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Brims FJH, Kong K, Harris EJA, Sodhi-Berry N, Reid A, Murray CP, Franklin PJ, Musk AB, de Klerk NH. Pleural Plaques and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Asbestos-exposed Subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:57-62. [PMID: 31433952 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201901-0096oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Asbestos exposure is associated with a dose-dependent risk of lung cancer. The association between lung cancer and the presence of pleural plaques remains controversial. Objectives: To define the relationship between pleural plaques and lung cancer risk. Methods: Subjects were from two cohorts: 1) crocidolite mine and mill workers and Wittenoom Township residents and 2) a mixed-asbestos-fiber, mixed-occupation group. All subjects underwent annual review since 1990, chest X-ray or low-dose computed tomography scan, and outcome linkage to national cancer and mortality registry data. Cox regression, with adjustment for age (as the underlying matching time variable), was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence by sex, tobacco smoking, asbestos exposure, presence of asbestosis, and pleural plaques. Measurements and Main Results: For all 4,240 subjects, mean age at follow up was 65.4 years, 3,486 (82.0%) were male, 1,315 (31.0%) had pleural plaques, and 1,353 (32.0%) had radiographic asbestosis. Overall, 3,042 (71.7%) were ever-smokers with mean tobacco exposure of 33 pack-years. In total, 200 lung cancers were recorded. Risk of lung cancer increased with cumulative exposure to cigarettes, asbestos, and presence of asbestosis. Pleural plaques did not confer any additional lung cancer risk in either cohort (cohort 1: HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-1.67; P = 0.89; cohort 2: HR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.25; P = 0.28). Conclusions: The presence of pleural plaques on radiologic imaging does not confer additional increase in the risk of lung cancer. This result is consistent across two cohorts with differing asbestos fiber exposures and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J H Brims
- Curtin Medical School and.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ed J A Harris
- Curtin Medical School and.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Conor P Murray
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
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Libby Amphibole Disease: Pulmonary Function and CT Abnormalities in Vermiculite Miners. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:167-173. [PMID: 29200190 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes radiologic and pulmonary function findings among miners exposed to Libby amphibole. Computed tomography (CT) permits the detection of the characteristic thin, lamellar pleural thickening (LPT). METHODS Individuals who worked at the mine for a minimum of 6 months had chest CT and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS Pleural thickening was noted in 223 (87%) of the 256 miners, parenchymal abnormalities in 49 (19%). LPT, found in 151 (68%), was associated with low values of forced vital capacity and diffusion capacity and significantly lower values in all pulmonary function tests when associated with parenchymal abnormalities. CONCLUSION Eighty-seven percent of miners exposed to Libby Amphibole had pleural abnormalities on CT. LPT alone, and more so with parenchymal abnormalities, resulted in decreased pulmonary function. The importance of this easily missed LPT is demonstrated by its high frequency and significant functional effects.
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3
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Aron A, Urban AE, Lanfranco JA, Freire AX, Romero-Legro IH. An 80-Year-Old Man With Asbestos Exposure Presenting With Respiratory Distress. Chest 2019; 152:e25-e28. [PMID: 28797396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Aron
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN
| | - Alexander E Urban
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Amado Xavier Freire
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN
| | - Ivan H Romero-Legro
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN.
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4
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Cha YK, Kim JS, Kwon JH. Quantification of pleural plaques by computed tomography and correlations with pulmonary function: preliminary study. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2118-2124. [PMID: 29850115 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to quantify pleural plaque volumes (PPVs) by computed tomography (CT) and investigate relations between PPV and pulmonary function after excluding other factors that might affect pulmonary function. Methods Twenty-six subjects with pleural plaques and pulmonary function test (PFT) results among 1,544 subjects that registered with the Korea Environment Corporation for asbestos damage relief from January 2011 to December 2015 were included. Subjects with CT evidence of lung diseases and/or previous surgery were excluded. PPVs were measured by tracing the outlines of all pleural plaques on CT images. Patients were allocated to three groups by PPV, as follows, <10, 10-20, or ≥20 mL, and the PFT results of these groups were analyzed and compared. Simple linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate correlations between PPV and PFT variables. Results No significant relationship was found between total PPV and pulmonary function indices or between PPV groups and PFT results (P>0.05). However, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) values in the higher PPV group (≥20 mL) tended to be lower, indicating a restrictive pattern of pulmonary function. Conclusions We quantified PPV on CT and found out higher PPV tended to exhibit a restrictive pattern. However, pleural plaques alone were not found to be significantly associated with pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ki Cha
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeung Sook Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
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5
