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Nogueira CDO, Lopes da Silva MO, de Lima EV, Christoff RR, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Lemos FS, da Silva NE, Da Poian AT, Assunção-Miranda I, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. Immunosuppression-induced Zika virus reactivation causes brain inflammation and behavioral deficits in mice. iScience 2024; 27:110178. [PMID: 38993676 PMCID: PMC11237861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that can persist in several tissues. The late consequences of ZIKV persistence and whether new rounds of active replication can occur, remain unaddressed. Here, we investigated whether neonatally ZIKV-infected mice are susceptible to viral reactivation in adulthood. We found that when ZIKV-infected mice are treated with immunosuppressant drugs, they present increased susceptibility to chemically induced seizures. Levels of subgenomic flavivirus RNAs (sfRNAs) were increased, relative to the amounts of genomic RNAs, in the brains of mice following immunosuppression and were associated with changes in cytokine expression. We investigated the impact of immunosuppression on the testicles and found that ZIKV genomic RNA levels are increased in mice following immunosuppression, which also caused significant testicular damage. These findings suggest that ZIKV can establish new rounds of active replication long after acute stages of disease, so exposed patients should be monitored to ensure complete viral eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara de O Nogueira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuelle V de Lima
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Rilo Christoff
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gavino-Leopoldino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Lemos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nicolas E da Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil
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2
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Guo Q, Li TF, Huang J, Li JC, Zhang ZC, Qu YL. The protective role of phlorizin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1340591. [PMID: 38846786 PMCID: PMC11156221 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1340591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Orchitis is a common reproductive disease of male animals, which has serious implications to human and animal reproduction. Additionally, phlorizin (PHN), a common polyphenol in apples and strawberries, has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging activities. We aimed to determine the protective effects and potential mechanisms of PHN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute orchitis in mice. Method After 21 days of PHN pretreatment, mice were injected with LPS to induce testicular inflammation, and then the changes of testicular tissue structure, expression of inflammatory factors, testosterone level, expression of testosterone-related genes, adhesion gene and protein expression were detected, and the structural changes in the intestinal flora after PHN treatment were further detected by 16SRNA. Result Our results demonstrated that PHN treatment reduced LPS-induced testicular injury and body and testicular weight losses. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activity were also decreased and elevated, respectively, by PHN administration; however, PHN treatment also reduced the LPS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in the testes. Additionally, further studies found that PHN increased the expression of marker proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin associated with the blood testosterone barrier compared with that in LPS treatment groups. To further examine the potential mechanisms of the protective effect of PHN on LPS-induced testicular injury, we compared the differences of gut microbiota compositions between the 100 mg/kg PHN treatment group and the control group using 16SRNA. Metagenomic analyses indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus in the PHN treatment group improved, while potential microbes that can induce intestinal diseases, including Verrucomicrobia, Epsilonbacteraeota, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia decreased in the PHN treatment group. Conclusion Our results indicate that PHN pretreatment might alleviate orchitis by altering the composition of gut microflora, which may provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of acute orchitis in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian-Feng Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing-Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ze-Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong-Li Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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3
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Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao C, Yu S, Qu J, Chen G, Wei H. Combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and lipopolysaccharide on testosterone biosynthesis and inflammation in mouse testis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116180. [PMID: 38458071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs), as a source and vector of pathogenic bacteria, are widely distributed in the natural environments. Here, we investigated the combined effects of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on testicular function in mice for the first time. 24 male mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups, control, PS-NPs, LPS, and PS-NPs + LPS, respectively. Histological alterations of the testes were observed in mice exposed to PS-NPs, LPS or PS-NPs + LPS. Total sperm count, the levels of testosterone in plasma and testes, the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) decreased more remarkable in testes of mice treated with PS-NPs and LPS than the treatment with LPS or PS-NPs alone. Compared with PS-NPs treatment, LPS treatment induced more sever inflammatory response in testes of mice. Moreover, PS-NPs combined with LPS treatment increased the expression of these inflammatory factors more significantly than LPS treatment alone. In addition, PS-NPs or LPS treatment induced oxidative stress in testes of mice, but their combined effect is not significantly different from LPS treatment alone. These results suggest that PS-NPs exacerbate LPS-induced testicular dysfunction. Our results provide new evidence for the threats to male reproductive function induced by both NPs and bacterial infection in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; Wujiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215299, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-Shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
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Monageng E, Offor U, Takalani NB, Mohlala K, Opuwari CS. A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1559. [PMID: 37627554 PMCID: PMC10451682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility. To prevent Leydig cells from oxidative insults, there needs to be a balance between the ROS production and the cellular protective capacity of antioxidants. Evidence indicates that medicinal plants could improve Leydig cell function at specific concentrations under basal or OS conditions. The increased usage of medicinal plants has been considered a possible alternative treatment for male infertility. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of oxidative stress on Leydig cells as well as the effects of various medicinal plant extracts on TM3 Leydig cells. The medicinal plants of interest include Aspalathus linearis, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Morinda officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia sambesiaca, Peltophorum africanum, Ximenia caffra, Serenoa repens, Zingiber officinale, Eugenia jambolana, and a combination of dandelion and fermented rooibos (CRS-10). According to the findings obtained from studies conducted on the evaluated medicinal plants, it can, therefore, be concluded that the medicinal plants maintain the antioxidant profile of Leydig cells under basal conditions and have protective or restorative effects following exposure to oxidative stress. The available data suggest that the protective role exhibited by the evaluated plants may be attributed to their antioxidant content. Additionally, the use of the optimal dosage or concentration of the extracts in the management of oxidative stress is of the utmost importance, and the measurement of their oxidation reduction potential is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monageng
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Ugochukwu Offor
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuho Beauty Takalani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Kutullo Mohlala
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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5
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Хамадьянова АУ, Кузнецов КО, Гайфуллина ЭИ, Каландин ДА, Хамидуллина РР, Халитова ИФ, Фаизов РМ, Камалетдинова НО, Асланова БФ, Накиева АГ, Бурангулова ЛЭ, Гайсина ГО. [Androgens and Parkinson's disease: the role in humans and in experiment]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:146-156. [PMID: 36689720 PMCID: PMC9939975 DOI: 10.14341/probl13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence that PD has a wider prevalence among men, which indicates the existing role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease. The article presents an overview of studies devoted to the study of sex differences in the incidence and symptoms of PD. Drug therapy with androgens, androgen precursors, antiandrogens and drugs that modify androgen metabolism is available for the treatment of various endocrine conditions, having translational significance for PD, but none of these drugs has yet shown sufficient effectiveness. Although PD has now been proven to be more common in men than in women, androgens do not always have any effect on the symptoms or progression of the disease. 5α-reductase inhibitors have shown neuroprotective and anti-dyskinetic activity and need further investigation. Despite the fact that the neuroprotective effect of dutasteride was observed only before damage to DA neurons, the absence of a negative effect makes it an attractive drug for use in patients with PD due to its anti-dyskinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Д. А. Каландин
- Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
| | | | | | - Р. М. Фаизов
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
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Nguyen TT, Hulme J, Tran HD, Vo TK, Vo GV. The potential impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1483-1495. [PMID: 35181849 PMCID: PMC8856879 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to overwhelm health care systems impairing human to human social and economic interactions. Invasion or damage to the male reproductive system is one of the documented outcomes of viral infection. Existing studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to this loss in relation to inflammatory responses and the formation of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients. Although direct infection of the testes and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into semen as well as subsequent consequences on the male reproductive system need to be studied more systematically, warnings from two organising ASRM and SART for prospective parents when infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. In the context of an increasingly complex pandemic, this review provides preliminary examples of the potential impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and guidance for prospective parents currently infected with or recovering from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - J Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - H D Tran
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - T K Vo
- Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Vietnam Sports Hospital, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - G V Vo
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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7
