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Kaleta M, Oklestkova J, Klíčová K, Kvasnica M, Koníčková D, Menšíková K, Strnad M, Novák O. Simultaneous Determination of Selected Steroids with Neuroactive Effects in Human Serum by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1990-2005. [PMID: 38655788 PMCID: PMC11099924 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are a group of steroid molecules that are involved in the regulation of functions of the nervous system. The nervous system is not only the site of their action, but their biosynthesis can also occur there. Neuroactive steroid levels depend not only on the physiological state of an individual (person's sex, age, diurnal variation, etc.), but they are also affected by various pathological processes in the nervous system (some neurological and psychiatric diseases or injuries), and new knowledge can be gained by monitoring these processes. The aim of our research was to develop and validate a comprehensive method for the simultaneous determination of selected steroids with neuroactive effects in human serum. The developed method enables high throughput and a sensitive quantitative analysis of nine neuroactive steroid substances (pregnenolone, progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone, allopregnanolone, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and epiandrosterone) in 150 μL of human serum by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The correlation coefficients above 0.999 indicated that the developed analytical procedure was linear in the range of 0.90 nmol/L to 28.46 μmol/L in human serum. The accuracy and precision of the method for all analytes ranged from 83 to 118% and from 0.9 to 14.1%, respectively. This described method could contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases. Similarly, it can also be helpful in the search for new biomarkers and diagnostic options or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kaleta
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klíčová
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Koníčková
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Menšíková
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Anker SC, Morgenstern J, Adler J, Brune M, Brings S, Fleming T, Kliemank E, Zorn M, Fischer A, Szendroedi J, Kihm L, Zemva J. Verification of sex- and age-specific reference intervals for 13 serum steroids determined by mass spectrometry: evaluation of an indirect statistical approach. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:452-463. [PMID: 36537103 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventionally, reference intervals are established by direct methods, which require a well-characterized, obviously healthy study population. This elaborate approach is time consuming, costly and has rarely been applied to steroid hormones measured by mass spectrometry. In this feasibility study, we investigate whether indirect methods based on routine laboratory results can be used to verify reference intervals from external sources. METHODS A total of 11,259 serum samples were used to quantify 13 steroid hormones by mass spectrometry. For indirect estimation of reference intervals, we applied a "modified Hoffmann approach", and verified the results with a more sophisticated statistical method (refineR). We compared our results with those of four recent studies using direct approaches. RESULTS We evaluated a total of 81 sex- and age-specific reference intervals, for which at least 120 measurements were available. The overall agreement between indirectly and directly determined reference intervals was surprisingly good as nearly every fourth reference limit could be confirmed by narrow tolerance limits. Furthermore, lower reference limits could be provided for some low concentrated hormones by the indirect method. In cases of substantial deviations, our results matched the underlying data better than reference intervals from external studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that indirect methods are a valuable tool to verify existing reference intervals for steroid hormones. A simple "modified Hoffmann approach" based on the general assumption of a normal or lognormal distribution model is sufficient for screening purposes, while the refineR algorithm may be used for a more detailed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Anker
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Adler
- Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Genetics Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kihm
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Liao HY, Xiao X, Peng R, Le J, Wang HB, Wang ST. Rapid Derivatization of Phenolic and Oxime Hydroxyl with Isonicotinoyl Chloride under Aqueous Conditions and Its Application in LC-MS/MS Profiling Multiclass Steroids. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17980-17987. [PMID: 36521069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of steroids possesses a crucial clinical value in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various endocrine diseases. However, it is still challenging to realize feasible analysis of estrogens, androgens, progestogens, and corticoids within one single workflow. In this study, two derivatization reactions were newly designed for improvement: (1) acylation of phenolic hydroxyl on estrogens with isonicotinoyl chloride (INC) under the catalysis of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and (2) post-modification of oxime hydroxyl on hydroxylamine-pretreated ketosteroids with INC. Both reactions could conduct instantaneously at room temperature under aqueous conditions. Moreover, the resulting phenolic-INC and oxime-INC esters exhibited favorable MS responses. Through integrating these derivatization strategies with cold-induced phase separation technology, a feasible LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 15 multiclass steroids with proper sample consumption (50 μL serum), satisfying sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation at 0.01-5.00 ng/mL) and high throughput (40 min for sample-preparation). The practical applicability was tested by detecting 30 real samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women. The obtained results showed a good agreement with a previous validated methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yang Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juan Le
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Schleiff M, Sommers C, Yang J, Shen X, Rodriguez JD, Shu Q. Development and Validation of a Quantitative Proton NMR Method for the Analysis of Pregnenolone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Xu B, Jia P, Cai J, Gu L, Yan H, Zhao H, Qin S. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of seven steroid hormones in human saliva: A novel method based on O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as derivatization reagent. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9242. [PMID: 34913217 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Saliva has been widely accepted as a more convenient alternative to serum or plasma in the field of clinical diagnosis. However, the detection of trace components in saliva has been a bottleneck problem. The aim of this work was to develop a highly sensitive and reliable method for simultaneously determining the trace steroid hormones including some with poor ionization efficiency in human saliva by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). METHODS Saliva was deproteinated by acetonitrile containing mixed isotope internal standards and extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether. The extraction solution was dried under a stream of nitrogen and the residue was derivatized using 50 mM O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in 80% methanol/water solution (v/v). The processed sample was determined by LC/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS The method was successfully established for the simultaneous quantification of seven steroid hormones in human saliva and showed excellent specificity and sensitivity. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of all steroid hormones were below 5 pg/mL, in particular, the LOQ of progesterone was as low as 0.15 pg/mL. The linear correlation coefficients (r) were greater than 0.9990 in the range of 2-200 pg/mL for T, DHEA, A4, P4, P5, and 17OHP4 and in the range of 5-500 pg/mL for 17OHP5. The intra-day and inter-day variability ranged from 1.86% to 7.83% and 1.95% to 10.4%, respectively. The recovery of the method ranged from 86.9% to 111.1% for all steroid hormones using three spiked concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A novel LC/MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of seven kinds of trace steroid hormones in human saliva. The results of the methodological study showed that the method exhibited excellent sensitivity and reliability for the evaluation of free steroid hormones in the human body. It is believed that this method could provide useful information of steroid hormone metabolism for auxiliary diagnosis of some endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Excellent Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- Excellent Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Excellent Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Lidong Gu
- Excellent Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Huaxiao Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong Innovation Center for Non-grain Ethanol Biorefinery Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong Innovation Center for Non-grain Ethanol Biorefinery Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong Innovation Center for Non-grain Ethanol Biorefinery Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
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7
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Solid-phase analytical derivatization as a tool for the quantification of steroid hormones in human urine with HPLC-Q-ToF detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114736. [PMID: 35338944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A possibility of application of solid-phase analytical derivatization (SPAD) for the quantification of seven steroid hormones (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, cortisone, cortisol, progesterone, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, and estrone) in human urine was evaluated. To prepare urine samples for instrumental analysis, SPAD with hydroxylamine was applied after enzymatic hydrolysis of the sample. To achieve high recovery values, extraction and derivatization conditions were optimized. Cartridges packed with end-capped octadecylsilyl silica sorbent provided optimum extraction of target analytes, while the reaction with hydroxylamine in the cartridge was found as a simple and efficient way for the chemical derivatization of steroids. The obtained derivatives were detected by using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The proposed procedure was validated and applied to the analysis of real urine samples to prove the applicability of the proposed method for the routine analysis.