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Araki T, Yanagawa M, Sun F, Dupuis J, Nishino M, Yamada Y, Washko GR, Christiani DC, Tomiyama N, O’Connor GT, Hunninghake GM, Hatabu H. Pleural abnormalities in the Framingham Heart Study: prevalence and CT image features. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:756-761. [PMID: 28468931 PMCID: PMC5701783 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of pleural abnormalities in the general population is an epidemiologically important index of asbestos exposure, which has not been investigated since a radiography-based study in 1980. METHODS We examined 2633 chest CT scans (mean 59.2 years, 50% female) from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) for the presence and image characteristics of pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. Demographics and pulmonary function were stratified by the presence of pleural abnormalities in association with interstitial lung abnormalities. RESULTS Pleural abnormalities were present in 1.5% (95% CI 1.1% to 2.1%). Pleural lesions were most commonly bilateral (90.0%), multiple (77.5%), calcified (97.5%) and commonly involved posterior (lower: 92.5%, middle: 87.5%), anterior (upper: 77.5%, middle: 77.5%) and diaphragmatic areas (72.5%). Participants with pleural abnormalities were significantly older (75.7 years, p <0.0001), male (92.5%, p <0.0001), former or current smokers (80.0%, p <0.001) with higher pack-years (33.3, p <0.0001). No significant reduction was noted in pulmonary function measures (p=0.07-0.94) when adjusted for the associated covariates, likely due to small number of cases with pleural abnormalities. Information about prior history of asbestos exposure and occupation was not available. CONCLUSIONS Pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening are present on CT in 1.5% of the FHS cohort. The current prevalence of the pleural abnormalities is smaller than that reported in the previous population-based study using chest radiography, likely representing lower asbestos exposure in recent decades. The posterior portion of the pleura is most frequently involved but the anterior portion is also commonly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Araki
- Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fangui Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Mizuki Nishino
- Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George R. Washko
- The Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - George T. O’Connor
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Gary M. Hunninghake
- The Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hiroto Hatabu
- Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Clark KA, Flynn JJ, Karmaus WJJ, Mohr LC. The Effects of Pleural Plaques on Longitudinal Lung Function in Vermiculite Miners of Libby, Montana. Am J Med Sci 2017. [PMID: 28641716 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess associations of pleural plaques (PP) and longitudinal lung function in vermiculite miners of Libby, Montana who are occupationally exposed to asbestos. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to identify asbestos-related findings in former Libby vermiculite miners. We investigated annual lung function decline in miners with PP only and compared them to miners with normal HRCT findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS HRCTs from 128 miners were categorized into the following 4 diagnostic groups: (1) normal computed tomography scan (n = 9); (2) PP only (n = 72); (3) PP and interstitial fibrosis (n = 26) and (4) additional HRCT abnormalities (n = 21) such as rounded atelectasis, diffuse pleural thickening, pleural effusions or pulmonary nodules or tumor >1cm in diameter. Random intercept and slope linear mixed-effect regression models identified differences in lung function decline between miners with asbestos-associated outcomes and those with normal HRCT. Models were adjusted for follow-up time, body mass index, smoking status, latent exposure period and employment years. Interactions for smoking status with age and smoking status with pleural plaque severity were examined. RESULTS Miners with PP only did not have an accelerated decline in lung function between 40 and 80 years. Miners with PP and additional HRCT abnormalities displayed significantly accelerated declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (P = 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Plaque severity did not affect lung function decline. However, smokers with extensive plaques displayed accelerated loss in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and forced expiratory volume in 1 second when compared to nonsmoking miners with mild plaque formation. CONCLUSIONS PP alone did not significantly affect lung function decline in vermiculite miners of Libby, Montana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Clark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - J Jay Flynn
- Health Network America, Tinton Falls, New Jersey
| | - Wilfried J J Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lawrence C Mohr
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Environmental Biosciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Comment on “Exposure-response modeling of non-cancer effects in humans exposed to Libby Amphibole Asbestos; update” by Benson et al. (2015). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:268-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Zu K, Tao G, Goodman JE. Pleural plaques and lung function in the Marysville worker cohort: a re-analysis. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:514-9. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1210704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zu
- Gradient, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Gradient, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Cyphert JM, McGee MA, Nyska A, Schladweiler MC, Kodavanti UP, Gavett SH. Long-term toxicity of naturally occurring asbestos in male Fischer 344 rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:49-60. [PMID: 26818398 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1099123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) fibers are found in geologic deposits that may be disturbed by mining, earthworks, or natural processes, resulting in adverse health risks to exposed individuals. The toxicities of Libby amphibole and NOA samples including Sumas Mountain chrysotile (SM), El Dorado tremolite (ED), and Ontario ferroactinolite cleavage fragments (ON) were compared in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats 15 mo after exposure. Rat-respirable fractions of LA and SM displayed greater mean lengths and aspect ratios than ED and ON. After a single intratracheal (IT) instillation (0.5 or 1.5 mg/rat), persistent changes in ventilatory parameters and a significant increase in lung resistance at baseline and after methacholine aerosol dosing were found only in rats exposed to 1.5 mg SM. High-dose ED significantly elevated bronchoalveolar lavage lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and protein levels, while high-dose SM increased γ-glutamyl transferase and LDH activities. A moderate degree of lung interstitial fibrosis after exposure to 1.5 mg SM persisted 15 mo after exposure, unchanged from previous findings at 3 mo. LA induced mild fibrosis, while ED and ON produced minimal and no apparent fibrosis, respectively. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was observed 15 mo after exposure to LA or ED. Data demonstrated that SM, given by bolus IT dosing on an equivalent mass basis, induced greater pulmonary function deficits, airway hyperresponsiveness, and interstitial fibrosis than other NOA, although unlike LA and ED, no apparent evidence for carcinogenicity was found. All NOA samples except ON cleavage fragments produced some degree of long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Cyphert
