1
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Corn G, Lund M, Hlatky MA, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M. Familial Resemblance in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Statins in the Danish Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025465. [PMID: 35621215 PMCID: PMC9238694 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Change in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level after statin initiation varies widely among individuals, and in part may be because of factors shared by family members. Methods and Results We used the Danish national registers to identify 89 006 individuals who initiated statins between 2008 and 2018 and had LDL‐C measured immediately before and after the start of treatment. Among these, we identified 5148 first‐degree relatives and 3198 spouses. We decomposed the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation by applying a mixed‐effect model with 5 variance components (inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in statin response, and residual variance). Results were presented as a percentage of the total variance explained by the different variance components. We found that half of the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation consisted of variance in statin response, approximately one third of variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, and the remaining 10% to 15% of residual variance. While the inter‐individual variance in statin response accounted for almost half of the LDL‐C variation in both cohorts, the inter‐family variance in statin response accounted for 3.3% among first‐degree relatives and for 6.0% among spouses. Conclusions Individual factors account for most of the variation in LDL‐C level after statin initiation; factors affecting statin response common within spouses and first‐degree relatives account for a similar share of variation. These results suggest a modest influence of shared genetics and shared familial environment on statin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corn
- Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marie Lund
- Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mark A Hlatky
- Department of Health Policy and Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Jan Wohlfahrt
- Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA.,Center for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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2
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Hong MG, Dodig-Crnković T, Chen X, Drobin K, Lee W, Wang Y, Edfors F, Kotol D, Thomas CE, Sjöberg R, Odeberg J, Hamsten A, Silveira A, Hall P, Nilsson P, Pawitan Y, Uhlén M, Pedersen NL, Hägg S, Magnusson PK, Schwenk JM. Profiles of histidine-rich glycoprotein associate with age and risk of all-cause mortality. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/10/e202000817. [PMID: 32737166 PMCID: PMC7409555 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recognizing aging as a common risk factor of many human diseases, little is known about its molecular traits. To identify age-associated proteins circulating in human blood, we screened 156 individuals aged 50-92 using exploratory and multiplexed affinity proteomics assays. Profiling eight additional study sets (N = 3,987), performing antibody validation, and conducting a meta-analysis revealed a consistent age association (P = 6.61 × 10-6) for circulating histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Sequence variants of HRG influenced how the protein was recognized in the immunoassays. Indeed, only the HRG profiles affected by rs9898 were associated with age and predicted the risk of mortality (HR = 1.25 per SD; 95% CI = 1.12-1.39; P = 6.45 × 10-5) during a follow-up period of 8.5 yr after blood sampling (IQR = 7.7-9.3 yr). Our affinity proteomics analysis found associations between the particular molecular traits of circulating HRG with age and all-cause mortality. The distinct profiles of this multipurpose protein could serve as an accessible and informative indicator of the physiological processes related to biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Gwan Hong
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimi Drobin
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Woojoo Lee
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Kotol
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engel Thomas
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ronald Sjöberg
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Angela Silveira
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ke Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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3
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Wang W, Zhang C, Liu H, Xu C, Duan H, Tian X, Zhang D. Heritability and genome-wide association analyses of fasting plasma glucose in Chinese adult twins. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:491. [PMID: 32682390 PMCID: PMC7368793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, diabetes has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels that are higher than optimal, even if below the diagnostic threshold of diabetes, can also lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Here we intend to study the magnitude of the genetic influence on FPG variation by conducting structural equation modelling analysis and to further identify specific genetic variants potentially related to FPG levels by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Chinese twins. Results The final sample included 382 twin pairs: 139 dizygotic (DZ) pairs and 243 monozygotic (MZ) pairs. The DZ twin correlation for the FPG level (rDZ = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04–0.36) was much lower than half that of the MZ twin correlation (rMZ = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62–0.74). For the variation in FPG level, the AE model was the better fitting model, with additive genetic parameters (A) accounting for 67.66% (95% CI: 60.50–73.62%) and unique environmental or residual parameters (E) accounting for 32.34% (95% CI: 26.38–39.55%), respectively. In the GWAS, although no genetic variants reached the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10− 8), 28 SNPs exceeded the level of a suggestive association (P < 1 × 10− 5). One promising genetic region (2q33.1) around rs10931893 (P = 1.53 × 10− 7) was found. After imputing untyped SNPs, we found that rs60106404 (P = 2.38 × 10− 8) located at SPATS2L reached the genome-wide significance level, and 216 SNPs exceeded the level of a suggestive association. We found 1007 genes nominally associated with the FPG level (P < 0.05), including SPATS2L, KCNK5, ADCY5, PCSK1, PTPRA, and SLC26A11. Moreover, C1orf74 (P = 0.014) and SLC26A11 (P = 0.021) were differentially expressed between patients with impaired fasting glucose and healthy controls. Some important enriched biological pathways, such as β-alanine metabolism, regulation of insulin secretion, glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation, IL-1 receptor pathway, signaling by platelet derived growth factor, cysteine and methionine metabolism pathway, were identified. Conclusions The FPG level is highly heritable in the Chinese population, and genetic variants are significantly involved in regulatory domains, functional genes and biological pathways that mediate FPG levels. This study provides important clues for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of glucose homeostasis and discovering new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, China.
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4
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Abstract
The Swedish Twin Registry functions as research infrastructure containing information on 216,258 twins born between 1886 and 2015, of whom 86,199 pairs have zygosity determined by DNA, an intrapair similarity algorithm, or being of opposite sex. In essence, practically all twins alive and currently 9 years or older have been invited for participation and donation of DNA on which genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms array genotyping has been performed. Content, management and alternatives for future improvements are discussed.
