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Alkhazaali-Ali Z, Sahab-Negah S, Boroumand AR, Farkhad NK, Khodadoust MA, Tavakol-Afshari J. Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantations in ALS Patients by Investigating Patients' Specific Immunological and Biochemical Biomarkers. Diseases 2024; 12:99. [PMID: 38785754 PMCID: PMC11120501 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease. There are vigorous attempts to develop treatments to reduce the effects of this disease, and among these treatments is the transplantation of stem cells. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy cohort as a promising novel treatment modality by estimating some additional new parameters, such as immunological and biochemical factors. METHODS This study was designed as an open-label, one-arm cohort retrospective study to evaluate potential diagnostic biomarkers of repeated infusions of autologous-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in 15 confirmed patients with ALS, administered at a dose of 1 × 106 cells/kg BW with a one-month interval, in equal amounts in both an intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) capacity simultaneously, via various biochemical (iron (Fe), ferritin, total-iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and creatine kinase (CK)) and immunological parameters (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, evaluated during the three-month follow-up period in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS Our study indicated that, in the case of immunological biomarkers, TNF-α levels in the CSF showed a significant decrease at month three after transplantation compared with levels at month zero, and the p-value was p < 0.01. No statistically significant changes were observed for other immunological as well as biochemical parameters and a p-value of p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These results can indicate the potential benefit of stem cell transfusion in patients with ALS and suggest some diagnostic biomarkers. Several studies are required to approve these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alkhazaali-Ali
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1708310, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Boroumand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Khodadoust
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Jalil Tavakol-Afshari
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
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Yan J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Peng L, Wang Z, Lan X, Yu S, Yang Y. Fecal microbiota transplantation significantly improved respiratory failure of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2353396. [PMID: 38778483 PMCID: PMC11123505 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2353396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to respiratory failure, and eventually death. However, there is a lack of effective treatments for ALS. Here we report the results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in two patients with late-onset classic ALS with a Japan ALS severity classification of grade 5 who required tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. In both patients, significant improvements in respiratory function were observed following two rounds of FMT, leading to weaning off mechanical ventilation. Their muscle strength improved, allowing for assisted standing and mobility. Other notable treatment responses included improved swallowing function and reduced muscle fasciculations. Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in beneficial Bacteroides species (Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii after FMT, as well as elevated levels of metabolites involved in arginine biosynthesis and decreased levels of metabolites involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. These findings offer a potential rescue therapy for ALS with respiratory failure and provide new insights into ALS in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuang Yan
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Wang
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lan
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Microbiome Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Melka D, Demisse H, Assefa H, Zenebe Y, A Ayele B, Awraris M, Gelan Y, Kifelew S, Fedlu M, Tsehayneh F, Zebenigus M, Alemayehu S, Tesfaye H, Gulelat H, Guta T, Tafesse A, Bekele N, Saez M, Veldink JH, Al-Chalabi A, Povedano M, Al Khleifat A. Epidemiological and clinical profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Ethiopia: a 5-year multicenter retrospective study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37496277 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2238016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that results in progressive weakness of skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of ALS are derived from a few world regions with very little representation of low- and middle-income countries. We therefore set out to determine the epidemiological and clinical phenotype of individuals with ALS in Ethiopia. Methods: Multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical records from ALS patients seen in Ethiopia at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yehuleshet specialty clinic between January 2016 and August 2021. The data collected included clinical characteristics, disease-related symptoms, a revised ALS functional rating scale, and medications. Results: Patients in Ethiopia had a younger age of onset with a mean age of disease onset of 51.9 years. 2.9% of patients had juvenile ALS, and the male-to-female ratio was almost 2:1. 4.9% had a positive family history of the disease. 68% of patients had spinal region involvement at onset, while 32% had bulbar region involvement at onset. Riluzole was used by 31% of ALS patients. 20.6% of patients had some respiratory symptoms, but none received a standard respiratory function assessment. 33.3% of patients were wheelchair-bound. Conclusion: In this retrospective study spanning 5 years, we examined the clinical phenotype of ALS in Ethiopian patients. Our findings suggest that most patients had clinically definite ALS with spinal region involvement. Further research, including genetic and epigenetic information, is necessary to understand the early onset of the disease in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Melka
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Demisse
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Assefa
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Zenebe
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Biniyam A Ayele
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Awraris
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannese Gelan
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Kifelew
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Medina Fedlu
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fikiru Tsehayneh
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mehila Zebenigus
- Department of Neurology, Yehuleshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Alemayehu
- Department of Neurology, Yehuleshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Tsega Guta
- Yehuleshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abenet Tafesse
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Bekele
- Department of Internal Medicine Neurology Unit, College of Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública/Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical, Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK, and
| | - Monica Povedano
- Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Department of Basic and Clinical, Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK, and