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8
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Penell JC, Kushnir MM, Lind L, Bergquist J, Bergquist J, Lind PM, Naessen T. Concentrations of nine endogenous steroid hormones in 70-year-old men and women. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:511-520. [PMID: 33878730 PMCID: PMC8183619 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating concentrations of endogenous steroids have systemic implications on health in elderly. However, population-based age- and ethnicity-specific data are scarce. The aim was to report sex-specific plasma concentrations of endogenous sex and adrenal steroids in elderly Swedish Caucasians, to examine the impact of BMI and to present concentrations in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS A population-based observational study of 70-year olds, including 684 community-dwelling men and women enrolled in the PIVUS study, Sweden. Median plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol. RESULTS Plasma concentrations were significantly higher in men (n = 452) than in women (n = 232) for estradiol: median 61.3 pmol/L (95% CI, 11.4, 142.7) vs 18.4 (4.0, 127.3), for estrone: 92.8 (33.3, 206) vs 71.6 (17.8, 209) pmol/L, and for testosterone 13.8 (5.7, 28.0) vs 0.7 (0.2, 2.0) nmol/L. Higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol were observed in obese than non-obese women. Compared to non-obese men, obese men had lower concentrations of testosterone and its precursors: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and DHEA. The subgroup of apparently healthy individuals had median values > 20% lower for estrone and estradiol in women but slightly higher for testosterone in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone were higher in 70-year-old men than in women. BMI associated positively to estradiol and estrone in women and negatively to testosterone in men. Apparently healthy women had lower median concentrations of estradiol and estrone and men had higher median testosterone compared to all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Christina Penell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J C Penell:
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tord Naessen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F. Fully automated method for quantitative determination of steroids in serum: An approach to evaluate steroidogenesis. Talanta 2020; 224:121923. [PMID: 33379124 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is a set of metabolic reactions where the enzymes play a key role to control the physiological levels of steroids. A deficiency in steroidogenesis induces an accumulation and/or insufficiency of steroids in human blood and can lead to different pathologies. This issue added to the low levels of steroids (pg mL-1 to ng mL-1) in this biofluid make of their determination an analytical challenge. In this research, we present a high-throughtput and fully automated method based on solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to quantify estrogens (estrone and estradiol), androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone), progestogens (progesterone, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone), glucocorticoids (21-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and cortisol) and one mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) in human serum. The performance of the SPE step and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode allowed reaching a high sensitivity and selectivity levels without any derivatization reaction. The fragmentation mechanisms of the steroids were complementary studied by LC-MS/MS in high-resolution mode to confirm the MRM transitions. The method was characterized with two SPE sorbents with similar physico-chemical properties. Thus, limits of quantification were at pg mL-1 levels, the variability was below 25% (except for pregnenolone and cortisone), and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ±25%. The proposed method was tested in human serum from ten volunteers, who reported levels for the sixteen target steroids that were satisfactorily in agreement with the physiological ranges reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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10
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Long Q, Zhang T, Yan Y, Zhao H, Zhou W, Zeng J, Li S, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Zhao B, Zhang C, Chen W. Measurement of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference method and evaluation of the performance for three routine methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:523-532. [PMID: 33554585 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate measurements of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) are essential for diagnosis and treatment monitoring for congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients. The performance of serum 17OHP routine methods remains highly variable that calls for a candidate reference measurement procedure (cRMP) to improve the standardization of serum 17OHP measurements. METHODS Serum samples spiked with internal standards were extracted with a combination of solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. The 17OHP was quantified by the isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Nine structural analogs of 17OHP were evaluated for interferences. The precision and analytical recovery were assessed. Twenty native and 40 spiked serum for performance evaluation were measured by the cRMP and two clinical LC/MS routine methods. RESULTS No apparent interferences were found with the 17OHP measurement. The within-run, between-run, and total precision for our method were 0.4-0.8%, 0.6-2.0%, and 1.0-2.1% for four pooled serum (2.46-102.72 nmol/L), respectively. The recoveries of added 17OHP were 100.0-100.2%. For the performance of two LC/MS routine methods, they showed relative deviation ranges of -22.1 to 1.1% and -6.7 to 12.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a reliable serum 17OHP method using ID-LC/MS/MS. The desirable accuracy and precision of this method enable it to serve as a promising cRMP to improve the standardization for serum 17OHP routine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haijian Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuijun Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhang Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Al-Kofahi M, Ahmed MA, Jaber MM, Tran TN, Willis BA, Zimmerman CL, Gonzalez-Bolanos MT, Brundage RC, Sarafoglou K. An integrated PK-PD model for cortisol and the 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione biomarkers in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1098-1110. [PMID: 32652643 PMCID: PMC9328191 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of cortisol and the adrenal biomarkers 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Methods A nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling approach was used to analyse cortisol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione concentrations obtained over 6 hours from children with CAH (n = 50). A circadian rhythm was evident and the model leveraged literature information on circadian rhythm in untreated children with CAH. Indirect response models were applied in which cortisol inhibited the production rate of all three compounds using an Imax model. Results Cortisol was characterized by a one‐compartment model with apparent clearance and volume of distribution estimated at 22.9 L/h/70 kg and 41.1 L/70 kg, respectively. The IC50 values of cortisol concentrations for cortisol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were estimated to be 1.36, 0.45 and 0.75 μg/dL, respectively. The inhibitory effect was found to be more potent on 17OHP than D4A, and the IC50 values were higher in salt‐wasting subjects than simple virilizers. Production rates of cortisol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were higher in simple‐virilizer subjects. Half‐lives of cortisol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were 60, 47 and 77 minutes, respectively. Conclusion Rapidly changing biomarker responses to cortisol concentrations highlight that single measurements provide volatile information about a child's disease control. Our model closely captured observed cortisol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione concentrations. It can be used to predict concentrations over 24 hours and allows many novel exposure metrics to be calculated, e.g., AUC, AUC‐above‐threshold, time‐within‐range, etc. Our long‐range goal is to uncover dose–exposure–outcome relationships that clinicians can use in adjusting hydrocortisone dose and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Kofahi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mariam A Ahmed
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Mutaz M Jaber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thang N Tran
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Willis
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheryl L Zimmerman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria T Gonzalez-Bolanos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard C Brundage
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Mezzullo M, Pelusi C, Fazzini A, Repaci A, Di Dalmazi G, Gambineri A, Pagotto U, Fanelli F. Female and male serum reference intervals for challenging sex and precursor steroids by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105538. [PMID: 31734493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Measuring some sex and precursor steroids is still challenging even by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and few normal values are available. We developed a LC-MS/MS method for estradiol, estrone, dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone measurement, compared it with direct immunoassays, and generated sex, age, menopausal and menstrual status specific reference intervals. Liquid-liquid extraction was optimized on 300 μL serum spiked with isotopic internal standards. A 2D-LC system allowed on-line purification and separation in 11 min run. Electrospray ionization was enhanced by ammonium fluoride. MS-detection was obtained by multiple reaction monitoring. Direct ECLIA for estradiol (n = 80) and RIA for estrone (n = 41) were compared with LC-MS/MS. Reference values were estimated in healthy, lean women in reproductive age (n = 118), menopausal women (n = 33) and men (n = 159). The assay showed satisfying imprecision, trueness, recovery and selectivity. Adequate functional sensitivity was achieved for measuring estrone (18.1 pmol/L) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (117 pmol/L) in all subjects, and estradiol (35.9 pmol/L) and dihydrotestosterone (134 pmol/L) in women in reproductive age and men, but not in menopausal women. Compared with LC-MS/MS, immunoassays showed good agreement for estradiol but severe disagreement for estrone. Estrogens exhibited sex, menopausal and menstrual variations. Dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone depended on sex and menopause, the latter also declining with age in men. Strictly defined reference intervals in the adult female and male population were generated for challenging steroids such as estrogens, dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone by a novel LC-MS/MS method. Our achievement can be used to deepen the comprehension of several endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carla Pelusi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia Fazzini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Freitas de Medeiros S, Angelo LCA, Souto de Medeiros MA, Barbosa BB, Yamamoto MMW. Exploring the activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 41:hmbci-2019-0048. [PMID: 31922957 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have occult corticosteroidogenic enzyme abnormalities. The current study compares the activities of 11β-hydroxylase between normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS) and hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS) phenotypes. Materials and methods Anthropometric, and biochemical variables were compared between normal cycling women [n = 272] and those with PCOS [n = 453]; either normoandrogenemic [n = 98] or hyperandrogenemic [n = 355]. