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Kadakova S, Raska J, Hribkova H, Fedorova V, Sedmik J, Plesingrova K, Sheardova K, Bohaciakova D. Generation of the Human iPSC Line from Spontaneous Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patient with ApoE3/3 Genotype and Sex-, Age-, and ApoE-Matched Healthy Control. Stem Cell Res 2024; 74:103273. [PMID: 38100913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from a patient diagnosed with spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) carrying ApoE3/3 gene and one age-, sex-, and ApoE-matched healthy control. Reprogramming was done using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit containing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and L-MYC as reprogramming factors. The pluripotency of the iPSC lines was verified by the expression of pluripotency markers and by their capacity to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers in vitro. These newly established iPSC lines offer a valuable platform for in vitro modeling of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Kadakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Plesingrova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Janardhanan M, Sen S, Shankarappa B, Purushottam M. Molecular genetics of neuropsychiatric illness: some musings. Front Genet 2023; 14:1203017. [PMID: 38028602 PMCID: PMC10646253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1203017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric illness has occurred at many levels. As more information accumulates, it appears that many approaches may each offer their unique perspective. The search for low penetrance and common variants, that may mediate risk, has necessitated the formation of many international consortia, to pool resources, and achieve the large sample sizes needed to discover these variants. There has been the parallel development of statistical methods to analyse large datasets and present summary statistics which allows data comparison across studies. Even so, the results of studies on well-characterised clinical datasets of modest sizes can be enlightening and provide important clues to understanding these complex disorders. We describe the use of common variants, at multiallelic loci like TOMM40 and APOE to study dementia, weighted genetic risk scores for alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis and whole exome sequencing to identify rare variants in genes like PLA2G6 in familial psychoses and schizophrenia in our Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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3
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Al-Jaf SMA, Niranji SS, Ali HN, Mohammed OA. Association of Apolipoprotein e polymorphism with SARS-CoV-2 infection. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 95:105043. [PMID: 34419671 PMCID: PMC8375275 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). The disease resulted in global morbidity and mortality that led to considering as pandemic. The human body response to COVID-19 infection was massively different from being asymptomatic to developing severe symptoms. Host genetic factors are thought to be one of the reasons for these disparities in body responses. Few studies have suggested that Apolipoprotein Epsilon (Apo E) is a candidate gene for playing roles in the development of the disease symptoms. This work aims to find an association between different Apo E genotypes and alleles to COVID-19 infection comparing a general population and a group of COVID-19 patients. For the first time, the results found that Apo E4 is associated with COVID-19 disease in a Kurdish population of Iraq. Further study is required to reveal this association in different ethnic backgrounds all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan M A Al-Jaf
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq; Coronavirus Research and Identification Lab., University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
| | - Sherko S Niranji
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq; Coronavirus Research and Identification Lab., University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
| | - Hussein N Ali
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Omed A Mohammed
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq
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Barclay SF, Potocki K, Burles F, Bech-Hansen NT, Iaria G. Evaluation of APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 Alleles in a Cohort of Individuals Affected by Developmental Topographical Disorientation. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:565-570. [PMID: 34514340 PMCID: PMC8385428 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The three common alleles of the APOE gene, ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4, have been linked to human spatial orientation. We investigated the genetic role of APOE in developmental topographical disorientation (DTD), a lifelong condition that results in topographical disorientation. We genotyped the APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 alleles in a cohort of 20 unrelated DTD probands, and found allele frequencies not statistically different from the those seen in the population as a whole. Therefore, we found no evidence that DTD occurs preferentially on a genetic background containing any particular APOE allele, making it unlikely that these APOE alleles are contributing to the development of DTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Barclay
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kendra Potocki
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ford Burles