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5
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Young AI, Frigge ML, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorleifsson G, Bjornsdottir G, Sulem P, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Kong A. Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1304-1310. [PMID: 30104764 PMCID: PMC6130754 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heritability measures the proportion of trait variation that is due to genetic inheritance. Measurement of heritability is important in the nature-versus-nurture debate. However, existing estimates of heritability may be biased by environmental effects. Here, we introduce relatedness disequilibrium regression (RDR), a novel method for estimating heritability. RDR avoids most sources of environmental bias by exploiting variation in relatedness due to random Mendelian segregation. We used a sample of 54,888 Icelanders who had both parents genotyped to estimate the heritability of 14 traits, including height (55.4%, s.e. 4.4%) and educational attainment (17.0%, s.e. 9.4%). Our results suggest that some other estimates of heritability may be inflated by environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Young
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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6
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations of Post-prandial Lipemia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Ten Kate M, Sudre CH, den Braber A, Konijnenberg E, Nivard MG, Cardoso MJ, Scheltens P, Ourselin S, Boomsma DI, Barkhof F, Visser PJ. White matter hyperintensities and vascular risk factors in monozygotic twins. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:40-48. [PMID: 29505954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) have been associated with vascular risk factors, both of which are under genetic influence. We examined in a monozygotic twin sample whether the association between vascular risk and WMHs is influenced by overlapping genetic factors. We included 195 cognitively normal monozygotic twins (age = 70 ± 7 years), including 94 complete pairs. Regional WMH load was estimated using an automated algorithm. Vascular risk was summarized with the Framingham score. The within-twin pair correlation for total WMHs was 0.76 and for Framingham score was 0.77. Within participants, Framingham score was associated with total and periventricular WMHs (r = 0.32). Framingham score in 1 twin was also associated with total WMHs in the co-twin (r = 0.26). Up to 83% of the relation between both traits could be explained by shared genetic effects. In conclusion, monozygotic twins have highly similar vascular risk and WMH burden, confirming a genetic background for these traits. The association between both traits is largely driven by overlapping genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carole H Sudre
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Jorge Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Chen X, Kuja-Halkola R, Chang Z, Karlsson R, Hägg S, Svensson P, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE. Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation Between Cardiometabolic Traits. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007806. [PMID: 29669715 PMCID: PMC6015288 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation and covariation for many cardiometabolic traits have been decomposed into genetic and environmental fractions, by using twin or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) models. However, differences in population, age, sex, and other factors hamper the comparison between twin- and SNP-based estimates. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four cardiometabolic traits and 700,000 genotyped SNPs were available in the study base of 10 682 twins from TwinGene cohort. For the 27 highly correlated pairs (absolute phenotypic correlation coefficient ≥0.40), twin-based bivariate structural equation models were performed in 3870 complete twin pairs, and SNP-based bivariate genomic relatedness matrix restricted maximum likelihood methods were performed in 5779 unrelated individuals. In twin models, the model including additive genetic variance and unique/nonshared environmental variance was the best-fitted model for 7 pairs (5 of them were between blood pressure traits); the model including additive genetic variance, common/shared environmental variance, and unique/nonshared environmental variance components was best fitted for 4 pairs, but estimates of shared environment were close to zero; and the model including additive genetic variance, dominant genetic variance, and unique/nonshared environmental variance was best fitted for 16 pairs, in which significant dominant genetic effects were identified for 13 pairs (including all 9 obesity-related pairs). However, SNP models did not identify significant estimates of dominant genetic effects for any pairs. In the paired t test, twin- and SNP-based estimates of additive genetic correlation were not significantly different (both were 0.67 on average), whereas the nonshared environmental correlations from these 2 models differed slightly from each other (on average, twin-based estimate=0.64 and SNP-based estimate=0.68). CONCLUSIONS Beside additive genetic effects and nonshared environment, nonadditive genetic effects (dominance) also contribute to the covariation between certain cardiometabolic traits (especially for obesity-related pairs); contributions from the shared environment seem to be weak for their covariation in TwinGene samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svensson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Zhou D, Zhang D, Sun X, Li Z, Ni Y, Shan Z, Li H, Liu C, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zheng R, Pan F, Zhu Y, Shi Y, Lai M. A novel variant associated with HDL-C levels by modifying DAGLB expression levels: An annotation-based genome-wide association study. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:838-847. [PMID: 29476167 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numbers of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed for serum lipid levels, limited heritability has been explained. Studies showed that combining data from GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) signals can both enhance the discovery of trait-associated SNPs and gain a better understanding of the mechanism. We performed an annotation-based, multistage genome-wide screening for serum-lipid-level-associated loci in totally 6863 Han Chinese. A serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated variant rs1880118 (hg19 chr7:g. 6435220G>C) was replicated (Pcombined = 1.4E-10). rs1880118 was associated with DAGLB (diacylglycerol lipase, beta) expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 5.9E-42) and explained 47.7% of the expression variance. After the replication, an active segment covering variants tagged by rs1880118 near 5' of DAGLB was annotated using histone modification and transcription factor binding signals. The luciferase report assay revealed that the segment containing the minor alleles showed increased transcriptional activity compared with segment contains the major alleles, which was consistent with the eQTL analyses. The expression-trait association tests indicated the association between the DAGLB and serum HDL-C levels using gene-based approaches called "TWAS" (P = 3.0E-8), "SMR" (P = 1.1E-4), and "Sherlock" (P = 1.6E-6). To summarize, we identified a novel HDL-C-associated variant which explained nearly half of the expression variance of DAGLB. Integrated analyses established a genotype-gene-phenotype three-way association and expanded our knowledge of DAGLB in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yaqin Ni
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- The Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Feixia Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China. .,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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10
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Sas AA, Vaez A, Jamshidi Y, Nolte IM, Kamali Z, D. Spector T, Riese H, Snieder H. Genetic and environmental influences on stability and change in baseline levels of C-reactive protein: A longitudinal twin study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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A New Look at Genetic and Environmental Architecture on Lipids Using Non-Normal Structural Equation Modeling in Male Twins: The NHLBI Twin Study. Behav Genet 2017; 47:425-433. [PMID: 28413857 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined genetic and environmental influences on the lipid concentrations of 1028 male twins using the novel univariate non-normal structural equation modeling (nnSEM) ADCE and ACE models. In the best fitting nnSEM ADCE model that was also better than the nnSEM ACE model, additive genetic factors (A) explained 4%, dominant genetic factors (D) explained 17%, and common (C) and unique (E) environmental factors explained 47% and 33% of the total variance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The percentage of variation explained for other lipids was 0% (A), 30% (D), 34% (C) and 37% (E) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); 30, 0, 31 and 39% for total cholesterol; and 0, 31, 12 and 57% for triglycerides. It was concluded that additive and dominant genetic factors simultaneously affected HDL-C concentrations but not other lipids. Common and unique environmental factors influenced concentrations of all lipids.
