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Chen W, Li X, Wei L, Chen B, Han C, Duan Y, Chen C. Functional Differentiation of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit SdhC Governs the Sensitivity to SDHI Fungicides, ROS Homeostasis, and Pathogenicity in Fusarium asiaticum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10314-10327. [PMID: 38661317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), targeted by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Fusarium asiaticum is a prominent phytopathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. Here, we characterized the functions of the FaSdhA, FaSdhB, FaSdhC1, FaSdhC2, and FaSdhD subunits. Deletion of FaSdhA, FaSdhB, or FaSdhD resulted in significant growth defects in F. asiaticum. The FaSdhC1 or FaSdhC2 deletion mutants exhibited substantial reductions in fungal growth, conidiation, virulence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The FaSdhC1 expression was significantly induced by pydiflumetofen (PYD). The ΔFaSdhC1 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to SDHIs, whereas the ΔFaSdhC2 mutant exhibited resistance against most SDHIs. The transmembrane domains of FaSdhC1 are essential for regulating mycelial growth, virulence, and sensitivity to SDHIs. These findings provided valuable insights into how the two SdhC paralogues regulated the functional integrity of SDH, ROS homeostasis, and the sensitivity to SDHIs in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Hawkins NJ. Assessing the predictability of fungicide resistance evolution through in vitro selection. JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION : SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE GERMAN PHYTOMEDICAL SOCIETY (DPG) 2024; 131:1257-1264. [PMID: 38947557 PMCID: PMC11213724 DOI: 10.1007/s41348-024-00906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are highly adaptable, and have evolved to overcome control measures including multiple classes of fungicides. More effective management requires a thorough understanding of the evolutionary drivers leading to resistance. Experimental evolution can be used to investigate evolutionary processes over a compressed timescale. For fungicide resistance, applications include predicting resistance ahead of its emergence in the field, testing potential outcomes under multiple different fungicide usage scenarios or comparing resistance management strategies. This review considers different experimental approaches to in vitro selection, and their suitability for addressing different questions relating to fungicide resistance. When aiming to predict the evolution of new variants, mutational supply is especially important. When assessing the relative fitness of different variants under fungicide selection, growth conditions such as temperature may affect the results as well as fungicide choice and dose. Other considerations include population size, transfer interval, competition between genotypes and pathogen reproductive mode. However, resistance evolution in field populations has proven to be less repeatable for some fungicide classes than others. Therefore, even with optimal experimental design, in some cases the most accurate prediction from experimental evolution may be that the exact evolutionary trajectory of resistance will be unpredictable.
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An JX, Zhang BQ, Liang HJ, Zhang ZJ, Liu YQ, Zhang SY. Antifungal Activity and Putative Mechanism of HWY-289, a Semisynthetic Protoberberine Derivative, against Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7716-7726. [PMID: 38536397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of resistant pathogens has increased the demand for alternative fungicides. The use of natural products as chemical scaffolds is a potential method for developing fungicides. HWY-289, a semisynthetic protoberberine derivative, demonstrated broad-spectrum and potent activities against phytopathogenic fungi, particularly Botrytis cinerea (with EC50 values of 1.34 μg/mL). SEM and TEM imaging indicated that HWY-289 altered the morphology of the mycelium and the internal structure of cells. Transcriptomics revealed that it could break down cellular walls through amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, it substantially decreased chitinase activity and chitin synthase gene (BcCHSV) expression by 53.03 and 82.18% at 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this impacted the permeability and integrity of cell membranes. Finally, HWY-289 also hindered energy metabolism, resulting in a significant reduction of ATP content, ATPase activities, and key enzyme activities in the TCA cycle. Therefore, HWY-289 may be a potential candidate for the development of plant fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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Badet T, Tralamazza SM, Feurtey A, Croll D. Recent reactivation of a pathogenicity-associated transposable element is associated with major chromosomal rearrangements in a fungal wheat pathogen. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1226-1242. [PMID: 38142443 PMCID: PMC10853768 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are key drivers of genomic variation contributing to recent adaptation in most species. Yet, the evolutionary origins and insertion dynamics within species remain poorly understood. We recapitulate the spread of the pathogenicity-associated Styx element across five species that last diverged ∼11 000 years ago. We show that the element likely originated in the Zymoseptoria fungal pathogen genus and underwent multiple independent reactivation events. Using a global 900-genome panel of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, we assess Styx copy number variation and identify renewed transposition activity in Oceania and South America. We show that the element can mobilize to create additional Styx copies in a four-generation pedigree. Importantly, we find that new copies of the element are not affected by genomic defenses suggesting minimal control against the element. Styx copies are preferentially located in recombination breakpoints and likely triggered multiple types of large chromosomal rearrangements. Taken together, we establish the origin, diversification and reactivation of a highly active TE with likely major consequences for chromosomal integrity and the expression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Moser Tralamazza
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Feurtey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Plant Pathology, D-USYS, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Miao J, Li Y, Hu S, Li G, Gao X, Dai T, Liu X. Resistance risk, resistance mechanism and the effect on DON production of a new SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105795. [PMID: 38458689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight in wheat is caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in significant yield losses and grain contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a potential threat to animal health. Cyclobutrifluram, a newly developed succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has shown excellent inhibition of Fusarium spp. However, the resistance risk of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram and the molecular mechanism of resistance have not been determined. In this study, we established the average EC50 of a range of F. graminearum isolates to cyclobutrifluram to be 0.0110 μg/mL. Six cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide adaptation. All mutants exhibited impaired fitness relative to their parental isolates. This was evident from measurements of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidial germination, virulence, and DON production. Interestingly, cyclobutrifluram did not seem to affect the DON production of either the sensitive isolates or the resistant mutants. Furthermore, a positive cross-resistance was observed between cyclobutrifluram and pydiflumetofen. These findings suggest that F. graminearum carries a moderate to high risk of developing resistance to cyclobutrifluram. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FgSdhB and A73V in FgSdhC1 of F. graminearum were observed in the cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants. Finally, an overexpression transformation assay and molecular docking indicated that FgSdhBH248Y or FgSdhC1A73V could confer resistance of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Sun H, Cai S, Liu H, Li X, Deng Y, Yang X, Cao S, Li W, Chen H. FgSdhC Paralog Confers Natural Resistance toward SDHI Fungicides in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20643-20653. [PMID: 38108286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum exhibited natural resistance to a majority of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the natural resistance were still unknown. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SdhC) is an essential gene for maintaining succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) function in fungi. In F. graminearum, a paralog of FgSdhC named as FgSdhC1 was identified. Based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR assay, we found that the expression level of FgSdhC1 was very low but upregulated by SDHIs treatment. Based on reverse genetics, we demonstrated that FgSdhC1 was an inessential gene in normal growth but was sufficient for maintaining SQR function and conferred natural resistance or reduced sensitivity toward SDHIs. Additionally, we found that the standard F. graminearum isolate PH-1 had high sensitivity to a majority of SDHIs. A single nucleotide variation (C to T) in the FgSdhC1 of isolate PH-1, resulting in a premature termination codon (TAA) replacing the fourth amino acid glutamine (Q), led to the failure of FgSdhC1 to perform functions of conferring nature resistance. These results established that a dispensable paralogous gene determined SDHIs resistance in natural populations of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiyan Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huiquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Qiu Y, Meng Y, Lian W, Jian S, Du Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Liang X, Zhang Y. Polymorphisms at amino acid positions 85 and 86 in succinate dehydrogenase subunit C of Colletotrichum siamense: Implications for fitness and intrinsic sensitivity to SDHI fungicides. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103844. [PMID: 37989450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Among succinate dehydrogenase inhibiter (SDHI) fungicides, penthiopyrad and benzovindiflupyr particularly inhibit Colletotrichum. Studying SDH amino acid polymorphism in Colletotrichum, along with its fungicide binding sites, is key to understanding their mechanisms of action. This study explores the SDH amino acid polymorphisms in Colletotrichum siamense strains from rubber trees in China and their interaction with SDHI fungicides, specifically penthiopyrad and benzovindiflupyr. Sequencing revealed most polymorphisms were in the SDHC subunit, particularly at positions 85 and 86, which are key to penthiopyrad resistance. Among 33 isolates, 33.3 % exhibited a substitution at position 85, and 9 % at position 86. A strain with W85L and T86N substitutions in SDHC showed reduced SDH activity, ATP content, mycelial growth, and virulence, and decreased sensitivity to penthiopyrad but not benzovindiflupyr. Molecular docking with Alphafold2 modeling suggested distinct binding modes of the two fungicides to C. siamense SDH. These findings underscore the importance of SDHC polymorphisms in C. siamense's fitness and sensitivity to SDHIs, enhancing our understanding of pathogen-SDHI interactions and aiding the development of novel SDHI fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Qiu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yaling Meng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Wenxu Lian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Shasha Jian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yannan Du
