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Yang L, Yu P, Wang J, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Chen L. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Multiple Strategies for Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Tolerate Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Three Antibiotics. Foods 2024; 13:1674. [PMID: 38890902 PMCID: PMC11171697 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause acute gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture may lead to a high incidence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Nevertheless, the genome evolution of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic animals and the mechanism of its antibiotic tolerance remain to be further deciphered. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the antibiotic tolerance of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 3) originated from shellfish and crustaceans using comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. The genome sequences of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were determined (5.0-5.3 Mb), and they contained 4709-5610 predicted protein-encoding genes, of which 823-1099 genes were of unknown functions. Comparative genomic analyses revealed a number of mobile genetic elements (MGEs, n = 69), antibiotic resistance-related genes (n = 7-9), and heavy metal tolerance-related genes (n = 2-4). The V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to sub-lethal concentrations (sub-LCs) of ampicillin (AMP, 512 μg/mL), kanamycin (KAN, 64 μg/mL), and streptomycin (STR, 16 μg/mL) (p < 0.05). Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that there were significantly altered metabolic pathways elicited by the sub-LCs of the antibiotics (p < 0.05), suggesting the existence of multiple strategies for antibiotic tolerance in V. parahaemolyticus. The results of this study enriched the V. parahaemolyticus genome database and should be useful for controlling the MDR pathogen worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Taixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Rasheed H, Ijaz M, Ahmed A, Javed MU, Shah SFA, Anwaar F. Discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic identification methods of antibiotic resistant genes harboring Staphylococcusaureus. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106342. [PMID: 37704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue that limits therapeutic options for infections. S. aureus being a member of the ESKAPE group is capable of "escaping" the biocidal action of antimicrobial agents. There are phenotypic and genotypic methods used for the identification of antibiotic resistant genes harboring S. aureus but these methods do not always show concordant results. To address these discrepancies, a total of 335 equine nasal swab samples from four districts of Punjab were collected using a convenient sampling technique. These samples were first subjected to common microbial techniques to identify S. aureus. The disc diffusion assay was performed for the phenotypic identification of antibiotic resistant S. aureus by using discs of oxacillin, penicillin, vancomycin, gentamycin, and tetracycline. After this, PCR was performed by targeting mecA, blaZ, vanB, aaca-aphd, and tetK genes for genotypic identification of respective antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Phenotypic discrepancies (number of antibiotic resistant isolates found from disc diffusion who appeared to be negative for the resistant gene), and genotypic discrepancies (number of antibiotic sensitive isolates found from disc diffusion who appeared to be positive for the resistant gene) were calculated. The discrepancy ratio for mecA, blaZ, vanB, aaca-aphd, and tetK genes were 3.09, 1.96, 2.67, 1.93, and 1.67 respectively. These discrepant results indicate that the absence or presence of only one gene is not a true marker of resistant or sensitive isolates. There are multiple resistance determinants and resistance mechanisms. This study also highlighted the phenomenon of silencing of antibiotic resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rasheed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faizan Ali Shah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Anwaar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yang F, Shi W, Meng N, Zhao Y, Ding X, Li Q. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190790. [PMID: 37455736 PMCID: PMC10344457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci, mainly including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), are one of the most common pathogens causing bovine mastitis worldwide. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion combined with E-test method. Genes of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors were determined by PCR. A total of 332 staphylococcal isolates were confirmed from 1,519 mastitic milk samples, including 172 S. aureus and 160 CNS isolates. Fifteen CNS species were identified, with S. chromogenes being the most frequent found (49.4%), followed by S. equorum (13.8%). Noticeably, 2 S. agnetis isolates were found among the CNS isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the presence of S. agnetis from bovine mastitis in China. The S. aureus and CNS isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was found in 11.6 and 16.3% of the S. aureus and CNS isolates, respectively. Resistance to penicillin was attributed to the presence of blaZ, erythromycin resistance to ermC (alone or combined with ermB) and tetracycline resistance to tetK (alone or combined with tetM). Notably, one