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Lan J, Luo R, Liu D, Qi C, Song X, Lu Z, Huang R, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Qiu HJ. A novel high-throughput screen identifies phenazine-1-carboxylic acid as an inhibitor of African swine fever virus replication in primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Vet Res 2025; 56:37. [PMID: 39923101 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-025-01467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2025] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), has resulted in significant economic impacts on the global swine industry. Currently, there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine available for ASFV. Thus, the development of effective and readily available therapeutics for ASF is urgently needed. To conduct high-throughput screening (HTS) for anti-ASFV drugs, we initially developed a recombinant dual-reporter virus (rASFV-Gluc/EGFP) using the virulent strain ASFV HLJ/18 (ASFV-WT). The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)- and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc)-encoding genes were incorporated downstream of the ASFV MGF300-4L gene without disrupting viral genes. The growth kinetics, hemadsorption, and transmission electron microscopy analysis of rASFV-Gluc/EGFP in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) revealed that rASFV-Gluc/EGFP exhibits similar biological characteristics to ASFV-WT. Furthermore, analysis of Gluc activities, fluorescence, and next-generation sequencing indicated that rASFV-Gluc/EGFP maintains good genetic stability after 20 consecutive passages in PAMs. Using the HTS platform established with rASFV-Gluc/EGFP, we screened and identified phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as an effective inhibitor of ASFV replication from 246 small molecule compounds in PAMs. Importantly, PCA was found to reduce ASFV replication by as much as 100-fold at a concentration of 25 μM. Overall, this study suggests that rASFV-Gluc/EGFP is suitable for rapid screening of anti-ASFV drugs. Importantly, we showed that PCA has significant anti-ASFV activity in PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Ruojia Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
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Chaudhari J, Lai DC, Vu HLX. African swine fever viral proteins that inhibit cGAS-STING pathway and type-I interferon production. Virology 2025; 602:110317. [PMID: 39616703 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of a lethal disease in pigs. Highly virulent strains of ASFV are known to suppress the induction of type I interferons (IFNs), while naturally attenuated strains do not exhibit this capability. Thus, the ability to suppress IFN is assumed to be associated with viral virulence. ASFV genome encodes many proteins capable of disrupting crucial components of host immune response pathways. Notably, these viral proteins interfere with the induction of type I IFNs by targeting various steps of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Additionally, certain viral proteins impede the expression of interferon-stimulated genes by interfering with the JAK-STAT pathway. Consequently, ASFV proteins hamper both IFN production and the induction of antiviral responses by IFNs. This review article summarizes the viral proteins responsible for suppressing various steps of the cGAS-STING and JAK-STAT signaling pathways and discusses the potential application of this knowledge to the rational design of a live-attenuated ASFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeshbhai Chaudhari
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Danh C Lai
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hiep L X Vu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Huang J, Wu H, Gao T, Zhai H, Moon A, Song X, Li S, Lu Z, Lan J, Zhong D, Zhang X, Qiu HJ, Li Y, Sun Y. A Pool of Bacterium-like Particles Displaying African Swine Fever Virus Antigens Induces Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 39852784 PMCID: PMC11769380 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. This underscores the urgent need for safe and effective ASF vaccines. METHODS Here, we constructed five bacterium-like particles (BLPs) that each display one of the five ASFV antigens (F317L, H171R, D117L, B602L, and p54) based on the Gram-positive enhancer matrix-protein anchor (GEM-PA) system. GEM is a bacterial particle that contains only peptidoglycan, while PA is composed of three lysin motifs (Lysm) derived from the C-terminus of the AcmA protein, capable of non-covalently binding to GEM. By fusing the ASFV antigens with PA, the ASFV antigens can be firmly attached to the surface of GEM. Subsequently, the piglets were immunized via intramuscular injection with a mixture of BLPs-F317L, BLPs-H171R, BLPs-D117L, BLPs-B602L, and BLPs-p54. RESULTS The results showed that the piglets developed detectable serum IgG antibodies 2 weeks after the first immunization, and these high antibody levels were maintained 4 weeks after the booster immunization. Moreover, these piglets produced more IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes than the control piglets. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that the generated BLPs mixture can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses in piglets, these five ASFV proteins are promising antigens, and the BLPs generated represent candidate ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Tianqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Assad Moon