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Bai Y, Cheng X, Li H, Chen X, Chen Y. Study on Mechanisms of Resistance to SDHI Fungicide Pydiflumetofen in Fusarium fujikuroi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14330-14341. [PMID: 37729092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice bakaenii disease (RBD) is a widespread and devastating disease mainly caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Pydiflumetofen (Pyd) is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with strong inhibitory activity against F. fujikuroi, but the mechanism of resistance to Pyd has not been well studied for this pathogen. Through fungicide adaption, a total of 12 Pyd-resistant mutants were obtained and the resistance level could be divided into three categories of high resistance (HR), moderate resistance (MR), and low resistance (LR) with resistance factors (RF) of 184.04-672.90, 12.63-42.49, and <10, respectively. Seven genotypes of point mutations in FfSdh genes (FfSdhBH248L, FfSdhBH248D, FfSdhBH248Y, FfSdhC2A83V, FfSdhC2H144Y, FfSdhDS106F, and FfSdhDE166K) were found in these mutants, among which genotype FfSdhBH248L and FfSdhC2A83V mutants showed HR, genotype FfSdhBH248D, FfSdhBH248Y, FfSdhC2H144Y, and FfSdhDE166K mutants showed MR, and genotype FfSdhDS106F mutants showed LR. Moreover, all the substitutions of amino acid point mutations including FfSdhBH248L/D/Y, FfSdhC2A83V,H144Y, and FfSdhDS106F,E166K conferring resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi were verified by protoplast transformation. Additionally, a positive cross-resistance was detected between Pyd and another SDHI fungicide penflufen, while no cross-resistance was detected between Pyd and phenamacril, prochloraz, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, or fludioxonil. Although pathogenicity of the mutants was increased compared with that of the wild-type parental strains, the mycelial growth rate and spore production levels of the resistant mutants were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), indicating significant fitness cost of resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi. Taken together, the risk of resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi might be moderate, and appropriate precautions against resistance development in natural populations should be taken into account when Pyd is used for the control of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Sautua FJ, Carmona MA. SDHI resistance in Pyrenophora teres f teres and molecular detection of novel double mutations in sdh genes conferring high resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 37103894 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Net blotch (NB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), is an important disease of barley worldwide. NB control is commonly achieved through the use of fungicide mixtures including strobilurins, triazoles and carboxamides. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) are important components of fungicide management programs of barley diseases. However, during the last growing seasons in Argentina, barley fields sprayed with mixtures containing SDHI fungicides have shown failures in NB control. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of Argentine Ptt strains resistant to SDHI fungicides. RESULTS Compared against a sensitive (wild-type) reference strain collected in 2008, all 21 Ptt isolates collected in 2021 exhibited resistance to pydiflumetofen and fluxapyroxad both in vitro and in vivo. Concordantly, all of them presented target-site mutations in any of the sdhB, sdhC and sdhD genes. Although the mutations detected have been previously reported in other parts of the world, this study documents for the first time the occurrence of double mutations in the same Ptt isolate. Specifically, the double mutation sdhC-N75S + sdhD-D145G confers high resistance to SDHI fungicides, while the double mutations sdhB-H277Y + sdhC-N75S and sdhB-H277Y + sdhC-H134R confer moderate levels of resistance in Ptt. CONCLUSIONS SDHI-resistance in Argentine Ptt populations is expected to increase. These findings emphasize the urgent need to perform a wider survey and a more frequent monitoring of SDHI sensitivity of Ptt populations and to develop and implement effective antiresistance tactics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sautua
- Facultad de Agronomía-Cátedra de Fitopatología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Aníbal Carmona
- Facultad de Agronomía-Cátedra de Fitopatología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bellah H, Gazeau G, Gélisse S, Amezrou R, Marcel TC, Croll D. A highly multiplexed assay to monitor pathogenicity, fungicide resistance and gene flow in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281181. [PMID: 36745583 PMCID: PMC9901794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop pathogens pose severe risks to global food production due to the rapid rise of resistance to pesticides and host resistance breakdowns. Predicting future risks requires monitoring tools to identify changes in the genetic composition of pathogen populations. Here we report the design of a microfluidics-based amplicon sequencing assay to multiplex 798 loci targeting virulence and fungicide resistance genes, and randomly selected genome-wide markers for the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The fungus causes one of the most devastating diseases on wheat showing rapid adaptation to fungicides and host resistance. We optimized the primer design by integrating polymorphism data from 632 genomes of the same species. To test the performance of the assay, we genotyped 192 samples in two replicates. Analysis of the short-read sequence data generated by the assay showed a fairly stable success rate across samples to amplify a large number of loci. The performance was consistent between samples originating from pure genomic DNA as well as material extracted directly from infected wheat leaves. In samples with mixed genotypes, we found that the assay recovers variations in allele frequencies. We also explored the potential of the amplicon assay to recover transposable element insertion polymorphism relevant for fungicide resistance. As a proof-of-concept, we show that the assay recovers the pathogen population structure across French wheat fields. Genomic monitoring of crop pathogens contributes to more sustainable crop protection and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Bellah
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gwilherm Gazeau
- INRAE, UR BIOGER, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sandrine Gélisse
- INRAE, UR BIOGER, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Reda Amezrou
- INRAE, UR BIOGER, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thierry C. Marcel
- INRAE, UR BIOGER, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- * E-mail: (TCM); (DC)
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TCM); (DC)
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Chen H, King R, Smith D, Bayon C, Ashfield T, Torriani S, Kanyuka K, Hammond-Kosack K, Bieri S, Rudd J. Combined pangenomics and transcriptomics reveals core and redundant virulence processes in a rapidly evolving fungal plant pathogen. BMC Biol 2023; 21:24. [PMID: 36747219 PMCID: PMC9903594 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying genomic variation in rapidly evolving pathogens potentially enables identification of genes supporting their "core biology", being present, functional and expressed by all strains or "flexible biology", varying between strains. Genes supporting flexible biology may be considered to be "accessory", whilst the "core" gene set is likely to be important for common features of a pathogen species biology, including virulence on all host genotypes. The wheat-pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici represents one of the most rapidly evolving threats to global food security and was the focus of this study. RESULTS We constructed a pangenome of 18 European field isolates, with 12 also subjected to RNAseq transcription profiling during infection. Combining this data, we predicted a "core" gene set comprising 9807 sequences which were (1) present in all isolates, (2) lacking inactivating polymorphisms and (3) expressed by all isolates. A large accessory genome, consisting of 45% of the total genes, was also defined. We classified genetic and genomic polymorphism at both chromosomal and individual gene scales. Proteins required for essential functions including virulence had lower-than average sequence variability amongst core genes. Both core and accessory genomes encoded many small, secreted candidate effector proteins that likely interact with plant immunity. Viral vector-mediated transient in planta overexpression of 88 candidates failed to identify any which induced leaf necrosis characteristic of disease. However, functional complementation of a non-pathogenic deletion mutant lacking five core genes demonstrated that full virulence was restored by re-introduction of the single gene exhibiting least sequence polymorphism and highest expression. CONCLUSIONS These data support the combined use of pangenomics and transcriptomics for defining genes which represent core, and potentially exploitable, weaknesses in rapidly evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Chen
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPresent address: School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Robert King
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK
| | - Dan Smith
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK
| | - Carlos Bayon
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK
| | - Tom Ashfield
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK ,grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Crop Health and Protection (CHaP), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK
| | - Stefano Torriani
- grid.420222.40000 0001 0669 0426Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK ,grid.17595.3f0000 0004 0383 6532Present address: National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim Hammond-Kosack
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts UK
| | - Stephane Bieri
- grid.420222.40000 0001 0669 0426Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jason Rudd
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK.