S. equorum isolate and one S. saprophyticus isolate were both methicillin-resistant and mecA positive. Additionally, all S. aureus isolates carried the adhesin genes fnbpA, clfA, clfB, and sdrC, and most of them contained cna and sdrE. Conversely, only a few of the CNS isolates carried clfA, cna, and fnbA. Regarding toxin genes, all S. aureus isolates harbored hlb, and most of them were hlg positive. The lukE-lukD, lukM, sec, sed, sei, sen, seo, tst, seg, seh, and sej were also detected with low frequencies. However, no toxin genes were observed in CNS isolates. This study reveals high species diversity of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. The findings for the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor provide valuable information for control and prevention of staphylococcal bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Ocloo R, Nyasinga J, Munshi Z, Hamdy A, Marciniak T, Soundararajan M, Newton-Foot M, Ziebuhr W, Shittu A, Revathi G, Abouelfetouh A, Whitelaw A. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1059054. [PMID: 36583033 PMCID: PMC9792789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA) in animals are becoming more pathogenic and antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans. However, there is little synthesized information regarding SOSA from animals in Africa. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of SOSA in companion animals (pets) and livestock in Africa. Method This systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42021252303) was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and 75 eligible studies from 13 countries were identified until August 2022. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were employed. Results The frequently isolated SOSA were S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes, S. hyicus, M. sciuri, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus. Thirty (40%) studies performed antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Penicillin (58%) and tetracycline (28%) resistance were most common across all SOSA with high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in some species. Resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as linezolid and fusidic acid were also reported. Limited data on strain typing and molecular resistance mechanisms precluded analysis of the clonal diversity of SOSA on the continent. Conclusion The findings of this review indicate that research on livestock-associated SOSA in Africa is lacking in some regions such as Central and Western Africa, furthermore, research on companion animals and more advanced methods for identification and strain typing of SOSA need to be encouraged. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021252303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remous Ocloo
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Justin Nyasinga
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zubair Munshi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aisha Hamdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mae Newton-Foot
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Adebayo Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Multiple Strategies for the Cadmium Tolerance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus N10-18 Isolated from Aquatic Animal Ostrea gigas Thunberg. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233777. [PMID: 36496584 PMCID: PMC9741282 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The waterborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia in humans. Pollution of heavy metals in aquatic environments is proposed to link high incidence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Nevertheless, the genome evolution and heavy metal tolerance mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic animals remain to be largely unveiled. Here, we overcome the limitation by characterizing an MDR V. parahaemolyticus N10-18 isolate with high cadmium (Cd) tolerance using genomic and transcriptomic techniques. The draft genome sequence (4,910,080 bp) of V. parahaemolyticus N10-18 recovered from Ostrea gigas Thunberg was determined, and 722 of 4653 predicted genes had unknown function. Comparative genomic analysis revealed mobile genetic elements (n = 11) and heavy metal and antibiotic-resistance genes (n = 38 and 7). The bacterium significantly changed cell membrane structure to resist the Cd2+ (50 μg/mL) stress (p < 0.05). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed seven significantly altered metabolic pathways elicited by the stress. The zinc/Cd/mercury/lead transportation and efflux and the zinc ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transportation were greatly enhanced; metal and iron ABC transportation and thiamine metabolism were also up-regulated; conversely, propanoate metabolism and ribose and maltose ABC transportation were inhibited (p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate multiple strategies for the Cd tolerance in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Labuschagne C, Karzis J, Britz H, Petzer IM. Characterisation of Staphylococci Isolated from Milk Samples of a Water Buffalo Herd. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111609. [PMID: 36421253 PMCID: PMC9686803 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water buffalo produce a tenth of milk for global human consumption. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are among the most commonly isolated bacteria from mastitis in water buffalo and dairy cows. These results described the initial characterisation of 17 NAS—15 Staphylococcus simulans and two Staphylococcus chromogenes from a water buffalo herd (n = 44) in South Africa. The isolates were identified by classical microbiology, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA, and the disc diffusion method determined the antibiotic susceptibility. A multi-locus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was developed to determine S. simulans sequence types (ST), by defining and comparing seven housekeeping gene fragment sequences. Sequence typing confirmed all 15 S. simulans isolates from water buffalo which belonged to a single ST, genetically distant from the six bovine STs isolated from adjacent farms, which also varied, indicating no current bacterial transfer between species. The antibiotic resistance patterns of S. simulans varied between beta-lactams. The mean milk somatic cell count (SCC) for the water buffalo milk samples was 166,500 cells/mL milk. This information offers insights into the epidemiology and comparison among isolates from various origins, which leads to effective proactive mastitis strategies resulting in safe, high-quality dairy products from water buffalo and dairy cows for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Karzis
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-012-529-8405
| | - Hans Britz
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Inge-Marié Petzer
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Antimicrobial resistance and genomic analysis of staphylococci isolated from livestock and farm attendants in Northern Ghana. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35864456 PMCID: PMC9306040 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in food producing animals is of growing concern to food safety and health. Staphylococci are common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals. Infections involving antibiotic resistant staphylococci are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with notable economic consequences. Livestock farms may enable cross-species transfer of antibiotic resistant staphylococci. The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci isolated from livestock and farm attendants in Northern Ghana using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on staphylococci recovered from livestock and farm attendants and isolates resistant to cefoxitin were investigated using whole genome sequencing. Results One hundred and fifty-two staphylococci comprising S. sciuri (80%; n = 121), S. simulans (5%; n = 8), S. epidermidis (4%; n = 6), S. chromogens (3%; n = 4), S. aureus (2%; n = 3), S. haemolyticus (1%; n = 2), S. xylosus (1%; n = 2), S. cohnii (1%; n = 2), S. condimenti (1%; n = 2), S. hominis (1%; n = 1) and S. arlettae (1%; n = 1) were identified. The isolates showed resistance to penicillin (89%; n = 135), clindamycin (67%; n = 102), cefoxitin (19%; n = 29), tetracycline (15%; n = 22) and erythromycin (11%; n = 16) but showed high susceptibility to gentamicin (96%; n = 146), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (98%; n = 149) and rifampicin (99%; n = 151). All staphylococci were susceptible to linezolid and amikacin. Carriage of multiple resistance genes was common among the staphylococcal isolates. Genome sequencing of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolates revealed majority of S. sciuri (93%, n = 27) carrying mecA1 (which encodes for beta-lactam resistance) and the sal(A) gene, responsible for resistance to lincosamide and streptogramin. Most of the MRS isolates were recovered from livestock. Conclusion The study provides insights into the genomic content of MRS from farm attendants and livestock in Ghana and highlights the importance of using whole-genome sequencing to investigate such opportunistic pathogens. The finding of multi-drug resistant staphylococci such as S. sciuri carrying multiple resistant genes is of public health concern as they could pose a challenge for treatment of life-threatening infections that they may cause.
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Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus Associated with Small Ruminant Mastitis: Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060633. [PMID: 34070557 PMCID: PMC8228312 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant mastitis is a serious problem, mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp. Different virulence factors affect mastitis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate virulence factors genes for biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines in 137 staphylococcal isolates from goats (86) and sheep (51). The presence of coa, nuc, bap, icaA, icaD, blaZ, mecA, mecC, tetK, and tetM genes was investigated. The nuc gene was detected in all S. aureus isolates and in some coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). None of the S. aureus isolates carried the bap gene, while 8 out of 18 CNS harbored this gene. The icaA gene was detected in S. aureus and S. warneri, while icaD only in S. aureus. None of the isolates carrying the bap gene harbored the ica genes. None of the biofilm-associated genes were detected in 14 isolates (six S. aureus and eight CNS). An association was found between Staphylococcus species and resistance to some antibiotics and between antimicrobial resistance and animal species. Nine penicillin-susceptible isolates exhibited the blaZ gene, questioning the reliability of susceptibility testing. Most S. aureus isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, and no cefazolin or gentamycin resistance was detected. These should replace other currently used antimicrobials.