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Demirkan A, Lahti J, Direk N, Viktorin A, Lunetta KL, Terracciano A, Nalls MA, Tanaka T, Hek K, Fornage M, Wellmann J, Cornelis MC, Ollila HM, Yu L, Smith JA, Pilling LC, Isaacs A, Palotie A, Zhuang WV, Zonderman A, Faul JD, Sutin A, Meirelles O, Mulas A, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Rivadeneira F, Perola M, Zhao W, Salomaa V, Yaffe K, Luik AI, Liu Y, Ding J, Lichtenstein P, Landén M, Widen E, Weir DR, Llewellyn DJ, Murray A, Kardia SLR, Eriksson JG, Koenen K, Magnusson PKE, Ferrucci L, Mosley TH, Cucca F, Oostra BA, Bennett DA, Paunio T, Berger K, Harris TB, Pedersen NL, Murabito JM, Tiemeier H, van Duijn CM, Räikkönen K. Somatic, positive and negative domains of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1613-23. [PMID: 26997408 PMCID: PMC5812462 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is moderately heritable, however genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for MDD, as well as for related continuous outcomes, have not shown consistent results. Attempts to elucidate the genetic basis of MDD may be hindered by heterogeneity in diagnosis. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale provides a widely used tool for measuring depressive symptoms clustered in four different domains which can be combined together into a total score but also can be analysed as separate symptom domains. METHOD We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of the CES-D symptom clusters. We recruited 12 cohorts with the 20- or 10-item CES-D scale (32 528 persons). RESULTS One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs713224, located near the brain-expressed melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) gene, was associated with the somatic complaints domain of depression symptoms, with borderline genome-wide significance (p discovery = 3.82 × 10-8). The SNP was analysed in an additional five cohorts comprising the replication sample (6813 persons). However, the association was not consistent among the replication sample (p discovery+replication = 1.10 × 10-6) with evidence of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Despite the effort to harmonize the phenotypes across cohorts and participants, our study is still underpowered to detect consistent association for depression, even by means of symptom classification. On the contrary, the SNP-based heritability and co-heritability estimation results suggest that a very minor part of the variation could be captured by GWAS, explaining the reason of sparse findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - M. A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Hek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fornage
- Houston Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M. C. Cornelis
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. M. Ollila
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - A. Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. V. Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A. Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - O. Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V. Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A. I. Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - NABEC
- North American Brain Expression Consortium, USA
| | - UKBEC
- UK Brain Expression Consortium, UK
| | - Y. Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J. Ding
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University, Primate Center, Epidemiology & Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - P. Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - A. Murray
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S. L. R. Kardia
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J. G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T. H. Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - F. Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - B. A. Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T. B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N. L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. M. Murabito
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K. Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hensvold AH, Frisell T, Magnusson PKE, Holmdahl R, Askling J, Catrina AI. How well do ACPA discriminate and predict RA in the general population: a study based on 12 590 population-representative Swedish twins. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:119-125. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveAnti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA in the general population has not been thoroughly assessed. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA for RA in the general population and to further characterise the citrullinated peptide recognition pattern.MethodsSerum samples from a large population-representative twin cohort consisting of 12 590 individuals were analysed for the presence of ACPA using anti-CCP2 ELISA. All ACPA-positive samples were further tested on ELISAs for four peptide-specific ACPA. RA cases were identified by linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register at inclusion and after a median follow-up of 37 months (IQR 31–49).Results350 out of 12 590 individuals had a positive anti-CCP2 test, measuring ACPA. Of these, 103 had an RA diagnosis at the time of blood donation and inclusion. During a median follow-up of 3 years, an additional 21 of the remaining 247 ACPA-positive individuals developed RA. Overall, a positive anti-CCP2 test had a positive predictive value of 29% for prevalent RA at inclusion (negative predictive value of 99.6%). High titres (>3× cut-off) of anti-CCP2 increased the positive predictive value to 48% (negative predictive value of 99.5%). ACPA-positive individuals without RA had lower anti-CCP2 titres and fewer peptide-specific ACPA than ACPA-positive patients with RA and higher C reactive protein levels than ACPA-negative individuals without RA.ConclusionPresence of ACPA and especially high titres of anti-CCP2 have a high diagnostic accuracy for an RA diagnosis in a population setting.
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Mayo O. Interaction between Genotype and Environment: A Tale of Two Concepts. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2011.10887151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:557-70. [PMID: 26337138 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m2 in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m2 in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.
