1
|
Regalin D, de Moraes RS, Adorno BA, Comassetto F, da Costa Regalin BD, Gehrcke MI, Vasconcellos RS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Melchert A, Oleskovicz N. High carbohydrate is preferable to high lipid parenteral nutrition in healthy dogs undergoing prolonged sedation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1171-1187. [PMID: 38231371 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with earlier hospital outcome. However, there is scarcity of information about the metabolic effects of PN caloric distribution for dogs. Considering the high tolerance of dogs to lipids and, also, that hospitalized animals usually present insulin resistance, PN formulation with high fat instead high glucose can provide metabolic benefits in this specie. This study evaluated two PN protocols, based on high lipid or high carbohydrate in 12 healthy dogs under sedation/ventilation during 24 h. For baseline data, blood samples were collected 24 h before the study beginning. After fasting, the dogs were anesthetized and put under mechanical ventilation without energy support for 12 h to obtain: daily energy expenditure (DEE), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), lactate, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. After, the dogs were allocated into two groups: lipid-based energy group (LEG) and carbohydrate-based energy group (CEG). Both groups received the PN infusions at a rate of 3 mL/kg/h for 12 h. Blood tests were performed 12, 24, and 48 h after infusion's completion. VO2 increased after PN in LEG, increasing energy expenditure compared to CEG. RQ remained close to 1 in CEG, indicating carbohydrate preferential consumption. Triglycerides increased in both groups after propofol infusion, remaining higher in LEG until the end of the evaluation. Glycaemia increased in CEG compared to baseline. In conclusion, both PN protocols can be used in healthy animals undergoing prolonged sedation protocols. However, high lipid PN had higher VO2 and DEE, and resulted in higher triglycerides concentrations and lower glycaemia indexes than carbohydrate, making high carbohydrate PN preferable to high lipid PN. Therefore, for use in critically ill patients, the data obtained in this study should be extrapolated, taking into consideration the specificity of each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doughlas Regalin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Reiner Silveira de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ataíde Adorno
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Felipe Comassetto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Martielo Ivan Gehrcke
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPeL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Oleskovicz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beier SL, de Lima MPA, de Sousa FG, Silva RA, Fagundes N, Bovi MF, Tôrres RCS. Comparison of two sedation protocols for diagnostic radiography in dogs with hip dysplasia. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 20:100294. [PMID: 37180767 PMCID: PMC10172832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip dysplasia is an alteration with a high incidence in large dogs. The aim of the study was to compare the association of xylazine or dexmedetomidine with fentanyl for radiography with joint distractor for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Fifteen healthy dogs, German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd, were randomly submitted to treatments 0.2 mg/kg xylazine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (XF) or 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (DF), intravenously. HR, f, SAP, MAP, DAP and TR were evaluated at intervals of 5 min before and after the administration of treatments; pH, PaCO2, PaO2, BE, HCO3-, SaO2, Na+, K+ and Hb at 5 and 15 min after treatment administration; and the quality of sedation at intervals of 5 min after administration of treatments. Latency, duration, and recovery times were also compared. The HR values showed a significant reduction in both groups, as well as pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and SaO2. Latency, duration and recovery times, and quality of sedation did not differ statistically between groups. Xylazine and fentanyl or dexmedetomidine and fentanyl combinations provide adequate sedation and analgesia for performing diagnostic radiographic procedures for hip dysplasia. However, oxygen supplementation is recommended to increase protocol safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Corresponding author at: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais 6627 Antônio Carlos Av, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rubio M, Satué K, Carrillo JM, Hernández Guerra Á, Cuervo B, Chicharro D, Damiá E, Del Romero A, Sopena J. Changes in Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Ovariohysterectomized Bitches Using an Alfaxalone–Midazolam–Morphine–Sevoflurane Protocol. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070914. [PMID: 35405902 PMCID: PMC8997066 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Laboratory tests are an integral part of the overall diagnostic procedures for both physiological and pathological conditions. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches is an invasive procedure, producing moderate to severe pain. The response to surgical stress is characterized by a series of neuroendocrine and metabolic changes that can be represented on hematological and biochemical profiles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological response to surgical stress, predict the presence of possible post-surgical complications, and where appropriate, establish the appropriate treatment based on the hematochemical changes during and after OHE in healthy bitches. OHE in this study induced transient changes in certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Knowledge of the hematochemical changes in response to stress and trauma induced by OHE in healthy dogs would allow to predict possible post-surgical complications. Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor hematochemical changes during and after OHE in bitches. Twenty-four females were anesthetized with alfaxalone, midazolam, morphine and sevoflurane. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0), at 30 (T1), and 60 min (T2), at 3 (T3), 6 (T4), 12 (T5), and 24 h (T6), and at 3 (T7) and 7 days (T8) from the start of surgery. Red blood cells (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly from T1 to T5 and hemoglobin (HB) concentration from T4 to T6. Both the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NFS) count increased significantly from T3 to T6, monocyte (MON) from T2 to T5, and eosinophil (EOS) at T5. Platelet (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) significantly decreased at T5 and increased from T6 to T8; platelet distribution width (PDW) increased significantly from T3 to T6. Creatine kinase (CK) activity increased significantly from T5 to T7. Glucose (GLU) concentrations increased significantly at T2 and P from T2 to T3. TG levels decreased from T2 to T4 and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels from T1 to T7, subsequently increasing until T8. Changes possibly resulting from stress and surgical trauma, as well as hemodilution and splenic storage, are due to anesthesia and surgery. In healthy bitches, these changes tend to gradually stabilize after the ending