- a Curriculum in Toxicology , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Marie A McGee
- b Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge , Tennessee , USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- c National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
- d Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Timrat , Israel
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- e Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- e Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- e Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
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10
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Exposure-response modeling of non-cancer effects in humans exposed to Libby Amphibole Asbestos; update. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:780-9. [PMID: 26524929 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a quantitative exposure-response model for the non-cancer effects of Libby Amphibole Asbestos (LAA) (EPA, 2014). The model is based on the prevalence of localized pleural thickening (LPT) in workers exposed to LAA at a workplace in Marysville, Ohio (Lockey et al., 1984; Rohs et al., 2008). Recently, Lockey et al. (2015a) published a follow-up study of surviving Marysville workers. The data from this study increases the number of cases of LPT and extends the observation period for a number of workers, thereby providing a strengthened data set to define and constrain the optimal exposure-response model for non-cancer effects from inhalation exposure to LAA. The new data were combined with the previous data to update the exposure-response modeling for LPT. The results indicate that a bivariate model using cumulative exposure and time since first exposure is appropriate, and the benchmark concentration is similar to the findings previously reported by EPA (2014). In addition, the data were also used to develop initial exposure-response models for diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) and small interstitial opacities (SIO).
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Response to Comment on "HRCT/CT and Associated Spirometric Effects of Low Libby Amphibole Asbestos Exposure" by Lockey et al (2015). J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:e80-2. [PMID: 26147560 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Maxim LD, Niebo R, Utell MJ. Are pleural plaques an appropriate endpoint for risk analyses? Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:321-34. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Noonan CW. Pleural plaques and their effect on lung function: conclusions based on insufficient power to reject the null. Chest 2015; 147:e124. [PMID: 25732469 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Noonan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT.
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Clark KA, Flynn JJ, Goodman JE, Zu K, Karmaus WJJ, Mohr LC. Response. Chest 2015; 147:e124-e126. [PMID: 25732470 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Clark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ke Zu
- Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, MA
| | - Wilfried J J Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Lawrence C Mohr
- Department of Medicine, the Department of Public Health Sciences, and the Environmental Biosciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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Clark KA, Flynn JJ, Goodman JE, Zu K, Karmaus WJJ, Mohr LC. Response. Chest 2015; 147:e128-e129. [PMID: 25732472 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Clark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ke Zu
- Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, MA
| | - Wilfried J J Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Lawrence C Mohr
- Department of Medicine, the Department of Public Health Sciences, and the Environmental Biosciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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16
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Miller A. Pleural Plaques and Their Effect on Lung Function. Chest 2015; 147:e127-e128. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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HRCT/CT and Associated Spirometric Effects of Low Libby Amphibole Asbestos Exposure. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:6-13. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Context US EPA proposed a Reference Concentration for Libby amphibole asbestos based on the premise that pleural plaques are adverse and cause lung function deficits. Objective We conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether there is an association between pleural plaques and lung function and ascertain whether results were dependent on the method used to identify plaques. Methods Using the PubMed database, we identified studies that evaluated pleural plaques and lung function. We assessed each study for quality, then integrated evidence and assessed associations based on the Bradford Hill guidelines. We also compared the results of HRCT studies to those of X-ray studies. Results We identified 16 HRCT and 36 X-ray studies. We rated six HRCT and 16 X-ray studies as higher quality based on a risk-of-bias analysis. Half of the higher quality studies reported small but statistically significant mean lung function decrements associated with plaques. None of the differences were clinically significant. Many studies had limitations, such as inappropriate controls and/or insufficient adjustment for confounders. There was little consistency in the direction of effect for the most commonly reported measurements. X-ray results were more variable than HRCT results. Pleural plaques were not associated with changes in lung function over time in longitudinal studies. Conclusion The weight of evidence indicates that pleural plaques do not impact lung function. Observed associations are most likely due to unidentified abnormalities or other factors.
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