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Carlucci A, Patout M, Winck JC. Does one size fit all? An update on chronic ventilatory support in different respiratory illnesses. Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:230046. [PMID: 37492344 PMCID: PMC10365079 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0046-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Home noninvasive ventilation (HNIV) improves outcomes in different disease categories. In this article, we discuss indications for when and how to initiate HNIV in COPD, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and neuromuscular disorders (NMD). While in COPD, significant diurnal hypercapnia and high-intensity HNIV are essential ingredients for success, in NMD and OHS, early respiratory changes are best detected during sleep through oxy-capnography associated (or not) with respiratory polygraphy. In COPD and OHS, it is crucial to consider the coexistence of obstructive sleep apnoea because treatment with continuous positive airway pressure may be the simplest and most effective treatment that should be proposed even in hypercapnic patients as first-line therapy. In NMD, the need for continuous HNIV and eventual switching to tracheostomy ventilation makes this group's management more challenging. Achieving successful HNIV by improving quality of sleep, quality of life and keeping a good adherence to the therapy is a challenge, above all in COPD patients. In OHS patients, on top of HNIV, initiation of other interventions such as weight loss management is crucial. More resources should be invested in improving all these aspects. Telemonitoring represents a promising method to improve titration and follow-up of HNIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
- U.O. di Pneumologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maxime Patout
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - João Carlos Winck
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Manero AC, McLinden SL, Sparkman J, Oskarsson B. Evaluating surface EMG control of motorized wheelchairs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:88. [PMID: 35965311 PMCID: PMC9375912 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated a novel control method for patients unable to independently control powered wheelchairs. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis often require a wheelchair but struggle with sufficient hand dexterity required for joystick control making them a population that needs this type of control method. Methods The study employed a novel control mechanism, using electromyography surface sensors applied to temporalis muscles able to measure the myoelectric voltage. Pattern and magnitude control of muscle contraction allowed for steering intention recognition and were used to manipulate their power wheelchair joystick. Four patients ages 51 to 69, two female and two male with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, conducted Wheelchair Skills Test developed by Dalhousie University and were surveyed on the experience’s Clinical Global Impression of Change. Results Findings showed independent steering was capable for patients without hand function and provided recommendations for improved human-machine interface. All patients demonstrated the ability to engage the system, with varying precision, for driving their wheelchair in a controlled environment. Conclusions Three patients in the pilot trial reported the highest score of clinical global impression of change, all of whom had lost independent control of their wheelchair joystick. Patient four retained impaired hand dexterity for joystick control and reported negative impression of change, comparatively. Feedback from the study will be leveraged to improve training outcomes. Trial registration Subjects provided signed informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki to enter the study that was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board in Rochester, Minnesota. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04800926 as of March 14, 2021 retrospectively registered.
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Hartmaier SL, Rhodes T, Cook SF, Schlusser C, Chen C, Han S, Zach N, Murthy V, Davé S. Qualitative measures that assess functional disability and quality of life in ALS. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:12. [PMID: 35062955 PMCID: PMC8781297 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection of appropriate trial endpoints and outcome measures is particularly important in rare disease and rapidly progressing disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) where the challenges to conducting clinical trials, are substantial: patient and disease heterogeneity, limited understanding of exact disease pathophysiology, and lack of robust and available biomarkers. To address these challenges in ALS, the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised version (ALSFRS-R) was developed and has become a key primary endpoint in ALS clinical trials to assess functional disability and disease progression, often replacing survival as a primary outcome. However, increased understanding of the ALS disease journey and improvements in assistive technology for ALS patients have exposed issues with the ALSFRS-R, including non-linearity, multidimensionality and floor and ceiling effects that could challenge its continued utility as a primary outcome measure in ALS clinical trials. Recently, other qualitative scale measures of functioning disability have been developed to help address these issues. With this in mind, we conducted a literature search aimed at identifying both established and promising new measures for potential use in clinical trials. METHODS We searched PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and the reference sections of key studies to identify papers that discussed qualitative measures of functional status for potential use in ALS studies. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov to identify functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures that have been used in ALS interventional studies. RESULTS In addition to the ALSFRS-R, we identified several newer qualitative scales including ALSFRS-EX, ALS-MITOS, CNS-BFS, DALS-15, MND-DS, and ROADS. Strengths and limitations of each measure were identified and discussed, along with their potential to act as a primary or secondary outcome to assess patient functional status in ALS clinical trials. CONCLUSION This paper serves as a reference guide for researchers deciding which qualitative measures to use as endpoints in their ALS clinical trials to assess functional status. This paper also discusses the importance of including ALS HRQoL and ALS cognitive screens in future clinical trials to assess the value of a new ALS therapy more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Courtney Schlusser
- CERobs Consulting, LLC, Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steve Han
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neta Zach
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Shreya Davé
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Wang J, Luo S. Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model. Stat Methods Med Res 2018; 28:3392-3403. [PMID: 30306833 DOI: 10.1177/0962280218802300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Vianello A, Arcaro G, Molena B, Iovino S, Gallan F, Turato C, Marchese-Ragona R. Effect of a passive exhalation port on tracheostomy ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:1007-1014. [PMID: 29607174 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients often require long-term tracheostomy ventilation (LT-TV) because of progressive ventilatory failure. Although widely used for non-invasive ventilation (NIV), passive exhalation port systems have not been gaining popularity for TV because of the possibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing. The current study set out to investigate the effect of a Whisper Swivel connector in comparison to an active exhalation valve on gas exchange and symptoms in ALS patients requiring LT-TV. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of ten ALS patients receiving LT-TV by means of a Trilogy 100 ventilator with a Whisper Swivel passive exhalation port (group A) and of 10 ALS patients connected to an Airox Legendair ventilator with an active exhalation valve (group B). The study's main outcome measure was CO2 retention at the 30-day follow-up assessment. Results One patient in each of the two cohorts showed significant CO2 retention. At the 30-day assessment, scores on the following measures were not significantly different in the two groups: the Borg dyspnea scale {2 [1-3] vs. 1 [1-3]; P=0.2891}, the visual analogue scale (VAS) dyspnea {20 [10-85] vs. 20 [0-50]; P=0.8571}, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) {8 [4-10] vs. 5.5 [0-12]; P=0.1443}, the EuroQol-VAS (EQ-VAS) {55 [50-80] vs. 50 [30-80]; P=0.4593} and the relative stress scale (RSS) {49 [30-65] vs. 52 [25-64]; P=0.8650}. At the 3-month follow-up assessment, the numbers of hospitalizations and deaths were likewise similar in the two groups. Conclusions The efficacy of the Whisper Swivel connector is similar to that of an active exhalation valve in ALS patients undergoing LT-TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vianello