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12
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Li Y, Tang Y, Xue Z, Wang Y, Shi Y, Gao X, Li X, Li G, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Resistance Risk and Resistance-Related Point Mutation in SdhB and SdhC 1 of Cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium pseudograminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1886-1895. [PMID: 36657474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutrifluram is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) developed by Syngenta and helps to inhibit Fusarium pseudograminearum. Here, the potential for cyclobutrifluram resistance in F. pseudograminearum and the resistance mechanism involved were evaluated. Baseline sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram was determined with a mean EC50 value of 0.0248 μg/mL. Fungicide adaption generated five resistant mutants, which possess a comparable or a slightly impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates. This indicates that the resistance risk of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram might be moderate. Cyclobutrifluram-resistant isolates also demonstrated resistance to pydiflumetofen but sensitivity to carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FpSdhB and A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 were found in cyclobutrifluram-resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants. Molecular docking and overexpression transformation assay revealed that FpSdhBH248Y and FpSdhC1A83V or FpSdhC1R86K confer the resistance of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yidong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Ziwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yifei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing100193, China
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13
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Jørgensen LN, Matzen N, Heick TM, O’Driscoll A, Clark B, Waite K, Blake J, Glazek M, Maumene C, Couleaud G, Rodemann B, Weigand S, Bataille C, R B, Hellin P, Kildea S, Stammler G. Shifting sensitivity of septoria tritici blotch compromises field performance and yield of main fungicides in Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1060428. [PMID: 36483948 PMCID: PMC9723467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB; Zymoseptoria tritici) is a severe leaf disease on wheat in Northern Europe. Fungicide resistance in the populations of Z. tritici is increasingly challenging future control options. Twenty-five field trials were carried out in nine countries across Europe from 2019 to 2021 to investigate the efficacy of specific DMI and SDHI fungicides against STB. During the test period, two single DMIs (prothioconazole and mefentrifluconazole) and four different SDHIs (fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram) along with different co-formulations of DMIs and SDHIs applied at flag leaf emergence were tested. Across all countries, significant differences in azole performances against STB were seen; prothioconazole was outperformed in all countries by mefentrifluconazole. The effects also varied substantially between the SDHIs, with fluxapyroxad providing the best efficacy overall, while the performance of fluopyram was inferior to other SDHIs. In Ireland and the UK, the efficacy of SDHIs was significantly lower compared with results from continental Europe. This reduction in performances from both DMIs and SDHIs was reflected in yield responses and also linked to decreased sensitivity of Z. tritici isolates measured as EC50 values. A clear and significant gradient in EC50 values was seen across Europe. The lower sensitivity to SDHIs in Ireland and the UK was coincident with the prevalence of SDH-C-alterations T79N, N86S, and sporadically of H152R. The isolates' sensitivity to SDHIs showed a clear cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram, although the links with the latter were less apparent. Co-formulations of DMIs + SDHIs performed well in all trials conducted in 2021. Only minor differences were seen between fluxapyroxad + mefentrifluconazole and bixafen + fluopyram + prothioconazole; the combination of benzovindiflupyr + prothioconazole gave an inferior performance at some sites. Fenpicoxamid performed in line with the most effective co-formulations. This investigation shows a clear link between reduced field efficacy by solo SDHIs as a result of increasing problems with sensitivity shifting and the selection of several SDH-C mutations. The presented data stress the need to practice anti-resistance strategies to delay further erosion of fungicide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Matzen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claude Maumene
- Arvalis Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, Boigneville, France
| | - Gilles Couleaud
- Arvalis Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, Boigneville, France
| | | | - Stephan Weigand
- Institut für Pflanzenschutz, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Bán R
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Pierre Hellin
- CRA-W, Plant and Forest Health Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
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14
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Cannon S, Kay W, Kilaru S, Schuster M, Gurr SJ, Steinberg G. Multi-site fungicides suppress banana Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010860. [PMID: 36264855 PMCID: PMC9584521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global banana production is currently challenged by Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FocTR4). There are no effective fungicide-based strategies to control this soil-borne pathogen. This could be due to insensitivity of the pathogen to fungicides and/or soil application per se. Here, we test the effect of 12 single-site and 9 multi-site fungicides against FocTR4 and Foc Race1 (FocR1) in quantitative colony growth, and cell survival assays in purified FocTR4 macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores. We demonstrate that these FocTR4 morphotypes all cause Panama disease in bananas. These experiments reveal innate resistance of FocTR4 to all single-site fungicides, with neither azoles, nor succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), strobilurins or benzimidazoles killing these spore forms. We show in fungicide-treated hyphae that this innate resistance occurs in a subpopulation of "persister" cells and is not genetically inherited. FocTR4 persisters respond to 3 μg ml-1 azoles or 1000 μg ml-1 strobilurins or SDHIs by strong up-regulation of genes encoding target enzymes (up to 660-fold), genes for putative efflux pumps and transporters (up to 230-fold) and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (up to 200-fold). Comparison of gene expression in FocTR4 and Zymoseptoria tritici, grown under identical conditions, reveals that this response is only observed in FocTR4. In contrast, FocTR4 shows little innate resistance to most multi-site fungicides. However, quantitative virulence assays, in soil-grown bananas, reveals that only captan (20 μg ml-1) and all lipophilic cations (200 μg ml-1) suppress Panama disease effectively. These fungicides could help protect bananas from future yield losses by FocTR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Cannon
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - William Kay
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarah Jane Gurr
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,* E-mail: (SJG); (GS)
| | - Gero Steinberg
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,* E-mail: (SJG); (GS)
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15
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Zhao WB, An JX, Hu YM, Li AP, Zhang SY, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Luo XF, Bian Q, Ma Y, Ding YY, Wang R, Liu YQ. Tavaborole-Induced Inhibition of the Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis Pathway against Botrytis cinerea Contributes to Disease Control and Fruit Quality Preservation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12297-12309. [PMID: 36149871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of tavaborole on the invasion of Botrytis cinerea in grapes and tomatoes, as well as the potential mechanism involved, was discovered in this study. Our findings showed that tavaborole inhibited Botrytis cinerea spore germination and mycelial expansion in vitro and that the control efficiency in vivo on fruit decay was dose-dependent, which was effective in reducing disease severity and maintaining the organoleptic quality of the fruit, such as reducing weight loss and retaining fruit hardness and titratable acid contents during storage. Furthermore, the precise mechanism of action was investigated further. Propidium iodide staining revealed that Botrytis cinerea treated with tavaborole lost membrane integrity. For further validation, cytoplasmic malondialdehyde accumulation and leakage of cytoplasmic constituents were determined. Notably, the inhibitory effect was also dependent on inhibiting the activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases involved in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway in Botrytis cinerea. The above findings concluded that tavaborole was effective against Botrytis cinerea infection in postharvest fruit, and a related mechanism was also discussed, which may provide references for the drug repurposing of tavaborole as a postharvest fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ping Li
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Stergiopoulos I, Aoun N, van Huynh Q, Neill T, Lowder SR, Newbold C, Cooper ML, Ding S, Moyer MM, Miles TD, Oliver CL, Úrbez-Torres JR, Mahaffee WF. Identification of Putative SDHI Target Site Mutations in the SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD Subunits of the Grape Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe necator. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2310-2320. [PMID: 35100029 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1993-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are fungicides used in control of numerous fungal plant pathogens, including Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew (GPM). Here, the sdhb, sdhc, and sdhd genes of E. necator were screened for mutations that may be associated with SDHI resistance. GPM samples were collected from 2017 to 2020 from the U.S. states of California, Oregon, Washington, and Michigan, and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Forty-five polymorphisms were identified in the three sdh genes, 17 of which caused missense mutations. Of these, the SDHC-p.I244V substitution was shown in this study to reduce sensitivity of E. necator to boscalid and fluopyram, whereas the SDHC-p.G25R substitution did not affect SDHI sensitivity. Of the other 15 missense mutations, the SDHC-p.H242R substitution was shown in previous studies to reduce sensitivity of E. necator toward boscalid, whereas the equivalents of the SDHB-p.H242L, SDHC-p.A83V, and SDHD-p.I71F substitutions were shown to reduce sensitivity to SDHIs in other fungi. Generally, only a single amino acid substitution was present in the SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD subunit of E. necator isolates, but missense mutations putatively associated with SDHI resistance were widely distributed in the sampled areas and increased in frequency over time. Finally, isolates that had decreased sensitivity to boscalid or fluopyram were identified but with no or only the SDHC-p.G25R amino acid substitution present in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD subunits. This suggests that target site mutations probably are not the only mechanism conferring resistance to SDHIs in E. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stergiopoulos