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Lee SI, Kim SD, Park JH, Yang SJ. Species Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Enterotoxigenicity of Non- aureus Staphylococci in Retail Chicken Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110809. [PMID: 33203011 PMCID: PMC7697432 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), including coagulase-negative staphylococci, have emerged as important causes of opportunistic infections in humans and animals and a potential cause of staphylococcal food poisoning. In this study, we investigated (i) the staphylococcal species profiles of NAS in in retail chicken meat, (ii) the phenotypic and genotypic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in the NAS isolates, and (iii) the prevalence of classical and newer staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes. A total of 58 NAS of nine different species were isolated from retail raw chicken meat samples. The occurrence of multidrug resistance in the NAS, particularly S. agnetis and S. chromogenes, with high resistance rates against tetracycline or fluoroquinolones were confirmed. The tetracycline resistance was associated with the presence of tet(L) in S. chromogenes and S. hyicus or tet(K) in S. saprophyticus. The occurrence of fluoroquinolone resistance in S. agnetis and S. chromogenes was usually associated with mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) of gyrA and parC. In addition, the frequent presence of SE genes, especially seh, sej, and sep, was detected in S. agnetis and S. chromogenes. Our findings suggest that NAS in raw chicken meat can have potential roles as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxin genes.
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Microarray-based detection of resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cattle and buffalo with mastitis in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3855-3862. [PMID: 33026613 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from cows and buffaloes with mastitis. The study included seventy-five CoNS isolates (60 came from cattle and 15 from buffaloes) originating from 68 individual quarters of 67 dairy cows (53 cattle and 14 buffaloes). The animals belonged to five different small holding dairy herds (n = 140 cows) that show clinical or subclinical mastitis. CoNS isolates were phenotypically characterized using MALDI-TOF-MS and were further genotypically characterized by microarray-based assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility of CoNS strains which carried the mecA gene was examined by broth microdilution. The occurrence of CoNS in the respective five herds was 10.5%, 14.7%, 14.8%, 12.8%, and 9.9%, with an average of 12.4%. Six different CoNS species were identified: S. sciuri (n = 37; 30 from cattle and 7 from buffaloes), S. chromogenes (n = 14; 8 from cattle and 6 from buffaloes), S. haemolyticus (n = 10; nine from cattle and one buffalo), S. xylosus (n = 10; nine from cattle and one buffalo), S. hyicus (n = 2), S. warneri (n = 1), and unidentified CoNS (n = 1). Twenty percent (20%) of CoNS isolates (17.3% of cattle origin) carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene, while 4% of the isolate including two isolates of S. haemolyticus and one S. warneri of cattle origin carried the mecA gene and were phenotypically identified as methicillin-resistant strains. The genes detected were blaZ (16%), followed by tet(K) (8%), aacA-aphD (4%), aphA3 (2.6%), msr(A) (2.6%), [far1 (2.6%), and fusC (2.6%)], sat (2.6%), and cat (1.3%) conferring resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, neomycin/kanamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, streptothricin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The majority of investigated CoNS strains displayed considerably low prevalence of resistance genes, while resistance to more than three antibiotics was found in S. haemolyticus and S. warneri. Implementing effective preventive measures is, therefore, important for limiting the transmission of CoNS, rather than using antibiotics to control mastitis in bovines.