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic, University-City Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Arcaro
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic, University-City Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Molena
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic, University-City Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Iovino
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic, University-City Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Gallan
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic, University-City Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Nakayama Y, Shimizu T, Matsuda C, Haraguchi M, Hayashi K, Mochizuki Y, Nagao M, Kawata A, Isozaki E. Non-motor manifestations in ALS patients with tracheostomy and invasive ventilation. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:735-741. [PMID: 29105161 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate non-motor manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with tracheostomy and invasive ventilation (TIV) and their relevance to disease progression. METHODS Sixty-seven ALS patients with TIV were enrolled, and followed-up prospectively. The patients were classified at the final evaluation into two subgroups according to the duration of TIV use or disease stage measured by communication impairment. We identified non-motor manifestations and investigated their frequencies and differences across the stages. RESULTS The non-motor manifestations were macroglossia (22.4%), unstable blood pressure (38.8%), hypothermia (26.9%), dysuria (50.7%), and hyperglycemia (12.1%). These manifestations occurred significantly more frequently in patients with TIV ≥5 years than in patients with TIV <5 years, and more in patients with severe communication impairment than in those with preserved communication ability. DISCUSSION Non-motor manifestations are observed at a high rate in ALS patients with TIV, and are possibly related to disease progression. Muscle Nerve 57: 735-741, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsuda
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Haraguchi
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Isozaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Gunton A, Hansen G, Schellenberg KL. Hospital utilization for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in saskatoon, Canada. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 19:201-205. [PMID: 29160128 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study reviewed hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Saskatoon, Canada, between 2005 and 2017. The purpose was to understand hospital utilization and admission patterns for patients with ALS in the absence of coordinated multidisciplinary care. METHODS Hospital/ICU admissions were detected at two hospitals in Saskatoon using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) coding for ALS. Patient demographic data, hospitalization and pre-hospitalization information were recorded, and descriptive statistics were generated. RESULTS Of the 83 patients identified, 52% were male with a mean age of 66.8 years. Fifty-two percent were undiagnosed prior to hospitalization, with significantly longer ICU stays compared to those diagnosed prior to admission (49.4 ± 46.6 vs. 21.9 ± 32.0 days; p = 0.0003). Eighty-nine percent of all admissions (n = 118) were non-elective. Although respiratory dysfunction was the most common reason for admission (n = 41, 49%), and all ICU admissions were for respiratory dysfunction, only 2% were on non-invasive ventilation prior to ICU admission. All tracheostomies (n =10, 12%) were placed non-electively, and 50% were in previously undiagnosed patients. Thirty-four percent (n = 28) of patients died in hospital in an ICU (n = 8, 29%) and hospital wards (n = 20, 71%). CONCLUSION ALS patients in Saskatoon had high non-elective admission rates, with over half undiagnosed prior to hospitalization, and high rates of emergent tracheostomy. This study highlights the need for early diagnosis and coordinated multidisciplinary care for improved outpatient management of ALS to reduce lengthy and complicated hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Gunton
- a College of Medicine , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Gregory Hansen
- b Divison of Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada , and
| | - Kerri Lynn Schellenberg
- c Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
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Radunovic A, Annane D, Rafiq MK, Brassington R, Mustfa N. Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 10:CD004427. [PMID: 28982219 PMCID: PMC6485636 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004427.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Neuromuscular respiratory failure is the most common cause of death, which usually occurs within two to five years of the disease onset. Supporting respiratory function with mechanical ventilation may improve survival and quality of life. This is the second update of a review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of mechanical ventilation (tracheostomy-assisted ventilation and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)) on survival, functional measures of disease progression, and quality of life in ALS, and to evaluate adverse events related to the intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and AMED on 30 January 2017. We also searched two clinical trials registries for ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs involving non-invasive or tracheostomy-assisted ventilation in participants with a clinical diagnosis of ALS, independent of the reported outcomes. We included comparisons with no intervention or the best standard care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For the original review, four review authors independently selected studies for assessment. Two review authors reviewed searches for this update. All review authors independently extracted data from the full text of selected studies and assessed the risk of bias in studies that met the inclusion criteria. We attempted to obtain missing data where possible. We planned to collect adverse event data from the included studies. MAIN RESULTS For the original Cochrane Review, the review authors identified two RCTs involving 54 participants with ALS receiving NIV. There were no new RCTs or quasi-RCTs at the first update. One new RCT was identified in the second update but was excluded for the reasons outlined below.Incomplete data were available for one published study comparing early and late initiation of NIV (13 participants). We contacted the trial authors, who were not able to provide the missing data. The conclusions of the review were therefore based on a single study of 41 participants comparing NIV with standard care. Lack of (or uncertain) blinding represented a risk of bias for participant- and clinician-assessed outcomes such as quality of life, but it was otherwise a well-conducted study with a low risk of bias.The study provided moderate-quality evidence that overall median survival was significantly different between the group treated with NIV and the standard care group. The median survival in the NIV group was 48 days longer (219 days compared to 171 days for the standard care group (estimated 95% confidence interval 12 to 91 days, P = 0.0062)). This survival benefit was accompanied by an enhanced quality of life. On subgroup analysis, in the subgroup with normal to moderately impaired bulbar function (20 participants), median survival was 205 days longer (216 days in the NIV group versus 11 days in the standard care group, P = 0.0059), and quality of life measures were better than with standard care (low-quality evidence). In the participants with poor bulbar function (21 participants), NIV did not prolong survival or improve quality of life, although there was significant improvement in the mean symptoms domain of the Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index by some measures. Neither trial reported clinical data on intervention-related adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-quality evidence from a single RCT of NIV in 41 participants suggests that it significantly prolongs survival, and low-quality evidence indicates that it improves or maintains quality of life in people with ALS. Survival and quality of life were significantly improved in the subgroup of people with better bulbar function, but not in those with severe bulbar impairment. Adverse effects related to NIV should be systematically reported, as at present there is little information on this subject. More RCT evidence to support the use of NIV in ALS will be difficult to generate, as not offering NIV to the control group is no longer ethically justifiable. Future studies should examine the benefits of early intervention with NIV and establish the most appropriate timing for initiating NIV in order to obtain its maximum benefit. The effect of adding cough augmentation techniques to NIV also needs to be investigated in an RCT. Future studies should examine the health economics of NIV. Access to NIV remains restricted in many parts of the world, including Europe and North America. We need to understand the factors, personal and socioeconomic, that determine access to NIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djillali Annane