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Shuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Dailang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (J.H.); (H.W.); (T.G.); (H.Z.); (A.M.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (D.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.-J.Q.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Gallardo C, Mészáros I, Soler A, Fernandez-Pinero J, van den Born E, Simón A, Casado N, Nieto R, Perez C, Aldea I, Lopez-Chavarrias V, Göltl E, Olasz F, Magyar T, Zádori Z, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Arias M. Double Deletion of EP402R and EP153R in the Attenuated Lv17/WB/Rie1 African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Enhances Safety, Provides DIVA Compatibility, and Confers Complete Protection Against a Genotype II Virulent Strain. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1406. [PMID: 39772067 PMCID: PMC11680264 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a devastating disease affecting domestic and wild suids and causing significant economic losses in the global pig industry. Attenuated modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are the most promising approaches for vaccine development. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of four recombinant ASFV genotype II strains, derived from the non-hemadsorbing (non-HAD) attenuated isolate Lv17/WB/Rie1, through the single or simultaneous deletion of virulence-associated genes. Methods: Recombinant viruses were engineered by deleting the UK, EP402R, and EP153R genes, either individually or in combination. Four recombinant strains were evaluated for safety and efficacy in domestic pigs vaccinated intramuscularly with 102 TCID₅₀. Clinical signs, viremia, virus shedding, and antibody responses were monitored. Protection efficacy was assessed by challenging vaccinated pigs with the virulent genotype II Armenia07 strain. Additionally, a reversion-to-virulence study involving an overdose of the vaccine candidate was conducted to evaluate its stability through serial immunizations. Results: Deletion of the UK gene alone increased virulence, whereas the double deletion of EP402R and EP153R (Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD) significantly enhanced safety while maintaining full protective efficacy. Vaccinated pigs exhibited reduced viremia, no virus shedding, and robust virus-specific antibody responses, achieving complete protection against Armenia07. The reversion-to-virulence study revealed potential but limited pathogenicity after multiple passages, indicating areas for improvement in vaccine stability. Conclusions: The Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD strain demonstrates excellent safety and efficacy, along with potential DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) compatibility, positioning it as a strong candidate for an ASFV MLV vaccine. Further research is needed to refine the vaccine and address the potential risks of reversion to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Gallardo
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - István Mészáros
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (E.G.); (F.O.); (T.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Alejandro Soler
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Jovita Fernandez-Pinero
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Alicia Simón
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Nadia Casado
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Raquel Nieto
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Covadonga Perez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Irene Aldea
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (V.L.-C.)
| | - Vicente Lopez-Chavarrias
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (V.L.-C.)
| | - Eszter Göltl
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (E.G.); (F.O.); (T.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (E.G.); (F.O.); (T.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tibor Magyar
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (E.G.); (F.O.); (T.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (E.G.); (F.O.); (T.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | | | - Marisa Arias
- European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (J.F.-P.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (R.N.); (C.P.); (M.A.)
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Wang T, Luo R, Zhang J, Lan J, Lu Z, Zhai H, Li LF, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The African swine fever virus MGF300-4L protein is associated with viral pathogenicity by promoting the autophagic degradation of IKK β and increasing the stability of I κB α. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2333381. [PMID: 38501350 PMCID: PMC11018083 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2333381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, often fatal viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which imposes a substantial economic burden on the global pig industry. When screening for the virus replication-regulating genes in the left variable region of the ASFV genome, we observed a notable reduction in ASFV replication following the deletion of the MGF300-4L gene. However, the role of MGF300-4L in ASFV infection remains unexplored. In this study, we found that MGF300-4L could effectively inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, which are regulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MGF300-4L interacts with IKKβ and promotes its lysosomal degradation via the chaperone-mediated autophagy. Meanwhile, the interaction between MGF300-4L and IκBα competitively inhibits the binding of the E3 ligase β-TrCP to IκBα, thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of IκBα. Remarkably, although ASFV encodes other inhibitors of NF-κB, the MGF300-4L gene-deleted ASFV (Del4L) showed reduced virulence in pigs, indicating that MGF300-4L plays a critical role in ASFV pathogenicity. Importantly, the attenuation of Del4L was associated with a significant increase in the production of IL-1β and TNF-α early in the infection of pigs. Our findings provide insights into the functions of MGF300-4L in ASFV pathogenicity, suggesting that MGF300-4L could be a promising target for developing novel strategies and live attenuated vaccines against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Li J, Cao H, Li LF, Dai J, Cao M, Deng H, Zhong D, Luo Y, Li Y, Li M, Peng D, Sun Z, Gao X, Moon A, Tang L, Sun Y, Li S, Qiu HJ. African swine fever virus modulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress-ATF6-calcium axis to facilitate viral replication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2399945. [PMID: 39230190 PMCID: PMC11441038 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2399945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which threatens the global pig industry. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional signaling organelle in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis, processing, posttranslational modification and quality control. As intracellular parasitic organisms, viruses have evolved several strategies to modulate ER functions to favor their life cycles. We have previously demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes associated with unfolded protein response (UPR), which represents a response to ER stress, are significantly enriched upon ASFV infection. However, the correlation between the ER stress or UPR and ASFV replication has not been illuminated yet. Here, we demonstrated that ASFV infection induces ER stress both in target cells and in vivo, and subsequently activates the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) branch of the UPR to facilitate viral replication. Mechanistically, ASFV infection disrupts intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, while the ATF6 pathway facilitates ASFV replication by increasing the cytoplasmic Ca2+ level. More specifically, we demonstrated that ASFV infection triggers ER-dependent Ca2+ release via the inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) channel. Notably, we showed that the ASFV B117L protein plays crucial roles in ER stress and the downstream activation of the ATF6 branch, as well as the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our findings reveal for the first time that ASFV modulates the ER stress-ATF6-Ca2+ axis to facilitate viral replication, which provides novel insights into the development of antiviral strategies for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dailang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingkun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Assad Moon
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Fan J, Yu H, Miao F, Ke J, Hu R. Attenuated African swine fever viruses and the live vaccine candidates: a comprehensive review. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0319923. [PMID: 39377589 PMCID: PMC11537121 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03199-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is spreading worldwide and causing huge economic losses to the global pig industry. The ASFV genome is 170-193 kb in length, contains approximately 150 open reading frames, and encodes more than 200 proteins, most of which have unknown functions. Owing to the unique viral structure, replication strategy, large number of genes of unknown function, and complicated pathogenesis, vaccine development research is challenging. Several naturally attenuated ASFV isolates have been extensively investigated and many genetically manipulated, gene-deleted, and cell-adapted ASFVs have been reported. Currently, live attenuated viruses prepared from weakly virulent strains are an efficient method to provide effective protection in vaccinated pigs; however, these have seldom been widely approved for vaccine use, except in Vietnam. Herein, we summarize the attenuated isolates or vaccine candidates for live vaccines derived from different sources, including naturally mutated, attenuated, cell-adapted, and genetically modified recombinant ASFVs. This will help to understand the gene function and immunogenicity of attenuated live ASFV, as well as the shortcomings of these viruses as vaccine candidates, and provide clues to prepare live, efficient, and safe vaccines for African swine fever.IMPORTANCEOutbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) have caused devastating losses to the global pig industry. Pigs immunized with ASFV attenuated virus can resist the lethal challenge of a strongly virulent virus. Here, we summarize the virulence of naturally mutated, cell-adapted, and genetically recombinant ASFV for pigs, and the protective effect after facing an attack challenge. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of ASFV attenuated viruses as vaccine candidates to provide clues for the preparation of efficient and safe live African swine fever vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Faming Miao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junnan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Huang K, Shi Y, Lin J, Qin C, Qin C, Lu X, Lan C. Mechanism research of Tollip negative feedback regulation in TLR4 signaling pathways based on spinal tuberculosis: Detection of Tollip and NF-κB expression levels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136458. [PMID: 39389477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB, or TB) strains has led to an increasing incidence of TB. Spinal tuberculosis is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In the present study, tollip, a negative feedback regulatory factor in TLR4 signaling pathway was chosen based on previous studies on osteoarticular tuberculosis. U937 cells were transfected with recombinant lentivirus containing shRNA (RNA interference, RNAi) or overexpression vector containing Tollip gene and tested in vitro. The expression levels of Tollip and TLR4 were detected by Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence techniques, and the cell morphology and infection effect were observed by DAPI staining. The results suggested that Tollip gene could negatively inhibit the expression of related factors in TLR4 signaling pathway, and thus is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chengyi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Changshuai Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xianzhe Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Changgong Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, Guangxi Province, China.