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Characterization of Staphylococci and Streptococci Isolated from Milk of Bovides with Mastitis in Egypt. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050381. [PMID: 32429272 PMCID: PMC7281669 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize staphylococci and streptococci in milk from Egyptian bovides. In total, 50 milk samples were collected from localities in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. Isolates were cultivated, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. PCR amplifications were carried out, targeting resistance-associated genes. Thirty-eight Staphylococcus isolates and six Streptococcus isolates could be cultivated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates revealed a high resistance rate to penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. The mecA gene defining methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, erm(C) and aac-aphD genes was found in 87.5% of each. Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a high prevalence of mecA, blaZ and tetK genes. Other resistance-associated genes were found. All Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates carried blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C) and lnuA genes, while Streptococcus suis harbored erm(C), aphA-3, tetL and tetM genes, additionally. In Streptococcus gallolyticus, most of these genes were found. The Streptococcus agalactiae isolate harbored blaZ, erm(B), erm(C), lnuA, tetK, tetL and tetM genes. Streptococcus agalactiae isolate was analyzed by DNA microarray analysis. It was determined as sequence type 14, belonging to clonal complex 19 and represented capsule type VI. Pilus and cell wall protein genes, pavA, cadD and emrB/qacA genes were identified by microarray analysis.
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Manoharan M, Sistla S, Ray P. Prevalence and Molecular Determinants of Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus from India. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:501-508. [PMID: 32191566 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Although Staphylococcus haemolyticus is considered as a part of normal skin flora, infections associated with them are increasing. Irrespective of the low virulence profile it poses a severe threat to patients with indwelling devices due to its multidrug-resistant nature. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and to detect the genes responsible in clinical isolates of S. haemolyticus. Results: All the 356 S. haemolyticus isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides. 91.3% were resistant to cefoxitin, 85.4% to erythromycin, 57.3% to co-trimoxazole, 52.8% to clindamycin, whereas only 3.7% of isolates were resistant to linezolid. Tetracycline resistance was found in 16.6% of isolates with tetK as the major genetic determinant. Most of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates carried mecA gene (99.4%), whereas dfrG gene was found only in 57.3% of co-trimoxazole-resistant isolates. Macrolides resistance was seen in 85.4% of isolates with cMLSB (constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) (42.5%) as the major phenotype with ermC and msrAB genes as the predominant genetic determinants. Among linezolid-resistant isolates all except one showed higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (>256 μg/mL) with chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance (cfr) gene as the genetic determinant, whereas one isolate had a lower MIC (16 μg/mL) and was negative for cfr gene. Conclusion: Emerging resistance to linezolid is a cause for concern. Strategies to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance require continuous surveillance of these multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Moawad AA, Hotzel H, Awad O, Roesler U, Hafez HM, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Turkeys in Egypt: First Report of Linezolid Resistance. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100476. [PMID: 31652567 PMCID: PMC6843140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are gaining much attention as causative agents of serious nosocomial infections in humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of CoNS as well as the presence of resistance-associated genes in CoNS isolated from turkey farms in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy turkeys in Egypt. Suspected isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The susceptibility testing of CoNS isolates against 20 antimicrobial agents was performed using the broth microdilution test. The presence of resistance-associated genes like mecA, vanA, blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), aac-aphD, optrA, valS, and cfr was determined. Thirty-nine CoNS were identified. All isolates were phenotypically resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The resistance rates to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, daptomycin, and tigecycline were 97.4%, 94.9%, 92.3%, 89.