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases; Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP‐HP)Department of Critical Care, Hyperbaric Medicine and Home Respiratory UnitFaculty of Health Sciences Simone Veil, University of Versailles SQY‐ University of Paris Saclay104 Boulevard Raymond PoincaréGarchesFrance92380
| | | | - Ruth Brassington
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryMRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesPO Box 114LondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Naveed Mustfa
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospital of North MidlandsDepartment of Respiratory MedicineNewcastle RoadStoke‐on‐TrentUKST4 6QG
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Polkey MI, Lyall RA, Yang K, Johnson E, Leigh PN, Moxham J. Respiratory Muscle Strength as a Predictive Biomarker for Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:86-95. [PMID: 27494149 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0848oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Biomarkers for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) would facilitate the development of novel drugs. Although respiratory muscle weakness is a known predictor of poor prognosis, a comprehensive comparison of different tests is lacking. OBJECTIVES To compare the predictive power of invasive and noninvasive respiratory muscle strength assessments for survival or ventilator-free survival, up to 3 years. METHODS From a previously published report respiratory muscle strength measurements were available for 78 patients with ALS. Time to death and/or ventilation were ascertained. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cutoff point of each parameter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Each respiratory muscle strength assessment individually achieved statistical significance for prediction of survival or ventilator-free survival. In multivariate analysis sniff trans-diaphragmatic and esophageal pressure, twitch trans-diaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi), age, and maximal static expiratory mouth pressure were significant predictors of ventilation-free survival and Tw Pdi and maximal static expiratory mouth pressure for absolute survival. Although all measures had good specificity, there were differing sensitivities. All cutoff points for the VC were greater than 80% of normal, except for prediction of 3-month outcomes. Sequential data showed a linear decline for direct measures of respiratory muscle strength, whereas VC showed little to no decline until 12 months before death/ventilation. CONCLUSIONS The most powerful biomarker for mortality stratification was Tw Pdi, but the predictive power of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure was also excellent. A VC within normal range suggested a good prognosis at 3 months but was of little other value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Polkey
- 1 National Institute for Heath Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A Lyall
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Yang
- 3 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California
| | - Erin Johnson
- 3 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California
| | - P Nigel Leigh
- 4 Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - John Moxham
- 5 King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; and.,6 Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Luo S. Multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model: an application in clinical studies with multivariate longitudinal outcomes. Stat Med 2017; 36:3244-3256. [PMID: 28569393 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel item response theory (MLIRT) models have been widely used to analyze the multivariate longitudinal data of mixed types (e.g., categorical and continuous) in clinical studies. The MLIRT models often have unidimensional assumption, that is, the multiple outcomes are clinical manifestations of a univariate latent variable. However, the unidimensional assumption may be unrealistic because some diseases may be heterogeneous and characterized by multiple impaired domains with variable clinical symptoms and disease progressions. We relax this assumption and propose a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) to allow multiple latent variables and within-item multidimensionality (one outcome can be a manifestation of more than one latent variable). We conduct extensive simulation studies to assess the unidimensional MLIRT model and the proposed MLTLMM model. The simulation studies suggest that the MLTLMM model outperforms unidimensional model when the multivariate longitudinal outcomes are manifested by multiple latent variables. The proposed model is applied to two motivating studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinical trial of ceftriaxone and the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials database. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, U.S.A
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Koç F, Balal M, Demir T, Alparslan ZN, Sarica Y. Adaptation to Turkish and Reliability Study of the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:229-233. [PMID: 28373799 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2016.11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. It is difficult to define the severity of the clinical findings of this destructive disease owing to its rapid progression, which presents serious alterations in a short time even in the same patient. The present study was designed to evaulate the validity of the Turkish version of the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), which has been used in various countries for measuring the functional status of ALS patients. METHODS The ALSFRS-R scores of 41 ALS patients (24 male), in any stages of illness, were simultaneously assessed by two physicians. The functional status of the patients (motor system, bulbar, and pulmonary functions) was evaluated under 12 titles. In every subtitle, the functional status was evaluated as 0 for the worst functional status and 4 for the best functional status. The mean differentials for both subtitles and global scores and the 95% confidence bounds of these means were detected. The coherence was defined as the states in which the coefficient is above 0.80 and is statistically significant. RESULTS From the data obtained, the correlation between the two physicians was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000) in terms of the means of both subtitles and total scores. CONCLUSION It was shown in the present study that in the clinical follow-up of the disease, the Turkish version of ALSFRS-R is a simple, reliable, and easily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Koç
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Balal
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Turgay Demir
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Z Nazan Alparslan
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yakup Sarica