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using 11β-hydroxylase enzyme activity as the criterion variable. Results 11β-Hydroxylase enzyme activity tended to be slightly higher in both PCOS subgroups and did not change with ethnicity. Using univariate logistic regression, 11β-hydroxylase activity in controls was associated with dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin, homeostatic model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In NA-PCOS women the activity of 11β-hydroxylase was associated with estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A4), and androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio; in the hyperandrogenemic (HA-PCOS) group, 11β-hydroxylase activity associated with sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHPE), fasting glucose, and β-cell activity. After multivariate logistic regression, androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio, and β-cell activity were the best predictors of 11β-hydroxylase activity in controls; in NA-PCOS group only androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio was confirmed as a significant predictor of 11β-hydroxylase activity, and in HA-PCOS patients, 17-OHPE and β-cell activity demonstrated to be significant predictors. Conclusions 11β-Hydroxylase activity was equal in different ethnicities. The prevalence of decreased 11β-hydroxylase activity was higher in the HA-PCOS phenotype. 17-OHPE, and β-cell function are significant predictors of 11β-hydroxylase activity in HA-PCOS subjects. These findings may help to identify which PCOS patient would have benefit in measuring 11-deoxycortisol (compound S) and 11β-hydroxylase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Zip Code 78 043 306, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil, Phone: +55 65 3322 2017, +55 65 99981 0474.,Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Laura Camila Antunes Angelo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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14
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Cicalini I, Tumini S, Guidone PI, Pieragostino D, Zucchelli M, Franchi S, Lisi G, Lelli Chiesa P, Stuppia L, De Laurenzi V, Rossi C. Serum Steroid Profiling by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Confirmation and Early Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Neonatal Case Report. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120284. [PMID: 31766536 PMCID: PMC6950672 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describes a group of autosomal recessive disorders of steroid biosynthesis, in 95% of cases due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The resulting hormonal imbalances lead to increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androgens levels, at the expense of decreased concentrations of glucocorticoids and, in some cases, of mineralocorticoids. A variety of clinical presentations accompany a range of severities, which are described as different forms of CAH, and are the result of these hormonal imbalances. The incidence of CAH worldwide is approximately 1 in 15,000 live births, and is population-dependent; thus, its inclusion in neonatal screening tests is widely discussed. Diagnosis of CAH is based on the quantification of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, usually by immunoassay, which has low specificity and high false-positive rates, resulting in a relatively high demand for a second-tier confirmation test. We report a case of a newborn recognized as female at birth, but showing ambiguous genitalia and other CAH clinical features, including hypernatremia, in the first days of life. In addition to the classical assays, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the serum steroid profile, allowing for the accurate and simultaneous quantification of seven steroids in the same analysis. Such an application immediately revealed an alteration in the levels of specific steroids related to CAH, leading to an early intervention by hormone replacement therapy. Subsequently, the diagnosis of classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was further confirmed by molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Stefano Tumini
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Paola Irma Guidone
- Department of Pediatrics, “Ospedale della Murgia—Fabio Perinei ”, 70022 Altamura, Italy;
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franchi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Psychological, Healthand Territory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lisi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pescara Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Lelli Chiesa
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pescara Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Psychological, Healthand Territory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (D.P.); (M.Z.); (S.F.); (L.S.); (V.D.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Evaluation of a bracketing calibration-based isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference measurement procedure for 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7095-7104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Liu Q, Chi Q, Fan RT, Tian HD, Wang X. Quantitative-Profiling Method of Serum Steroid Hormones by Hydroxylamine-Derivatization HPLC-MS. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:201-208. [PMID: 30968349 PMCID: PMC6538747 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of ten steroid hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progesterones, and corticosteroids four classes of steroids. The following ten steroid hormones were analyzed: progesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, estrone, 4-androstenedione, testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, androstenone, dehydroepiandrosterone, corticosterone and cortisone. Stable deuterated isotopes were used as internal standards for quantification. Sample preparation with and without derivatization were performed after liquid-liquid extraction, and the corresponding results were compared according to sensitivity and selectivity. Hydroxylamine derivatization was found to improve the ionization efficiency of the analytes for electrospray ionization MS analysis. The gradient of mobile phase and experimental parameters for HPLC separation were optimized. The lower limits of quantification were in the range of 0.05-5 ng mL-1 with wide linear range for the ten steroid hormones. The intra-day precision < 11.1% and recovery of 84.5-120% with negligible matrix effect were achieved, where within the acceptance limits of the FDA guideline. Total HPLC-MS analysis time was 6 min. This method enables simultaneous quantification of steroids in human serum. It will be helpful for the serum steroid profiling in order to understand various endocrinology diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Olisov D, Lee K, Jun SH, Song SH, Kim JH, Lee YA, Shin CH, Song J. Measurement of serum steroid profiles by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1117:1-9. [PMID: 30986707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate investigations of adrenal hormone levels play a vital role in pediatric endocrinology for the detection of steroid-related disorders. In this study, we developed and validated a simultaneous assay for eight serum steroids, i.e., DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone, 17‑hydroxyprogesterone, DHEA‑sulfate, pregnenolone‑sulfate and cholesterol-sulfate, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Serum samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with methyl t‑butyl ether. Quantitation by LC-MS/MS was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization source. The run time was 10 min. Analytical performance was evaluated, including imprecision, linearity, ion suppression, carry over and detection capabilities. Serum specimens from 59 children and 120 adults were analyzed to compare the distribution of steroid levels between the groups. All hormones were effectively extracted and separated using our method. The method was essentially free from potential interference and ion suppression. Within-run and between-run imprecision values were <20%. The lower limits of quantification varied from 0.025 to 10 ng/mL. The results were generally good and correlated with those obtained using immunoassay techniques. We developed the HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous measurement of free and sulfated steroid hormones. The performance of the developed method was generally acceptable. Thus, this method may provide a novel approach to steroid profiling in children of age before adrenarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Olisov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Yamamoto MMW, de Medeiros SF. Differential activity of the corticosteroidogenic enzymes in normal cycling women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:3-13. [PMID: 30798426 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic complex of patients with definitive diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome may include patients with normal and high serum androgen levels. Patients with hyperandrogenemia seem to present higher risk of changes to the glucose and lipid metabolism and, eventually, of earlier development of cardiovascular diseases than normoandrogenemic patients or healthy women. From a laboratory and clinical point of view, it is important to check androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. The identification of partial insufficiency of a given corticosteroidogenic enzyme is also relevant to understand the physiopathology of androgen increase in polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, the present review analyzes the functions of the different enzymes involved in the ovary and adrenal steroidogenesis in normal cycling women and in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition, it emphasizes appropriate reason for investigating eventual enzyme deficiency to provide rationale for prescription and follow-up of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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19
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Fanelli F, Baronio F, Ortolano R, Mezzullo M, Cassio A, Pagotto U, Balsamo A. Normative Basal Values of Hormones and Proteins of Gonadal and Adrenal Functions from Birth to Adulthood. Sex Dev 2018; 12:50-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000486840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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20
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Greaves RF, Ho CS, Loh TP, Chai JH, Jolly L, Graham P, Hartmann MF, de Rijke YB, Wudy SA. Current state and recommendations for harmonization of serum/plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone mass spectrometry methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1685-1697. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) methods show considerable variation in results in external quality assurance (EQA) programs. An understanding of the current status of MS-based serum/plasma 17OHP quantification is important to facilitate harmonization.