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Wu W, Witherspoon DJ, Fraser A, Clark EAS, Rogers A, Stoddard GJ, Manuck TA, Chen K, Esplin MS, Smith KR, Varner MW, Jorde LB. The heritability of gestational age in a two-million member cohort: implications for spontaneous preterm birth. Hum Genet 2015; 134:803-8. [PMID: 25920518 PMCID: PMC4678031 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), defined as birth prior to a gestational age (GA) of 37 completed weeks, affects more than 10% of births worldwide. PTB is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and is associated with a broad spectrum of lifelong morbidity in survivors. The etiology of spontaneous PTB (SPTB) is complex and has an important genetic component. Previous studies have compared monozygotic and dizygotic twin mothers and their families to estimate the heritability of SPTB, but these approaches cannot separate the relative contributions of the maternal and the fetal genomes to GA or SPTB. Using the Utah Population Database, we assessed the heritability of GA in more than 2 million post-1945 Utah births, the largest familial GA dataset ever assembled. We estimated a narrow-sense heritability of 13.3% for GA and a broad-sense heritability of 24.5%. A maternal effect (which includes the effect of the maternal genome) accounts for 15.2% of the variance of GA, and the remaining 60.3% is contributed by individual environmental effects. Given the relatively low heritability of GA and SPTB in the general population, multiplex SPTB pedigrees are likely to provide more power for gene detection than will samples of unrelated individuals. Furthermore, nongenetic factors provide important targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David J. Witherspoon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alison Fraser
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin A. S. Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, and, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alan Rogers
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gregory J. Stoddard
- Study Design and Biostatistics Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tracy A. Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, and, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - M. Sean Esplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, and, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael W. Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, and, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lynn B. Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Cederlöf M, Karlsson R, Larsson H, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Nordlind K, Landén M, Lichtenstein P. Intellectual disability and cognitive ability in Darier disease: Swedish nation-wide study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:155-8. [PMID: 25704118 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darier disease is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene. Anecdotal reports suggest a relationship between Darier disease and intellectual disabilities, but these reports are based on small clinical samples and limited by absence of control populations. OBJECTIVES To examine the risk of intellectual disability and subclinical impairments in cognitive ability in Darier disease. METHODS We conducted a matched cohort study based on Swedish Population-, Patient- and Conscript Registers. The risk of being diagnosed with intellectual disability was estimated in 770 individuals with Darier disease, compared with matched comparison individuals without Darier disease. Associations were examined with risk ratios from conditional logistic regressions. In addition, we analysed test-based cognitive ability data (i.e. IQ data) from the Swedish conscript examination, for a subset of patients without diagnosed intellectual disability. RESULTS Individuals with Darier disease had a sixfold increased risk of being diagnosed with intellectual disability (risk ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval 3.1-12.4). For conscripted individuals with Darier disease but no diagnosed intellectual disability, mean cognitive ability scores were about half a standard deviation lower than for comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS Darier disease is associated with intellectual disability and subclinical impairments in cognitive ability. The Darier-causing mutations merit further attention in molecular genetic research on intellectual disability and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cederlöf
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Nordlind
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kristiansen W, Karlsson R, Rounge TB, Whitington T, Andreassen BK, Magnusson PK, Fossa SD, Adami HO, Turnbull C, Haugen TB, Grotmol T, Wiklund F. Two new loci and gene sets related to sex determination and cancer progression are associated with susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4138-46. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Vaez A, Jansen R, Prins BP, Hottenga JJ, de Geus EJC, Boomsma DI, Penninx BWJH, Nolte IM, Snieder H, Alizadeh BZ. In Silico Post Genome-Wide Association Studies Analysis of C-Reactive Protein Loci Suggests an Important Role for Interferons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:487-97. [PMID: 25752597 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). An important limitation of GWASs is that the identified variants merely flag the nearby genomic region and do not necessarily provide a direct link to the biological mechanisms underlying their corresponding phenotype. Here we apply a bioinformatics-based approach to uncover the functional characteristics of the 18 SNPs that had previously been associated with CRP at a genome-wide significant level. METHODS AND RESULTS In the first phase of in silico sequencing, we explore the vicinity of GWAS SNPs to identify all linked variants. In the second phase of expression quantitative trait loci analysis, we attempt to identify all nearby genes whose expression levels are associated with the corresponding GWAS SNPs. These 2 phases generate several relevant genes that serve as input to the next phase of functional network analysis. Our in silico sequencing analysis using 1000 Genomes Project data identified 7 nonsynonymous SNPs, which are in moderate to high linkage disequilibrium (r(2)>0.5) with the GWAS SNPs. Our expression quantitative trait loci analysis, which was based on one of the largest single data sets of genome-wide expression probes (n>5000) identified 23 significantly associated expression probes belonging to 15 genes (false discovery rate <0.01). The final phase of functional network analysis revealed 93 significantly enriched biological processes (false discovery rate <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our post-GWAS analysis of CRP GWAS SNPs confirmed the previously known overlap between CRP and lipids biology. Additionally, it suggested an important role for interferons in the metabolism of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Vaez
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.).
| | - Rick Jansen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Bram P Prins
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Harold Snieder
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.)
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.V., B.P.P., I.M.N., H.S., B.Z.A.); Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., B.W.J.H.P.); and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.J., J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), EMGO+ Institute, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.), Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.-J.H., E.J.C.d.G., D.I.B.); and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.V.).