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Gonzalez Calzada N, Prats Soro E, Mateu Gomez L, Giro Bulta E, Cordoba Izquierdo A, Povedano Panades M, Dorca Sargatal J, Farrero Muñoz E. Factors predicting survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on non-invasive ventilation. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 17:337-42. [PMID: 27046344 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2016.1165256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non invasive ventilation (NIV) improves quality of life and extends survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. However, few data exist about the factors related to survival. We intended to assess the predictive factors that influence survival in patients after NIV initiation. METHODS Patients who started NIV from 2000 to 2014 and were tolerant (compliance ≥ 4 hours) were included; demographic, disease related and respiratory variables at NIV initiation were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS 213 patients were included with median survival from NIV initiation of 13.5 months. In univariate analysis, the identified risk factors for mortality were severity of bulbar involvement (HR 2), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) % (HR 0.99) and ALSFRS-R (HR 0.97). Multivariate analysis showed that bulbar involvement (HR 1.92) and ALSFRS-R (HR 0.97) were independent predictive factors of survival in patients on NIV. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the two prognostic factors in ALS patients following NIV were the severity of bulbar involvement and ALSFRS-R at the time on NIV initiation. A better assessment of bulbar involvement, including evaluation of the upper airway, and a careful titration on NIV are necessary to optimize treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gonzalez Calzada
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Prats Soro
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Giro Bulta
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cordoba Izquierdo
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Povedano Panades
- b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,d Neurology Department , Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Dorca Sargatal
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Farrero Muñoz
- a Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain .,b IDIBELL Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Bourke SC, Steer J. Practical respiratory management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence, controversies and recent advances. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 6:147-60. [PMID: 27033240 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the onset of respiratory muscle weakness is silent, but survival following symptom recognition may only be a few weeks. Consequently, respiratory function and symptoms should be assessed every 2-3 months. Noninvasive ventilation improves symptoms, quality of life and survival, without increasing carer burden. Lung volume recruitment helps to reverse and prevent atelectasis, improving gas exchange, while techniques to enhance sputum clearance reduce the risk of mucus plugging and lower respiratory tract infections. When noninvasive support fails, often due to severe bulbar impairment, tracheostomy ventilation prolongs life. Most patients receiving tracheostomy ventilation at home report satisfactory quality of life, but at the expense of high carer burden. Diaphragmatic pacing is associated with an increased risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bourke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Steer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
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Nakayama Y, Shimizu T, Mochizuki Y, Hayashi K, Matsuda C, Nagao M, Watabe K, Kawata A, Oyanagi K, Isozaki E, Nakano I. Predictors of impaired communication in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with tracheostomy-invasive ventilation. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 17:38-46. [PMID: 26121169 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1055276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Predictors of communication impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using tracheostomy-invasive ventilation (TIV) were investigated. Seventy-six ALS patients using TIV were enrolled and classified into three subgroups of communication ability: patients who could communicate with communication devices (Stage I), patients who had difficulty with communication (Stage II, III, or IV), and patients who could not communicate by any means (Stage V). Predictors of communication impairment were analysed by the Cox proportional hazard model. Results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in disease duration between subgroups. Within 24 months after disease onset, patients who needed TIV and tube feeding, developed oculomotor impairment or became totally quadriplegic and progressed from Stage I to II and V significantly earlier. Multivariate analyses revealed that within 24 months from onset, the need for TIV and progression to total quadriplegia were significant events in patients who progressed to Stage II, whereas the development of oculomotor limitation was significant in patients who progressed to Stage V. In conclusion, TIV, impaired oculomotor movement and total quadriplegia are predictors of severe communication impairment. Rapid disease progression might indicate future communication impairment after the use of TIV. We highly recommend early detection of impaired communication and identification of the best methods of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- a Laboratory of Nursing Research for Intractable Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoko Mochizuki
- c Department of Pathology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan.,d Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsuda
- a Laboratory of Nursing Research for Intractable Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagao
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- e ALS and Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawata
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- f Department of Brain Disease Research , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Nagano , Japan
| | - Eiji Isozaki
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Imaharu Nakano
- b Department of Neurology , Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
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Vianello A, Concas A. Tracheostomy ventilation in ALS: A Japanese bias. J Neurol Sci 2014; 344:3-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tracheostomy and invasive ventilation in Japanese ALS patients: decision-making and survival analysis: 1990-2010. J Neurol Sci 2014; 344:158-64. [PMID: 25017882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors related to the choice of a tracheostomy and invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and to determine survival time after a tracheostomy at a single institute in Japan between 1990 and 2010. METHODS Data for survival time until death or tracheostomy were obtained from 160 patients. Fifty-two patients (33%) underwent tracheostomy/mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Tracheostomy and invasive ventilation prolonged median survival time (74 months), as did non-invasive ventilation (48 months) when compared to a non-ventilation-supported control group (32 months; p<0.001 each). The ratio of tracheostomy/mechanical ventilation in patients >65 years old significantly increased after 1999 (27%) compared to earlier years (10%, p=0.002). Cox proportional modeling confirmed an age of ≤65 years as advantageous for long-term survival after a tracheostomy. In univariate logistic regression analysis, factors related to the decision to perform a tracheostomy included an age of ≤65 years, greater use of non-invasive ventilation, the presence of a spouse, interval and speed from disease onset to diagnosis/tracheostomy and preservation of motor function. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, shorter duration from disease onset until tracheostomy and the presence of a spouse were independently associated with the decision to perform a tracheostomy. Kaplan-Meier plots revealed longer survival times in patients who resided at home after a tracheostomy compared to patients who stayed at a hospital (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Tracheostomy and invasive ventilation are frequently used in Japan. Various factors impact patients' decisions to have these procedures. This study identified factors related to the decision-making process and post-tracheostomy survival.
