. To import nickel despite its scarcity in the human body, H. pylori requires efficient uptake mechanisms. Till now, control of nickel uptake was only reported to rely on transcriptional regulators. In the present study, we uncovered a novel mechanism of regulation of nickel acquisition. SlyD, a multifunctional enzyme was found to control, by direct protein interaction, the activity of an essential nickel uptake system in H. pylori. We revealed that the SlyD chaperone activity is mandatory for the active conformation and thus functionality of the nickel permease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Denic
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Turlin
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Fischer
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Deborah Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Vinella
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (DV); (HDR)
| | - Hilde de Reuse
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (DV); (HDR)
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14
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Nostadt R, Hilbert M, Nizam S, Rovenich H, Wawra S, Martin J, Küpper H, Mijovilovich A, Ursinus A, Langen G, Hartmann MD, Lupas AN, Zuccaro A. A secreted fungal histidine- and alanine-rich protein regulates metal ion homeostasis and oxidative stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1174-1188. [PMID: 32285459 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Like pathogens, beneficial endophytic fungi secrete effector proteins to promote plant colonization, for example, through perturbation of host immunity. The genome of the root endophyte Serendipita indica encodes a novel family of highly similar, small alanine- and histidine-rich proteins, whose functions remain unknown. Members of this protein family carry an N-terminal signal peptide and a conserved C-terminal DELD motif. Here we report on the functional characterization of the plant-responsive DELD family protein Dld1 using a combination of structural, biochemical, biophysical and cytological analyses. The crystal structure of Dld1 shows an unusual, monomeric histidine zipper consisting of two antiparallel coiled-coil helices. Similar to other histidine-rich proteins, Dld1 displays varying affinity to different transition metal ions and undergoes metal ion- and pH-dependent unfolding. Transient expression of mCherry-tagged Dld1 in barley leaf and root tissue suggests that Dld1 localizes to the plant cell wall and accumulates at cell wall appositions during fungal penetration. Moreover, recombinant Dld1 enhances barley root colonization by S. indica, and inhibits H2 O2 -mediated radical polymerization of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Our data suggest that Dld1 has the potential to enhance micronutrient accessibility for the fungus and to interfere with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species homeostasis to facilitate host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nostadt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hilbert
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shadab Nizam
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Rovenich
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Martin
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31/1160, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Mijovilovich
- Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid Ursinus
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Langen
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus D Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei N Lupas
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Chervinets VM, Mironov AY, Chervinets YV, Bazlov SN. [The state and role of esophagus, stomach, intestinal microbiota in patients with ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, esophagitis.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 65:42-49. [PMID: 32155006 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-1-42-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The microflora of 64 biopsies taken during fibrogastroduodenoscopy of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in healthy volunteers and 1120 samples obtained from the same parts of the digestive tract in patients with esophagitis, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease were studied. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 62 years. Traditional bacteriological method was used to isolate and identify microorganisms. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Stomatococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Veilonella spp. were isolated from biopsies of healthy respondents in an average amount from 3.2 to 4.68 lg CFU/g. H.pylori was found in 60% (5.66 lg CFU/g) in the esophagus, in 33.3% of cases (5.12 lg CFU/g) from the fundal part of the stomach, in 44.4% (5.25 lg CFU/g) from the antral part of the stomach, in 5.5% (4.2 lg CFU/g) in the duodenal mucosa. In samples obtained from the inflamed and eroded mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, opportunistic bacteria of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Peptococcus, Actinomyces, yeast fungi of the genus Candida etc. were detected in an amount exceeding 4 lg CFU/g. H. pylori isolated in 6.3-16.7% of patients (4.25-4.6 lg CFU/g) and did not dominate in relation to other microorganisms, and in most cases had a low frequency of its occurrence. In patients with the recurrence of peptic ulcer disease, exacerbation of chronic gastritis and esophagitis, dysbiosis was developed, characterized by an increase in the species and quantitative composition of opportunistic microflora, an increase in its enzymatic and cytotoxic activity, which can contribute to the maintenance of inflammatory and necrotic processes and inhibit the elimination of the pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Y Mironov