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Moreno Velásquez I, Kumar J, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Silveira A, Leander K, Berglund A, Strawbridge RJ, Ärnlöv J, Melander O, Almgren P, Lind L, Hamsten A, de Faire U, Gigante B. Duffy antigen receptor genetic variant and the association with Interleukin 8 levels. Cytokine 2015; 72:178-84. [PMID: 25647274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to identify loci associated with circulating levels of Interleukin 8 (IL8). We investigated the associations of 121,445 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina 200K CardioMetabochip with IL8 levels in 1077 controls from the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) study, using linear regression under an additive model of inheritance. Five SNPs (rs12075A/G, rs13179413C/T, rs6907989T/A, rs9352745A/C, rs1779553T/C) reached the pre-defined threshold of genome-wide significance (p<1.0×10(-5)) and were tested for in silico replication in three independent populations, derived from the PIVUS, MDC-CC and SCARF studies. IL8 was measured in serum (SHEEP, PIVUS) and plasma (MDC-CC, SCARF). The strongest association was found with the SNP rs12075 A/G, Asp42Gly (p=1.6×10(-6)), mapping to the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) gene on chromosome 1. The minor allele G was associated with 15.6% and 10.4% reduction in serum IL8 per copy of the allele in SHEEP and PIVUS studies respectively. No association was observed between rs12075 and plasma IL8. CONCLUSION rs12075 was associated with serum levels but not with plasma levels of IL8. It is likely that serum IL8 represents the combination of levels of circulating plasma IL8 and additional chemokine liberated from the erythrocyte DARC reservoir due to clotting. These findings highlight the importance of understanding IL8 as a biomarker in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Dept of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Dept of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Angela Silveira
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Berglund
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Dept of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Centre of Emergency Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Dept of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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The relationship between neuroticism and inflammatory markers: a twin study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2014; 17:177-82. [PMID: 24735719 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroticism is an important marker of vulnerability for both mental and physical disorders. Its link with multiple etiological pathways has been studied before. Inflammatory markers have been demonstrated to predict similar mental and physical disorders as neuroticism. However, currently no study has focused on the shared genetic background of neuroticism and inflammatory markers. In the present study we will focus on the phenotypic and genetic relationship between neuroticism and three commonly used inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and Immunoglobulin-G (IgG). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in 125 Dutch female twin pairs. For each participant, four different neuroticism scores were available to calculate a neuroticism composite score that was used in the statistical analyses. Blood samples for inflammatory marker determination were taken after an overnight fast. Heritabilities, phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated using bivariate structural equation modeling. RESULTS Heritabilities are fair for neuroticism (0.55), CRP (0.52) and fibrinogen (0.67) and moderate for IgG (0.43). No significant phenotypic or genetic correlations were found between neuroticism and the inflammatory markers. Interaction models yielded no moderation of the genetic and environmental pathways in the regulation of inflammatory markers by neuroticism. CONCLUSION Substantial heritabilities were observed for all variables. No evidence was found for significant shared (or moderation of) genetic or environmental pathways underlying neuroticism and inflammatory status.
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Hensvold AH, Magnusson PKE, Joshua V, Hansson M, Israelsson L, Ferreira R, Jakobsson PJ, Holmdahl R, Hammarström L, Malmström V, Askling J, Klareskog L, Catrina AI. Environmental and genetic factors in the development of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis: an epidemiological investigation in twins. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:375-80. [PMID: 24276366 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a twin cohort. METHODS A total of 12 590 twins were analysed for the presence of ACPAs (CCP2 ELISA), HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) gene alleles, and exposure to smoking. Twins with established RA were identified in national public care registers. Antibody reactivities against citrullinated and native forms of α-enolase, vimentin, fibrinogen and type II collagen peptides were tested by ELISA in anti-CCP2-positive subjects and their cotwins. Structural equation models and ORs for the development of ACPA and ACPA-positive RA were computed for smokers and SE carriers. RESULTS A total of 2.8% (350/12 590) of the twins were ACPA positive, and 1.0% (124/12 590) had ACPA-positive RA. Most of the variability in the ACPA status was accounted for by non-shared environmental or stochastic factors (78%, 95% CI 55% to 100%) rather than shared environmental and genetic factors. Analysis of specific risk factors revealed an association between smoking and SE and the presence of ACPAs. Twins with ACPA-positive RA were more frequently SE positive than twins with ACPAs without RA. Reactivities against multiple citrullinated peptides were present in most twins with ACPA-positive RA but in fewer twins with ACPAs without RA. CONCLUSIONS Environment, lifestyle and stochastic factors may be more important than genetics in determining which individuals develop ACPAs. Genetic factors (particularly SE) may have a relatively larger role in determining which ACPA-positive individuals will ultimately develop arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aase Haj Hensvold
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Swedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Irinel Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Genetic Architecture of the Pro-Inflammatory State in an Extended Twin-Family Design. Twin Res Hum Genet 2013; 16:931-40. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the genetic architecture of variation in the pro-inflammatory state, using an extended twin-family design. Within the Netherlands Twin Register Biobank, fasting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and fibrinogen levels were available for 3,534 twins, 1,568 of their non-twin siblings, and 2,227 parents from 3,095 families. Heritability analyses took into account the effects of current and recent illness, anti-inflammatory medication, female sex hormone status, age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, month of data collection, and batch processing. Moderate broad-sense heritability was found for all inflammatory parameters (39%, 21%, 45%, and 46% for TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen, respectively). For all parameters, the remaining variance was explained by unique environmental influences and not by environment shared by family members. There was no resemblance between spouses for any of the inflammatory parameters, except for fibrinogen. Also, there was no evidence for twin-specific effects. A considerable part of genetic variation was explained by non-additive genetic effects for TNF-α, CRP, and fibrinogen. For IL-6, all genetic variance was additive. This study may have implications for future genome-wide association studies by setting a clear numerical target for genome-wide screens that aim to find genetic variants regulating the levels of these pro-inflammatory markers.