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Veronese S, Valle A, Chiò A, Calvo A, Oliver D. The last months of life of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mechanical invasive ventilation: A qualitative study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2014; 15:499-504. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2014.913637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Chiò
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
| | - David Oliver
- Wisdom Hospice,
Rochester
- University of Kent, Centre for Professional Practice,
Chatham, UK
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Place of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2014; 20:188-93. [PMID: 24785570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neurological disorder that affects motor neurons. Involvement of respiratory muscles causes the failure of the ventilator pump with more or less significant bulbar troubles. ALS course is highly variable but, in most cases, this disease entails a very significant burden for patients and caregivers, especially in the end-of-life period. In order to analyze the characteristics of ALS patients who die at home (DH) and in hospital (DHosp) and to study the variability of clinical practice, a retrospective medical records analysis was performed (n=77 from five hospitals). VARIABLES time elapsed since the onset of symptoms and the beginning of ventilation, characteristics of ventilation (device, mask and hours/day), and support devices and procedures. RESULTS In all, 14% of patients were ventilated by tracheotomy. From the analysis, 57% of patients were of DH. Mean time since the onset of symptoms was 35.93±25.89 months, significantly shorter in patients who DHosp (29.28±19.69 months) than DH (41.12±29.04) (p=0.044). The percentage of patients with facial ventilation is higher in DHosp (11.4% vs 39.4%, p<0.005). DH or not is related to a set of elements in which health resources, physician attitudes and support resources in the community play a role in the decision-making process. There is great variability between countries and between hospitals in the same country. Given the variability of circumstances in each territory, the place of death in ALS might not be the most important element; more important are the conditions under which the process unfolds.
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Goyal NA, Mozaffar T. Respiratory and Nutritional Support in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2014; 16:270. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-013-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dreyer P, Lorenzen CK, Schou L, Felding M. Survival in ALS with home mechanical ventilation non-invasively and invasively: A 15-year cohort study in west Denmark. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 15:62-7. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2013.837929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Radunovic A, Annane D, Rafiq MK, Mustfa N. Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD004427. [PMID: 23543531 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004427.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as motor neuron disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Neuromuscular respiratory failure is the commonest cause of death, usually within two to five years of the disease onset. Supporting respiratory function with mechanical ventilation may improve survival and quality of life. This is the first update of a review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review is to examine the efficacy of mechanical ventilation (tracheostomy and non-invasive ventilation) in improving survival in ALS. The secondary objectives are to examine the effect of mechanical ventilation on functional measures of disease progression and quality of life in people with ALS; and assess adverse events related to the intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched The Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (1 May 2012), CENTRAL (2012, Issue 4), MEDLINE (January 1966 to April 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to April 2012), CINAHL Plus (January 1937 to April 2012), and AMED (January 1985 to April 2012). We also searched for ongoing studies on ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving non-invasive or tracheostomy assisted ventilation in participants with a clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, independent of the reported outcomes. We planned to include comparisons with no intervention or the best standard care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For the original review, four authors independently selected studies for assessment and two authors reviewed searches for this update. All authors extracted data independently from the full text of selected studies and assessed the risk of bias in studies that met the inclusion criteria. We attempted to obtain missing data where possible. We planned to collect adverse event data from included studies. MAIN RESULTS For the original Cochrane review, the review authors identified and included two randomised controlled trials involving 54 participants with ALS receiving non-invasive ventilation. There were no new randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials at this first update.Incomplete data were published for one study and we contacted the trial authors who were not able to provide the missing data. Therefore, the results of the review were based on a single study of 41 participants that compared non-invasive ventilation with standard care. It was a well conducted study with low risk of bias.The study showed that the overall median survival was significantly different between the group treated with non-invasive ventilation and the standard care group. The median survival in the non-invasive ventilation group was 48 days longer (219 days compared to 171 days for the standard care group (estimated 95% CI 12 to 91 days, P = 0.0062)). This survival benefit was accompanied by an enhanced quality of life. On subgroup analysis, the survival and quality of life benefit was much more in the subgroup with normal to moderately impaired bulbar function (20 participants); median survival was 205 days longer (216 days in NIV group versus 11 days in the standard care group, P = 0.0059). Non-invasive ventilation did not prolong survival in participants with poor bulbar function (21 participants), although it showed significant improvement in the mean symptoms domain of the Sleep Apnoea Quality of Life Index but not in the Short Form-36 Health Survey Mental Component Summary score. Neither trial reported clinical data on intervention related adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from a single randomised trial of non-invasive ventilation in 41 participants suggests that it significantly prolongs survival and improves or maintains quality of life in people with ALS. Survival and some measures of quality of life were significantly improved in the subgroup of people with better bulbar function, but not in those with severe bulbar impairment. Future studies should examine the health economics of NIV and factors influencing access to NIV. We need to understand the factors, personal and socioeconomic, that determine access to NIV.