Methods:
A 50-item e-survey related to (1) laboratory characteristics, (2) pre-analytical considerations and (3) analysis of 17OHP was developed and circulated to clinical MS laboratories via professional associations in Asia Pacific, Europe and North America.
Results:
Forty-four laboratories from 17 countries completed the survey. Sample preparation varied between laboratories with protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction being the most common processes. Analyte separation was most commonly achieved by liquid chromatography (LC) using a C18 column and mobile phases of water, methanol and formic acid. The ions selected for quantification were 331>97 m/z or 331>109 m/z. Alternative transition ions were used as qualifiers. Twenty-seven of 44 respondents reported preparing their calibrators in-house and variations in material purity and matrix were evident. Nine of 44 laboratories did not participate in an EQA program, and half did not know if their method separated out isobars. The reference intervals, and also their partitioning, reported by the laboratories were highly discrepant, in some cases, by multiple folds.
Conclusions:
Although MS-based methods are similar in many facets, they are highly disparate. Five recommendations have been developed as an outcome of this survey to support the continued improvement of analysis of serum/plasma 17OHP by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronda F. Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , PO Box 71 , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria , 3083 Australia
- Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit , Department of Chemical Pathology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR , Peoples Republic of China
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jia Hui Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Lisa Jolly
- RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Chemical Pathology , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Chemical Pathology , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michaela F. Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit , Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | | | - Stefan A. Wudy
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit , Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
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21
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Snaterse G, Visser JA, Arlt W, Hofland J. Circulating steroid hormone variations throughout different stages of prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R403-R420. [PMID: 28924064 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play a central role in the maintenance and progression of prostate cancer. The androgen receptor is the primary driver of tumor cell proliferation and is activated by the androgens testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Inhibition of this pathway through medical or surgical castration improves survival in the majority of advanced prostate cancer patients. However, conversion of adrenal androgen precursors and alternative steroidogenic pathways have been found to contribute to tumor progression and resistance to treatment. The emergence of highly accurate detection methods allows us to study steroidogenic mechanisms in more detail, even after treatment with potent steroidogenic inhibitors such as the CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone. A clear overview of steroid hormone levels in patients throughout the local, metastatic and castration-resistant stages of prostate cancer and treatment modalities is key toward a better understanding of their role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. In this review, we summarize the currently available data on steroid hormones that have been implicated in the various stages of prostate cancer. Additionally, this review addresses the implications of these findings, highlights important studies in this field and identifies current gaps in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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22
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de Medeiros SF, Ormond CM, de Medeiros MAS, de Souza Santos N, Banhara CR, Yamamoto MMW. Metabolic and endocrine connections of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in polycystic ovary syndrome women. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:479-488. [PMID: 28784626 PMCID: PMC5592777 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the anthropometric, and metabolic connections of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in the normo- and hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study was conducted at the Julio Muller University Hospital, Cuiabá, Brazil, between January 2014 and July 2016, and 91 normal cycling healthy women, 46 normoandrogenemic and 147 hyperandrogenemic, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were enrolled according to the Rotterdam criteria. Several anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters were properly verified and correlated with 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHPE) concentrations. RESULTS 17-OHPE was higher in hyperandrogenemic PCOS than in normoandrogenemic PCOS and in control groups (P = 0.032 and P < 0.001, respectively). In healthy controls, 17-OHPE was positively associated with glucose, free estrogen index, DHEAS and negatively associated with compounds S. In normoandrogenemic PCOS patients, 17-OHPE presented positive correlations with VAI, LAP, cortisol, insulin and HOMA-IR. In the hyperandrogenemic group, 17-OHPE presented significant negative correlations with most anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR, HOMA %B, estradiol, free estrogen index (FEI), C-peptide, and TG levels and positive correlations with HOMA-S and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione (A4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Regarding hyperandrogenemic PCOS, and using a stepwise multiple regression, only HOMA-S and WHR were retained in the model (R2 = 0.294, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION 17-OHPE exhibited different relationships with anthropometric, and biochemical parameters in PCOS patients, depending on the androgen levels. In PCOS subjects with high androgen concentrations, 17-OHPE was negatively associated with most anthropometric parameters, particularly with those used as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction and frequently employed as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk; otherwise, 17-OHPE was positively associated with HDL-C and HOMA-S in this patients. Future studies are required to evaluate the clinical implications of these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMedical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and MenopauseCuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nayara de Souza Santos
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMedical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and MenopauseCuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Camila Regis Banhara
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMedical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and MenopauseCuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
The advent of mass spectrometry into the clinical laboratory has led to an improvement in clinical management of several endocrine diseases. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry found some of its first clinical applications in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, in quantitative steroid analysis, and in drug analysis laboratories. Mass spectrometry assays offer analytical sensitivity and specificity that is superior to immunoassays for many analytes. This article highlights several areas of clinical endocrinology that have witnessed the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S Ketha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 2nd Street, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hemamalini Ketha
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Room 2F432, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Tavita N, Greaves RF. Systematic review of serum steroid reference intervals developed using mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1260-1274. [PMID: 28733189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the published literature to determine the available serum/plasma steroid reference intervals generated by mass spectrometry (MS) methods across all age groups in healthy subjects and to suggest recommendations to achieve common MS based reference intervals for serum steroids. MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases were used to conduct a comprehensive search for English language, MS-based reference interval studies for serum/plasma steroids. Selection of steroids to include was based on those listed in the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, Chemical Pathology, Endocrine Program. This methodology has been registered onto the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (ID number: CRD42015029637). After accounting for duplicates, a total of 60 manuscripts were identified through the search strategy. Following critical evaluation, a total of 16 studies were selected. Of the 16 studies, 12 reported reference intervals for testosterone, 11 for 17 hydroxy-progesterone, nine for androstenedione, six for cortisol, three for progesterone, two for dihydrotestosterone and only one for aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. No studies established MS-based reference intervals for oestradiol. As far as we are aware, this report provides the first comparison of the peer reviewed literature for serum/plasma steroid reference intervals generated by MS-based methods. The reference intervals based on these published studies can be used to inform the process to develop common reference intervals, and agreed reporting units for mass spectrometry based steroid methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevada Tavita
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia..