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Sağraç D, Şenkal S, Hayal TB, Demirci S, Şişli HB, Asutay AB, Doğan A. Protective role of Cytoglobin and Neuroglobin against the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in Leydig cells ex vivo. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100595. [PMID: 35121559 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cells are responsible for testosterone production in male testis upon stimulation by luteinizing hormone. Inflammation and oxidative stress related Leydig cell dysfunction is one of the major causes of male infertility. Cytoglobin (CYGB) and Neuroglobin (NGB) are two globin family member proteins which protect cells against oxidative stress. In the current study, we established a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in TM3 Leydig cell culture to study the function of CYGB and NGB proteins under inflammatory conditions. CYGB and NGB were downregulated using siRNA and shRNA based experimental strategies. Overexpression was conducted using lentiviral pLenti-III-CYGB-2A-GFP, and pLenti-III-NGB-2A-GFP vector systems. As testicular macrophages regulate immune function upon inflammation and steroidogenesis of Leydig cells, we generated direct/indirect co-culture systems of TM3 and mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cells ex vivo. Downregulation of CYGB and NGB induced nitride oxide (NO) release, blocked cell cycle progression, reduced testosterone production and increased inflammatory and apoptotic pathway gene expression in the presence and absence of LPS. On the other hand, CYGB and NGB overexpression reduced TNFα and COX-2 protein expressions and increased the expression of testosterone biogenesis pathway genes upon LPS stimulation. In addition, CYGB and NGB overexpression upregulated testosterone production. The present study successfully established an inflammatory interaction model of TM3 and RAW264.7 cells. Suppression of CYGB and NGB in TM3 cells changed macrophage morphology, enhanced macrophage cell number and NO release in co-culture experiments upon LPS exposure. In summary, these results demonstrate that globin family members might control LPS induced inflammation by regulating apoptotic mechanisms and macrophage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Sağraç
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Bartu Hayal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayla Burçin Asutay
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Bourque M, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Androgens and Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Human Studies and Animal Models. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 2:294-303. [PMID: 35024696 PMCID: PMC8744006 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. A greater prevalence and incidence of PD are reported in men than in women, suggesting a potential contribution of sex, genetic difference and/or sex hormones. This review presents an overview of epidemiological and clinical studies investigating sex differences in the incidence and symptoms of PD. This sex difference is replicated in animal models of PD showing an important neuroprotective role of sex steroids. Therefore, although gender and genetic factors likely contribute to the sex difference in PD, focus here will be on sex hormones because of their neuroprotective role. Androgens receive less attention than estrogen. It is well known that endogenous androgens are more abundant in healthy men than in women and decrease with aging; lower levels are reported in PD men than in healthy male subjects. Drug treatments with androgens, androgen precursors, antiandrogens, and drugs modifying androgen metabolism are available to treat various endocrine conditions, thus having translational value for PD but none have yet given sufficient positive effects for PD. Variability in the androgen receptor is reported in humans and is an additional factor in the response to androgens. In animal models of PD used to study neuroprotective activity, the androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have given inconsistent results. 5α-Reductase inhibitors have shown neuroprotective activity in animal models of PD and antidyskinetic activity. Hence, androgens have not consistently shown beneficial or deleterious effects in PD but numerous androgen-related drugs are available that could be repurposed for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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9
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Henkel R. Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Reproductive Biology and Medicine: A Comprehensive Update on Male Infertility Volume II - Conclusion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:333-340. [PMID: 36472831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a globally under-recognized public health problem significantly impacting individual health and socioeconomics affecting millions of couples. The reasons for infertility are manifold and not only include many couples decision to postpone having children but also diseases (e.g., diabetes, infections, or varicocele), lifestyle (e.g., obesity), and environmental factors (e.g., bisphenol A, DTT or dioxin). In the pathology of many causes of infertility, oxidative stress plays a significant role as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert significant detrimental effects. On the other hand, a small amount of ROS is essential to trigger physiological events such as capacitation. Therefore, a fine balance between oxidation and reduction has to be maintained. Apart from treating the underlying disease or correcting the cause of the infertility, oxidative stress can be treated by antioxidant supplementation. Since plants and their extracts contain numerous phytochemicals which exhibit antioxidant activity, many people tend to use herbal products. Alternatively, isolated antioxidants such as vitamin C or E are also used. However, when using purified antioxidants, it is essential that the redox balance is maintained to avoid a "reductive stress" situation, which is as harmful as oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa. .,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,LogixX Pharma, Theale, Reading, UK.
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10
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Dutta S, Sengupta P, Chakravarthi S. Oxidant-Sensitive Inflammatory Pathways and Male Reproductive Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:165-180. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Gu X, Li SY, Matsuyama S, DeFalco T. Immune Cells as Critical Regulators of Steroidogenesis in the Testis and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:894437. [PMID: 35573990 PMCID: PMC9096076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.894437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is an essential biological process for embryonic development, reproduction, and adult health. While specific glandular cells, such as Leydig cells in the testis, are traditionally known to be the principal players in steroid hormone production, there are other cell types that contribute to the process of steroidogenesis. In particular, immune cells are often an important component of the cellular niche that is required for the production of steroid hormones. For several decades, studies have reported that testicular macrophages and Leydig cells are intimately associated and exhibit a dependency on the other cell type for their proper development; however, the mechanisms that underlie the functional relationship between macrophages and Leydig cells are unclear. Beyond the testis, in certain instances immune cells themselves, such as certain types of lymphocytes, are capable of steroid hormone production, thus highlighting the complexity and diversity that underlie steroidogenesis. In this review we will describe how immune cells are critical regulators of steroidogenesis in the testis and in extra-glandular locations, as well as discuss how this area of research offers opportunities to uncover new insights into steroid hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Satoko Matsuyama
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Tony DeFalco,
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12
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Shen P, Ji S, Li X, Yang Q, Xu B, Wong CKC, Wang L, Li L. LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation Caused mPOA-FSH/LH Disturbance and Impaired Testicular Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886085. [PMID: 35813649 PMCID: PMC9259990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function is key to the continuation of species and is under sophisticated regulation, challenged by various stressors including inflammation. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection-induced acute systemic inflammation, male fecundity was compromised with decreased testosterone level, damaged spermatogenesis, and downregulations of testicular gene expression levels involved in steroidogenesis regulation and blood-testis barrier. It is also noteworthy that the testis is more sensitive to acute stress caused by LPS-induced systemic inflammation. LPS treatment resulted in lower testicular gene expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1 after LPS treatment, while no such decrease was found in the adrenal gland. In parallel to the significant decreases in testicular intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tight junction protein 1, and gap junction alpha-1 protein gene expression with LPS treatment, no decrease was found in the epididymis. In the brain, LPS treatment caused higher medial preoptic area (mPOA) activation in the hypothalamus, which is accompanied by elevated blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, suggesting a disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis function. Besides mPOA, brain c-fos mapping and quantitative analysis demonstrated a broad activation of brain nuclei by LPS, including the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral septum, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, basolateral amygdala, ventral tegmental area, lateral habenular nucleus, locus coeruleus, Barrington's nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract, accompanied by abnormal animal behavior. Our data showed that LPS-induced inflammation caused not only local testicular damage but also a systemic disturbance at the brain-testis axis level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Shen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Ji
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xulin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingning Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingxian Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
| | - Lei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
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Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Altered Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury and Construction of Underlying Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Mechanism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6831770. [PMID: 34722769 PMCID: PMC8553468 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6831770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal syndrome frequently induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from the bacterial cell wall. LPS could also trigger autophagy of lung bronchial epithelial cell to relieve the inflammation, while the overwhelming LPS would impair the balance of autophagy consequently inducing serious lung injury. Methods We observed the autophagy variation of 16HBE, human bronchial epithelial cell, under exposure to different concentrations of LPS through western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy. Eight strands of 16HBE were divided into two groups upon 1000 ng/ml LPS stimulation or not, which were sent to be sequenced at whole transcriptome. Subsequently, we analyzed the sequencing data in functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate gene selection and constructed a hsa-miR-663b-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results We set a series of concentrations of LPS to stimulate 16HBE and observed the variation of autophagy in related protein expression and autophagosome count. We found that the effective concentration of LPS was 1000 ng/ml at 12 hours of exposure and sequenced the 1000 ng/ml LPS-stimulated 16HBE. As a result, a total of 750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 449 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 76 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), and 127 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interaction between DEGs and located 36 genes to comprehend the core discrepancy between LPS-stimulated 16HBE and the negative control group. In combined analysis of differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs), we analyzed all the targeted relationships of ceRNA in DERNAs and figured hsa-miR-663b as a central mediator in the ceRNA network to play when LPS induced the variation of autophagy in 16HBE. Conclusion Our research indicated that the hsa-miR-663b-related ceRNA network may contribute to the key regulatory mechanism in LPS-induced changes of autophagy and ALI.