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-851, U.S.A
| | - Nathalie Aoun
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-851, U.S.A
| | - Que van Huynh
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-851, U.S.A
| | - Tara Neill
- USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit (HCDPMRU), Corvallis, OR 97330, U.S.A
| | - Sarah R Lowder
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Chelsea Newbold
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Monica L Cooper
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Napa, CA 94559, U.S.A
| | - Shunping Ding
- Wine and Viticulture Department, California Polytechnical State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, U.S.A
| | - Michelle M Moyer
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Timothy D Miles
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Charlotte L Oliver
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - José Ramón Úrbez-Torres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Walter F Mahaffee
- USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit (HCDPMRU), Corvallis, OR 97330, U.S.A
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17
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Bénit P, Goncalves J, El Khoury R, Rak M, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P. Succinate Dehydrogenase, Succinate, and Superoxides: A Genetic, Epigenetic, Metabolic, Environmental Explosive Crossroad. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081788. [PMID: 35892689 PMCID: PMC9394281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its substrate, succinate, culminated in the 1950s accompanying the rapid development of research dedicated to bioenergetics and intermediary metabolism. This allowed researchers to uncover the implication of SDH in both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. Nowadays, this theme is experiencing a real revival following the discovery of the role of SDH and succinate in a subset of tumors and cancers in humans. The aim of this review is to enlighten the many questions yet unanswered, ranging from fundamental to clinically oriented aspects, up to the danger of the current use of SDH as a target for a subclass of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Bénit
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Goncalves
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Riyad El Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Favier
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre Rustin
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liang X, Zou L, Lian W, Wang M, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Conserved and Distinct Mechanisms of the SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Inhibiting Colletotrichum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1255-1263. [PMID: 34879716 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0420-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD) is an annual production concern for commercial growers worldwide. The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr shows higher bioactivity against CLD than other SDHIs. However, the mechanism underlying such difference remains unclear. In this study, benzovindiflupyr exhibits good inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum siamense and C. nymphaeae in vitro and in vivo. To reveal its mechanism for inhibiting Colletotrichum, we compared transcriptomes of C. siamense and C. nymphaeae under treatment with benzovindiflupyr and boscalid. Benzovindiflupyr exhibited higher inhibitory activity against SDH enzyme than boscalid, resulting in a greater reduction in the ATP content of Colletotrichum isolates. Most of the metabolic pathways induced in these fungicide-treated isolates were similar, indicating that benzovindiflupyr exhibited a conserved mechanism of SDHIs inhibiting Colletotrichum. At the same level of suppressive SDH activity, benzovindiflupyr activated more than three times greater gene numbers of Colletotrichum than boscalid, suggesting that benzovindiflupyr could activate distinct mechanisms against Colletotrichum. Membrane-related gene ontology terms, mainly including intrinsic components of membrane, were highly abundant for the benzovindiflupyr-treated isolates rather than boscalid-treated isolates. Only benzovindiflupyr increased the relative conductivities of hyphae, indicating that it could damage the cell membrane and increase mycelial electrolyte leakage. Thus, we proposed that the high bioactivity of benzovindiflupyr against Colletotrichum occurred by inhibiting SDH activity and damaging the cell membrane at the same time. The research improves our understanding the mode of action of SDHI fungicides against Colletotrichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Wenxu Lian
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
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19
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Xu Q, Luo C, Fu Y, Zhu F. Risk and molecular mechanisms for boscalid resistance in Penicillium digitatum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105130. [PMID: 35715068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide boscalid is an excellent broad-spectrum fungicide but has not been registered in China to control Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold of citrus. The present study evaluated the risk and molecular mechanisms for boscalid resistance in P. digitatum. Resistance induction with four arbitrarily selected sensitive isolates of P. digitatum by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on conidia plated on boscalid-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) and consecutive growing on boscalid-amended PDA produced five highly resistant isolates with EC50 values greater than 1000 μg/mL and two resistant isolates with EC50 lower than 200 μg/mL. Boscalid resistance of the five mutants with EC50 values above 1000 μg/mL was stable after successive transfers on PDA for 16 generations. However, for the other two mutants with EC50 lower than 200 μg/mL, the EC50 values decreased significantly after successive transfers. There was significant cross-resistance between boscalid and carboxin (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), but no significant cross-resistance was detected between boscalid and fludioxonil (r = 0.533,P = 0.095) or between boscalid and prochloraz (r = -0.543,P = 0.088). The seven resistant mutants varied greatly in the mycelia growth, sporulation, pathogenicity, and sensitivities to exogenous stresses including NaCl, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), and H2O2. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that there was no point mutation in the target enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) subunits SdhA, SdhC, or SdhD in each of the seven resistant mutants, and the mutation of a conserved histidine residue to tyrosine (H243Y) in the subunit SdhB (i.e., iron‑sulfur protein) occurred in only three highly resistant isolates. Molecular docking indicated that mutation H243Y could not prevent the binding of boscalid into the quinone-binding site of SDH in the presence of the heme moiety. However, for SDH without the heme moiety, boscalid could bind into a deeper site with a much higher affinity, and the mutation H243Y spatially blocked the docking of boscalid into the deeper site. This may be the molecular mechanism for boscalid resistance caused by SdhB-H243Y mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Shao W, Wang J, Wang H, Wen Z, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Fusarium graminearum FgSdhC1 point mutation A78V confers resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pydiflumetofen. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1780-1788. [PMID: 35014167 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum complex (Fg) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, pydiflumetofen, was registered for management of FHB in China in 2019. Previously, laboratory-induced pydiflumetofen-resistant (PyR) mutants of Fg have been characterized. However, resistance situation of Fg to pydiflumetofen in the field remains largely unknown. RESULTS After screening 6468 isolates of Fg from various regions of China, six PyR isolates were identified. All six resistant isolates exhibited no fitness penalties based on mycelial growth, conidiation and virulence. However, no cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and azoxystrobin, tebuconazole or fludioxonil in Fg was detected. Genome-sequencing revealed that all six PyR isolates contained a point mutation A78V in FgSdhC1 (FgSdhC1A78V ). Genetic replacement assay further confirmed that FgSdhC1A78V conferred resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen. Based on this, a mismatch allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was developed for rapidly detecting the PyR isolates containing the FgSdhC1A78V mutation in Fg. CONCLUSION This is the first time that resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen in the field was reported and point mutation FgSdhC1A78V conferring resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen was confirmed. This study provides critical information for monitoring and managing pydiflumetofen resistance in Fg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ziyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Crop Protection, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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21
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Hartmann FE. Using structural variants to understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of fungal plant pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:43-49. [PMID: 34873717 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions and translocations are commonly referred to as structural variants (SVs). Fungal plant pathogens have compact genomes, facilitating the generation of accurate maps of SVs for these species in recent studies. Structural variants have been found to constitute a significant proportion of the standing genetic variation in fungal plant pathogen populations, potentially leading to the generation of accessory genes, regions or chromosomes enriched in pathogenicity factors. Structural variants are involved in the rapid adaptation and ecological traits of pathogens, including host specialization and mating. Long-read sequencing techniques coupled with theoretical and experimental approaches have considerable potential for elucidating the phenotypic effects of SVs and deciphering the evolutionary and genomic mechanisms underlying the formation of SVs in fungal plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny E Hartmann
- Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Batiment 360, Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Orsay, 91400, France
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22
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Xu R, Zhao M, Chen Z, Gao Z, Song H, An T, Zheng S, Gu F. Degradation pathways of penthiopyrad by δ-MnO 2 mediated processes: a combined density functional theory and experimental study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1977-1985. [PMID: 34751295 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Penthiopyrad is a widely used succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide and frequently detected in natural environments. In order to better understand its fate in natural systems, the degradation of penthiopyrad by manganese dioxide (MnO2) was investigated in this study. The results show that penthiopyrad is rapidly degraded in the δ-MnO2 system. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the atoms of C18, C12, and S1 in penthiopyrad have relatively high reactive active sites. The degradation products mainly include sulfoxides, sulfones, and diketone. A sulfoxide and sulfone are formed by the oxidation of the thioether group, and diketone is formed by the oxidation of the olefin group, respectively. Based on the DFT calculations and degradation products, the degradation pathway of penthiopyrad by MnO2 is proposed. This study also reveals that the degradation of penthiopyrad by δ-MnO2 is affected by various environmental factors. A warm environment, low pH, and co-existing humic acid are beneficial to the degradation of penthiopyrad in the δ-MnO2 system, whereas, co-existing metal cations inhibit penthiopyrad degradation. This result provides theoretical guidance for predicting the potential fate of penthiopyrad in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishuang Xu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mengjiu Zhao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhengqiang Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Analysis and Testing Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haiyan Song
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shengrun Zheng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Fenglong Gu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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23
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Li S, Li X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Xu H. The research progress in and perspective of potential fungicides: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116476. [PMID: 34757244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have become one of the fastest growing classes of new fungicides since entering the market, and have attracted increasing attention as a result of their unique structure, high activity and broad fungicidal spectrum. The mechanism of SDHIs is to inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, thereby affecting mitochondrial respiration and ultimately killing pathogenic fungi. At present, they have become popular varieties researched and developed by major pesticide companies in the world. In the review, we focused on the mechanism, the history, the representative varieties, structure-activity relationship and resistance of SDHIs. Finally, the potential directions for the development of SDHIs were discussed. It is hoped that this review can strengthen the individuals' understanding of SDHIs and provide some inspiration for the development of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
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24
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Chen W, Wei L, Li X, Ma H, Lou T, Zhang P, Zheng H, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen C, Yang G. Point Mutations in FgSdhC2 or in the 5' Untranslated Region of FgSdhC1 Confer Resistance to a Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Flubeneteram in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13006-13019. [PMID: 34723519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the phytopathogenic fungi causing cereal fusarium head blight worldwide. Flubeneteram (Flu) is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) which exhibits strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum. In this study, four Flu-resistant (FluR) mutants were generated by fungicide domestication from the wildtype strain PH-1. Sequencing alignment results of FgSdh from PH-1 and FluR mutants showed that all the mutations could be categorized into three resistant genotypes. Genotype I had an A-to-T mutation at the -57 bp of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of FgSdhC1, while genotypes II and III carried nonsynonymous mutations conferring T77I or R86C in FgSdhC2, respectively. All the mutations conferring the Flu resistance and causing fitness penalty were validated. The genotype I mutant showed high Flu-resistance, while genotype II and III mutants exhibited low Flu resistance. Additionally, all the FluR genotypes showed distinct cross-resistance patterns among the five SDHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiancheng Lou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079 Hubei, China
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25
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Mello FED, Mathioni SM, Fantin LH, Rosa DD, Antunes RFD, Filho NRC, Duvaresch DL, Canteri MG. Sensitivity assessment and SDHC-I86F mutation frequency of Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations to benzovindiflupyr and fluxapyroxad fungicides from 2015 to 2019 in Brazil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4331-4339. [PMID: 33950556 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicides of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) group have been used in soybean to control Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Fungal populations with less sensitivity to SDHI fungicides have been reported since 2015. RESULTS In this study, fungal sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr (BZV) and fluxapyroxad (FXD) was assessed using a total of 770 P. pachyrhizi populations sampled over four soybean growing seasons. Cross-resistance, intrinsic activity, and frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation were also analyzed. The average effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50 ) and SDHC-I86F frequency increased over the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 soybean-seasons. Fourteen P. pachyrhizi populations had the EC50 value above 10 mg L-1 for both carboxamides. No difference was found in intrinsic active to BZV and FXD fungicides for sensitive P. pachyrhizi populations. For P. pachyrhizi classified as less sensitive BZV showed the highest fungitoxicity effect. High frequency of the C-I86F mutation was observed in samples collected in volunteer soybean plants. The maximum frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation in the population was 50% and resulting in ASR populations with low sensitivity to SDHIs. A low correlation between bioassay and SDHC-I86F mutation was observed possible due to the dikaryotic nature of rust fungi or other mutations in the other succinate dehydrogenase subunits. CONCLUSION The present work provides an overview of a large sampling size of P. pachyrhizi populations and their performance over the four crop seasons. The high frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation and low sensitivity to SDHIs are widely distributed in the main soybean growing regions in Brazil and present in volunteer plants in the soybean-free period. Further detailed studies are needed to identify novel point mutations affecting the effectiveness of SDHIs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Dias Rosa
- Fungicide Research and Development, Syngenta Crop Protection, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Fouché G, Michel T, Lalève A, Wang NX, Young DH, Meunier B, Debieu D, Fillinger S, Walker AS. Directed evolution predicts cytochrome b G37V target site modification as probable adaptive mechanism towards the QiI fungicide fenpicoxamid in Zymoseptoria tritici. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1117-1132. [PMID: 34490974 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance is a threat to antifungal efficacy in medicine and agriculture. The diversity of possible resistance mechanisms and highly adaptive traits of pathogens make it difficult to predict evolutionary outcomes of treatments. We used directed evolution as an approach to assess the resistance risk to the new fungicide fenpicoxamid in the wheat pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. Fenpicoxamid inhibits complex III of the respiratory chain at the ubiquinone reduction site (Qi site) of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b, a different site than the widely used strobilurins which inhibit the same complex at the ubiquinol oxidation site (Qo site). We identified the G37V change within the cytochrome b Qi site as the most likely resistance mechanism to be selected in Z. tritici. This change triggered high fenpicoxamid resistance and halved the enzymatic activity of cytochrome b, despite no significant penalty for in vitro growth. We identified negative cross-resistance between isolates harbouring G37V or G143A, a Qo site change previously selected by strobilurins. Double mutants were less resistant to both QiIs and quinone outside inhibitors compared to single mutants. This work is a proof of concept that experimental evolution can be used to predict adaptation to fungicides and provides new perspectives for the management of QiIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fouché
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France.,Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Anaïs Lalève
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Nick X Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - David H Young
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Danièle Debieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Sabine Fillinger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Walker
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
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27