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25
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Menet MC, Hebert-Schuster ML, Lahlou N, Marcellin L, Leguy MC, Gayet V, Guibourdenche J. rFSH in medically assisted procreation: Evidence for ovarian follicular hyperplasia and interest of mass spectrometry to measure 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione in serum. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 450:105-112. [PMID: 28461075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian monitoring requires the determination of serum estradiol and progesterone levels. We investigated whole follicular steroidogenesis under rFSH in medically assisted procreation (MAP: 26 IVF, 24 ICSI) compared to 11 controls (IUI). Estrone, estradiol, Δ4-androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were measured by immunoassay and mass spectrometry except for estrogens. At the start of a spontaneous or induced cycle, steroids levels fluctuated within normal ranges: estradiol (314-585 pmol/L), estrone (165-379 pmol/L) testosterone (1.3-1.6 nmol/L), Δ4-androstenedione (4.5-5.6 nmol/L), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (2.1-2.2 nmol/L) and progesterone (1.8-1.9 nmol/L). 17-hydroxyprogesterone, Δ 4-androstenedione and estradiol predominated. Then estradiol and oestrone levels rise, but less markedly for oestrone in IUI. In MAP, rFSH injections induce a sharp increase in estrogens associated with a rise in 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione levels, disrupting oestrogen/androgen ratios. rFSH stimulation induces an ovarian hyperplasia and Δ4pathway which could become abnormal. Determining 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione levels with LC-MS/MS may therefore be useful in managing recurrent MAP failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Menet
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M L Hebert-Schuster
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Department of Automated Biology, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - N Lahlou
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - L Marcellin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M C Leguy
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - V Gayet
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - J Guibourdenche
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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26
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Arthur KL, Turner MA, Brailsford AD, Kicman AT, Cowan DA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Rapid Analysis of Anabolic Steroid Metabolites in Urine by Combining Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7431-7437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L. Arthur
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Brailsford
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kicman
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Cowan
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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27
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Fiet J, Le Bouc Y, Guéchot J, Hélin N, Maubert MA, Farabos D, Lamazière A. A Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectometry Profile of 16 Serum Steroids, Including 21-Deoxycortisol and 21-Deoxycorticosterone, for Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:186-201. [PMID: 29264476 PMCID: PMC5686660 DOI: 10.1210/js.2016-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH21) is most often diagnosed by newborn screening. The classic parameter studied is 17-hydroxy-progesterone, but the positive predictive value for the diagnosis of CAH is low in full-term newborns and even lower in preterm newborns. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of simultaneously quantifying a large number of steroids by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from a small serum volume in patients with CAH, particularly during the neonatal period. Setting and participants: LC-MS/MS was applied to sera from patients with CAH who had a classic form (n = 48) and rare forms (n = 2) of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, normal preterm (n = 10) and normal full-term (n = 20) neonates, and young patients without CAH (non-CAH; n = 149) but with various other diseases (delayed or advanced puberty, hirsutism, pubarche, adrenarche, simple growth retardation). Methods: Sixteen steroids (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, Δ5-steroids) were analyzed in 150 µL of serum by LC-MS/MS. Results: An LC-MS/MS serum steroid profile was developed and validated to provide a reliable etiologic diagnosis of CAH. The serum levels of 17OH-progesterone and 21 deoxycortisol in non-CAH are reported, along with the rarely assayed 21-deoxycorticorticosterone and 11β hydroxy Δ4-androstenedione, which will aid in the diagnosis of CAH21. In addition, serum levels of mineralocorticoids, androgens, and Δ5-steroids allowed investigation of other forms of CAH. Conclusion: This steroid LC-MS/MS approach on a small serum volume is well suited for pediatrics, particularly neonatal medical practice, to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of various forms of CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fiet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.,APHP, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ-Paris 06, 75005 France; and
| | - Jérôme Guéchot
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hélin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Maubert
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,INSERM ERL1157, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7203 LBM, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et du Métabolisme des Lipides, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Farabos
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,INSERM ERL1157, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7203 LBM, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et du Métabolisme des Lipides, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Département PM2, Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et de Dosage de Médicaments, and.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ-Paris 06, 75005 France; and
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28
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Bergquist M, Huss F, Fredén F, Hedenstierna G, Hästbacka J, Rockwood AL, Kushnir MM, Bergquist J. Altered adrenal and gonadal steroids biosynthesis in patients with burn injury. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2016; 1:19-26. [PMID: 39193421 PMCID: PMC11324613 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Burn injury inevitably leads to changes in the endogenous production of cytokines, as well as adrenal and gonadal steroids. Previous studies have reported gender-related differences in outcome following burn injury, which suggests that gonadal steroids may play a role. The aim of this study was to assess alterations in concentration of endogenous steroids in patients with burn injury. Methods For this single-center, prospective descriptive study, high-sensitivity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based steroid quantification was used to determine longitudinal profiles of the concentrations of endogenous steroids in plasma from sixteen adult male patients with burn injury (14.5-72% of total body surface area). Steroids were extracted from plasma samples and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring acquisition, with electrospray ionization on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer. Total protein concentration was measured in the samples using spectrophotometry. Results Steroid and total protein concentration distributions were compared to reference intervals characteristic of healthy adult men. Concentrations of the following steroids in plasma of burn injured patients were found to correlate positively to the area of the burn injury: cortisol (r = 0.84), corticosterone (r = 0.73), 11-deoxycortisol (r = 0.72), androstenedione (r = 0.72), 17OH-progesterone (r = 0.68), 17OH-pregnenolone (r = 0.64) and pregnenolone (r = 0.77). Concentrations of testosterone decreased during the acute phase and were up to ten-times lower than reference values for healthy adult men, while concentrations of estrone were elevated. By day 21 after injury, testosterone concentrations were increased in younger, but not older, patients. The highest concentrations of estrone were observed on day 3 after the injury and then declined by day 21 to concentrations comparable to those observed on the day of the injury. Conclusion Burn injury alters endogenous steroid biosynthesis, with decreased testosterone concentrations and elevated estrone concentrations, during the first 21 days after the injury. Concentrations of glucocorticoids, progestagens and androgen precursors correlated positively with the area of burn injury. The finding of increased estrone following burn injury needs to be confirmed in a larger hypothesis-driven study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bergquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, The Hedenstierna Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Huss
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Burn Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Fredén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Burn Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hedenstierna
- Department of Medical Sciences, The Hedenstierna Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Intensive Care Medicine Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Alan L. Rockwood
- ARUP Institute for Clinical & Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1221, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Mark M. Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical & Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1221, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Kushnir MM, Naessén T, Wanggren K, Hreinsson J, Rockwood AL, Meikle AW, Bergquist J. Exploratory study of the association of steroid profiles in stimulated ovarian follicular fluid with outcomes of IVF treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:126-33. [PMID: 26388251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroid concentrations in stimulated follicular fluid (sFF) samples have been linked to the quality of oocytes used in IVF treatments. Most of the published studies focused on evaluating the association of the IVF outcomes with only a few of the steroids, measured by immunoassays (IA). We performed a treatment outcome, prospective cohort study using stimulated FF sampled from 14 infertile women undergoing IVF treatment; single oocyte was used per IVF cycle. Fourteen endogenous steroids were analyzed in 22 ovarian follicle aspirations, which corresponded to the embryos used in the IVF. Ten oocytes were associated with live birth (LB) and 12 with no pregnancy (NP). Steroids were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Differences in distribution of concentrations in association with the pregnancy outcome (LB or NP), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis were performed for the entire cohort and for within-women data. The predominant androgen and estrogen in stimulated sFF were androstenedione (A4) and estradiol (E2), respectively. Lower concentrations of pregnenolone (Pr), lower ratios of A4/ dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (Te)/DHEA, and greater ratios of E2/Te, and estrone/A4 were observed in sFF samples associated with LB. Among the oocytes associated with NP, in four out of 12 samples total concentration of androgens was above the distribution of the concentrations in the oocytes corresponding to the LB group. Observations of the study indicated increased consumption of precursors and increased biosynthesis of estrogens in the follicles associated with LB. Our data suggest that potentially steroid profiles in sFF obtained during oocyte retrieval may serve as biomarkers for selection of the best embryo to transfer after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP (®) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA; Analytical Chemistry/Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center and SciLife Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tord Naessén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Wanggren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alan L Rockwood
- ARUP (®) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - A Wayne Meikle
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA; Analytical Chemistry/Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center and SciLife Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Venne P, Yargeau V, Segura PA. Quantification of ecdysteroids and retinoic acids in whole daphnids by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:57-64. [PMID: 26898150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of ecdysteroids and retinoic acids at picograms per individual is typically achieved with radioimmunoassay methods. However, those methods cannot identify individual types of ecdysteroids or provide an absolute concentration, which poses problems for comparative assays such as the metabolic profiling approach for toxicity testing. The method described in the present paper, based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, was developed to allow the quantification in whole daphnids extracts of ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, ponasterone A) and retinoic acid (sum of isomers). This approach avoids having to perform the difficult task of sampling the haemolymph on small organism (<5mm). Recoveries, evaluated at three concentrations in matrix blank fortified samples, ranged from 83 to 119% for ecdysteroids and from 144 to 155% for retinoic acids. Precision (2.4-14.2%) and accuracy (-41.7 to 14.5%) were reproducible and stable over three quality control concentrations. The described liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method achieved quantification limits ranging from 210 to 380 pg mL(-1) for ecdysteroids and 5 ng mL(-1) for retinoic acids in spiked matrix blanks. 20-hydroxyecdysone was quantified in Daphnia magna adults (19 ± 8 pg ind(-1)) and juveniles (3.6 ± 1.0 pg ind(-1)), but was below the limit of quantification in neonates (≈ 0.19 pg ind(-1)). Ecdysone was also detected in adult specimens (≈ 1.8 pg ind(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Venne
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1 K 2R1, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1 K 2R1, Canada.