- G.N. Gabrichevskogo Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S N Bazlov
- Tver State Medical University, 170100, Tver, Russia
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16
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Benoit SL, Maier RJ, Sawers RG, Greening C. Molecular Hydrogen Metabolism: a Widespread Trait of Pathogenic Bacteria and Protists. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:e00092-19. [PMID: 31996394 PMCID: PMC7167206 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00092-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms use various mechanisms to conserve energy in host tissues and environmental reservoirs. One widespread but often overlooked means of energy conservation is through the consumption or production of molecular hydrogen (H2). Here, we comprehensively review the distribution, biochemistry, and physiology of H2 metabolism in pathogens. Over 200 pathogens and pathobionts carry genes for hydrogenases, the enzymes responsible for H2 oxidation and/or production. Furthermore, at least 46 of these species have been experimentally shown to consume or produce H2 Several major human pathogens use the large amounts of H2 produced by colonic microbiota as an energy source for aerobic or anaerobic respiration. This process has been shown to be critical for growth and virulence of the gastrointestinal bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter concisus, and Helicobacter pylori (including carcinogenic strains). H2 oxidation is generally a facultative trait controlled by central regulators in response to energy and oxidant availability. Other bacterial and protist pathogens produce H2 as a diffusible end product of fermentation processes. These include facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia coli, S Typhimurium, and Giardia intestinalis, which persist by fermentation when limited for respiratory electron acceptors, as well as obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile, and Trichomonas vaginalis, that produce large amounts of H2 during growth. Overall, there is a rich literature on hydrogenases in growth, survival, and virulence in some pathogens. However, we lack a detailed understanding of H2 metabolism in most pathogens, especially obligately anaerobic bacteria, as well as a holistic understanding of gastrointestinal H2 transactions overall. Based on these findings, we also evaluate H2 metabolism as a possible target for drug development or other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane L Benoit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert J Maier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - R Gary Sawers
- Institute of Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chris Greening
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Nickel is an essential cofactor for some pathogen virulence factors. Due to its low availability in hosts, pathogens must efficiently transport the metal and then balance its ready intracellular availability for enzyme maturation with metal toxicity concerns. The most notable virulence-associated components are the Ni-enzymes hydrogenase and urease. Both enzymes, along with their associated nickel transporters, storage reservoirs, and maturation enzymes have been best-studied in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium which depends heavily on nickel. Molecular hydrogen utilization is associated with efficient host colonization by the Helicobacters, which include both gastric and liver pathogens. Translocation of a H. pylori carcinogenic toxin into host epithelial cells is powered by H2 use. The multiple [NiFe] hydrogenases of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium are important in host colonization, while ureases play important roles in both prokaryotic (Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus spp.) and eukaryotic (Cryptoccoccus genus) pathogens associated with urinary tract infections. Other Ni-requiring enzymes, such as Ni-acireductone dioxygenase (ARD), Ni-superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ni-glyoxalase I (GloI) play important metabolic or detoxifying roles in other pathogens. Nickel-requiring enzymes are likely important for virulence of at least 40 prokaryotic and nine eukaryotic pathogenic species, as described herein. The potential for pathogenic roles of many new Ni-binding components exists, based on recent experimental data and on the key roles that Ni enzymes play in a diverse array of pathogens.