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Oxidative Stress, Testicular Inflammatory Pathways, and Male Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810043. [PMID: 34576205 PMCID: PMC8471715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is among the core causatives of male infertility. Despite male infertility being a serious global issue, "bits and pieces" of its complex etiopathology still remain missing. During inflammation, levels of proinflammatory mediators in the male reproductive tract are greater than usual. According to epidemiological research, in numerous cases of male infertility, patients suffer from acute or chronic inflammation of the genitourinary tract which typically occurs without symptoms. Inflammatory responses in the male genital system are inextricably linked to oxidative stress (OS). OS is detrimental to male fertility parameters as it causes oxidative damage to reproductive cells and intracellular components. Multifarious male infertility causative factors pave the way for impairing male reproductive functions via the common mechanisms of OS and inflammation, both of which are interlinked pathophysiological processes, and the occurrence of any one of them induces the other. Both processes may be simultaneously found in the pathogenesis of male infertility. Thus, the present article aims to explain the role of inflammation and OS in male infertility in detail, as well as to show the mechanistic pathways that link causative factors of male reproductive tract inflammation, OS induction, and oxidant-sensitive cellular cascades leading to male infertility.
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Di Emidio G, Falone S, Artini PG, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM, Tatone C. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071047. [PMID: 34209765 PMCID: PMC8300669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria act as hubs of numerous metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to altering the redox balance and predispose to aging and metabolic alterations. The sirtuin family is composed of seven members and three of them, SIRT3-5, are housed in mitochondria. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation and the ADP-ribosylation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and activities of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism and stress responses. In this context, mitochondrial sirtuins (mtSIRTs) act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to protect from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the role of mtSIRTs in the biological competence of reproductive cells, organs, and embryos. Most studies are focused on SIRT3 in female reproduction, providing evidence that SIRT3 improves the competence of oocytes in humans and animal models. Moreover, SIRT3 protects oocytes, early embryos, and ovaries against stress conditions. The relationship between derangement of SIRT3 signaling and the imbalance of ROS and antioxidant defenses in testes has also been demonstrated. Very little is known about SIRT4 and SIRT5 functions in the reproductive system. The final goal of this work is to understand whether sirtuin-based signaling may be taken into account as potential targets for therapeutic applications in female and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-862-433-441
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology “P. Fioretti”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
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Responses of testosterone hormone and important inflammatory cytokines in bucks after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica A2 and its LPS endotoxin. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:242. [PMID: 33811523 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Mannheimia haemolytica A2 is the principal microorganism causing pneumonic mannheimiosis, a major bacterial respiratory disease among sheep and goats. The effect of this bacteria on the respiratory system is well-established. However, its effect on the reproductive physiology remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the alterations in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and testosterone hormone post-inoculation with M. haemolytica serotype A2 and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin which were hypothesized to affect the reproductive functions of bucks. Twelve clinically healthy adult male goats were divided equally into three groups. Goats in group 1 were treated with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.0 intranasally (negative control), group 2 with 2 ml of 109 colony-forming unit (CFU) of M. haemolytica serotype A2 intranasally (positive control), and group 3 were treated with 2 ml of lipopolysaccharide extracted from 109 CFU of M. haemolytica serotype A2 intravenously. Following inoculation, blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture into plain tubes at pre-determined intervals for serum collection to determine the concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and testosterone hormone by using commercial ELISA test kits. Results from this study demonstrated that the inoculation of M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS increases the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines but decreases the concentration of testosterone hormone in challenged animals at most time points throughout the 56 days experimental period (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS could alter the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and testosterone hormone, which in turn, may negatively affect the reproductive functions of bucks.
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17
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Deng SL, Zhang BL, Reiter RJ, Liu YX. Melatonin Ameliorates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Suppressing the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced Sheep Orchitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121277. [PMID: 33327643 PMCID: PMC7765110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infections of the testis can lead to infectious orchitis, which negatively influences steroid hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, acts via toll like receptors 4 (TLR4) to trigger innate immune responses and activate nuclear factor kappa B signaling. The protective mechanisms of melatonin on LPS-induced infectious orchitis have not been reported. Herein, we developed an LPS-induced sheep infectious orchitis model. In this model, the phagocytic activity of testicular macrophages (TM) was enhanced after melatonin treatment. Moreover, we found that melatonin suppressed secretion of TM pro-inflammatory factors by suppressing the p38MAPK pathway and promoting Leydig cell testosterone secretion. Expressions of GTP cyclohydrolase-I and NADPH oxidase-2 were reduced by melatonin while heme oxygenase-1 expression was up-regulated. Thus, melatonin reduced the severity of LPS-induced orchitis by stimulating antioxidant activity. The results of this study provide a reference for the treatment of acute infectious orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Long Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Bao-Lu Zhang
- Marine Consulting Center of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (Y.-X.L.); Tel.: +35-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +86-010-84097698 (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (Y.-X.L.); Tel.: +35-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +86-010-84097698 (Y.-X.L.)
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Abarikwu SO, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Onuah CL. The protective effect of rutin against busulfan-induced testicular damage in adult rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1035-1043. [PMID: 32757678 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we studied the protective effect of rutin (RUT) against testicular damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with BUS (4 mg/kg body weight at day 7 and 14), and then treated with RUT (30 mg/kg body weight) by gavage thrice weekly for 60 days. The results showed that BUS-induced increase in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by RUT, whereas 17β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone concentration remained unaffected (p > 0.05). It was also observed that RUT inhibited BUS-induced increase in nitrite concentrations and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities in the plasma and testes (p < 0.05). Similarly, BUS-induced decrease in glutathione and increase in malondialdehyde concentrations in the testes were significantly normalized to control values by RUT. Finally, RUT administration showed some tendency to improve the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat's testes after BUS treatment. Overall, RUT inhibited BUS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the testis of an experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Chigozie L Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Bryan ER, Kim J, Beagley KW, Carey AJ. Testicular inflammation and infertility: Could chlamydial infections be contributing? Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13286. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Bryan
- School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Jay Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Alison J. Carey
- School of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
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Interleukin-18 levels and mouse Leydig cell apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammatory conditions. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 141:103167. [PMID: 32629316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is an inflammasome-mediated cytokine produced by germ cells, Leydig cells, and resident macrophages that is indispensable in the maintenance of homeostasis in the testis. We previously demonstrated that endogenous IL-18 induces testicular germ cell apoptosis during acute inflammation when plasma IL-18 levels are very high. However, the impact of acute inflammation and IL-18 on Leydig cells remained unclear. TM3 cells, a mouse Leydig cell line, and RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18). We assessed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, caspase cleavage, and markers of apoptotic pathways. In Leydig cells, caspase 3 cleavage was increased and death-receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways were activated after LPS stimulation. However, LPS stimulation did not increase IL-18 expression in the Leydig cell line. When high-dose rIL-18 was administered to the Leydig cell line to mimic levels seem after inflammation, rIL-18 upregulated Tnf-α mRNA, Fadd mRNA, and Fas protein, promoted cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, and induced apoptosis. Low-dose rIL-18 did not stimulate apoptosis. To determine if the high level of IL-18 seen in the testes after inflammation was derived from immune cells, we examined IL-18 protein expression in a macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. In contrast to the TM3 cells, IL-18 was significantly increased in RAW264.7 cells after LPS stimulation. These results suggest that high-dose IL-18 derived from macrophages is harmful to Leydig cells. Reducing the overexpression of IL-18 could be a new therapeutic approach to prevent Leydig cell apoptosis as a result of acute inflammation.