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Wang M, Du Y, Ling C, Yang Z, Jiang B, Duan H, An J, Li X, Yang X. Design, synthesis and antifungal/anti-oomycete activity of pyrazolyl oxime ethers as novel potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3910-3920. [PMID: 33871901 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) play an increasingly important role in controlling plant diseases. However, the similar structures of SDHIs result in rapid development of cross-resistance development and a clear bottleneck of poor activity against oomycetes, therefore the need to seek new SDHI fungicides with novel structures is urgent. RESULTS Innovative pyrazolyl oxime ethers were designed by replacing amide with oxime ether based on the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) structure, and 19 pairs of Z- and E-isomers were efficiently prepared for the discovery of SDHI compounds with a novel bridge. Their biological activities against four fungi and two oomycetes were evaluated, and substantial differences were observed between the Z- and E- isomers of the title compounds. Furthermore, most of these compounds exhibited remarkable activities against Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of less than 10 mg L-1 in vitro, and bioassay in vivo further confirmed that E-I-6 exhibited good protective efficacy (76.12%) at 200 mg L-1 . In addition, Z-I-12 provided better activity against the oomycetes Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici (EC50 = 1.56 and 0.93 mg L-1 ) than those of boscalid. Moreover, E-I-12 exhibited excellent SDH inhibition (IC50 = 0.21 mg L-1 ) thanks to its good binding ability to the SDH by hydrogen-bonding interactions, π-cation interaction and hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSION Novel pyrazolyl oxime ethers have the potential as SDHI compounds for future development, and the strategy of replacing an amide bond with oxime ether may offer an alternative option in SDHI fungicide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Du
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokai Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Biaobiao Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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28
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Pereira D, Oggenfuss U, McDonald BA, Croll D. Population genomics of transposable element activation in the highly repressive genome of an agricultural pathogen. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000540. [PMID: 34424154 PMCID: PMC8549362 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of transposable elements (TEs) can be an important driver of genetic diversity with TE-mediated mutations having a wide range of fitness consequences. To avoid deleterious effects of TE activity, some fungi have evolved highly sophisticated genomic defences to reduce TE proliferation across the genome. Repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) is a fungal-specific TE defence mechanism efficiently targeting duplicated sequences. The rapid accumulation of RIPs is expected to deactivate TEs over the course of a few generations. The evolutionary dynamics of TEs at the population level in a species with highly repressive genome defences is poorly understood. Here, we analyse 366 whole-genome sequences of Parastagonospora nodorum, a fungal pathogen of wheat with efficient RIP. A global population genomics analysis revealed high levels of genetic diversity and signs of frequent sexual recombination. Contrary to expectations for a species with RIP, we identified recent TE activity in multiple populations. The TE composition and copy numbers showed little divergence among global populations regardless of the demographic history. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) and terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) were largely underlying recent intra-species TE expansions. We inferred RIP footprints in individual TE families and found that recently active, high-copy TEs have possibly evaded genomic defences. We find no evidence that recent positive selection acted on TE-mediated mutations rather that purifying selection maintained new TE insertions at low insertion frequencies in populations. Our findings highlight the complex evolutionary equilibria established by the joint action of TE activity, selection and genomic repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pereira
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Present address: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, D-24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Ursula Oggenfuss
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce A. McDonald
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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29
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Lee J, Elliott MR, Yamada T, Jung G. Field Assessment of Six Point-Mutations in SDH Subunit Genes Conferring Varying Resistance Levels to SDHIs in Clarireedia spp. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1685-1691. [PMID: 33944573 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1344-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot, caused by Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett), is the most economically important turfgrass disease causing considerable damage on golf courses. While cultural practices are available for reducing dollar spot infection, chemical fungicide use is often necessary for maintaining optimal turf quality. Since the release of boscalid in 2003, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) class has become an invaluable tool for managing dollar spot. However, resistance to this class has recently been reported in Clarireedia spp. and many other plant pathogenic fungi. After SDHI field failure on four golf courses and one university research plot, a total of six unique SDH mutations conferring differential in vitro sensitivities to SDHIs have been identified in Clarireedia spp. In 2018 and 2019, turf research plots were inoculated with sensitive, non-mutated isolates of Clarireedia spp., as well as resistant isolates harboring each unique identified mutation. Fungicide efficacy trials were conducted on inoculated plots to assess differential sensitivity to five SDHI active ingredients (boscalid, fluxapyroxad, isofetamid, fluopyram, and pydiflumetofen) across mutations under field conditions. Results indicate unique mutations are associated with distinct SDHI field efficacy profiles as shown in in-vitro sensitivity assays. Isolate populations with B subunit mutations (H267Y/R) were more sensitive to fluopyram, whereas isolate populations with C subunit mutations (C-G91R, C-G150R) showed resistance to all SDHIs tested. Mutation-associated differential sensitivity observed under field conditions indicates a need for a nation-wide survey and frequent monitoring of SDHI sensitivity of dollar spot populations on golf courses in the USA. Further, the information gained from this study will be useful in providing sustainable management recommendations for controlling site-specific resistant populations of Clarireedia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Michaela R Elliott
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0606-0808, Japan
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
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Peng J, Sang H, Proffer TJ, Gleason J, Outwater CA, Jung G, Sundin GW. A Method for the Examination of SDHI Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms in Phytopathogenic Fungi Using a Heterologous Expression System in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:819-830. [PMID: 33141650 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0421-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a class of broad-spectrum fungicides used for management of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In many cases, reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides has been correlated with point mutations in the SdhB and SdhC target genes that encode components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. However, the genetic basis of SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms has been functionally characterized in very few fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a fast-growing and SDHI fungicide-sensitive phytopathogenic fungus that can be conveniently transformed. Given the high amino acid sequence similarity and putative structural similarity of SDHI protein target sites between S. sclerotiorum and other common phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi, we developed an in vitro heterologous expression system that used S. sclerotiorum as a reporter strain. With this system, we were able to demonstrate the function of mutant SdhB or SdhC alleles from several ascomycete fungi in conferring resistance to multiple SDHI fungicides. In total, we successfully validated the function of Sdh alleles that had been previously identified in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea, Blumeriella jaapii, and Clarireedia jacksonii (formerly S. homoeocarpa) in conferring resistance to boscalid, fluopyram, or fluxapyroxad and used site-directed mutagenesis to construct and phenotype a mutant allele that is not yet known to exist in Monilinia fructicola populations. We also examined the functions of these alleles in conferring cross-resistance to more recently introduced SDHIs including inpyrfluxam, pydiflumetofen, and pyraziflumid. The approach developed in this study can be widely applied to interrogate SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms in other phytopathogenic ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Peng
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tyre J Proffer
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Jacqueline Gleason
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Cory A Outwater
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Structural Investigation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Strobilurin-Based Fungicides Active against the Rice Blast Pathogen Pyricularia oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073731. [PMID: 33918510 PMCID: PMC8038316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens requires urgent solutions for crop disease management. Here, we describe a structural investigation of new fungicides obtained by combining strobilurin and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pharmacophores. We identified compounds endowed with very good activity against wild-type Pyricularia oryzae, combined in some cases with promising activity against strobilurin-resistant strains. The first three-dimensional model of P. oryzae cytochrome bc1 complex containing azoxystrobin as a ligand was developed. The model was validated with a set of commercially available strobilurins, and it well explains both the resistance mechanism to strobilurins mediated by the mutation G143A and the activity of metyltetraprole against strobilurin-resistant strains. The obtained results shed light on the key recognition determinants of strobilurin-like derivatives in the cytochrome bc1 active site and will guide the further rational design of new fungicides able to overcome resistance caused by G143A mutation in the rice blast pathogen.