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Torben Bech-Hansen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Generation of six human iPSC lines from patients with a familial Alzheimer's disease (n = 3) and sex- and age-matched healthy controls (n = 3). Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102379. [PMID: 34088008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from primary human fibroblasts isolated from three patients with a familial form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and three healthy control individuals. Two AD-iPSC lines carry a PSEN1 mutation A246E; the third cell line carries a PSEN2 mutation N141I. The fibroblasts were reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors (OSKM) using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit. The pluripotency of iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of pluripotency factors and by their ability to differentiate to all three germ layers in vitro. Newly derived cell lines can be used to model Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Raska J, Klimova H, Sheardova K, Fedorova V, Hribkova H, Pospisilova V, Vochyanova S, Vanova T, Bohaciakova D. Generation of three human iPSC lines from patients with a spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease and three sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102378. [PMID: 34088007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from patients with spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and three healthy control individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors (OSKM) using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit. The pluripotency of iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of pluripotency factors and by their ability to differentiate to all three germ layers in vitro. Newly derived cell lines can be used to model Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Klimova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Vochyanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Cognitive Health of Nonagenarians in Southern Italy: A Descriptive Analysis from a Cross-Sectional, Home-Based Pilot Study of Exceptional Longevity (Cilento Initiative on Aging Outcomes Or CIAO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56050218. [PMID: 32380778 PMCID: PMC7279440 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nonagenarians and centenarians (NCs) are an extremely fragile population, particularly in regard to their physical and cognitive function. The aim of this study was to define the neurocognitive profiles among 29 NCs and their 49 younger cohabitants aged 50-75 years from The Cilento Initiative on Aging Outcomes (CIAO) Pilot study in the South of Italy that had provided initial hypotheses regarding positive psychological traits related to exceptional longevity. Methods: During the home visits, lifestyle information with specific questionnaires, functional autonomy and the neuropsychological Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) scale were obtained by qualified study personnel. The total blood oxidative capacity was also determined by testing the reactive derivative of oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and by the Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP). In all individuals, the APOE genotype determination was also performed. Results: All the subjects in both groups showed high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. None of the NCs had severe cognitive impairment, and a very low incidence of dementia was found. The data obtained on the Activities ed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL-IADL) scale showed that the majority of NCs (16/29) were autonomous in daily life activities. The comparative assessment of NCs and cohabitants showed no significant differences in the laboratory assessment of oxidative stress and APOE genotype. Conclusion: In the Cilento Region of Southern Italy, NCs seemed to have good cognitive status when compared to younger cohabitants aging 50-65 years without significant differences in oxidative stress markers or APOE genotype. These results might be related to optimal adherence to the Mediterranean diet, although other lifestyle factors and positive personality traits may also contribute to their healthy aging. Further studies on a larger population should be performed to confirm the results of this pilot study.
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Ramadan A, Foda BM, Noha A. Sabry, Refaat O, Saleh AA, Fawzy A. Association analysis of ApoE gene polymorphisms among Egyptian patients with Alzheimer's disease. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jairani PS, Aswathy PM, Krishnan D, Menon RN, Verghese J, Mathuranath PS, Gopala S. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophage-Mediated Amyloid-Beta Phagocytosis in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:355-369. [PMID: 30694418 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood-derived macrophages isolated from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have earlier been reported to demonstrate ineffective phagocytosis of amyloid-beta compared to the age-matched control subjects. However, the mechanisms causing unsuccessful phagocytosis remain unclear. Oxidative stress and the presence of ApoEε4 allele has been reported to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD, but the contribution of oxidative stress and ApoEε4 in macrophage dysfunction leading to ineffective Aβ phagocytosis needs to be analyzed. Aβ phagocytosis assay has been performed using FITC-labeled Aβ and analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal imaging in patient samples and in THP-1 cells. Oxidative stress in patient-derived macrophages was analyzed by assessing the DNA damage using comet assay. ApoE polymorphism was analyzed using sequence-specific PCR and Hixson & Vernier Restriction isotyping protocol. In this study, we have analyzed the patterns of phagocytic inefficiency of macrophages in Indian population with a gradual decline in the phagocytic potential from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD patients. Further, we have shown that the presence of ApoEε4 allele might also have a possible effect on the phagocytosis efficiency of the macrophages. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that oxidative stress could affect the amyloid-beta phagocytic potential of macrophages and hence by alleviating oxidative stress using curcumin, an anti-oxidant could enhance the amyloid-beta phagocytic efficacy of macrophages of patients with AD and MCI, although the responsiveness to curcumin might depends on the presence or absence of APOEε4 allele. Oxidative stress contributes significantly to decreased phagocytosis of Aβ by macrophages. Moreover, the phagocytic inefficiency of macrophages was correlated to the presence of ApoEε4 allele. This study also found that the Aβ-phagocytic potential of macrophage gets significantly enhanced in curcumin-treated patient-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Jairani