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van Dongen J, Willemsen G, Chen WM, de Geus EJC, Boomsma DI. Heritability of metabolic syndrome traits in a large population-based sample. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2914-23. [PMID: 23918046 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heritability estimates of metabolic syndrome traits vary widely across studies. Some studies have suggested that the contribution of genes may vary with age or sex. We estimated the heritability of 11 metabolic syndrome-related traits and height as a function of age and sex in a large population-based sample of twin families (N = 2,792-27,021, for different traits). A moderate-to-high heritability was found for all traits [from H(2) = 0.47 (insulin) to H(2) = 0.78 (BMI)]. The broad-sense heritability (H(2)) showed little variation between age groups in women; it differed somewhat more in men (e.g., for glucose, H(2) = 0.61 in young females, H(2) = 0.56 in older females, H(2) = 0.64 in young males, and H(2)= 0.27 in older males). While nonadditive genetic effects explained little variation in the younger subjects, nonadditive genetic effects became more important at a greater age. Our findings show that in an unselected sample (age range, ~18-98 years), the genetic contribution to individual differences in metabolic syndrome traits is moderate to large in both sexes and across age. Although the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has greatly increased in the past decades due to lifestyle changes, our study indicates that most of the variation in metabolic syndrome traits between individuals is due to genetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Stringer S, Derks EM, Kahn RS, Hill WG, Wray NR. Assumptions and properties of limiting pathway models for analysis of epistasis in complex traits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68913. [PMID: 23935903 PMCID: PMC3728313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For most complex traits, results from genome-wide association studies show that the proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to the additive effects of individual SNPs, that is, the heritability explained by the SNPs, is substantially less than the estimate of heritability obtained by standard methods using correlations between relatives. This difference has been called the "missing heritability". One explanation is that heritability estimates from family (including twin) studies are biased upwards. Zuk et al. revisited overestimation of narrow sense heritability from twin studies as a result of confounding with non-additive genetic variance. They propose a limiting pathway (LP) model that generates significant epistatic variation and its simple parametrization provides a convenient way to explore implications of epistasis. They conclude that over-estimation of narrow sense heritability from family data ('phantom heritability') may explain an important proportion of missing heritability. We show that for highly heritable quantitative traits large phantom heritability estimates from twin studies are possible only if a large contribution of common environment is assumed. The LP model is underpinned by strong assumptions that are unlikely to hold, including that all contributing pathways have the same mean and variance and are uncorrelated. Here, we relax the assumptions that underlie the LP model to be more biologically plausible. Together with theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic arguments we conclude that in outbred populations the contribution of additive genetic variance is likely to be much more important than the contribution of non-additive variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stringer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Marschall HU, Krawczyk M, Grünhage F, Katsika D, Einarsson C, Lammert F. Gallstone disease in Swedish twins is associated with the Gilbert variant of UGT1A1. Liver Int 2013; 33:904-8. [PMID: 23517300 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Gilbert syndrome-associated functional TATA box variant UGT1A1*28 (A(TA)7TAA) was found to increase susceptibility to pigment gallstone formation in patients with haemolytic anaemia. Further studies in extensive cohorts demonstrated an increased risk of this variant for cholesterol gallstone disease (GD). We now investigated this polymorphism as a determinant of symptomatic GD in Swedish twins. METHODS The Swedish Twin Registry was merged with the Hospital Discharge and Causes of Death Registries and searched for GD-related diagnoses among monozygotic (MZ) twins living in the Stockholm area. In addition, we screened the TwinGene database for GD. In total, we found 44 MZ twin pairs with and eight MZ twins without GD to be evaluable. GD-free twins from TwinGene (109 concordantly MZ and 126 independent DZ) served as controls. UGT1A1*28 genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays. RESULTS Overall, 58 and 8 of 106 twins with GD were hetero- and homozygous UGT1A1 risk allele carriers respectively. The case-control association tests showed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased risk of developing GD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.00-2.63) in heterozygotes carriers and in addition, a trend (P = 0.075) for an increased risk among carriers (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.97-2.44) of the risk allele. CONCLUSION These data from Swedish twins confirm the Gilbert variant as risk factor for GD. Our observation is in line with nucleation in bilirubin supersaturated bile representing an initial step in cholelithogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Andreassen KE, Kristiansen W, Karlsson R, Aschim EL, Dahl O, Fosså SD, Adami HO, Wiklund F, Haugen TB, Grotmol T. Genetic variation in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus, and the risk of testicular germ cell tumor. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1995-2002. [PMID: 23639623 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and genetic polymorphisms in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus? SUMMARY ANSWER Our findings suggest that genetic variation in PTEN may influence the risk of TGCT. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences the risk of TGCT. The oncogene, AKT1, the tumor suppressor gene, PTEN and the chromosome 8q24 locus play important roles in cancer development in general. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We have conducted a population-based Norwegian-Swedish case-parent study, based on cases diagnosed in 1990-2008, including 831 triads (TGCT case and both parents), 474 dyads (TGCT case and one parent) and 712 singletons (only the TGCT case). In addition we expanded the study to include 3922 unrelated male controls from the TwinGene project. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus. First, triads and dyads were included in a likelihood-based association test. To increase the statistical power, case singletons and controls from the TwinGene project were included in a single test for association. We examined if the allelic effect on TGCT risk differed by histological subgroup, country of origin or parent of origin. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with Bonferroni correction (P bonf) for multiple testing. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the case-parent analyses, none of the 26 SNPs were significantly associated with TGCT. Of the 23 SNPs investigated in the combined study, one SNP in PTEN (rs11202586) remained associated with TGCT risk after adjusting for multiple testing (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28, P bonf = 0.040). We found no difference in risk according to histological subgroup, parent of origin or between countries. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study is strengthened by the population-based design and large sample size, which gives high power to detect risk alleles. The reported association was not highly significant, and although it was based on an a priori hypothesis of this tumor suppressor gene being implicated in the etiology of TGCT, replication studies, as well as functional studies of this polymorphism, are warranted. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We report, to our knowledge, a novel association between TGCT and a marker in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Previous studies have linked PTEN to TGCT etiology, and there is also a link between PTEN and KITLG, which contains TGCT susceptibility loci revealed through recent genome-wide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Andreassen