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Li Z, Yu Y, Li Y, Ma F, Fang Y, Ni C, Wu K, Pan P, Ge RS. Taxifolin attenuates the developmental testicular toxicity induced by di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111482. [PMID: 32525071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used in consumer products as a plasticizer. Here, we report a natural product taxifolin that can attenuate developmental and reproductive toxicity of DBP. Pregnant rats were daily gavaged with 500 mg/kg DBP alone or together with taxifolin (10 and 20 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 12-21. At GD21, sera and testes of male fetus were collected. DBP significantly lowered serum testosterone level at 500 mg/kg and taxifolin can completely reverse its action. DBP caused abnormal aggregation of fetal Leydig cells and taxifolin can reverse it. DBP down-regulated the expression of the genes of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (Cyp11a1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (Hsd17b3), and insulin-like 3 (Insl3) and taxifolin can reverse its action. DBP increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression and taxifolin can reverse it. DBP increased incidence of multinucleated gonocytes and taxifolin can prevent it. Moreover, DBP lowered sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) signalling and taxifolin antagonized DBP. In conclusion, in utero exposure to DBP caused developmental/reproductive toxicity of male offspring via increasing reactive oxygen species and taxifolin is an effective food component that completely reverses DBP-mediated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Yuan K, Su Z, Ge F, Ge RS, Huang Y. Epidermal growth factor regulates the development of stem and progenitor Leydig cells in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7313-7330. [PMID: 32441057 PMCID: PMC7339176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has many physiological roles. However, its effects on stem and progenitor Leydig cell development remain unclear. Rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells were cultured with different concentrations of EGF alone or in combination with EGF antagonist, erlotinib or cetuximab. EGF (1 and 10 ng/mL) stimulated the proliferation of stem Leydig cells on the surface of seminiferous tubules and isolated CD90+ stem Leydig cells and progenitor Leydig cells but it blocked their differentiation. EGF also exerted anti‐apoptotic effects of progenitor Leydig cells. Erlotinib and cetuximab are able to reverse EGF‐mediated action. Gene microarray and qPCR of EGF‐treated progenitor Leydig cells revealed that the down‐regulation of steroidogenesis‐related proteins (Star and Hsd3b1) and antioxidative genes. It was found that EGF acted as a proliferative agent via increasing phosphorylation of AKT1. In conclusion, EGF stimulates the proliferation of rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells but blocks their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 for Metabolic Health: Review of the Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040892. [PMID: 32218248 PMCID: PMC7230722 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated metabolic health comorbidities has resulted in an urgent need for safe and efficient nutritional solutions. The research linking obesity with gut microbiota dysbiosis has led to a hypothesis that certain bacterial strains could serve as probiotics helping in weight management and metabolic health. In the search for such strains, the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420) on gut microbiota and metabolic health, and the mechanisms of actions, has been investigated in a variety of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to highlight the research on B420 related to obesity, metabolic health, and the microbiota. Current research supports the hypothesis that gut dysbiosis leads to an imbalance in the inflammatory processes and loss of epithelial integrity. Bacterial components, like endotoxins, that leak out of the gut can invoke low-grade, chronic, and systemic inflammation. This imbalanced state is often referred to as metabolic endotoxemia. Scientific evidence indicates that B420 can slow down many of these detrimental processes via multiple signaling pathways, as supported by mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the connection of these mechanisms to clinical evidence on the effect of B420 in controlling weight gain in overweight and obese subjects. The research further indicates that B420 may improve the epithelial integrity by rebalancing a dysbiotic state induced by an obesogenic diet, for example by increasing the prevalence of lean phenotype microbes such as Akkermansia muciniphila. We further discuss, in the context of delivering the health benefits of B420: the safety and technological aspects of the strain including genomic characterization, antibiotic resistance profiling, stability in the product, and survival of the live probiotic in the intestine. In summary, we conclude that the clinical and preclinical studies on metabolic health suggest that B420 may be a potential candidate in combating obesity; however, further clinical studies are needed.
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Wang G, Cheng S, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Xiao Y, Ju L. LPS impairs steroidogenesis and ROS metabolism and induces PPAR transcriptional activity to disturb estrogen/androgen receptor expression in testicular cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1045-1056. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Slezak JK, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Male Testosterone Does Not Adapt to the Partner's Menstrual Cycle. J Sex Med 2019; 15:1103-1110. [PMID: 30078462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not yet been established whether men in heterosexual relationships adapt their hormone levels to their female partner's menstrual cycle to allocate reproductive resources to the period when the female is actually fertile. AIM This prospective observational study tested the hypothesis that some males have peaks in testosterone or acne (a possible biomarker for androgen activity) near their partners' ovulation, whereas other males display the opposite pattern. METHODS 48 couples supplied menstrual cycle data, male salivary samples, and a protocol of daily activities for 120 days. Daily saliva samples were analyzed for testosterone concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main hypothesis was tested by analyzing whether each individual male's testosterone/acne response to ovulation (either an increase or a decrease in comparison to the individual's average levels) was stable over time. To do this, we analyzed the Spearman correlation between individually normalized periovulatory testosterone and acne during the first half of the study versus the second half of the study. OUTCOMES Correlation between each male individual's periovulatory testosterone and acne patterns during the first half of the study versus the second half of the study. RESULTS No predictability in the male individuals' testosterone (Spearman's rho = -0.018, P = .905) or acne (Spearman's rho = -0.036, P = .862) levels during ovulation was found. CLINICAL TRANSLATION The study being "negative," there is no obvious translational potential in the results. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The main strength of this study lies in the excellent compliance of the study participants and the large number of sampling timepoints over several menstrual cycles, thereby allowing each male individual to be his own control subject. A limitation is that samples were only obtained in the morning; however, including later timepoints would have introduced a number of confounders and would also have hampered the study's feasibility. CONCLUSIONS The current results strongly indicate that male morning testosterone levels neither increase nor decrease in response to the partner's ovulation. This discordance to previous laboratory studies could indicate either that (i) the phenomenon of hormonal adaptation of men to women does not exist and earlier experimental studies should be questioned, (ii) that the phenomenon is short-lived/acute and wanes if the exposure is sustained, or (iii) that the male testosterone response may be directed toward other women than the partner. Ström JO, Ingberg E, Slezak JK, et al. Male Testosterone Does Not Adapt to the Partner's Menstrual Cycle. J Sex Med 2018;15:1103-1110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, Örebro, Sweden; Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Edvin Ingberg
- Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Julia K Slezak
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annette Theodorsson
- Linköping University, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
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E Q, Wang C, Gu X, Gan X, Zhang X, Wang S, Ma J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Su L. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA during the process of the nickel-induced steroidogenesis disturbance in rat Leydig cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104721. [PMID: 31734292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which can disrupt the production of steroid in rat Leydig cells. Steroidogenesis can be affected by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which operate in normal physiological processes. To date, however, very few studies have focused on whether ncRNAs are involved in Ni-induced steroidogenesis disturbance. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of NiSO4 on the regulation of RNA networks including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA in rat Leydig cells. After treatment with 1000 μmol/L NiSO4 for 24 h, 372 lncRNAs, 27 miRNAs (fold change>2, p < .05) and 3666 mRNAs (fold change>2, p < .01, and FDR < 0.01) were identified to be markedly altered by high-throughput sequencing analysis in rat Leydig cells. Functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were annotated into some steroid-related pathways. A dysregulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA was constructed based on bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, a ceRNA network related to steroidogenesis was selected to analyze further and after the validation by qRT-PCR. The LOC102549726/miR-760-3p/Atf6, LOC102549726/miR-760-3p/Ets1, LOC102549726/miR-760-3p/Sik1 and AABR07037489.1/miR-708-5p/MAPK14 ceRNA networks were eventually confirmed. Collectively, our study provided a systematic perspective on the potential role of ncRNAs in steroidogenesis disturbance induced by Ni in rat Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan E