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9
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Gao C, Huang Z, You J, Zhang W, Tang S, Gong L, Zhang G. Identification of a novel B cell epitope of ASFV pCP312R recognized using a monoclonal antibody. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110247. [PMID: 39241537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and devastating infectious disease that has caused significant economic losses to the global pig industry since it was first discovered and reported. African swine fever virus (ASFV) has a large genome encoding more than 160 proteins. The biological characteristics and functions of its various proteins still remain unclear; therefore, the efficacy of specific drugs and vaccines against ASFV remains limited. ASFV pCP312R is an important ASFV protein that exhibits good immunogenicity. In this study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting pCP312R were successfully prepared. Confocal microscopy observations showed that pCP312R was located in the viral factory at the late stage of ASFV infection, and was co-located with p30 and pK205R. These results suggested that pCP312R might be involved in ASFV assembly. Neutralization tests revealed that pCP312R mAb could not neutralize ASFV. Next, we identified the B cell epitopes of one of the most immunogenic mAbs and found a novel epitope of pCP312R, 72TIPPSTDEEVIR83, which was conserved in different pCP312R strains. Overall, five ASFV pCP312R monoclonal antibodies were prepared, and the antigenic epitope of one strain was identified in this study, laying a foundation for further studies on ASFV pCP312R function and facilitating serological diagnosis vaccine development for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in the Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyi You
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - WenBo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in the Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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10
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Luo R, Wang T, Lan J, Lu Z, Chen S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The multifaceted roles of selective autophagy receptors in viral infections. J Virol 2024; 98:e0081424. [PMID: 39212450 PMCID: PMC11494948 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00814-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a protein clearance mechanism mediated by evolutionarily conserved selective autophagy receptors (SARs), which specifically degrades misfolded, misassembled, or metabolically regulated proteins. SARs help the host to suppress viral infections by degrading viral proteins. However, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract, evade, or co-opt autophagic processes, thereby facilitating viral replication. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the complex mechanisms of SARs involved in viral infections, specifically focusing on how viruses exploit strategies to regulate selective autophagy. We present an updated understanding of the various critical roles of SARs in viral pathogenesis. Furthermore, newly discovered evasion strategies employed by viruses are discussed and the ubiquitination-autophagy-innate immune regulatory axis is proposed to be a crucial pathway to control viral infections. This review highlights the remarkable flexibility and plasticity of SARs in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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11
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Venkateswaran D, Prakash A, Nguyen QA, Salman M, Suntisukwattana R, Atthaapa W, Tantituvanont A, Lin H, Songkasupa T, Nilubol D. Comprehensive Characterization of the Genetic Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus: Insights into Infection Dynamics, Immunomodulation, Virulence and Genes with Unknown Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2187. [PMID: 39123713 PMCID: PMC11311002 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious hemorrhagic viral disease affecting the swine population. The causative agent is African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). There is no treatment or commercial vaccine available at present. This virus poses a significant threat to the global swine industry and economy, with 100% mortality rate in acute cases. ASFV transmission occurs through both direct and indirect contact, with control measures limited to early detection, isolation, and culling of infected pigs. ASFV exhibits a complex genomic structure and encodes for more than 50 structural and 100 non-structural proteins and has 150 to 167 open reading frames (ORFs). While many of the proteins are non-essential for viral replication, they play crucial roles in mediating with the host to ensure longevity and transmission of virus in the host. The dynamic nature of ASFV research necessitates constant updates, with ongoing exploration of various genes and their functions, vaccine development, and other ASF-related domains. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the structural and functional roles of both newly discovered and previously recorded genes involved in distinct stages of ASFV infection and immunomodulation. Additionally, the review discusses the virulence genes and genes with unknown functions, and proposes future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhithya Venkateswaran
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anwesha Prakash
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roypim Suntisukwattana
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranya Atthaapa
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Industrial Pharmacies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hongyao Lin
- MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd., Singapore 718847, Singapore
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, 50/2 Kasetklang, Phahonyothin 45-15, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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12