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo NO-0434, Norway. kristine.engen.andreassen@ous
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28
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Karlsson R, Andreassen KE, Kristiansen W, Aschim EL, Bremnes RM, Dahl O, Fosså SD, Klepp O, Langberg CW, Solberg A, Tretli S, Magnusson PK, Adami HO, Haugen TB, Grotmol T, Wiklund F. Investigation of six testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility genes suggests a parent-of-origin effect in SPRY4. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3373-80. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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The genetic architecture of liver enzyme levels: GGT, ALT and AST. Behav Genet 2013; 43:329-39. [PMID: 23580007 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-013-9593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of liver enzymes GGT, ALT and AST are predictive of disease and all-cause mortality and can reflect liver injury, fatty liver and/or oxidative stress. Variation in GGT, ALT and AST levels is heritable. Moderation of the heritability of these liver enzymes by age and sex has not often been explored, and it is not clear to what extent non-additive genetic and shared environmental factors may play a role. To examine the genetic architecture of GGT, ALT and AST, plasma levels were assessed in a large sample of twins, their siblings, parents and spouses (N = 8,371; age range 18-90). For GGT and ALT, but not for AST, genetic structural equation modeling showed evidence for quantitative sex differences in the genetic architecture. There was no evidence for qualitative sex differences, i.e. the same genes were expressed in males and females. Both additive and non-additive genetic factors were important for GGT in females (total heritability h(2) 60 %) and AST in both sexes (total h(2) 43 %). The heritability of GGT in males and ALT for both sexes was due to additive effects only (GGT males 30 %; ALT males 40 %, females 22 %). Evidence emerged for shared environmental factors influencing GGT in the male offspring generation (variance explained 28 %). Thus, the same genes influence liver enzyme levels across sex and age, but their relative contribution to the variation in GGT and ALT differs in males and females and for GGT across age. Given adequate sample sizes these results suggest that genome-wide association studies may result in the detection of new susceptibility loci for liver enzyme levels when pooling results over sex and age.
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The Swedish Twin Registry: establishment of a biobank and other recent developments. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 16:317-29. [PMID: 23137839 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) today contains more than 194,000 twins and more than 75,000 pairs have zygosity determined by an intra-pair similarity algorithm, DNA, or by being of opposite sex. Of these, approximately 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 pairs are monozygotic, same-sex dizygotic, and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs, respectively. Since its establishment in the late 1950s, the STR has been an important epidemiological resource for the study of genetic and environmental influences on a multitude of traits, behaviors, and diseases. Following large investments in the collection of biological specimens in the past 10 years we have now established a Swedish twin biobank with DNA from 45,000 twins and blood serum from 15,000 twins, which effectively has also transformed the registry into a powerful resource for molecular studies. We here describe the main projects within which the new collections of both biological samples as well as phenotypic measures have been collected. Coverage by year of birth, zygosity determination, ethnic heterogeneity, and influences of in vitro fertilization are also described.
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Familial effects on survival after myocardial infarction: a registry-based sib-pair study. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:911-4. [PMID: 23117251 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chance of surviving an acute myocardial infarction (MI) has increased greatly but many persons still die as a consequence of MI. We assessed the familiality of suffering fatal MI using Swedish registry data. All 4,239 sib-pairs (n = 8,478) where both siblings had suffered an MI and who were born 1932 or later were identified by matching the Swedish National Patient-, Cause of Death and Multi-Generation registries. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between survival times between sibling who had, or not had, a sibling who died within 28 days of their first MI. The risk estimate was adjusted for year of infarction, age at infarction, sex and county for both siblings. The mortality rate was increased the first 28 days after infarction amongst patients who had a sibling who also died within 28 days of infarction (adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) [95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 1.44 [1.18-1.75]). These patients also have a worse long-term survival (adjusted HR [95 % CI]: 1.65 [1.24-2.21]). There appears to be familial effects that influence MI survival. This may have important implications for MI prevention strategies but further studies are required to determine if these effects are due to genetic or environmental factors.
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Abstract
The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
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The age-dependency of genetic and environmental influences on serum cytokine levels: a twin study. Cytokine 2012; 60:108-13. [PMID: 22673037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous epidemiologic studies have evaluated the use of immunological markers as possible tools for measuring ageing and predicting age-related pathology. The importance of both genetic and environmental influences in regulation of these markers has been emphasized. In order to further evaluate this relationship, the present study aims to investigate the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on four key cytokines involved in the human immune response (Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α). In addition, the role of age as a possible moderator on these influences was evaluated. METHODS The study was conducted in 1603 females from the Twins UK registry, with mean age ± SD of 60.4 ± 12.2 years, including 863 monozygotic twins (385 pairs and 93 singletons) and 740 dizygotic twins (321 pairs and 98 singletons). Heritability was estimated using structural equation modeling. The role of age as a moderator was evaluated using gene-age interaction models. RESULTS Heritabilities were moderate for IL-1β (range: 0.27-0.32) and IL-10 (0.30) and low for IL-6 (range: 0.15-0.16) and TNF-α (range: 0.17-0.23). For IL-1β, heritability declines with age due to an increase in unique environmental factors. For TNF-α, heritability increases with age due to a decrease in unique environmental factors. CONCLUSION The current findings illustrate the importance of genetic and environmental influences on four cytokines involved in the human immune response. For two of these there is evidence that heritability changes with age owing to changes in environmental factors unique to the individual.