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueyan Gu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Su X, Lin D, Luo D, Sun M, Wang X, Ye J, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yu C, Guan Q. Cyclophilin D participates in the inhibitory effect of high-fat diet on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6859-6871. [PMID: 31373170 PMCID: PMC6787510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is responsible for the testosterone deficiency (TD). However, the mechanism remains unknown. Mitochondrial homeostasis is proved to be important for maintaining the function of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the first rate-limiting enzyme in testosterone synthesis. As the key regulator of mitochondrial membrane permeability, cyclophilin D (CypD) plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial function. In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of CypD in the expression of StAR affected by HFD. METHODS To analyse the influence of CypD on StAR in vivo and in vitro, mouse models of HFD, CypD overexpression and CypD knockout (Ppif-/- ) as well as Leydig cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) and CypD overexpression plasmids were examined with an array of metabolic, mitochondrial function and molecular assays. RESULTS Compared with the normal diet mice, consistent with reduced testosterone in testes, the expressions of StAR in both mRNA and protein levels in HFD mice were down-regulated, while expressions of CypD were up-regulated. High-fat intake impaired mitochondrial function with the decrease in StAR in Leydig cells. Overexpression of CypD inhibited StAR expressions in vivo and in vitro. Compared with C57BL/6 mice with HFD, expressions of StAR were improved in Ppif-/- mice with HFD. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial CypD involved in the inhibitory effect of HFD on StAR expression in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- General PracticeJinan City People's HospitalJinanChina
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesGraduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingqi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic DiseasesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jifeng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Second People's Hospital of LiaochengLiaochengChina
| | - Meijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic DiseasesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDongying People's HospitalDongyingChina
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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Wang L, Lu M, Zhang R, Guo W, Lin P, Yang D, Chen H, Tang K, Zhou D, Wang A, Jin Y. Inhibition of Luman/CREB3 expression leads to the upregulation of testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15257-15269. [PMID: 30673139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Luman, also known as cAMP-response element-binding protein 3, is an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein that has been identified as a novel transcriptional coregulator of a variety of nuclear receptors. Herein, immunohistochemistry results showed that Luman was specifically expressed in mouse Leydig cells in an age-dependent increase manner, from prepuberty to sexual maturation. Luman was not detected in Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules at any developmental period. The immunofluorescent experiment indicated that Luman was mainly located within the cytoplasm of murine Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1) and primary Leydig cells (PLCs). To investigate the physiological function of Luman, experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of short hairpin RNA- and small interfering RNA-mediated Luman knock-down in MLTC-1 and PLCs, respectively. Luman knock-down significantly upregulated the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17-α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase in MLTC-1 cells and PLCs. Luman knock-down caused an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production in vitro and in vivo. The nuclear receptors SF-1 and Nur-77 were significantly increased upon Luman knock-down in MLTC-1. By contrast, the level of the nuclear receptor SHP decreased. Luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that Luman knock-down upregulated the activity of SF-1 and Nur-77 promoters. These data suggested that Luman expressed in mouse Leydig cells in an age-dependent increase manner. Luman knock-down upregulated the activity of SF-1 and Nur-77 promoters, which lead to the increase of testosterone synthesis and steroidogenesis genes expression. In conclusion, these findings provide us with new insights into the role Luman played in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minjie Lu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Diqi Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Wang Y, Ge F, Li X, Ni C, Wu K, Zheng W, Chen Y, Lian Q, Ge RS. Propofol Inhibits Androgen Production in Rat Immature Leydig Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:760. [PMID: 31333471 PMCID: PMC6624235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic. Whether propofol inhibits androgen production by rat Leydig cells and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of propofol exposure to rat primary immature Leydig cells and to define propofol-induced inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes in both rat and human testes in vitro. Methods: Immature Leydig cells were purified from 35-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats and were exposed to propofol for 3 h. The androgen production by Leydig cells under basal, luteinizing hormone, 8bromo-cAMP, and steroid-substrate stimulated conditions and gene expression of Leydig cells after exposure to propofol were measured. Immature Leydig cells were treated with propofol for 3 h and switched to propofol-free medium for additional 3 and 9 h to test whether propofol-induced inhibition is reversible. 3H-Steroids were used to evaluate the direct action of propofol on cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (HSD17B3) activities in rat and human testes in vitro. Results: Propofol significantly lowered luteinizing hormone and 8bromo-cAMP stimulated androgen production by Leydig cells after 3-h exposure. Further investigation showed that propofol down-regulated the expression of Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 and their proteins at 5 and 50 µM, although it up-regulated Lhcgr expression at 50 µM. Propofol significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced ROS production in immature Leydig cells at 5 and 50 µM. Propofol significantly induced apoptosis of immature Leydig cells at 50 µM. Propofol specifically inhibited rat and human testis HSD3B activities in vitro. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of propofol for rat and human HSD3B enzymes were 1.011 ± 0.065 and 3.498 ± 0.067 µM, respectively. The mode of action of propofol of inhibiting HSD3B was competitive when pregnenolone was added. At 50 µM, propofol did not directly inhibit rat and human testis CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and HSD17B3 activities in vitro. Conclusion: Propofol inhibits androgen production via both directly inhibiting HSD3B activity and down-regulating Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 expression in Leydig cells. Suppression of steroidogenic enzymes is presumably associated with the lower production of androgen by Leydig cells after propofol treatment. However, propofol-induced inhibition on androgen production is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keyang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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30
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Li MY, Zhu XL, Zhao BX, Shi L, Wang W, Hu W, Qin SL, Chen BH, Zhou PH, Qiu B, Gao Y, Liu BL. Adrenomedullin alleviates the pyroptosis of Leydig cells by promoting autophagy via the ROS-AMPK-mTOR axis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:489. [PMID: 31222000 PMCID: PMC6586845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in Leydig cells. However, the role and mechanism of ADM in the pyroptosis of Leydig cells are poorly understood. This study first showed the protective effects of ADM on the pyroptosis and biological functions of Leydig cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by promoting autophagy. Primary rat Leydig cells were treated with various concentrations of LPS and ADM, together with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Cell proliferation was detected through CCK-8 and BrdU incorporation assays, and ROS level was measured with the DCFDA assay. Real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL and flow cytometry were performed to examine ADM's effect on the pyroptosis, autophagy and steroidogenic enzymes of Leydig cells and AMPK/mTOR signalling. Like NAC, ADM dose-dependently reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity and ROS overproduction. ADM also dose-dependently ameliorated LPS-induced pyroptosis by reversing the increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD, caspase-3, caspase-7, TUNEL-positive and PI and active caspase-1 double-stained positive rate, DNA fragmentation and LDH concentration, which could be rescued via co-incubation with 3-MA. ADM dose-dependently increased autophagy in LPS-induced Leydig cells, as confirmed by the increased expression of LC3-I/II, Beclin-1 and ATG-5; decreased expression of p62 and autophagosomes formation; and increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. However, co-treatment with 3-MA evidently decreased autophagy. Furthermore, ADM dose-dependently rescued the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD and CYP17, and testosterone production in LPS-induced Leydig cells. Like rapamycin, ADM dose-dependently enhanced AMPK phosphorylation but reduced mTOR phosphorylation in LPS-induced Leydig cells, which could be rescued via co-incubation with 3-MA. In addition, pyroptosis was further decreased, and autophagy was further promoted in LPS-induced Leydig cells upon co-treatment with ADM and rapamycin. ADM may protect the steroidogenic functions of Leydig cells against pyroptosis by activating autophagy via the ROS-AMPK-mTOR axis.