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18
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Alfano M, Pérard J, Carpentier P, Basset C, Zambelli B, Timm J, Crouzy S, Ciurli S, Cavazza C. The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase accessory protein CooJ is a histidine-rich multidomain dimer containing an unexpected Ni(II)-binding site. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7601-7614. [PMID: 30858174 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of nickel enzymes requires specific accessory proteins organized in multiprotein complexes controlling metal transfer to the active site. Histidine-rich clusters are generally present in at least one of the metallochaperones involved in nickel delivery. The maturation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in the proteobacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum requires three accessory proteins, CooC, CooT, and CooJ, dedicated to nickel insertion into the active site, a distorted [NiFe3S4] cluster coordinated to an iron site. Previously, CooJ from R. rubrum (RrCooJ) has been described as a nickel chaperone with 16 histidines and 2 cysteines at its C terminus. Here, the X-ray structure of a truncated version of RrCooJ, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering data and a modeling study of the full-length protein, revealed a homodimer comprising a coiled coil with two independent and highly flexible His tails. Using isothermal calorimetry, we characterized several metal-binding sites (four per dimer) involving the His-rich motifs and having similar metal affinity (KD = 1.6 μm). Remarkably, biophysical approaches, site-directed mutagenesis, and X-ray crystallography uncovered an additional nickel-binding site at the dimer interface, which binds Ni(II) with an affinity of 380 nm Although RrCooJ was initially thought to be a unique protein, a proteome database search identified at least 46 bacterial CooJ homologs. These homologs all possess two spatially separated nickel-binding motifs: a variable C-terminal histidine tail and a strictly conserved H(W/F)X 2HX 3H motif, identified in this study, suggesting a dual function for CooJ both as a nickel chaperone and as a nickel storage protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marila Alfano
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Julien Pérard
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Philippe Carpentier
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Christian Basset
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- the Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Timm
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Serge Crouzy
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- the Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christine Cavazza
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
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19
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Smet A, Yahara K, Rossi M, Tay A, Backert S, Armin E, Fox JG, Flahou B, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Corander J. Macroevolution of gastric Helicobacter species unveils interspecies admixture and time of divergence. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2518-2531. [PMID: 29942073 PMCID: PMC6154992 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, various other Helicobacter species have been identified in the stomach of domesticated and wild mammals. To better understand the evolutionary history of these ecologically similar but genetically distinct species, we analyzed 108 gastric Helicobacter genomes and included 54 enterohepatic Helicobacter genomes for comparison purposes. An admixture analysis supported the presence of an ecological barrier, preventing the genetic exchange between the gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter species, and unraveled many gene flow events within and across species residing in the stomach. As pets can be colonized by multiple gastric Helicobacter species, the genetic exchange between the canine and feline strains was evident, with H. heilmannii and H. bizzozeronii showing the highest interspecies recombination. An admixture between H. pylori (in particular, the ancestral African strains), H. acinonychis from wild felines and H. cetorum from marine mammals was also identified. Because these latter species do not share the same host, this phenomenon is most likely a remaining signal of shared ancestry. A reconstruction of the time of divergence of the gastric Helicobacter spp. revealed that the domestic animal-related Helicobacter species evolved in parallel with H. pylori and its two closest relatives (H. acinonychis and H. cetorum), rather than together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Alfred Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department Biology, Division Microbiology, University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ensser Armin
- Institute of clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Saylor Z, Maier R. Helicobacter pylori nickel storage proteins: recognition and modulation of diverse metabolic targets. Microbiology (Reading) 2018; 164:1059-1068. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Saylor
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metalloprotein Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Maier
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metalloprotein Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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21
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The Sole DEAD-Box RNA Helicase of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori Is Essential for Colonization. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.02071-17. [PMID: 29588407 PMCID: PMC5874925 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02071-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Present in every kingdom of life, generally in multiple copies, DEAD-box RNA helicases are specialized enzymes that unwind RNA secondary structures. They play major roles in mRNA decay, ribosome biogenesis, and adaptation to cold temperatures. Most bacteria have multiple DEAD-box helicases that present both specialized and partially redundant functions. By using phylogenomics, we revealed that the Helicobacter genus, including the major gastric pathogen H. pylori, is among the exceptions, as it encodes a sole DEAD-box RNA helicase. In H. pylori, this helicase, designated RhpA, forms a minimal RNA degradosome together with the essential RNase, RNase J, a major player in the control of RNA decay. Here, we used H. pylori as a model organism with a sole DEAD-box helicase and investigated the role of this helicase in H. pylori physiology, ribosome assembly, and during in vivo colonization. Our data showed that RhpA is dispensable for growth at 37°C but crucial at 33°C, suggesting an essential role of the helicase in cold adaptation. Moreover, we found that a ΔrhpA mutant was impaired in motility and deficient in colonization of the mouse model. RhpA is involved in the maturation of 16S rRNA at 37°C and is associated with translating ribosomes. At 33°C, RhpA is, in addition, recruited to individual ribosomal subunits. Finally, via its role in the RNA degradosome, RhpA directs the regulation of the expression of its partner, RNase J. RhpA is thus a multifunctional enzyme that, in H. pylori, plays a central role in gene regulation and in the control of virulence.IMPORTANCE We present the results of our study on the role of RhpA, the sole DEAD-box RNA helicase encoded by the major gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori We observed that all the Helicobacter species possess such a sole helicase, in contrast to most free-living bacteria. RhpA is not essential for growth of H. pylori under normal conditions. However, deletion of rhpA leads to a motility defect and to total inhibition of the ability of H. pylori to colonize a mouse model. We also demonstrated that this helicase encompasses most of the functions of its specialized orthologs described so far. We found that RhpA is a key element of the bacterial adaptation to colder temperatures and plays a minor role in ribosome biogenesis. Finally, RhpA regulates transcription of the rnj gene encoding RNase J, its essential partner in the minimal H. pylori RNA degradosome, and thus plays a crucial role in the control of RNA decay.
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Roles of the F-domain in [FeFe] hydrogenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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In Vivo Analysis of the Viable Microbiota and Helicobacter pylori Transcriptome in Gastric Infection and Early Stages of Carcinogenesis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00031-17. [PMID: 28694295 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00031-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the human microbiota plays a larger role in disease progression and health than previously anticipated. Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastric cancer and duodenal and gastric ulcers, was early associated with gastric disease, but it has also been proposed that the accompanying microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals might affect disease progression and gastric cancer development. In this study, the composition of the transcriptionally active microbial community and H. pylori gene expression were determined using metatranscriptomic RNA sequencing of stomach biopsy specimens from individuals with different H. pylori infection statuses and premalignant tissue changes. The results show that H. pylori completely dominates the microbiota not only in infected individuals but also in most individuals classified as H. pylori uninfected using conventional methods. Furthermore, H. pylori abundance is positively correlated with the presence of Campylobacter, Deinococcus, and Sulfurospirillum Finally, we quantified the expression of a large number of Helicobacter pylori genes and found high expression of genes involved in pH regulation and nickel transport. Our study is the first to dissect the viable microbiota of the human stomach by metatranscriptomic analysis, and it shows that metatranscriptomic analysis of the gastric microbiota is feasible and can provide new insights into how bacteria respond in vivo to variations in the stomach microenvironment and at different stages of disease progression.
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is responsible for the most commonly found infection in the world's population. It is the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. Numerous studies published over the last year provide new insights into the strategies employed by H. pylori to adapt to the extreme acidic conditions of the gastric environment, to establish persistent infection and to deregulate host functions, leading to gastric pathogenesis and cancer. In this review, we report recent data on the mechanisms involved in chemotaxis, on the essential role of nickel in acid resistance and gastric colonization, on the importance of adhesins and Hop proteins and on the role of CagPAI-components and CagA. Among the host functions, a special focus has been made on the escape from immune response, the ability of bacteria to induce genetic instability and modulate telomeres, the mechanism of autophagy and the deregulation of micro RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Camilo
- Pasteur Institute, Department of Microbiology, Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1173, Faculty of Health Sciences Simone Veil, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eliette Touati
- Pasteur Institute, Department of Microbiology, Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Paris Cedex 15, France
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Comprehensive mapping of the Helicobacter pylori NikR regulon provides new insights in bacterial nickel responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45458. [PMID: 28393877 PMCID: PMC5385501 DOI: 10.1038/srep45458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel homeostasis is important for pathogenic and ureolytic bacteria, which use this metal ion as enzymatic cofactor. For example, in the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori an optimal balance between nickel uptake and incorporation in metallo-enzymes is fundamental for colonization of the host. Nickel is also used as cofactor to modulate DNA binding of the NikR regulator, which controls transcription of genes involved in nickel trafficking or infection in many bacteria. Accordingly, there is much interest in a systematic characterization of NikR regulation. Herein we use H. pylori as a model to integrate RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data demonstrating that NikR not only regulates metal-ion transporters but also virulence factors, non-coding RNAs, as well as toxin-antitoxin systems in response to nickel stimulation. Altogether, results provide new insights into the pathobiology of H. pylori and contribute to understand the responses to nickel in other bacteria.