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Spataro R, Bono V, Marchese S, La Bella V. Tracheostomy mechanical ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical features and survival analysis. J Neurol Sci 2012; 323:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gruis KL, Lechtzin N. Respiratory therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a primer. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:313-31. [PMID: 22907221 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complications are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Treatment of respiratory insufficiency with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves ALS patients' quality of life and survival. Evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of ALS patients recommend treatment of respiratory insufficiency with NIV as well as consideration of insufflation/exsufflation to improve clearance of airway secretions. Despite these recommendations respiratory therapies remain underused. In this review we provide a practical guide for the clinician to prescribe and manage respiratory therapies for the patient with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Gruis
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1C327 UH, EMG Lab, SPC 5036, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Walterfang M, Chien YH, Imrie J, Rushton D, Schubiger D, Patterson MC. Dysphagia as a risk factor for mortality in Niemann-Pick disease type C: systematic literature review and evidence from studies with miglustat. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:76. [PMID: 23039766 PMCID: PMC3552828 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare neurovisceral disease characterised by progressive neurological deterioration and premature death, and has an estimated birth incidence of 1:120,000. Mutations in the NPC1 gene (in 95% of cases) and the NPC2 gene (in approximately 4% of cases) give rise to impaired intracellular lipid metabolism in a number of tissues, including the brain. Typical neurological manifestations include vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, saccadic eye movement abnormalities, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, dysmetria, dysphagia and dysarthria. Oropharyngeal dysphagia can be particularly problematic as it can often lead to food or fluid aspiration and subsequent pneumonia. Epidemiological data suggest that bronchopneumonia subsequent to food or fluid aspiration is a major cause of mortality in NP-C and other neurodegenerative disorders. These findings indicate that a therapy capable of improving or stabilising swallowing function might reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia, and could have a positive impact on patient survival. Miglustat, currently the only approved disease-specific therapy for NP-C in children and adults, has been shown to stabilise key neurological manifestations in NP-C, including dysphagia. In this article we present findings from a systematic literature review of published data on bronchopneumonia/aspiration pneumonia as a cause of death, and on the occurrence of dysphagia in NP-C and other neurodegenerative diseases. We then examine the potential links between dysphagia, aspiration, pneumonia and mortality with a view to assessing the possible effect of miglustat on patient lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Walterfang
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Melbourne 3050, Australia
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Departments of Paediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Derren Rushton
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Schubiger
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Melbourne 3050, Australia
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Andersen PM, Abrahams S, Borasio GD, de Carvalho M, Chio A, Van Damme P, Hardiman O, Kollewe K, Morrison KE, Petri S, Pradat PF, Silani V, Tomik B, Wasner M, Weber M. EFNS guidelines on the clinical management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MALS)--revised report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:360-75. [PMID: 21914052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence base for the diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is weak. OBJECTIVES To provide evidence-based or expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ALS based on a literature search and the consensus of an expert panel. METHODS All available medical reference systems were searched, and original papers, meta-analyses, review papers, book chapters and guidelines recommendations were reviewed. The final literature search was performed in February 2011. Recommendations were reached by consensus. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients with symptoms suggestive of ALS should be assessed as soon as possible by an experienced neurologist. Early diagnosis should be pursued, and investigations, including neurophysiology, performed with a high priority. The patient should be informed of the diagnosis by a consultant with a good knowledge of the patient and the disease. Following diagnosis, the patient and relatives/carers should receive regular support from a multidisciplinary care team. Medication with riluzole should be initiated as early as possible. Control of symptoms such as sialorrhoea, thick mucus, emotional lability, cramps, spasticity and pain should be attempted. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding improves nutrition and quality of life, and gastrostomy tubes should be placed before respiratory insufficiency develops. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation also improves survival and quality of life. Maintaining the patient's ability to communicate is essential. During the entire course of the disease, every effort should be made to maintain patient autonomy. Advance directives for palliative end-of-life care should be discussed early with the patient and carers, respecting the patient's social and cultural background.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Morgado Muñoz I, Moreno Martín A, Rodríguez-Huertas F. [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and posterior tracheostomy in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2011; 58:131-132. [PMID: 21427833 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(11)70015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Kim MS, Shin HI, Min Y, Kim JY, Kim JS. Correlation between Severe ALS Patient-Caregiver Couples' Characteristics and Caregivers' Health Related Quality of Life. J Korean Acad Nurs 2011; 41:354-63. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Soo Kim
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ik Shin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yusun Min
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Kim
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Soon Kim
- Professor, College of Nursing, Pusan National University College of Nursing, Yangsan, Korea
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Vianello A, Arcaro G, Palmieri A, Ermani M, Braccioni F, Gallan F, Soraru' G, Pegoraro E. Survival and quality of life after tracheostomy for acute respiratory failure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Crit Care 2010; 26:329.e7-14. [PMID: 20655697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common event in the advanced stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and may be rarely a presenting symptom. Frequently, such patients require intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) and, in a large proportion, receive tracheostomy, as a consequence of weaning failure. In our study, we investigated postdischarge survival and quality of life (QoL) after tracheostomy for ARF in patients with ALS. METHODS DESIGN This study is a retrospective chart review combined with prospective evaluation of QoL and degree of depression. SETTING The study was conducted in an adult, respiratory intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with tracheostomy for ARF between January 1, 1995 and April 30, 2008 were investigated. INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS (a) A retrospective chart review was used and (b) prospective administration of the 11-item short-form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-11) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires to survivors, at least 1 month after discharge from hospital, was performed. RESULTS Sixty patients were studied retrospectively. None of the patients died in the hospital after tracheostomy. Forty-two patients (70%) were discharged completely MV dependent, and 17 patients (28.3%) were partially MV dependent. One patient (1.6%) was liberated from MV. The median survival after tracheostomy was 21 months (range, 0-155 months). The survival rate was 65% by 1 year and 45% by 2 years after tracheostomy. Survival was significantly shorter in patients older than 60 years at tracheostomy, with a hazard ratio of dying of 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.9). All 13 survivors completed the LSI-11 and BDI. The mean (SD) cumulative score on the LSI-11 was 9.3 (3.6; range, 0-22; higher values indicating better QoL), similar to that obtained from a control group consisting of individuals with ALS who had not received tracheostomy (9.3 ± 4.3) and to that reported for persons in the general population. Only 15% of the tracheostomized patients (2/13) were severely depressed, according to BDI; 11 of 13 patients reported a positive view of tracheostomy and said that they would want to undergo this procedure if they could make the decision again. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ALS have a high chance of long-term survival after tracheostomy for ARF. Although administered at the time of a respiratory crisis without being discussed in advance, tracheostomy shows good acceptance and results in acceptable QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vianello
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, City Hospital of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
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Campos TS, Rodríguez-Santos F, Esteban J, Vázquez PC, Mora Pardina JS, Carmona AC. Spanish adaptation of the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:475-7. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2010.489115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Silva LBDC, Mourão LF, Silva AA, Lima NMFV, Almeida SR, Franca Jr MC, Nucci A, Amaya-Farfán J. Effect of nutritional supplementation with milk whey proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2010; 68:263-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy of oral supplementation with milk whey proteins and modified starch (70%WPI:30%MS), on nutritional and functional parameters of patients with ALS. METHOD: A prospective randomized double-blind study was performed with 16 ALS patients, divided in two groups, the treatment group received (70%WPI:30%MS) and the control group received (maltodextrin). They underwent prospective nutritional and functional assessment for 4 months. RESULTS: Patients in the treatment group presented weight gain, increased body mass index (BMI), increased arm muscle area and circumference, higher albumin, white blood cell and total lymphocyte counts, and reduced creatine-kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. In the control group, biochemical parameters did not change, but weight and BMI declined. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the agglomerate 70%WPI:30%MS may be useful in the nutritional therapy of patients with ALS.
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Radunovic A, Annane D, Jewitt K, Mustfa N. Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD004427. [PMID: 19821325 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004427.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as motor neuron disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Without mechanical ventilation, death from respiratory failure usually follows within two to five years of the onset of symptoms. OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of mechanical ventilation (tracheostomy and non-invasive ventilation) in improving survival, on disease progression and quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Specialized Register (December 8 2008), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 2008), EMBASE (January 1947 to December 2008), CINAHL Plus (January 1937 to December 2008), and AMED (January 1985 to December 2008). We also searched for ongoing studies on clinicaltrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving non-invasive or tracheostomy assisted ventilation in participants with a clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Four authors independently selected studies for assessment. All authors extracted data independently from the full text of selected studies and assessed the risk of bias in studies that met the inclusion criteria. We attempted to obtain missing data where possible. MAIN RESULTS Two randomised controlled trials involving 54 participants receiving non-invasive ventilation were identified and included. Incomplete data were published for one study and we contacted the trial authors who were not able to provide the missing data. Therefore the results of the review were based on a single study of 41 participants. The study showed that the overall median survival in the whole cohort after initiation of assisted ventilation was significantly different between the non-invasive ventilation and standard care groups (P = 0.0062) with a median survival for the non-invasive ventilation group patients of 48 days longer than the standard care group participants. Non-invasive ventilation significantly improved survival and quality of life in the subgroup with normal to moderately impaired bulbar function. Non-invasive ventilation did not prolong survival in patients with poor bulbar function although it showed significant improvement in the mean symptoms domain of the sleep apnoea quality-of-life index but not in the Short Form-36 quality of life mental component summary score . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from a single randomised trial of non-invasive ventilation in 41 participants suggests that it significantly prolongs survival and improves or maintains quality of life in people with ALS. Survival and some measures of quality of life were significantly improved in the subgroup of people with better bulbar function, but not in those with severe bulbar impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radunovic
- Barts and the London MND Centre, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK, E1 1BB
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Albert SM, Whitaker A, Rabkin JG, del Bene M, Tider T, O'Sullivan I, Mitsumoto H. Medical and supportive care among people with ALS in the months before death or tracheostomy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 38:546-53. [PMID: 19540088 PMCID: PMC2761492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who choose tracheostomy demonstrate a strong and mostly consistent attachment to life from the point of diagnosis. It is unclear if these patients also use medical and health services to a greater degree than patients who decide against tracheostomy. In this research, patients with a high likelihood of dying over six months (forced vital capacity <50% predicted) were followed monthly until death or tracheostomy with long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV). Patient service use was measured by caregiver reports of 1) ALS-specific prosthetic devices, 2) allied health or medical services, 3) legal preparation for medical care or the end of life, and 4) medical care episodes. Caregivers also reported all patient prescription medications. At follow-up, 57 patients died and 14 elected to have tracheostomy and LTMV. Patients who opted for LTMV were younger and had higher household incomes. They were significantly more likely to use nasal ventilation, paid home care, and family or personal counseling over follow-up, and they were also more likely to remain on medications. The proactive orientation to health and desire to live despite severe disability reported for people choosing LTMV thus extends as well to more intensive use of medical and supportive care in the months before tracheostomy. A challenging task for clinicians is to acknowledge this strong desire to live while providing appropriate expectations for life after tracheostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Albert
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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