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Holst BS, Kushnir MM, Bergquist J. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for analysis of endogenous steroids in the luteal phase and early pregnancy in dogs: a pilot study. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:552-8. [PMID: 26595760 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood samples from dogs are often limited in volume, only allowing few steroids to be quantified with immunoassays. In addition, immunoassays may be compromised by interferences such as anti-reagent antibodies. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can be used for the simultaneous quantitation of several steroids. This has not been described in dogs before. OBJECTIVES The aims were to use LC-MS/MS to study steroid profiles in early pregnancy and luteal phase in dogs, and to determine if differences exist between pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) dogs. METHODS Nine female dogs were included, 4 during a NP luteal phase, 4 during a P luteal phase, and one during one NP and one P luteal phase. Blood samples were collected around the time of the LH surge (Day 0) and on Day 26. Serum was analyzed for 5 classes of steroids, including glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, pregnanes, and progestins, using LC-MS/MS methods. RESULTS The concentration of progesterone was significantly higher on Day 26 in P than in NP bitches. Distribution of concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, or pregnanes in P and NP dogs were not statistically different. The predominating glucocorticoid was cortisol, and dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was the predominating androgen. Concentration of estrone was comparable to oestradiol, whereas concentrations of pregnenolone were higher than those of 17-OH pregnenolone. CONCLUSIONS Only concentration of progesterone differed between P and NP bitches, being significantly higher on Day 26 in P than in NP bitches. LC-MS/MS offers interesting possibilities for studies of canine reproductive endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil S Holst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Reproductive Biology, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Derivatization of steroids in biological samples for GC–MS and LC–MS analyses. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2515-36. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of steroids in biological samples is essential in different areas of knowledge. MS combined with either GC or LC is considered the best analytical technique for specific and sensitive determinations. However, due to the physicochemical properties of some steroids, and the low concentrations found in biological samples, the formation of a derivative prior to their analysis is required. In GC–MS determinations, derivatization is needed for generating volatile and thermally stable compounds. The improvement in terms of stability and chromatographic retention are the main reasons for selecting the derivatization agent. On the other hand, derivatization is not compulsory in LC–MS analyses and the derivatization is typically used for improving the ionization and therefore the overall sensitivity achieved.
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Interrelationships Among Cortisol, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, and Androstenendione Exposures in the Management of Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. J Investig Med 2015; 63:35-41. [DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sarafoglou K, Gonzalez-Bolanos MT, Zimmerman CL, Boonstra T, Yaw Addo O, Brundage R. Comparison of cortisol exposures and pharmacodynamic adrenal steroid responses to hydrocortisone suspension vs. commercial tablets. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 55:452-7. [PMID: 25385533 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) recommend against using hydrocortisone suspension based on a study that examined a commercial suspension. Our objective was to examine the absorption of an extemporaneously prepared hydrocortisone suspension and compare it to tablets. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione adrenal steroid responses. Using a parallel design, 34 children diagnosed with CAH received either suspension (n = 9; median age 1.8 years) or tablets (n = 25; median age 7.5 years). Patients were given their usual morning hydrocortisone formulation and dose; 12 serial blood samples were obtained and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The mg/m(2) dose-normalized cortisol AUCs were no different in the suspension and tablet groups (P = ·06), nor was there a significant difference in the C(max) or T(max) (P = .08 and P = .41, respectively). Although there were no differences in the 17-hydroxyprogesterone change-from-baseline AUCs, baseline concentrations, or the nadir concentrations when comparing suspension and tablet formulations, the androstenedione values were significantly lower as expected in the younger aged suspension group. Our results offer compelling evidence that an extemporaneously prepared hydrocortisone suspension provides comparable cortisol exposures to commercially available tablet formulations in children and can be used to safely and effectively treat CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ray JA, Kushnir MM, Palmer J, Sadjadi S, Rockwood AL, Meikle AW. Enhancement of specificity of aldosterone measurement in human serum and plasma using 2D-LC–MS/MS and comparison with commercial immunoassays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Biro FM, Pinney SM, Huang B, Baker ER, Walt Chandler D, Dorn LD. Hormone changes in peripubertal girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3829-35. [PMID: 25029416 PMCID: PMC4184081 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies of hormone changes in the peripubertal period note increases in adrenal hormones prior to increases in sex steroids. It is unclear how these processes are related to each other, except through this temporal relationship. OBJECTIVE Examine relationships in adrenal and sex hormones in 252 peripubertal girls. SETTING AND DESIGN Longitudinal observation study. School districts, at the Cincinnati site of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers, between 2004-2010. Participants were recruited between ages 6 and 7 years of age and were seen every 6 months. Main outcome measures included height, weight, maturation status, and fasting blood specimen. Serum was analyzed for selected hormones every six months, beginning 30 months prior to, and extending to 6 months after, breast development. Androstenedione, estradiol, estrone, and T were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and SHBG also were measured. RESULTS DHEA-S concentrations increased 24 months before breast development; androstenedione and estrone between 12 to 18 months before breast development; whereas estradiol and T increased, and SHBG fell between 6 and 12 months before breast development. Girls with greater body mass index had lower estradiol concentrations at onset of breast development as well as 6 months after pubertal onset. CONCLUSIONS Serum estrone and DHEA-S increased prior to estradiol concentrations, and the increase in estradiol occurred prior to breast development. Heavier peripubertal girls have lower estradiol levels at puberty, suggesting peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens to estrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Biro
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (F.M.B., B.H., E.R.B.); Department of Environmental Health (S.M.P.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Esoterix Laboratories, Endocrine Sciences (D.W.C.), Calabasas Hills, California 91301; and the Pennsylvania State University (L.D.D.), University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
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de Medeiros SF, Barbosa JS, Yamamoto MMW. Comparison of steroidogenic pathways among normoandrogenic and hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome patients and normal cycling women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:254-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical Science School - UFMT; Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
- Julio Muller University Hospital; Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Menopause; Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Marly Winck Yamamoto
- Julio Muller University Hospital; Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Menopause; Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