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Xia W, Li H, Sun H. Nickel Metallochaperones: Structure, Function, and Nickel-Binding Properties. THE BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY OF NICKEL 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010580-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-containing enzymes catalyze a series of important biochemical processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The maturation of the enzymes requires the proper assembly of the nickel-containing active sites, which involves a battery of nickel metallochaperones that exert metal delivery and storage functions. “Cross-talk” also exists between different nickel enzyme maturation processes. This chapter summarizes the updated knowledge about the nickel chaperones based on biochemical and structural biology research, and discusses the possible nickel delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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Shelake RM, Ito Y, Masumoto J, Morita EH, Hayashi H. A novel mechanism of "metal gel-shift" by histidine-rich Ni2+-binding Hpn protein from Helicobacter pylori strain SS1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172182. [PMID: 28207866 PMCID: PMC5312948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a universally used method for determining approximate molecular weight (MW) in protein research. Migration of protein that does not correlate with formula MW, termed "gel shifting" appears to be common for histidine-rich proteins but not yet studied in detail. We investigated "gel shifting" in Ni2+-binding histidine-rich Hpn protein cloned from Helicobacter pylori strain SS1. Our data demonstrate two important factors determining "gel shifting" of Hpn, polyacrylamide-gel concentration and metal binding. Higher polyacrylamide-gel concentrations resulted in faster Hpn migration. Irrespective of polyacrylamide-gel concentration, preserved Hpn-Ni2+ complex migrated faster (3-4 kDa) than apo-Hpn, phenomenon termed "metal gel-shift" demonstrating an intimate link between Ni2+ binding and "gel shifting". To examine this discrepancy, eluted samples from corresponding spots on SDS-gel were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The MW of all samples was the same (6945.66±0.34 Da) and identical to formula MW with or without added mass of Ni2+. MALDI-TOF-MS of Ni2+-treated Hpn revealed that monomer bound up to six Ni2+ ions non-cooperatively, and equilibrium between protein-metal species was reliant on Ni2+ availability. This corroborates with gradually increased heterogeneity of apo-Hpn band followed by compact "metal-gel shift" band on SDS-PAGE. In view of presented data metal-binding and "metal-gel shift" models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Ito
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eugene Hayato Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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Zeer-Wanklyn CJ, Zamble DB. Microbial nickel: cellular uptake and delivery to enzyme centers. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 37:80-88. [PMID: 28213182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nickel enzymes allow microorganisms to access chemistry that can be vital for survival and virulence. In this review we highlight recent work on several systems that import nickel ions and deliver them to the active sites of these enzymes. Small molecules, in particular l-His and derivatives, may chelate nickel ions before import at TonB-dependent outer-membrane and ABC-type inner-membrane transporters. Inside the cell, nickel ions are used by maturation factors required to produce nickel enzymes such as [NiFe]-hydrogenase, urease and lactate racemase. These accessory proteins often exhibit metal selectivity and frequently include an NTP-hydrolyzing metallochaperone protein. The research described provides a deeper understanding of the processes that allow microorganisms to access nickel ions from the environment and incorporate them into nickel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Zeer-Wanklyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Deborah B Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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29
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Fischer F, Robbe-Saule M, Turlin E, Mancuso F, Michel V, Richaud P, Veyrier FJ, De Reuse H, Vinella D. Characterization in Helicobacter pylori of a Nickel Transporter Essential for Colonization That Was Acquired during Evolution by Gastric Helicobacter Species. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006018. [PMID: 27923069 PMCID: PMC5140060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal acquisition is crucial for all cells and for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. In particular, nickel is a virulence determinant for the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori as it is the cofactor of two enzymes essential for in vivo colonization, urease and a [NiFe] hydrogenase. To import nickel despite its scarcity in the human body, H. pylori requires efficient uptake mechanisms that are only partially defined. Indeed, alternative ways of nickel entry were predicted to exist in addition to the well-described NixA permease. Using a genetic screen, we identified an ABC transporter, that we designated NiuBDE, as a novel H. pylori nickel transport system. Unmarked mutants carrying deletions of nixA, niuD and/or niuB, were constructed and used to measure (i) tolerance to toxic nickel exposure, (ii) intracellular nickel content by ICP-OES, (iii) transport of radioactive nickel and (iv) expression of a reporter gene controlled by nickel concentration. We demonstrated that NiuBDE and NixA function separately and are the sole nickel transporters in H. pylori. NiuBDE, but not NixA, also transports cobalt and bismuth, a metal currently used in H. pylori eradication therapy. Both NiuBDE and NixA participate in nickel-dependent urease activation at pH 5 and survival under acidic conditions mimicking those encountered in the stomach. However, only NiuBDE is able to carry out this activity at neutral pH and is essential for colonization of the mouse stomach. Phylogenomic analyses indicated that both nixA and niuBDE genes have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer by the last common ancestor of the gastric Helicobacter species. Our work highlights the importance of this evolutionary event for the emergence of Helicobacter gastric species that are adapted to the hostile environment of the stomach where the capacity of Helicobacter to import nickel and thereby activate urease needs to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fischer
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Marie Robbe-Saule
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Evelyne Turlin
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Francesco Mancuso
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Pierre Richaud
- CEA, DRF, BIAM SBVME and CNRS, UMR 7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, FRANCE
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec, CANADA
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Vinella
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, ERL CNRS 3526, Paris, FRANCE
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De Witte C, Schulz C, Smet A, Malfertheiner P, Haesebrouck F. Other Helicobacters and gastric microbiota. Helicobacter 2016; 21 Suppl 1:62-8. [PMID: 27531542 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article aimed to review the literature from 2015 dealing with gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). A summary of the gastric microbiota interactions with H. pylori is also presented. An extensive number of studies were published during the last year and have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infections with NHPH. These infections are increasingly reported in human patients, including infections with H. cinaedi, mainly characterized by severe bacteremia. Whole-genome sequencing appears to be the most reliable technique for identification of NHPH at species level. Presence of NHPH in laboratory animals may influence the outcome of experiments, making screening and eradication desirable. Vaccination based on UreB proteins or bacterial lysate with CCR4 antagonists as well as oral glutathione supplementation may be promising strategies to dampen the pathogenic effects associated with gastric NHPH infections. Several virulent factors such as outer membrane proteins, phospholipase C-gamma 2, Bak protein, and nickel-binding proteins are associated with colonization of the gastric mucosae and development of gastritis. The development of high-throughput sequencing has led to new insights in the gastric microbiota composition and its interaction with H. pylori. Alterations in the gastric microbiota caused by the pH-increasing effect of a H. pylori infection may increase the risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The development of high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies is changing the face of microbiology, facilitating the comparison of large numbers of genomes from different lineages of a same organism. Our aim was to review the main advances on Helicobacter pylori "omics" and to understand how this is improving our knowledge of the biology, diversity and pathogenesis of H. pylori. Since the first H. pylori isolate was sequenced in 1997, 510 genomes have been deposited in the NCBI archive, providing a basis for improved understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of this important pathogen. This review focuses on works published between April 2015 and March 2016. Helicobacter "omics" is already making an impact and is a growing research field. Ultimately these advances will be translated into a routine clinical laboratory setting in order to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Berthenet
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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32