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Grants
- Hunan Natural Science Foundation, Hunan, China (Grant No.: 2019JJ40269), Health and Family Planning Research Project of Hunan Province, Changsha, China (Grant No.: B2017051)
- National Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China (Grant No.: 81401190)
- Social Development Foundation of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, China (Grant No.: SH2016031)
- National Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China (Grant No.: 81501921),Science and Technology Project of Wuhan, China (Grant No.: 2016060101010045)
- National Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China (Grant No.: 81602241)
- National Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China (Grant Nos.: 81471449,81871110 and 81671449),Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation, Guangzhou, China (Grant No.: 2015A030313141), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Project, Guangzhou, China (Grant Nos.: 2016B030230001 and 2016A040403113), Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, China (Grant No.: 201604020189)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69 Chuan Shan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia-Lian Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, No. 336 Dong Feng South Road, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bi-Xia Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, No. 336 Dong Feng South Road, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Liberation Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69 Chuan Shan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Song-Lin Qin
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69 Chuan Shan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Bing-Hai Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Liberation Road, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pang-Hu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Liberation Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Liberation Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo-Long Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69 Chuan Shan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
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Naas H, de Oliveira AA, Karpova T, Nunes KP. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a possible pathological mechanism in hyperglycemia-associated testicular dysfunction. Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:116-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Prasad GVRK, Dhar V, Mukhopadhaya A. Vibrio cholerae OmpU Mediates CD36-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Triggering an Additional Pathway of MAPK Activation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2431-2450. [PMID: 30867241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OmpU, one of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, induces TLR1/2-MyD88-NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and macrophages of human and mouse origin. In this study, we report that in both the cell types, OmpU-induced proinflammatory responses involve activation of MAPKs (p38 and JNK). Interestingly, we observed that in OmpU-treated macrophages, p38 activation is TLR2 dependent, but JNK activation happens through a separate pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ROS. Further, we observed that OmpU-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation probably depends on OmpU translocation to mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production is due to activation of scavenger receptor CD36. For the first time, to our knowledge, we are reporting that a Gram-negative bacterial protein can activate CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor. Additionally, we found that in OmpU-treated monocytes, both JNK and p38 activation is linked to the TLR2 activation only. Therefore, the ability of macrophages to employ multiple receptors such as TLR2 and CD36 to recognize a single ligand, as in this case OmpU, probably explains the very basic nature of macrophages being more proinflammatory than monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V R Krishna Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Vinica Dhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
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33
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Long KLP, Bailey AM, Greives TJ, Legan SJ, Demas GE. Endotoxin rapidly desensitizes the gonads to kisspeptin-induced luteinizing hormone release in male Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.185504. [PMID: 30297514 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the immune system induces rapid reductions in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity, which in turn decreases secretion of sex steroids. This response is likely adaptive for survival by temporarily inhibiting reproduction to conserve energy; however, the physiological mechanisms controlling this response remain unclear. The neuropeptide kisspeptin is a candidate to mediate the decrease in sex hormones seen during sickness through its key regulation of the HPG axis. In this study, the effects of acute immune activation on the response to kisspeptin were assessed in male Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Specifically, an immune response was induced in animals by a single treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and reproductive hormone concentrations were determined in response to subsequent injections of exogenous kisspeptin. Saline-treated controls showed a robust increase in circulating testosterone in response to kisspeptin; however, this response was blocked in LPS-treated animals. Circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were elevated in response to kisspeptin in both LPS- and saline-treated groups and, thus, were unaffected by LPS treatment, suggesting gonad-level inhibition of testosterone release despite central HPG activation. In addition, blockade of glucocorticoid receptors by mifepristone did not attenuate the LPS-induced inhibition of testosterone release, suggesting that circulating glucocorticoids do not mediate this phenomenon. Collectively, these findings reveal that acute endotoxin exposure rapidly renders the gonads less sensitive to HPG stimulation, thus effectively inhibiting sex hormone release. More broadly, these results shed light on the effects of immune activation on the HPG axis and help elucidate the mechanisms controlling energy allocation and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L P Long
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Allison M Bailey
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Timothy J Greives
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 201 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Sandra J Legan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, MS601 Medical Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Palladino MA, Fasano GA, Patel D, Dugan C, London M. Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation on hypoxia and inflammatory gene expression pathways of the rat testis. Basic Clin Androl 2018; 28:14. [PMID: 30473791 PMCID: PMC6238406 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-018-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infection and inflammation of the testis impairs fertility, yet an understanding of inflammatory responses of the testis is incomplete. We are interested in identifying gene pathways involved in the detection and clearance of infectious microbes in the male reproductive tract. In previous studies in our lab focused on hypoxia-responsive genes of the testis, preliminary experiments suggested that genes classically categorized as hypoxia genes are also activated during antimicrobial responses. The purpose of this study was to identify hypoxia and inflammatory gene pathways that contribute to antimicrobial protection of the testis and to consider possible cross-talk and interactions between these pathways. Inflammation was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using P. aeruginosa or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) protein and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured, and hypoxia and inflammatory gene expression patterns in testis were analyzed by gene expression profiling using real-time quantitative PCR arrays. Results In LPS-treated rats, HIF-1α protein increased with no change in Hif-1α mRNA. Western Blot analysis also demonstrated no change in NF-κB and inhibitory NFKB alpha (IκBα) protein levels following LPS treatment. Five hypoxia pathway genes (Angptl4, Egr1, Ier3, Pai1, and Glut1), and 11 inflammatory pathway genes (Ccl12, Cc13, Cd14, Cxcl10, Icam1, Il10, Il1b, Il6, Nfkbia, Tlr2, Tnf) up-regulated after 3 h of inflammation. Angptl4, Ccl12, Cc13, Cd14, Egr1, Nfkbia, Tlr2, and Tnf remained elevated at 6 h. Six genes were up-regulated at 6 h only (Bhlhe40, C3, Jak2, Nlrp3, Slc11a1, Tlr1). One gene (Tlr5) was down-regulated after 3 h and no genes at 6 h. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay results suggest a decrease in NF-κB binding activity following LPS treatment. Conclusions Testicular HIF-1α is up-regulated following LPS-induced inflammation. In contrast to other tissues, in which HIF-1α is up-regulated through transcriptional activation via NF-κB, we conclude that HIF-1α in the testis is not up-regulated through an increase in Hif-1α mRNA or through NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Hypoxia pathway genes and genes involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and cytokine-mediated signaling comprise major functional categories of up-regulated genes, demonstrating that both hypoxia and classic inflammatory pathways are involved in inflammatory responses of the testis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12610-018-0079-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dharm Patel
- Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA
| | - Christine Dugan
- Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA
| | - Marie London
- Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA