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Lee J, Elliott MR, Kim M, Yamada T, Jung G. A Rapid Molecular Detection System for SdhB and SdhC Point Mutations Conferring Differential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Resistance in Clarireedia Populations. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:660-666. [PMID: 32757732 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0724-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot, caused by the ascomycete fungus Clarireedia (formerly Sclerotinia), is one of the most resource-demanding diseases on amenity turfgrasses in North America. Differential resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide class, conferred by singular point mutations on the SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme (SDH), has been reported in dollar spot as well as many other plant-pathogenic fungal diseases. Four unique mutations were previously reported from Clarireedia field isolates collected from two different cool-season golf courses in Japan and Rhode Island: an amino acid substitution H267Y and a silent mutation (CTT to CTC) at codon 181 on the SdhB subunit gene, and amino acid substitutions G91R and G150R on the SdhC subunit gene. To properly diagnose and monitor SDHI resistance in the field, a rapid detection system for known mutations is crucial. As part of this study, additional SDHI-resistant Clarireedia isolates were collected from Rutgers University research plots and in vitro sensitivity to four SDHI active ingredients was assessed. SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD subunits of these isolates were sequenced to reveal an additional mutation on the SdhB subunit gene, H267R, not previously observed in Clarireedia. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and derived CAPS molecular markers were developed to detect five mutations conferring SDHI resistance in Clarireedia isolates and validated using samples from two additional golf courses in Connecticut and Wisconsin experiencing SDHI field failure. This PCR-based molecular detection system will be useful for continued monitoring, assessment, and delay of SDHI resistance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Michaela R Elliott
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0606-0808, Japan
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
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Standish JR, Brenneman TB, Bock CH, Stevenson KL. Fungicide Resistance in Venturia effusa, Cause of Pecan Scab: Current Status and Practical Implications. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:244-252. [PMID: 33151825 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0221-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pecan scab, caused by Venturia effusa, is the most economically damaging disease of pecan in the southeastern United States, and annual epidemics are most effectively managed through multiple fungicide applications. The fungicide applications can be the single greatest operating cost for commercial growers and the return on that investment is impacted by fungicide resistance. V. effusa produces multiple generations of conidia per season, exhibits substantial genetic diversity, overwinters as stromata in the tree, and is under immense selection from the applied fungicides, all of which lead to a high risk for developing fungicide resistance. Since the mid-1970s, resistance or reduced sensitivity has been observed in isolates of V. effusa to the methyl benzimidazole carbamates, demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, organotin compounds, and the guanidines. Over the last 10 years, several studies have been conducted that have improved both scab management and fungicide resistance management in V. effusa. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in our understanding of fungicide resistance in V. effusa in the context of scab management in southeastern pecan orchards. The history, modes of action, general use of the labeled fungicides, and mechanisms and stability of fungicide resistance in V. effusa are discussed; conclusions and future research priorities are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Standish
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - T B Brenneman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - C H Bock
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA 31008
| | - K L Stevenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
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Singh NK, Dutta A, Puccetti G, Croll D. Tackling microbial threats in agriculture with integrative imaging and computational approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:372-383. [PMID: 33489007 PMCID: PMC7787954 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and pests are one of the major threats to agricultural productivity worldwide. For decades, targeted resistance breeding was used to create crop cultivars that resist pathogens and environmental stress while retaining yields. The often decade-long process of crossing, selection, and field trials to create a new cultivar is challenged by the rapid rise of pathogens overcoming resistance. Similarly, antimicrobial compounds can rapidly lose efficacy due to resistance evolution. Here, we review three major areas where computational, imaging and experimental approaches are revolutionizing the management of pathogen damage on crops. Recognizing and scoring plant diseases have dramatically improved through high-throughput imaging techniques applicable both under well-controlled greenhouse conditions and directly in the field. However, computer vision of complex disease phenotypes will require significant improvements. In parallel, experimental setups similar to high-throughput drug discovery screens make it possible to screen thousands of pathogen strains for variation in resistance and other relevant phenotypic traits. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence can capture rich phenotypic information across pathogen genotypes. Through genome-wide association mapping approaches, phenotypic data helps to unravel the genetic architecture of stress- and virulence-related traits accelerating resistance breeding. Finally, joint, large-scale screenings of trait variation in crops and pathogens can yield fundamental insights into how pathogens face trade-offs in the adaptation to resistant crop varieties. We discuss how future implementations of such innovative approaches in breeding and pathogen screening can lead to more durable disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anik Dutta
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Puccetti
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Platel R, Chaveriat L, Le Guenic S, Pipeleers R, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Trapet P, Lequart V, Joly N, Halama P, Martin P, Höfte M, Reignault P, Siah A. Importance of the C 12 Carbon Chain in the Biological Activity of Rhamnolipids Conferring Protection in Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010040. [PMID: 33374771 PMCID: PMC7796335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici blotch, is currently the most devastating foliar disease on wheat crops worldwide. Here, we explored, for the first time, the ability of rhamnolipids (RLs) to control this pathogen, using a total of 19 RLs, including a natural RL mixture produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 bioinspired RLs synthesized using green chemistry, as well as two related compounds (lauric acid and dodecanol). These compounds were assessed for in vitro antifungal effect, in planta defence elicitation (peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities), and protection efficacy on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem. Interestingly, a structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that synthetic RLs with a 12 carbon fatty acid tail were the most effective for all examined biological activities. This highlights the importance of the C12 chain in the bioactivity of RLs, likely by acting on the plasma membranes of both wheat and Z. tritici cells. The efficacy of the most active compound Rh-Est-C12 was 20-fold lower in planta than in vitro; an optimization of the formulation is thus required to increase its effectiveness. No Z. tritici strain-dependent activity was scored for Rh-Est-C12 that exhibited similar antifungal activity levels towards strains differing in their resistance patterns to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, including multi-drug resistance strains. This study reports new insights into the use of bio-inspired RLs to control Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Platel
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, University Artois, ULCO, 48, Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille CEDEX, France; (R.P.); (P.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Ludovic Chaveriat
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, University Artois, UniLasalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (L.C.); (S.L.G.); (V.L.); (N.J.); (P.M.)
| | - Sarah Le Guenic
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, University Artois, UniLasalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (L.C.); (S.L.G.); (V.L.); (N.J.); (P.M.)
| | - Rutger Pipeleers
- Lab. Phytopathology, Department Plants & Crops, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CS 80699, F-62228 Calais CEDEX, France; (M.M.-R.); (B.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CS 80699, F-62228 Calais CEDEX, France; (M.M.-R.); (B.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Pauline Trapet
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, University Artois, ULCO, 48, Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille CEDEX, France; (R.P.); (P.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Vincent Lequart
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, University Artois, UniLasalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (L.C.); (S.L.G.); (V.L.); (N.J.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Joly
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, University Artois, UniLasalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (L.C.); (S.L.G.); (V.L.); (N.J.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrice Halama
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, University Artois, ULCO, 48, Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille CEDEX, France; (R.P.); (P.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Patrick Martin
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, University Artois, UniLasalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (L.C.); (S.L.G.); (V.L.); (N.J.); (P.M.)
| | - Monica Höfte
- Lab. Phytopathology, Department Plants & Crops, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Philippe Reignault
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CS 80699, F-62228 Calais CEDEX, France; (M.M.-R.); (B.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Ali Siah
- Joint Research Unit N° 1158 BioEcoAgro, Junia, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, University Artois, ULCO, 48, Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille CEDEX, France; (R.P.); (P.T.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-28-38-48-48
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Desbordes P, Essigmann B, Gary S, Gutbrod O, Maue M, Schwarz H. Isoflucypram, the first representative of a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide subclass: Its chemical discovery and unusual binding mode. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3340-3347. [PMID: 32506626 PMCID: PMC7540001 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have played a crucial role in disease control to protect cereals as well as fruit and vegetables for more than a decade. Isoflucypram, the first representative of a newly installed subclass of SDHIs inside the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) family of complex II inhibitors, offers unparalleled long-lasting efficacy against major foliar diseases in cereals. Herein we report the chemical optimization from early discovery towards isoflucypram and the first hypothesis of its altered binding mode in the ubiquinone binding site of succinate dehydrogenase. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Miyamoto T, Hayashi K, Okada R, Wari D, Ogawara T. Resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors in field isolates of Podosphaera xanthii on cucumber: Monitoring, cross-resistance patterns and molecular characterization. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104646. [PMID: 32828365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs), isopyrazam, pyraziflumid and isofetamid were introduced in the Japanese market in 2017-2018 to control powdery mildew on cucumber. SDHI resistance of the disease fungus (Podosphaera xanthii) was first reported during 2008-2009 against boscalid. Then, penthiopyrad which belongs to SDHIs was introduced in 2010, but subsequent monitoring study was not performed. We investigated the sensitivity of P. xanthii field isolates from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, to SDHIs and SdhB, SdhC and SdhD gene mutations, using a leaf disc assay and SDH gene analysis. A total of 19 out of the 22 selected isolates showed resistance to SDHIs. The 19 isolates were phenotypically categorized into three types: Resistant I as moderately and Resistant II as highly resistant to penthiopyrad, isopyrazam and pyraziflumid but sensitive to isofetamid and Resistant III as highly resistant to isofetamid but sensitive to the other three SDHIs. SDH gene analysis revealed that Resistant I and III isolates carried a substitution in PxD-S121P and PxC-A86V, respectively. Resistant II carried three different substitutions: PxC-G151R, PxC-G172D, and PxD-H137R. Among 127 isolates sampled from 16 cucumber greenhouses, 54 exhibited Resistant I phenotype and carried only PxD-S121P. Fifty-six isolates exhibited Resistant II and carried PxC-G151R (four isolates), PxC-G172D (24), and PxD-H137R (28). Only two isolates expressed the Resistant III phenotype carrying PxC-A86V. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating cross-resistance patterns and the molecular characterization of SDHIs in P. xanthii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyamoto
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Centre, 3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 312-0292, Japan.