- Cognition & Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P M Aswathy
- Cognition & Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanya Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Ramsekhar N Menon
- Cognition & Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P S Mathuranath
- Cognition & Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
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11
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Najar AH, Sneha KM, Ashok A, Babu S, Subramaniam AG, Kannan R, Viswanath B, Purushottam M, Varghese M, Parvez S, Panicker MM, Mukherjee O, Jain S. Derivation of iPSC lines from two patients with familial Alzheimer's disease from India. Stem Cell Res 2019; 34:101370. [PMID: 30605839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prevalence of diagnosable dementia in India is 1% of people over 60 years (~3.7 million people), but is estimated to increase significantly, as ~15% world's aged population (>65 years) would be resident here by 2020 (Shah et al., 2016). While several mutations that pose a familial risk have been identified, the ethnic background may influence disease susceptibility, clinical presentation and treatment response. In this study, we report a detailed characterization of two representative HiPSC lines from a well-characterized dementia cohort from India. Availability of these lines, and associated molecular and clinical information, would be useful in the detailed exploration of the genomic contribution(s) to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaq H Najar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, India; Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - K M Sneha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India
| | - Aparna Ashok
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Swathy Babu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anand G Subramaniam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramkrishnan Kannan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mitradas M Panicker
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, India; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Odity Mukherjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, India; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, India; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
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Yi X, Xia Y, Ding B, Wu L, Hu S, Wang Z, Yang M, Wang J. Dual-Channel Surface Plasmon Resonance for Quantification of ApoE Gene and Genotype Discrimination in Unamplified Genomic DNA Extracts. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2402-2407. [PMID: 30350593 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of gene variation is of great importance for attaining information related to disease susceptibility. A highly sensitive and specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method for quantification of the apoE gene and genotype discrimination was demonstrated. The complementary sequences with the specific recognition sites of GCGC bases upon hybridization to the preimmobilized biotinylated probes could be cleaved by the restriction enzyme HhaI, while the existence of the single-base mismatch (GTGC) prevented the cleavage reaction. In both cases, the incorporation of streptavidin increased the sensitivity of the SPR assay, and the detection levels of 10 fM and 50 fM for the complementary and single-base mismatched sequences were attained, respectively. The sensing protocol is simple, label-free, and quantitative, thus avoiding the complicated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedures. The proposed method serves as a viable means for facile and sensitive analyses of apoE genes in four unamplified genomic DNA extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Yonghong Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Binrong Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 510060
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Shengqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Zixiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China 410083
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13
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Lu H, Wu L, Wang J, Wang Z, Yi X, Wang J, Wang N. Voltammetric determination of the Alzheimer's disease-related ApoE 4 gene from unamplified genomic DNA extracts by ferrocene-capped gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:549. [PMID: 30426239 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive method is described for detection of the apoE 4 gene detection which is important for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It is based on signal amplification by using ferrocene (Fc) capped gold nanoparticles modified with streptavidin. The immobilized oligonucleotide probe captures complementary apoE 4 gene. This is followed by the specific recognition of the GCGC sequences which are hydrolyzed by the restriction enzyme HhaI. Cleavage only occurs at the complementary apoE 4 duplex, while mismatches prevent enzymatic cleavage. Thus, the apoE 4 sequence can be discriminated against other apoE sequences. Benefitting from amplified signal by Fc-capped nanoparticle/streptavidin and the recognition of HhaI, the detection limit is as low as 0.1 pM of the ApoE 4 gene. Four genomic DNA samples extracted from blood were analyzed for the presence of the apoE 4 gene. The approach presented here will provide viable proof-of-principle for an enzyme-assisted electrochemical assay for the apoE 4 gene in genomic DNAs. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of amplified voltammetric detection of Alzheimer's Disease-related apoE 4 gene from unamplified genomic DNA extracts via ferrocene capped gold nanoparticle/streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department oft of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Calero O, García-Albert L, Rodríguez-Martín A, Veiga S, Calero M. A fast and cost-effective method for apolipoprotein E isotyping as an alternative to APOE genotyping for patient screening and stratification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5969. [PMID: 29654261 PMCID: PMC5899170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34 kDa glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism. The human APOE gene encodes for three different apoE protein isoforms: E2, E3 and E4. The interest in apoE isoforms is high for epidemiological research, patient stratification and identification of those at increased risk for clinical trials and prevention. The isoform apoE4 is associated with increased risk for coronary heart and Alzheimer's diseases. This paper describes a method for specifically detecting the apoE4 isoform from biological fluids by taking advantage of the capacity of apoE to bind "specifically" to polystyrene surfaces as capture and a specific anti-apoE4 monoclonal antibody as reporter. Our results indicate that the apoE-polystyrene binding interaction is highly stable, resistant to detergents and acid and basic washes. The methodology here described is accurate, easily implementable, fast and cost-effective. Although at present, our technique is unable to discriminate homozygous APOE ε4/ε4 from APOE ε3/ε4 and ε2/ε4 heterozygous, it opens new avenues for the development of inexpensive, yet effective, tests for the detection of apoE4 for patients' stratification. Preliminary results indicated that this methodology is also adaptable into turbidimetric platforms, which make it a good candidate for clinical implementation through its translation to the clinical analysis routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC)-CROSADIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Albert
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC)-CROSADIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC)-CROSADIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- CIEN Foundation-Queen Sofia Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Forero DA, López-León S, González-Giraldo Y, Dries DR, Pereira-Morales AJ, Jiménez KM, Franco-Restrepo JE. APOE gene and neuropsychiatric disorders and endophenotypes: A comprehensive review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:126-142. [PMID: 27943569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is one of the main candidates in neuropsychiatric genetics, with hundreds of studies carried out in order to explore the possible role of polymorphisms in the APOE gene in a large number of neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and related endophenotypes. In the current article, we provide a comprehensive review of the structural and functional aspects of the APOE gene and its relationship with brain disorders. Evidence from genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses shows that the APOE gene has been significantly associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular and animal models show growing evidence of the key role of APOE in mechanisms of brain plasticity and behavior. Future analyses of the APOE gene might find a possible role in other neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders and related endophenotypes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel R Dries
- Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela J Pereira-Morales
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen M Jiménez
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan E Franco-Restrepo
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jairani PS, Aswathy PM, Gopala S, Verghese J, Mathuranath PS. Interaction with the MAPT H1H1 Genotype Increases Dementia Risk in APOE ε4 Carriers in a Population of Southern India. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 42:255-264. [PMID: 27705964 DOI: 10.1159/000447446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delineates the role of the interaction of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and MAPT alleles in contributing to disease risks of dementia in a southern Indian population. METHODS A sample of 419 patients comprising Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 156), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 87), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 127), vascular dementia (VD; n = 37), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 12) was analysed in comparison with a control group (n = 138). APOE genotyping and MAPT haplotyping were performed on all study subjects. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that variability on the APOE locus influenced the relative risk of dementia in the study population. The APOE ε4 allele increased the disease risk most significantly for AD (OR = 3.468, p < 0.0001) and MCI (OR = 2.901, p < 0.0001). The APOE ε2 allele remained protective for AD (OR = 0.205, p < 0.05). For FTD, VD, and DLB, the APOE ε4 allele was ineffectual in modulating disease risk. The MAPT H1 haplotype was not an overrepresented marker of neurodegenerative diseases. The H1H1 genotype had an additive effect in contributing to either disease risk in combination with the APOE ε4 allele or protection in combination with the APOE ε2 or ε3 allele. CONCLUSIONS This study is a reappraisal of the strong association of APOE variability with AD in southern India when compared to other dementia groups, while the transcriptional differences between MAPT haplotypes have a limited role in Indian dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Jairani