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Ray JA, Kushnir MM, Yost RA, Rockwood AL, Wayne Meikle A. Performance enhancement in the measurement of 5 endogenous steroids by LC-MS/MS combined with differential ion mobility spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:330-6. [PMID: 25110813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenges for steroid analysis by LC-MS/MS include low ionization efficiency, endogenous isobars with similar fragmentation patterns and chromatographic retention. Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) provides an additional degree of separation prior to MS/MS detection, and shows promise in improving specificity of analysis. We developed a sensitive and specific method for measurement of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone in human serum and plasma using an ABSciex 5500 mass spectrometer equipped with a differential ion mobility interface. METHODS 250μL aliquots of serum were spiked with deuterated internal standards and extracted with MTBE. The samples were analyzed using positive mode electrospray LC-DMS-MS/MS. The method was validated and compared with immunoassays and LC-MS/MS methods of reference laboratories. RESULTS Inter and intra assay imprecision was <10%. Limits of quantification and detection in nmol/L were 0.18, 0.09 for corticosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 0.30, 0.16 for 11-deoxycortisol, 0.12, 0.06 for progesterone and 0.06, 0.03 for 11-deoxycorticosterone. Comparison for progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone with immunoassay showed slopes of 0.97 and 1.0, intercepts of 0.16 and 0.10 and coefficients of determination (r(2)) of 0.92 and 0.97, respectively. Progesterone by immunoassay showed positive bias in samples measuring <3.18nmol/L. Reference intervals for progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone in post-menopausal women were found to be <2.88 and <0.28nmol/L respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated an LC-DMS-MS/MS method for analysis of five endogenous steroids suitable for routine measurements in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Specificity gained with DMS allows reducing the complexity of sample preparation, decreasing LC run times and increasing speed of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Ray
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A Wayne Meikle
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Cross-reactivity of steroid hormone immunoassays: clinical significance and two-dimensional molecular similarity prediction. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:33. [PMID: 25071417 PMCID: PMC4112981 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoassays are widely used in clinical laboratories for measurement of plasma/serum concentrations of steroid hormones such as cortisol and testosterone. Immunoassays can be performed on a variety of standard clinical chemistry analyzers, thus allowing even small clinical laboratories to do analysis on-site. One limitation of steroid hormone immunoassays is interference caused by compounds with structural similarity to the target steroid of the assay. Interfering molecules include structurally related endogenous compounds and their metabolites as well as drugs such as anabolic steroids and synthetic glucocorticoids. Methods Cross-reactivity of a structurally diverse set of compounds were determined for the Roche Diagnostics Elecsys assays for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. These data were compared and contrasted to package insert data and published cross-reactivity studies for other marketed steroid hormone immunoassays. Cross-reactivity was computationally predicted using the technique of two-dimensional molecular similarity. Results The Roche Elecsys Cortisol and Testosterone II assays showed a wider range of cross-reactivity than the DHEA sulfate, Estradiol II, and Progesterone II assays. 6-Methylprednisolone and prednisolone showed high cross-reactivity for the cortisol assay, with high likelihood of clinically significant effect for patients administered these drugs. In addition, 21-deoxycortisol likely produces clinically relevant cross-reactivity for cortisol in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, while 11-deoxycortisol may produce clinically relevant cross-reactivity in 11β-hydroxylase deficiency or following metyrapone challenge. Several anabolic steroids may produce clinically significant false positives on the testosterone assay, although interpretation is limited by sparse pharmacokinetic data for some of these drugs. Norethindrone therapy may impact immunoassay measurement of testosterone in women. Using two-dimensional similarity calculations, all compounds with high cross-reactivity also showed a high degree of similarity to the target molecule of the immunoassay. Conclusions Compounds producing cross-reactivity in steroid hormone immunoassays generally have a high degree of structural similarity to the target hormone. Clinically significant interactions can occur with structurally similar drugs (e.g., prednisolone and cortisol immunoassays; methyltestosterone and testosterone immunoassays) or with endogenous compounds such as 21-deoxycortisol that can accumulate to very high concentrations in certain disease conditions. Simple similarity calculations can help triage compounds for future testing of assay cross-reactivity.
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Søeborg T, Frederiksen H, Mouritsen A, Johannsen TH, Main KM, Jørgensen N, Petersen JH, Andersson AM, Juul A. Sex, age, pubertal development and use of oral contraceptives in relation to serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, Δ4-androstenedione, testosterone and their ratios in children, adolescents and young adults. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:6-13. [PMID: 24976611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex, age, pubertal development and oral contraceptives on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), Δ4-androstenedione (Adione), testosterone (T), calculated free testosterone (fT), free androgen index (FAI) and selected ratios in 1798 serum samples from healthy children, adolescents and young adults was evaluated. Samples were analyzed by Turboflow-LC-MS/MS. Sex hormone-binding globulin was analyzed by immunoassay. All steroid metabolite concentrations were positively associated with age and pubertal development in both sexes and generally higher in males than in females except for Adione. The pubertal rise in T in males was more pronounced compared to females, reflecting contribution from the testes. Ratios between steroid metabolites varied and depended on sex and age. All ratios were lower during infancy compared to later in life. Use of oral contraceptives significantly lowered serum concentrations of all steroid metabolites, fT, FAI, the 17-OHP/Adione, the Adione/T and the DHEA/Adione ratios, but not the DHEA/DHEAS ratio. We provide reference ranges for DHEA, DHEAS, 17-OHP, Adione, T, fT, FAI and selected ratios in relation to sex, age and pubertal development. Use of oral contraceptives strongly influences adrenal steroidogenesis and should be considered when diagnosing and monitoring treatment of patients with disorders of sex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Søeborg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Mouritsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina Maria Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Salter SJ, Cook P, Davies JH, Armston AE. Analysis of 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone in bloodspots by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:126-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563214530676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Monitoring of treatment for patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can be performed by measuring the concentration of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in bloodspots collected on filter papers. A method is described here for measuring 17OHP by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). Methods 17OHP was extracted by liquid–liquid extraction and analysed by LCMSMS. The method was validated for sensitivity, specificity, linearity, recovery, ion suppression, precision and bias. Results The standard curve was linear from 0 to 400 nmol/L. Intra-assay %CVs were <10 and inter-assay %CVs were <15 over the range 10–200 nmol/L. Limit of quantitation was 6 nmol/L. No ion suppression was detected. The only interfering compound detected was deoxycorticosterone, an intermediate steroid with the same molecular weight as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. The method was more accurate and precise than an existing radioimmunoassay. There was poor correlation between the two assays. Conclusions We have developed a sensitive and specific assay suitable for quantitation of 17OHP in bloodspots. This method performs better than radioimmunoassay and allows smaller samples to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Cook
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Annie E Armston
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Wilton JH, Titus MA, Efstathiou E, Fetterly GJ, Mohler JL. Androgenic biomarker prof|ling in human matrices and cell culture samples using high throughput, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Prostate 2014; 74:722-31. [PMID: 24847527 PMCID: PMC4335642 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND. A high throughput, high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with triple quadrupole mass spectral detection (LC/MS/MS) was validated for the measurement of 5 endogenous androgens in human plasma and serum and applied to various in vivo and in vitro study samples to pursue a better understanding of the interrelationship of the androgen axis, intracrine metabolism, and castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CaP). METHODS A Shimadzu HPLC system interfaced with a Sciex QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization was used with in line column-switching. Samples were liquid/liquid extracted and chromatographed on a Luna C18(2) column at 60°C with a biphasic gradient using a 15-min run time. RESULTS The method was validated for five androgens in human plasma and serum, and applied to four sets of samples. Plasma (n=188) and bone marrow aspirate (n=129) samples from patients with CaP, who received abiraterone acetate plus prednisone for up to 945 days(135 weeks), had undetectable androgens after 8 weeks of treatment. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) concentrations were higher in African Americans than Caucasian Americans with newly diagnosed CaP. Analysis of prostate tumor tissue homogenates demonstrated reproducible testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations with a minimal sample size of 1.0–2.0 mg of tissue. Finally, cell pellet and media samples from the LNCaP C4-2 cell line showed conversion of T to DHT. CONCLUSION The proposed LC/MS/MS method was validated for quantitation of five endogenous androgens in human plasma and serum, and effectively profiles androgens in clinical specimens and cell culture samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Wilton