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Centre, 3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 312-0292, Japan.
| | - Ryo Okada
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Centre, 3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 312-0292, Japan.
| | - David Wari
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Centre, 3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 312-0292, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ogawara
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Centre, 3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 312-0292, Japan.
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Lammari HI, Rehfus A, Stammler G, Benslimane H. Sensitivity of the Pyrenophora teres Population in Algeria to Quinone outside Inhibitors, Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Demethylation Inhibitors. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:218-230. [PMID: 32547338 PMCID: PMC7272849 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2019.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Net blotch of barley caused by Pyrenophora teres (Died.) Drechsler, is one of the most destructive diseases on barley in Algeria. It occurs in two forms: P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata. A total of 212 isolates, obtained from 58 fields sampled in several barley growing areas, were assessed for fungicide sensitivity by target gene analysis. F129L and G137R mitochondrial cytochrome b substitution associated with quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) resistance, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) related mutations (B-H277, C-N75S, C-G79R, C-H134R, and C-S135R), were analyzed by pyrosequencing. In vitro sensitivity of 45 isolates, towards six fungicides belonging to three chemical groups (QoI, demethylase inhibitor, and SDHI) was tested by microtiter technique. Additionally, sensitivity towards three fungicides (azoxystrobin, fluxapyroxad, and epoxiconazole) was assessed in planta under glasshouse conditions. All tested isolates were QoI-sensitive and SDHI-sensitive, no mutation that confers resistance was identified. EC50 values showed that pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin are the most efficient fungicides in vitro, whereas fluxapyroxad displayed the best disease inhibition in planta (81% inhibition at 1/9 of the full dose). The EC50 values recorded for each form of net blotch showed no significant difference in efficiency of QoI treatments and propiconazole on each form. However, in the case of fluxapyroxad, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole treatments, analysis showed significant differences in their efficiency. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation related to mutations associated to QoI and SDHI fungicide resistance in Algerian P. teres population, as well as it is the first evaluation of the sensitivity of P. teres population towards these six fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamama-Imène Lammari
- Phytopathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, National High College of Agriculture, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Gerd Stammler
- BASF SE, Agricultural Centre, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Hamida Benslimane
- Integrative Improvement of Crop Production Laboratory (Amélioration Intégrative des Productions Végétales), Department of Botany, National High College of Agriculture, Algiers C2711100, Algeria
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Meyer V, Basenko EY, Benz JP, Braus GH, Caddick MX, Csukai M, de Vries RP, Endy D, Frisvad JC, Gunde-Cimerman N, Haarmann T, Hadar Y, Hansen K, Johnson RI, Keller NP, Kraševec N, Mortensen UH, Perez R, Ram AFJ, Record E, Ross P, Shapaval V, Steiniger C, van den Brink H, van Munster J, Yarden O, Wösten HAB. Growing a circular economy with fungal biotechnology: a white paper. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2020; 7:5. [PMID: 32280481 PMCID: PMC7140391 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-020-00095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have the ability to transform organic materials into a rich and diverse set of useful products and provide distinct opportunities for tackling the urgent challenges before all humans. Fungal biotechnology can advance the transition from our petroleum-based economy into a bio-based circular economy and has the ability to sustainably produce resilient sources of food, feed, chemicals, fuels, textiles, and materials for construction, automotive and transportation industries, for furniture and beyond. Fungal biotechnology offers solutions for securing, stabilizing and enhancing the food supply for a growing human population, while simultaneously lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Fungal biotechnology has, thus, the potential to make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation and meeting the United Nation’s sustainable development goals through the rational improvement of new and established fungal cell factories. The White Paper presented here is the result of the 2nd Think Tank meeting held by the EUROFUNG consortium in Berlin in October 2019. This paper highlights discussions on current opportunities and research challenges in fungal biotechnology and aims to inform scientists, educators, the general public, industrial stakeholders and policymakers about the current fungal biotech revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Meyer
- 1Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelina Y Basenko
- 2Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Philipp Benz
- 3TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Holzforschung München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- 4Department of Molecular Microbiology & Genetics, Institute of Microbiology & Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark X Caddick
- 2Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Csukai
- 5Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- 6Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Drew Endy
- 7Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- 8Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- 9Department Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Yitzhak Hadar
- 11Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kim Hansen
- 12Biotechnology Research, Production Strain Technology, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Robert I Johnson
- 13Quorn Foods, Station Road, Stokesley, North Yorkshire TS9 7AB UK
| | - Nancy P Keller
- 14Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 USA
| | - Nada Kraševec
- 15Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uffe H Mortensen
- 8Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rolando Perez
- 7Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Arthur F J Ram
- 16Institute of Biology Leiden, Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Record
- 17French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Phil Ross
- MycoWorks, Inc, 669 Grand View Avenue, San Francisco, USA
| | - Volha Shapaval
- 19Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Droebakveien, 31 1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Charlotte Steiniger
- 1Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jolanda van Munster
- 21The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Oded Yarden
- 11Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Han A B Wösten
- 22Department of Biology, Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Badet T, Oggenfuss U, Abraham L, McDonald BA, Croll D. A 19-isolate reference-quality global pangenome for the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. BMC Biol 2020; 18:12. [PMID: 32046716 PMCID: PMC7014611 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene content of a species largely governs its ecological interactions and adaptive potential. A species is therefore defined by both core genes shared between all individuals and accessory genes segregating presence-absence variation. There is growing evidence that eukaryotes, similar to bacteria, show intra-specific variability in gene content. However, it remains largely unknown how functionally relevant such a pangenome structure is for eukaryotes and what mechanisms underlie the emergence of highly polymorphic genome structures. RESULTS Here, we establish a reference-quality pangenome of a fungal pathogen of wheat based on 19 complete genomes from isolates sampled across six continents. Zymoseptoria tritici causes substantial worldwide losses to wheat production due to rapidly evolved tolerance to fungicides and evasion of host resistance. We performed transcriptome-assisted annotations of each genome to construct a global pangenome. Major chromosomal rearrangements are segregating within the species and underlie extensive gene presence-absence variation. Conserved orthogroups account for only ~ 60% of the species pangenome. Investigating gene functions, we find that the accessory genome is enriched for pathogenesis-related functions and encodes genes involved in metabolite production, host tissue degradation and manipulation of the immune system. De novo transposon annotation of the 19 complete genomes shows that the highly diverse chromosomal structure is tightly associated with transposable element content. Furthermore, transposable element expansions likely underlie recent genome expansions within the species. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work establishes a highly complex eukaryotic pangenome providing an unprecedented toolbox to study how pangenome structure impacts crop-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Oggenfuss
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Leen Abraham
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce A McDonald
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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