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Wang F, Liu W, Jiang Q, Gong M, Chen R, Wu H, Han R, Chen Y, Han D. Lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular dysfunction and epididymitis in mice: a critical role of tumor necrosis factor alpha†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:849-861. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Institute of Epigenetics & Epigenomics, College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Dong Y, Tian E, Xie L, Wang G, Li X, Chen X, Chen Y, Lv Y, Ni C, Fang Y, Zhong Y, Ge RS. 4-Bromodiphenyl ether delays pubertal Leydig cell development in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:986-997. [PMID: 30119030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are a class of brominated flame retardants that are potential endocrine disruptors. 4-Bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) is the most abundant photodegradation product of higher polybrominated diphenyl ethers. However, whether BDE-3 affects Leydig cell development during puberty is still unknown. The objective of this study was to explore effects of BDE-3 on the pubertal development of rat Leydig cells. Male Sprague Dawley rats (35 days of age) were gavaged daily with BDE-3 (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 21 days. BDE-3 decreased serum testosterone levels (1.099 ± 0.412 ng/ml at a dose of 200 mg/kg BDE-3 when compared to the control level (2.402 ± 0.184 ng/ml, mean ± S.E.). BDE-3 decreased Leydig cell size and cytoplasmic size at a dose of 200 mg/kg, decreased Lhcgr, Star, Dhh, and Sox9 mRNA levels at ≥ 100 mg/kg and Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b3, and Fshr at 200 mg/kg. BED-3 also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, and AMPK at 100 or 200 mg/kg. BDE-3 in vitro induced ROS generation, inhibited androgen production, down-regulated Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Srd5a1, and Akr1c14 expression in immature Leydig cells after 24-h treatment. In conclusion, the current study indicates that BDE-3 disrupts Leydig cell development via suppressing AKT, ERK1/2, and AMPK phosphorylation and inducing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Erpo Tian
- Jinjiang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Lubin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yinghui Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Jinjiang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Wang J, Wang W, Li S, Han Y, Zhang P, Meng G, Xiao Y, Xie L, Wang X, Sha J, Chen Q, Moore PK, Wang R, Xiang W, Ji Y. Hydrogen Sulfide As a Potential Target in Preventing Spermatogenic Failure and Testicular Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1447-1462. [PMID: 28537489 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Testis and sperm are particularly susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been considered an important biological signaling molecule in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, its role in the male reproductive system was poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of H2S in the regulation of male reproductive system. RESULTS We found that both subfertile and infertile patients, especially asthenospermic patients, exhibited decreased concentration of H2S in their seminal plasma and diminished expression of H2S-generating enzyme (cystathionine β-synthase [CBS]) in sperm. Supplying exogenous H2S to semen improved sperm motility of these asthenospermic patients. Furthermore, decreased sperm motility was observed in animal models with a defective in H2S generation such as lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, diabetic mice, and CBS-deficient mice. Our research showed that stress-induced reductions of endogenous H2S production and CBS expression are correlated with impaired spermatogenesis and a defective blood-testis barrier. Supplying exogenous H2S or overexpressing CBS could relieve the spermatogenic failure. This occurred primarily through the combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. INNOVATION These results provide the first indication that H2S is important for maintaining male fertility and protecting testicular function. CONCLUSION H2S plays an important role in spermatogenic failure and testicular dysfunction mainly by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1447-1462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- 3 Department of Gynaecology, The First Public Hospital of Zhangjiagang , Zhangjiagang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Xiao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Xie
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- 4 Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahao Sha
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip K Moore
- 5 Neurobiology Program, Life Science Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Wang
- 6 Department of Biology Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- 7 Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ji
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Repurposing sex steroids and related drugs as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 147:37-54. [PMID: 29649433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which a greater prevalence and incidence is described in men. This suggests a protective effect of sex hormones in the brain. Therefore, steroids and drugs to treat endocrine conditions could have additional application for PD. Here, we review the protective effect of sex hormones, particularly estrogens, progesterone, androgens and dehydroepiandrosterone, in animal models of PD and also in human studies. Data also support that drugs affecting estrogen neurotransmission such as selective estrogen receptor modulators or affecting steroid metabolism with 5α-reductase inhibitors could be repositioned for treatment of PD. Sex steroids are also modulator of neurotransmission, thus they could repurposed to treat PD motor symptoms and to modulate the response to PD medication. No drug is yet available to limit PD progression. PD is a complex disease implicating multiple pathological processes and a therapeutic strategy using drugs with several mechanisms of action, such as sex steroids and endocrine drugs are interesting repositioning options for symptomatic treatment and disease-modifying activity for PD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Drug Repurposing: old molecules, new ways to fast track drug discovery and development for CNS disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada.
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Tremellen K, McPhee N, Pearce K, Benson S, Schedlowski M, Engler H. Endotoxin-initiated inflammation reduces testosterone production in men of reproductive age. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E206-E213. [PMID: 29183872 PMCID: PMC5899218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00279.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, both acute and chronic, is associated with testosterone deficiency, raising the possibility of a direct causal link. One potential trigger for inflammation in obese men is the passage of intestinal bacteria into the circulation due to a breakdown in mucosal barrier integrity. Recently, we hypothesized that this endotoxin exposure may cause androgen deficiency in obese men. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationship between serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), an indirect measure of endotoxin exposure, against male reproductive hormones, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and adiposity in 75 men. Adiposity was positively correlated with endotoxin exposure (LBP) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, IL-6) and negatively correlated with testosterone. Furthermore, endotoxemia (LBP) was negatively correlated with serum testosterone but positively correlated with IL-6. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant, negative correlation between serum IL-6 and free testosterone. In a second interventional study, low-dose endotoxin challenge in lean men produced a transient inflammatory response that was followed by a decline in serum testosterone, without changes in LH or FSH, providing further evidence that endotoxin-driven inflammation may result in impaired Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University , Bedford Park, South Australia , Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
- Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie McPhee
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Karma Pearce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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Adrenomedullin protects Leydig cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction via MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16479. [PMID: 29184072 PMCID: PMC5705677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possible benefits of adrenomedullin (ADM) in preventing oxidative stress and inflammation by using an in vitro primary culture model of rat Leydig cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell proliferation was detected through CCK-8 and BrdU incorporation assays. ROS were determined with a DCFDA kit, and cytokine concentrations were measured with ELISA assay kits. Protein production was examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot, and gene expression was observed through RT-qPCR. Results revealed that ADM significantly reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity, and pretreatment with ADM significantly suppressed ROS overproduction and decreased 4-HNE and 8-OHdG expression levels and concentrations. ADM pretreatment also significantly attenuated the overactivation of enzymatic antioxidants, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. ADM supplementation reversed the significantly increased gene expression levels and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and MIF. ADM pretreatment significantly inhibited the gene expression and protein production of TLR-2 and 4. Furthermore, ADM pretreatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK 1/2 and p38, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings demonstrated that ADM protects Leydig cells from LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which might be associated with MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside promotes the biosynthesis of progesterone through the protection of mitochondrial function in Pb-exposed rat leydig cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:427-434. [PMID: 29030260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin that has been reported to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals. In the present study, the protection effects of C3G on the biosynthesis of progesterone, the precursor of testosterone, against lead (Pb) in R2C rat Leydig cells were examined. Treatment of R2C cells with 100 μM Pb resulted in a significant decrease in progesterone production. After being cultured in a medium containing C3G and Pb, R2C cells exhibited an increase in progesterone concentration compared with the Pb treatment, as a result of up-regulation of the expression of the steroidogenic enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and cytochrome P450 enzyme cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1). Pb-induced inhibition of extracellular regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation and down-regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) expression were alleviated by C3G. In addition, Pb-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction led to mitochondrial depolarization, resulting in a decrease in progesterone biosynthesis, while C3G intervention reduced the ROS level and increased progesterone production. In conclusion, C3G may alleviate the Pb-induced decrease of progesterone biosynthesis by modulating the dysfunction of mitochondria, including decreasing oxidative stress and regulating expression of steroidogenic enzyme proteins.