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Zhang SJ, Niu B, Liu SM, Zhu YM, Zhao DM, Bu ZG, Hua RH. Identification of Two Linear Epitopes on MGF_110-13L Protein of African Swine Fever Virus with Monoclonal Antibodies. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1951. [PMID: 38998063 PMCID: PMC11240426 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute, highly contagious swine disease with high mortality. To facilitate effective vaccine development and find more serodiagnostic targets, fully exploring the ASFV antigenic proteins is urgently needed. In this study, the MGF_110-13L was identified as an immunodominant antigen among the seven transmembrane proteins. The main outer-membrane domain of MGF_110-13L was expressed and purified. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 8C3, and 10E4) against MGF_110-13L were generated. The epitopes of two mAbs were preliminary mapped with the peptide fusion proteins after probing with mAbs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. And the two target epitopes were fine-mapped using further truncated peptide fusion protein strategy. Finally, the core sequences of mAbs 8C3 and 10E4 were identified as 48WDCQDGICKNKITESRFIDS67, and 122GDHQQLSIKQ131, respectively. The peptides of epitopes were synthesized and probed with ASFV antibody positive pig sera by a dot blot assay, and the results showed that epitope 10E4 was an antigenic epitope. The epitope 10E4 peptide was further evaluated as a potential antigen for detecting ASFV antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antigenic epitope information on the antigenic MGF_110-13L protein of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Bei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shi-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuan-Mao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Lu Z, Luo R, Lan J, Chen S, Qiu HJ, Wang T, Sun Y. The MGF300-2R Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Promotes IKKβ Ubiquitination by Recruiting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21. Viruses 2024; 16:949. [PMID: 38932241 PMCID: PMC11209375 DOI: 10.3390/v16060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, highly contagious disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Our previous study identified that the ASFV MGF300-2R protein functions as a virulence factor and found that MGF300-2R degrades IKKβ via selective autophagy. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for IKKβ ubiquitination during autophagic degradation still remains unknown. In order to solve this problem, we first pulled down 328 proteins interacting with MGF300-2R through immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry. Next, we analyzed and confirmed the interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 and MGF300-2R and demonstrated the catalytic role of TRIM21 in IKKβ ubiquitination. Finally, we indicated that the degradation of IKKβ by MGF300-2R was dependent on TRIM21. In summary, our results indicate TRIM21 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the degradation of IKKβ by MGF300-2R, thereby augmenting our understanding of the functions of MGF300-2R and offering insights into the rational design of live attenuated vaccines and antiviral strategies against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Shengmei Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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14
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Chen S, Wang T, Luo R, Lu Z, Lan J, Sun Y, Fu Q, Qiu HJ. Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:913. [PMID: 38932205 PMCID: PMC11209373 DOI: 10.3390/v16060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars. It typically presents as a hemorrhagic fever but can also manifest in various forms, ranging from acute to asymptomatic. ASF has spread extensively globally, significantly impacting the swine industry. The complex and highly variable character of the ASFV genome makes vaccine development and disease surveillance extremely difficult. The overall trend in ASFV evolution is towards decreased virulence and increased transmissibility. Factors such as gene mutation, viral recombination, and the strain-specificity of virulence-associated genes facilitate viral variations. This review deeply discusses the influence of these factors on viral immune evasion, pathogenicity, and the ensuing complexities encountered in vaccine development, disease detection, and surveillance. The ultimate goal of this review is to thoroughly explore the genetic evolution patterns and variation mechanisms of ASFV, providing a theoretical foundation for advancement in vaccine and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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15
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Shi M, Zhou N, Xiu M, Li X, Shan F, Chen W, Li W, Chiang CM, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li A, Cao J. Identification of host proteins that interact with African swine fever virus pE301R. ENGINEERING MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 4:100149. [PMID: 39629325 PMCID: PMC11610991 DOI: 10.1016/j.engmic.2024.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection poses enormous threats and challenges to the global pig industry; however, no effective vaccine is available against ASFV, attributing to the huge viral genome (approximately189 kb) and numerous encoding products (>150 genes) due to the limited understanding on the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Elucidating the host-factor/viral-protein interaction network will reveal new targets for developing novel antiviral therapies. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 255 cellular proteins that interact with the ASFV-encoded pE301R protein when transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. Gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed that pE301R-interacting host proteins are potentially involved in various biological processes, including protein translation and folding, response to stimulation, and mitochondrial transmembrane transport. The interactions of two putative cellular proteins (apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) and vimentin (VIM)) with pE301R-apoptosis inducing factor have been verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Our study revealed the inhibitory role of pE301R in interferon (IFN) induction that involves VIM sequestration by pE301R, identified interactions between ASFV pE301R and cellular proteins, and predicted the potential function of pE301R and its associated biological processes, providing valuable information to enhance our understanding of viral protein function, pathogenesis, and potential candidates for the prevention and control of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou 510075, China
- Wildlife Microbiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Mengchen Xiu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fen Shan
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou 510075, China
- Wildlife Microbiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou 510075, China
- Wildlife Microbiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou 510075, China
- Wildlife Microbiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Aiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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