of OHE. A post-operative follow-up is essential to detect possible post-operative complications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cherdchutham W, Sukhong P, Sae-oueng K, Supanwinijkul N, Wiangnak K, Srimuang J, Apichaimongkonkun T, Limratchapong S, Petchdee S. Effects of xylazine and adrenaline combinations: Preliminary clinical application for non-surgical protocols of nephrosplenic entrapment in horses. Vet World 2021; 14:3188-3193. [PMID: 35153411 PMCID: PMC8829408 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3188-3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The medical treatment of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment (NSE) of the large colon through administrating phenylephrine and rolling during general anesthesia was effective and less expensive than surgical treatment. However, the selection of drugs for non-surgical treatment of NSE is not a usual method for clinical practice. This study aimed to identify the effects of combined drugs on the cardiac and splenic response in horses and provide information on the NSE of the large colon for clinical application. Materials and Methods: Six healthy Thai native crossbred horses were enrolled in this study. Horses received two protocols with a withdrawal period of 14 days: Group 1 received xylazine (0.5 mg/kg IV) and adrenaline (1 mcg/kg IV), and Group 2 received xylazine (0.5 mg/kg IV) and adrenaline (3 mcg/kg IV). Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), heart dimensions, and the splenic response of six horses were measured before the sedation, 30 and 60 min later, and 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, and 100 min after adrenaline administration. Doppler was used to obtain systolic blood pressure. Results: The HRV low-frequency and high-frequency power ratios decreased after using xylazine. Hypertension was observed after adrenaline administration. In this study, there were only minimal differences in the HR and respiratory rate between groups. However, overall cardiac and splenic parameters were statistically higher in Group 2. Conclusion: This study suggested that xylazine and three micrograms of adrenaline preserved the cardiac autonomic activity balance and were safe to use non-surgical applicability in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worakij Cherdchutham
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Patskit Sukhong
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Kanchanog Sae-oueng
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Nithisphat Supanwinijkul
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Kittanai Wiangnak
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Jirayut Srimuang
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| | - Tawanhathai Apichaimongkonkun
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Limratchapong
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
BISHT DEVENDERSINGH, JADON NARENDRASINGH, BODH DEEPTI, KANDPAL MANJUL. Clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical effects of dexmedetomidinepropofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i8.82910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical effects of dexmedetomidine in dogs undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia. Twelve apparently healthy adult dogs were divided into two groups having 6 animals each. Animals of group I received atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/kg s.c. + dexmedetomidine @ 10 μg/kg i.v. while animals of group II were administered atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/ kg s.c. + dexmedetomidine @ 15 μg/kg i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (as i.v. bolus till effect) and maintained with sevoflurane. Clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical parameters were recorded at different intervals. Quicker attenuation of clinical reflexes was observed in both groups. Induction time was significantly lower while duration of anaesthesia, recovery time, standing time, complete recovery time and percent reduction in MAC of sevoflurane was significantly higher in group II. Non-significant differences in induction dose of propofol, physiological and haematobiochemical parameters were observed in both groups. Significant decrease in heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and significant increase in mean arterial pressure was recorded in both the groups. Transient significant decrease in haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count and transient significant increase in glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and cortisol was recorded in both the groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased significantly while insulin level decreased significantly in both groups. Both anaesthetic combinations used in the present study produced satisfactory anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, therefore can be suggested for clinical use in canine patients undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kisani AI, Tughgba T, Elsa AT. Effects of various surgical procedures on biochemical parameters of Nigerian dogs and their clinical implications. Vet World 2018; 11:909-914. [PMID: 30147258 PMCID: PMC6097566 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.909-914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The importance of physical and psychological stress caused by pain during surgery cannot be overemphasized. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ovariohysterectomy (OVH), gastrotomy (GST), and intestinal resection and anastomosis (IRA) on biochemical parameters of Nigerian dogs anesthetized with the xylazine-propofol combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 12 dogs were randomly divided into three groups of four each. The animals were treated with xylazine and propofol anesthetics for OVH, GST, and IRA in Groups 1-3, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0 h, 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h postsurgery for determination of cortisol (CORT), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GL), and ALB/GL ratio. RESULTS There were significant increases (p<0.05) in mean CORT concentrations 2 h postsurgery in the three groups and at 24 h in Group 3 and 96 h in Groups 1 and 3, respectively. GLU concentrations increased significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups at 2 h postsurgery. The mean protein concentrations in Groups 2 and 3 decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 2h and 24 h and 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, and 144 h in Group 3, respectively. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean ALB concentrations at 2 h, 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, and 144 h postsurgery. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean GL concentrations in Group 3 at 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 144 h. All other parameters were not significantly different (p>0.05) in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION Xylazine-propofol combination could decrease humoral immune status and increase serum GLU level invariably portending a high risk of diabetes in the vulnerable dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboh Iku Kisani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Terzungwe Tughgba
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Teleh Elsa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|