- PK/PD Core Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Correspondence to: John H. Wilton, PhD, PK/PD Core Resource, CGP L1-140, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Mark A. Titus
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- David H. Koch Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | | | - James L. Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Saxena A, Gupta A, Kasibhatta R, Bob M, Kumar VP, Purwar B. Rapid and sensitive method for quantification of gestodene in human plasma as the oxime derivative by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and its application to bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 945-946:240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grönbladh A, Johansson J, Kushnir MM, Bergquist J, Hallberg M. The impact of nandrolone decanoate and growth hormone on biosynthesis of steroids in rats. Steroids 2013; 78:1192-9. [PMID: 24012727 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used in sports communities. Several studies have suggested an association between GH and AAS. We have investigated the impact of GH in rats treated with nandrolone decanoate (ND). Male Wistar rats received ND (15 mg/kg) every third day during three weeks and were subsequently treated with recombinant human GH (1.0I U/kg) for ten consecutive days. Plasma samples were collected and peripheral organs (i.e. heart, liver, testis and thymus) were dissected and weighed. Concentration of thirteen endogenous steroids was measured in the rat plasma samples using high specificity LC-MS/MS methods. Seven steroids were detected and quantified, and concentrations of estrone, testosterone, and androstenedione were significantly different among the groups, while concentrations of pregnenolone, DHEA, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and corticosterone were not altered. Administration of rhGH alone altered the plasma steroid distribution, and the results demonstrated significantly increased concentrations of plasma estrone as well as decreased concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione in the ND-treated rats. Administration of rhGH to ND-pretreated rats did not reverse the alteration of the steroid distribution induced by ND. Administration of ND decreased the weight of the thymus, and addition of rhGH did not reverse this reduction. However, rhGH administration induced an enlargement of thymus. Taken together, the plasma steroid profile differed in the four groups, i.e. control, AAS, rhGH and the combination of AAS and rhGH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfhild Grönbladh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chemometric evaluation of urinary steroid hormone levels as potential biomarkers of neuroendocrine tumors. Molecules 2013; 18:12857-76. [PMID: 24135941 PMCID: PMC6269673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon tumors which can secrete specific hormone products such as peptides, biogenic amines and hormones. So far, the diagnosis of NETs has been difficult because most NET markers are not specific for a given tumor and none of the NET markers can be used to fulfil the criteria of high specificity and high sensitivity for the screening procedure. However, by combining the measurements of different NET markers, they become highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. The aim of the work was to identify whether urinary steroid hormones can be identified as potential new biomarkers of NETs, which could be used as prognostic and clinical course monitoring factors. Thus, a rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with UV detection has been developed for the determination of cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, testosterone, epitestosterone and progesterone in human urine. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery and stability. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 1 ng mL−1 for each steroid hormone, respectively. Linearity was confirmed within a range of 1–300 ng mL−1 with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995 for all analytes. The described method was successfully applied for the quantification of six endogenous steroid levels in human urine. Studies were performed on 20 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with NETs. Next, for better understanding of tumor biology in NETs and for checking whether steroid hormones can be used as potential biomarkers of NETs, a chemometric analysis of urinary steroid hormone levels in both data sets was performed.
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Keevil BG. Novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for measuring steroids. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:663-74. [PMID: 24094637 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is increasingly becoming the method of choice for steroid hormone measurements due to small sample volumes, fast analysis times and improved specificity compared to immunoassays. Achievement of demanding analytical targets for steroid analysis is now becoming possible because of improvements in sample preparation technology, liquid chromatography column technology and mass spectrometer design. The most popular sample treatment strategies comprise protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SLE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Modern liquid chromatography columns can ensure the adequate separation of isobaric compounds e.g. 21 Deoxycortisol, 11 Deoxycortisol and Corticosterone. The most appropriate method may be chosen to improve assay sensitivity by reducing matrix effects (LLE, SPE) or simplicity and speed (PP). Specific examples of some clinically important steroids including oestradiol, aldosterone, renin, serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and salivary testosterone will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Keevil
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
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Medeiros SFD, Gil-Junior ÂB, Barbosa JS, Isaías ÉD, Yamamoto MMW. New insights into steroidogenesis in normo- and hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:437-44. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine corticosteroidogenic enzyme activities in normo- and hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cohort study included 81 patients with biochemical hyperandrogenism and 41 patients with normal androgen levels. Enzyme activities were assessed according to the serum steroid product/precursor ratios at baseline and after adrenal stimulation. RESULTS: At baseline, in the delta 4 (Δ4) pathway, hyperandrogenic patients showed greater 17-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities in converting progesterone (P4) into 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHPE) into androstenedione (A) (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.047, respectively) compared to normoandrogenic patients. In the delta 5 (Δ5) pathway, the 17-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase enzymes showed similar activities in both groups. Hyperandrogenic patients presented lower 21-hydroxylase, lower 11β-hydroxylase (p = 0.0001), and statistically significant increases in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II (3β-HSDII) activities (p < 0.0001). Following tetracosactrin stimulation, only the 17,20 lyase activity remained up-regulated in the Δ4 pathway (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Hyperandrogenic patients had higher 17,20 lyase activity, both at baseline and after adrenal stimulation. Greater conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into A with normal conversion of 17-OHPE to 17-OHP4 in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients indicated different levels of 3β-HSDII activity in adrenal cells, and hyperandrogenic patients had lower 11β-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil; Julio Muller University Hospital, Brazil; Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Menopause, Brazil
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48
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Baumgart J, Nilsson K, Stavreus Evers A, Kunovac Kallak T, Kushnir MM, Bergquist J, Sundström Poromaa I. Androgen levels during adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Climacteric 2013; 17:48-54. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Gosetti F, Mazzucco E, Gennaro MC, Marengo E. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination and profiling of prohibited steroids in human biological matrices. A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone in children determined by TurboFlow-LC–MS/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 419:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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