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Wang G, Romero-Gallo J, Benoit SL, Piazuelo MB, Dominguez RL, Morgan DR, Peek RM, Maier RJ. Hydrogen Metabolism in Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis through Facilitating CagA Translocation. mBio 2016; 7:e01022-16. [PMID: 27531909 PMCID: PMC4992972 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01022-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A known virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that augments gastric cancer risk is the CagA cytotoxin. A carcinogenic derivative strain, 7.13, that has a greater ability to translocate CagA exhibits much higher hydrogenase activity than its parent noncarcinogenic strain, B128. A Δhyd mutant strain with deletion of hydrogenase genes was ineffective in CagA translocation into human gastric epithelial AGS cells, while no significant attenuation of cell adhesion was observed. The quinone reductase inhibitor 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) was used to specifically inhibit the H2-utilizing respiratory chain of outer membrane-permeabilized bacterial cells; that level of inhibitor also greatly attenuated CagA translocation into AGS cells, indicating the H2-generated transmembrane potential is a contributor to toxin translocation. The Δhyd strain showed a decreased frequency of DNA transformation, suggesting that H. pylori hydrogenase is also involved in energizing the DNA uptake apparatus. In a gerbil model of infection, the ability of the Δhyd strain to induce inflammation was significantly attenuated (at 12 weeks postinoculation), while all of the gerbils infected with the parent strain (7.13) exhibited a high level of inflammation. Gastric cancer developed in 50% of gerbils infected with the wild-type strain 7.13 but in none of the animals infected with the Δhyd strain. By examining the hydrogenase activities from well-defined clinical H. pylori isolates, we observed that strains isolated from cancer patients (n = 6) have a significantly higher hydrogenase (H2/O2) activity than the strains isolated from gastritis patients (n = 6), further supporting an association between H. pylori hydrogenase activity and gastric carcinogenesis in humans. IMPORTANCE Hydrogen-utilizing hydrogenases are known to be important for some respiratory pathogens to colonize hosts. Here a gastric cancer connection is made via a pathogen's (H. pylori) use of molecular hydrogen, a host microbiome-produced gas. Delivery of the known carcinogenic factor CagA into host cells is augmented by the H2-utilizing respiratory chain of the bacterium. The role of hydrogenase in carcinogenesis is demonstrated in an animal model, whereby inflammation markers and cancer development were attenuated in the hydrogenase-null strain. Hydrogenase activity comparisons of clinical strains of the pathogen also support a connection between hydrogen metabolism and gastric cancer risk. While molecular hydrogen use is acknowledged to be an alternative high-energy substrate for some pathogens, this work extends the roles of H2 oxidation to include transport of a carcinogenic toxin. The work provides a new avenue for exploratory treatment of some cancers via microflora alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stéphane L Benoit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Departments of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert J Maier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
[NiFe]-hydrogenases catalyze the reversible conversion of hydrogen gas into protons and electrons and are vital metabolic components of many species of bacteria and archaea. At the core of this enzyme is a sophisticated catalytic center comprising nickel and iron, as well as cyanide and carbon monoxide ligands, which is anchored to the large hydrogenase subunit through cysteine residues. The production of this multicomponent active site is accomplished by a collection of accessory proteins and can be divided into discrete stages. The iron component is fashioned by the proteins HypC, HypD, HypE, and HypF, which functionalize iron with cyanide and carbon monoxide. Insertion of the iron center signals to the metallochaperones HypA, HypB, and SlyD to selectively deliver the nickel to the active site. A specific protease recognizes the completed metal cluster and then cleaves the C-terminus of the large subunit, resulting in a conformational change that locks the active site in place. Finally, the large subunit associates with the small subunit, and the complete holoenzyme translocates to its final cellular position. Beyond this broad overview of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase maturation process, biochemical and structural studies are revealing the fundamental underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we review recent work illuminating how the accessory proteins contribute to the maturation of [NiFe]-hydrogenase and discuss some of the outstanding questions that remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lacasse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Deborah B Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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