- Cognition and Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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17
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Shankarappa BM, Kota LN, Purushottam M, Nagpal K, Mukherjee O, Viswanath B, Varghese M, Bharath S, Jain S. Effect of CLU and PICALM polymorphisms on AD risk: A study from south India. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 27:7-11. [PMID: 28558900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE), Clusterin (CLU) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) polymorphisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects compared to cognitively normal control subjects in an Indian population. METHODS The study subjects included persons with AD (N=243) and age group matched healthy controls (N=164). All the AD subjects were evaluated using a standard protocol. DNA was isolated from whole blood. APOE (rs7412, rs429358), CLU (rs11136000) and PICALM (rs3851179) were genotyped. General linear model was used to test the association between the individual risk genotypes and AD. RESULTS The presence of APOE ε4 was associated with AD after adjusting for age and gender (p<0.0001). There was no association observed with AD at both rs11136000 CLU (p=0.25) and rs3851179 PICALM (p=0.54). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed a significant association of APOE ε4 carrier status with AD. No association was observed for CLU and PICALM with AD. This might be due to a different genetic background. There are no previous reports of these polymorphisms in an Indian cohort. Future Indian AD studies should investigate additional SNPs in a larger sample size in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan Kota
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
| | - Kavita Nagpal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Odity Mukherjee
- Instem, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Srikala Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
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18
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Mahmoud AA, Yousef LM, Zaki NAE. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in Egyptian acute coronary syndrome patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jasienska G, Ellison PT, Galbarczyk A, Jasienski M, Kalemba-Drozdz M, Kapiszewska M, Nenko I, Thune I, Ziomkiewicz A. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism is related to differences in potential fertility in women: a case of antagonistic pleiotropy? Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142395. [PMID: 25673673 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The alleles that are detrimental to health, especially in older age, are thought to persist in populations because they also confer some benefits for individuals (through antagonistic pleiotropy). The ApoE4 allele at the ApoE locus, encoding apolipoprotein E (ApoE), significantly increases risk of poor health, and yet it is present in many populations at relatively high frequencies. Why has it not been replaced by natural selection with the health-beneficial ApoE3 allele? ApoE is a major supplier of cholesterol precursor for the production of ovarian oestrogen and progesterone, thus ApoE has been suggested as the potential candidate gene that may cause variation in reproductive performance. Our results support this hypothesis showing that in 117 regularly menstruating women those with genotypes with at least one ApoE4 allele had significantly higher levels of mean luteal progesterone (144.21 pmol l(-1)) than women with genotypes without ApoE4 (120.49 pmol l(-1)), which indicates higher potential fertility. The hormonal profiles were based on daily data for entire menstrual cycles. We suggest that the finding of higher progesterone in women with ApoE4 allele could provide first strong evidence for an evolutionary mechanism of maintaining the ancestral and health-worsening ApoE4 allele in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter T Ellison
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Jasienski
- Center for Innovatics, Nowy Sacz Business School-National-Louis University, Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy Sacz, Poland
| | | | | | - Ilona Nenko
- Department of Environmental Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Inger Thune
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Ziomkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Unit of Anthropology in Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Wei LK, Au A, Menon S, Gan SH, Griffiths LR. Clinical Relevance of MTHFR, eNOS, ACE, and ApoE Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Vitamin Profile among Malay Patients with Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:2017-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Kota LN, Bharath S, Purushottam M, Paul P, Sivakumar PT, Varghese M, Jain S. Reduced telomere length in subjects with dementia and diabetes mellitus type 2 is independent of apolipoprotein E4 genotype. Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 12:58-62. [PMID: 25440562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 gene is associated with increased risk of dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Both dementia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are independently associated with telomere shortening. We assessed relative telomere length and apolipoprotein E genotype in subjects with dementia (n=70) and cognitively normal control groups (n=55) with and without comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2. Relative telomere length was highest in the control group (Q2=0.91) followed by dementia (Q2=0.48) and dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (Q2=0.39). Apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency was highest in dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (0.26). Apolipoprotein E4 allele was not significantly associated with telomere attrition in both dementia and cognitively normal group irrespective of comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (P>0.05). The findings suggest that relative telomere length is unrelated to apolipoprotein E4 genotype in dementia and cognitive normal subjects with or without comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narayanan Kota