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Kristiansen W, Andreassen K, Karlsson R, Aschim E, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Fosså S, Klepp O, Langberg C, Solberg A, Tretli S, Adami HO, Wiklund F, Grotmol T, Haugen T. Gene variations in sex hormone pathways and the risk of testicular germ cell tumour: a case–parent triad study in a Norwegian–Swedish population. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1525-35. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Narula N, Rapezzi C, Tavazzi L, Arbustini E. "My parents died of myocardial infarction: is that my destiny?". Med Clin North Am 2012; 96:67-86. [PMID: 22391252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of clinical and molecular genetics of myocardial infarction (MI). Discussion includes the partial overlapping of risk factors for myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, the impact of a positive family history on the risk of MI, the "familial" nongenetic, environmental factors, the inherited risk associated with the low-dose input of many genes, and a simple approach to stratify the individual risk in genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupoor Narula
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le Golgi n. 19 27100 Pavia, Italy
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A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23:725-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579411000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe allostatic load (AL) model represents an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively conceptualize and quantify chronic stress in relation to pathologies throughout the life cycle. This article first reviews the AL model, followed by interactions among early adversity, genetics, environmental toxins, as well as distinctions among sex, gender, and sex hormones as integral antecedents of AL. We next explore perspectives on severe mental illness, dementia, and caregiving as unique human models of AL that merit future investigations in the field of developmental psychopathology. A complimenting transdisciplinary perspective is applied throughout, whereby we argue that the AL model goes beyond traditional stress–disease theories toward the advancement of person-centered research and practice that promote not only physical health but also mental health.
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Rahman I, Atout R, Pedersen NL, de Faire U, Frostegård J, Ninio E, Bennet AM, Magnusson PKE. Genetic and environmental regulation of inflammatory CVD biomarkers Lp-PLA2 and IgM anti-PC. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:117-22. [PMID: 21616491 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We set out to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effect on two inflammatory CVD biomarkers; lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) and anti-phosphorylcholine IgM (anti-PC). Their relationships and possible co-regulation with other established CVD biomarkers are also examined. METHODS Lp-PLA(2) activity (N=1600) and anti-PC (N=2036) levels were measured in elderly Swedish twins. Correlation analyses and heritability estimation were conducted by structural equation modeling. RESULTS We attribute 0.37 of the variance of Lp-PLA(2) and 0.40 of anti-PC variance to genetic variance. In addition, a bivariate heritability of 0.33, 0.35 and 0.36 could be detected for levels of Lp-PLA(2) together with ApoB, total cholesterol and LDL, respectively. Anti-PC was only weakly related to other biomarkers of CVD, which may suggest a more independent role of anti-PC as a biomarker. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample, Lp-PLA(2) activity has lower heritability and higher environmental regulation than previously reported. Anti-PC levels are partly influenced by dominance genetics and appear to be regulated independently of more established CVD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Rahman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mendelian randomization: potential use of genetics to enable causal inferences regarding HIV-associated biomarkers and outcomes. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2011; 5:545-59. [PMID: 20978399 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0b013e32833f2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is unknown whether biomarkers simply correlate with or are causal for HIV-associated outcomes. Mendelian randomization is a genetic epidemiologic approach used to disentangle causation from association. Here, we discuss the potential use of Mendelian randomization for differentiating whether biomarkers are correlating with or causal for HIV-associated outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Mendelian randomization refers to the random allocation of alleles at the time of gamete formation. In observational epidemiology, this refers to the use of genetic variants to estimate a causal effect between a modifiable risk factor and an outcome of interest. A formal Mendelian randomization study using a genetic marker as a proxy for the biomarker has not been conducted in the HIV field. However, in the postgenomic era, this approach is being used increasingly. Examples are evidence for the causal role of BMI in blood pressure and noncausal role of C-reactive protein in coronary heart disease. We discuss the conceptual framework, uses, and limitations of Mendelian randomization in the context of HIV infection as well as specific biomarkers (IL-6, C-reactive protein) and genetic determinants (e.g., in CCR5, chemokine, and DARC genes) that associate with HIV-related outcomes. SUMMARY Making the distinction between correlation and causality has particular relevance when a biomarker (e.g., IL-6) is potentially modifiable, in which case a biomarker-guided targeted treatment strategy may be feasible. Although the tenets of Mendelian randomization rest on strong assumptions, and conducting a Mendelian randomization study in HIV infection presents many challenges, it may offer the potential to identify causal biomarkers for HIV-associated outcomes.
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Katsika D, Magnusson P, Krawczyk M, Grünhage F, Lichtenstein P, Einarsson C, Lammert F, Marschall HU. Gallstone disease in Swedish twins: risk is associated with ABCG8 D19H genotype. J Intern Med 2010; 268:279-85. [PMID: 20497293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, variants of the hepatocanalicular cholesterol hemitransporters ABCG5/8 were linked to gallstone disease; ABCG8 D19H in Caucasians and ABCG5 Q604E in Chinese. We investigated these polymorphisms in Swedish twins by merging the Swedish Twin Registry with the Hospital Discharge and Causes of Death Registries for gallstone disease-related diagnoses. DESIGN All monozygotic (MZ) twins with gallstone disease alive in the Stockholm area were invited to participate. Gallstone disease was defined by entry in all above mentioned registries, questionnaire or abdominal ultrasound. SUBJECTS ABCG5 Q604E and ABCG8 D19H genotyping was performed in 24 unique MZ and eight dizygotic (DZ) twins from concordant pairs. Screening of the TwinGene database for gallstone disease resulted in an additional 20 concordant MZ and 54 twins from concordant DZ pairs. We included 109 concordantly stone-free MZ and 126 stone-free independent DZ twins as controls. RESULTS Amongst the 341 twins, 20.8% carried at least one D19H allele as compared to 9.4% of stone-free controls. The association analysis showed that D19H positivity significantly increased the risk of gallstone disease [odds ratio (OR), 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33-4.82; P = 0.004]. We also found a trend for a positive association between gallstone disease and the Q604E variant (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.00-2.16; P = 0.052). CONCLUSION Twins carrying a heterozygous or homozygous ABCG8 D19H genotype have a significantly increased risk of gallstone disease. Our study confirms the ABCG8 D19H genotype as a major risk factor for gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katsika
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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