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Koziorowska-Gilun M, Gilun P, Koziorowski M, Kordan W. Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Association with Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in the Reproductive Tract Tissues of Adult Male Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) During the Reproduction Season. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and SOD-1 in testes and epididymis of adult male roe deer during the periods of reproductive season. The mRNA expression levels of investigated factors were examined using RT-PCR, while protein expression levels were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Differences between tissues within this period and between periods were evaluated. Testicular tissue exhibited lower HIF-1α and SOD-1 mRNA expression levels during all periods as compared to epididymal tissues. Among the epididymal tissues, cauda epididymis showed higher HIF-1α mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput and corpus tissues in the pre-rut period, and not much lower SOD-1 mRNA expression levels in comparison with caput in all periods. Protein expression of HIF-1α was higher in the epididymis than in the testicular tissues in the pre-rut and rut periods. Its expression was the highest in caput epididymal tissue compared with either the testicular, corpus and cauda epididymal tissue during rut and higher than corpus and testis in pre- and post-rut periods. Testicular tissue was characterized by lower SOD-1 protein expression levels than in epididymis in pre-rut and rut periods. This study indicates that the reproductive tract of male roe deer possesses a tissue-specific defense system which protects the tissues from oxygen deficiency damage, which is important during cyclic changes occurring in the reproductive tissues during the reproductive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koziorowska-Gilun
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Przemysław Gilun
- Department of Local Physiological Regulations, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research , Polish Academy of Sciences , Bydgoska 7, 10-243 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Branch Campus of the Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Rzeszów , Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa , Poland
| | - Władysław Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn , Poland
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Asadi N, Bahmani M, Kheradmand A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Testicular Function and the Role of Antioxidants in Improving it: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:IE01-IE05. [PMID: 28658802 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23927.9886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor for development of male infertility because of very high rate of cell division and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in testicular tissue as well as comparably higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in this tissue than in other tissues. Moreover, the level of oxygen pressure is low due to the weakness of testicular artery; therefore, there is a severe cell competition for oxygen. Therefore, the testicular tissue and male reproductive system are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. On the other hand, exposure to X-ray, toxins and chemicals found in the environment as well as specific physical conditions such as varicocele can exacerbate the oxidative stress and induce apoptosis of germ cells and subsequently spermatogenesis. However, under normal conditions, the body's capacity to produce antioxidants for inhibiting adverse effects of oxidative stress is affected by metabolic process and genetic structure. Besides that, environmental factors such as diet, pollutants, and chemicals can affect this capacity. Thus, the body's antioxidant system alone is not able to neutralize all free radicals and prevent harmful complications of oxidative stress. Therefore, use of antioxidants and development of antioxidant therapy can break down the oxidative chain reaction and play a very significant role in increasing the body's capacity to fight free radical-induced oxidative stress, and therefore improve the process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Asadi
- Student Research Committee of Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran: Biotechnology laboratory of ASRI, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Bahmani
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Arash Kheradmand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rao F, Tian H, Li W, Hung H, Sun F. Potential role of punicalagin against oxidative stress induced testicular damage. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:627-32. [PMID: 26763544 PMCID: PMC4955191 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.168792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Punicalagin is isolated from pomegranate and widely used for the treatment of different diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Punicalagin (purity ≥98%) on oxidative stress induced testicular damage and its effect on fertility. We detected the antioxidant potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress damage in testes, also tried to uncover the boosting fertility effect of Punicalagin (PU) against oxidative stress-induced infertility. Results demonstrated that 9 mg kg-1 for 7 days treatment significantly decreases LPS induced oxidative damage in testes and nitric oxide production. The administration of oxidative stress resulted in a significant reduction in testes antioxidants GSH, T-SOD, and CAT raised LPO, but treatment with punicalagin for 7 days increased antioxidant defense GSH, T-SOD, and CAT by the end of the experiment and reduced LPO level as well. PU also significantly activates Nrf2, which is involved in regulation of antioxidant defense systems. Hence, the present research categorically elucidates the protective effect of punicalagin against LPS induced oxidative stress induced perturbation in the process of spermatogenesis and significantly increased sperm health and number. Moreover, fertility success significantly decreased in LPS-injected mice compared to controls. Mice injected with LPS had fertility indices of 12.5%, while others treated with a combination of PU + LPS exhibited 75% indices. By promoting fertility and eliminating oxidative stress and inflammation, PU may be a useful nutrient for the treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Rao
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027; Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027; Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027; Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Helong Hung
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027; Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027; Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China
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Ohta Y, Kawate N, Inaba T, Morii H, Takahashi K, Tamada H. Feeding hydroalcoholic extract powder ofLepidium meyenii(maca) enhances testicular gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rats. Andrologia 2017; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ohta
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - N. Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Morii
- Towa Corporation; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | | | - H. Tamada
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
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Ginkgo Biloba Ameliorates Subfertility Induced by Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Adult Wistar Rats: A Possible New Mitochondrial Mechanism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6959274. [PMID: 28101298 PMCID: PMC5215564 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6959274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion, a surgical emergency, could affect the endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. This study demonstrates histopathological and physiological effects of testicular ischemia/perfusion (I/R) injury and the possible protective effects of Ginkgo biloba treatment. Fifty adult male Wistar rats, 180–200 gm, were randomly divided into sham-operated, Gingko biloba supplemented, ischemia only, I/R, and Gingko biloba treated I/R groups. Overnight fasted rats were anaesthetized by Pentobarbital; I/R was performed by left testis 720° rotation in I/R and treated I/R groups. Orchiectomy was performed for histopathological studies and detection of mitochondrial NAD+. Determination of free testosterone, FSH, TNF-α, and IL1-β in plasma was performed. Plasma-free testosterone was significantly decreased, while plasma FSH, TNF-α, IL-1β, and testicular mitochondrial NAD+ were significantly increased in I/R group compared to control group. These parameters were reversed in Gingko biloba treated I/R group compared to I/R group. I/R caused marked testicular damage and increased APAF-1 in the apoptotic cells which were reversed by Ginkgo biloba treatment. It could be concluded that I/R caused subfertility induced by apoptosis and oxidative stress manifested by the elevated testicular mitochondrial NAD+, which is considered a new possible mechanism. Also, testicular injury could be reduced by Gingko biloba administration alone.
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Sun J, Xu W, Zhu C, Hu Y, Jiang X, Ou S, Su Z, Huang Y, Jiao R, Bai W. Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside Protects against 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol-Induced Reduction of Progesterone by Up-regulation of Steroidogenic Enzymes and cAMP Level in Leydig Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:399. [PMID: 27867356 PMCID: PMC5096419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a food processing contaminant and has been shown to perturb male reproductive function. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin antioxidant, is reported to have protective effects on many organs. However, it remains unclear whether C3G protects against chemical-induced reproductive toxicity. The present study was therefore to investigate the intervention of C3G on 1,3-DCP-induced reproductive toxicity in R2C Leydig cells. Results demonstrated that C3G inhibited the 1,3-DCP-induced cytotoxicity and cell shape damage with the effective doses being ranging from 10 to 40 μmol/L. In addition, 1,3-DCP (2 mmol/L) exposure significantly increased the ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential damage ratio, leading to a decrease in progesterone production, while C3G intervention reduced the ROS level, and increased the progesterone production after 24 h treatment. Most importantly, C3G intervention could up-regulate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It was concluded that C3G is effective in reducing 1,3-DCP-induced reproductive toxicity via activating steroidogenic enzymes and cAMP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
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48
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Augmented expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) impairs testicular steroidogenesis by deregulating local oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:467-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Tremellen K. Gut Endotoxin Leading to a Decline IN Gonadal function (GELDING) - a novel theory for the development of late onset hypogonadism in obese men. Basic Clin Androl 2016; 26:7. [PMID: 27340554 PMCID: PMC4918028 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-016-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing public health problem, with two-thirds of the adult population in many Western countries now being either overweight or obese. Male obesity is associated with late onset hypogonadism, a condition characterised by decreased serum testosterone, sperm quality plus diminished fertility and quality of life. In this paper we propose a novel theory underlying the development of obesity related hypogonadism- the GELDING theory (Gut Endotoxin Leading to a Decline IN Gonadal function). Several observational studies have previously reported an association between obesity related hypogonadism (low testosterone) and systemic inflammation. However, for the first time we postulate that the trans-mucosal passage of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut lumen into the circulation is a key inflammatory trigger underlying male hypogonadism. Obesity and a high fat/high calorie diet are both reported to result in changes to gut bacteria and intestinal wall permeability, leading to the passage of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide- LPS) from within the gut lumen into the circulation (metabolic endotoxaemia), where it initiates systemic inflammation. Endotoxin is known to reduce testosterone production by the testis, both by direct inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenic pathways and indirectly by reducing pituitary LH drive, thereby also leading to a decline in sperm production. In this paper we also highlight the novel evolutionary benefits of the GELDING theory. Testosterone is known to be a powerful immune-suppressive, decreasing a man's ability to fight infection. Therefore we postulate that the male reproductive axis has evolved the capacity to lower testosterone production during times of infection and resulting endotoxin exposure, decreasing the immunosuppressive influence of testosterone, in turn enhancing the ability to fight infection. While this response is adaptive in times of sepsis, it becomes maladaptive in the setting of "non-infectious" obesity related metabolic endotoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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50
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Ramatchandirin B, Sadasivam M, Kannan A, Prahalathan C. Sirtuin 4 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide Mediated Leydig Cell Dysfunction. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:904-16. [PMID: 26365714 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the most important contributing factor in pathogenesis of bacterial infection in male accessory glands; and it has shown to inhibit testicular steroidogenesis and induce apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that LPS causes mitochondrial dysfunction via suppression of sirtuin 4 (SIRT4); which in turn affects Leydig cell function by modulating steroidogenesis and apoptosis. LC-540 Leydig cells treated with LPS (10 µg/ml) showed impaired steroidogenesis and increased cellular apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression of SIRT4 were decreased in LPS treated cells when compared to controls. The obtained data suggest that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation suppresses SIRT4 expression in LPS treated Leydig cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of SIRT4 prevented LPS induced impaired steroidogenesis and cellular apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function. These findings provide valuable information that SIRT4 regulates LPS mediated Leydig cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanraj Sadasivam
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Arun Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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