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Srikala Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Pradip Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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Signaling pathway genes for blood pressure, folate and cholesterol levels among hypertensives: an epistasis analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:99-104. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mazzotti DR, Singulane CC, Ota VK, Rodrigues TP, Furuya TK, de Souza FJ, Cordeiro BG, de Oliveira Amaral CM, Chen ES, Jacomini A, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Borsatto-Galera B. Association of APOE, GCPII and MMP9 polymorphisms with common diseases and lipid levels in an older adult/elderly cohort. Gene 2014; 535:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Association between levels of serum perfluorooctane sulfate and carotid artery intima–media thickness in adolescents and young adults. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Lee MJ, Chien KL, Chen MF, Stephenson DA, Su TC. Overweight modulates APOE and APOA5 alleles on the risk of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Dementia and diabetes mellitus: association with apolipoprotein e4 polymorphism from a hospital in southern India. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:702972. [PMID: 22701197 PMCID: PMC3371687 DOI: 10.1155/2012/702972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the association of Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. The study included subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) (n = 209), individuals with non-Alzheimer's dementia (nAD) (n = 122), individuals with parental history of AD (f/hAD) (n = 70), and control individuals who had normal cognitive functions and no parental history of dementia (NC) (n = 193). Dementia was diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases-10 revision (ICD-10) criteria. DM was assessed on the basis of self-report and/or use of antidiabetic medications. ApoE genotyping was done using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Results. ApoE4 allele frequencies were highest among AD with comorbid DM (0.35) followed by AD without DM (0.25), nAD with DM (0.13), nAD without comorbid DM (0.12), and NC (0.08). Frequency of ApoE4 in persons with f/hAD was 0.13. The association of AD with co-morbid DM in ApoE4 carriers was more in comparison to NC with DM (OR = 5.68, P = 0.04). Conclusion. There is a significant association between AD with co-morbid DM and ApoE4 genotype.
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Apolipoprotein E genotyping method by real time PCR, a fast and cost-effective alternative to the TaqMan and FRET assays. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 183:238-40. [PMID: 19583979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphism genotyping has an allegedly important predictive value for coronary heart disorders and Alzheimer's disease. We developed a simple, fast, cost-effective and suited for high-throughput protocol for determining APOE genotypes by Real Time PCR monitored by SYBR Green. The method is based on differential amplification by allele-specific primers. These primers have variations in their 3'-end nucleotides such that are specific for one of the two variants in each polymorphic position. By this protocol, we obtained a 100% concordance with the APOE genotypes determined by sequencing analysis. The main advantages of this method are its relative simplicity and the reduced cost compared to other methodologies, such as the TaqMan and FRET assays.
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Gupta R, Kumar V, Luthra K, Banerjee B, Bhatia MS. Polymorphism in apolipoprotein E among migraineurs and tension-type headache subjects. J Headache Pain 2009; 10:115-20. [PMID: 19184578 PMCID: PMC3451647 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-008-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine as well as tension-type headache. Studies suggest that the expression of molecules involved in the pathogenesis of headache, i.e., nitric oxide and interleukin, is influenced by apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is gene specific. Hence, we hypothesized that APOE polymorphism may be associated with migraine as well as tension-type headache.The study sample comprised of three groups: migraineurs, tension-type headache subjects as well as a healthy control group. A total of 50 subjects in each group were included after screening for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. None of the subjects was a blood relative of any other subject included in the present study. Their venous blood was drawn and stored at −20°C. Genomic DNA extraction was performed with a commercial kit and simple sequence-specific primer PCR was performed to assess the APOE polymorphism. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS V11.0 for Windows. χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were run. The results of the study showed that APOE ε2 gene increases the risk of migraine as compared to the control group and the tension-type headache group (OR = 4.85; 95% CI = 1.92–12.72; P < 0.001 and OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.08–4.94; P = 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, APOE ε4 gene was protective against migraine as well as tension-type headache. This study shows that APOE ε2 gene increases the risk of migraine, while APOE ε4 gene is protective against migraine and tension-type headache. Further research is required to confirm the findings of the present study in a larger sample and to elucidate the role of APOE polymorphism in headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Basudeb Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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