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. Thirty-one isolates were resistant to linezolid (79.5%). Low resistance rate was detected for both imipenem and vancomycin (12.8%). The erm(C) gene was identified in all erythromycin phenotypically resistant isolates, whereas two resistant isolates possessed three resistance-conferring genes erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C). The cfr and optrA genes were detected in 11 (35.5%) and 12 (38.7%) of the 31 linezolid-resistant isolates. The mecA, aac-aphD, and blaZ genes were identified in 22.2%, 41.9%, and 2.6% of phenotypically resistant isolates to oxacillin, gentamicin, and penicillin, respectively. This is the first study revealing the correlation between linezolid resistance and presence of cfr and optrA genes in CoNS isolates from Egypt, and it can help to improve knowledge about the linezolid resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Mansoura Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Omnia Awad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Robert-von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- Institute for Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Mama OM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Lozano C, González-Barrio D, Ruiz-Fons JF, Torres C. High diversity of coagulase negative staphylococci species in wild boars, with low antimicrobial resistance rates but detection of relevant resistance genes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:125-129. [PMID: 31094318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work was focused to determine the prevalence and the species diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in wild boars, and to study their antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype. Nasal samples of 371 wild boars from six Spanish regions were collected for CoNS recovery. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility for eight antimicrobial agents was studied by disc-diffusion method and the presence of 31 antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. CoNS were detected in nasal samples of 136/371 animals tested (36.6%), and 161 isolates were obtained (1-3/animal); a high diversity of species was found (n = 17), with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 64), S. xylosus (n = 21) and S. chromogenes (n = 17). Among CoNS isolates, 22.4% showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested. Tetracycline-resistance phenotype was the most frequently detected (10.5%), generally mediated by tet(K) gene [associated or not with tet(L)]. Other relevant resistance genes were identified including unusual ones [mecA, erm(B), erm(F), mphC, erm(43), msr(A)/msr(B), lnu(A), dfrG, fexA, and catpC221]. This is the first study in which CoNS isolates from wild boars are analysed. The knowledge of antimicrobial phenotype and genotype of CoNS in natural ecosystems is highly important since these staphylococcal species can act as vectors of relevant antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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15
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Ohore OE, Addo FG, Zhang S, Han N, Anim-Larbi K. Distribution and relationship between antimicrobial resistance genes and heavy metals in surface sediments of Taihu Lake, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:323-335. [PMID: 30573097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other wastes released into the environment can significantly influence environmental antibiotic resistance. We investigated the occurrence of 22 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 10 heavy metal concentrations, and the relationship between ARGs and heavy metals in surface sediment from seven sites of Lake Taihu. The results showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) between sediment ARG levels, especially for tetracycline and sulfonamides (e.g., tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), tet(O), sul1, sul2 and int-1) and specific heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, among others) in the Lake. In the surface sediments, heavy metals showed an interaction with resistance genes, but the strength of interaction was diminished with increasing depth. For most of the heavy metals, the concentration of elements in the top sediments was higher than that in other depths. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) and tet(O), β-lactam resistance genes (SHV, TEM, CTX, OXA and OXY) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sulA, sul1, sul2, sul3 and int-1) were detected. They showed a trend which inferred a statistically significant increase followed by decreases in the relative abundance of these ARGs (normalized to 16S rRNA genes) with increasing depth. This study revealed that tet(A), tet(O), TEM, OXY, int-1, sul1 and sul3 were widespread in surface sediments with high abundance, indicating that these genes deserve more attention in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okugbe E Ohore
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China..
| | - Felix Gyawu Addo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China..
| | - Nini Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Kwaku Anim-Larbi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Okoli CE, Njoga EO, Enem SI, Godwin EE, Nwanta JA, Chah KF. Prevalence, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus isolated from ready-to-eat meats. Vet World 2018; 11:1214-1221. [PMID: 30410224 PMCID: PMC6200574 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1214-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim An epidemiological surveillance for Staphylococci contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) meats from Enugu State, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the prevalence, species distribution, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the organisms and hence the microbiological and toxicological safety of the meats. Materials and Methods Isolation and phenotypic Staphylococcus detection were done according to standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic resistance to 17 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined by disc diffusion method. Molecular characterization of the isolates to species level and detection of selected toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistance genes were done by PCR methods. Results Twenty-four (9.4%) of the 255 meat samples investigated were contaminated with Staphylococcus species. Twenty-four Staphylococcus isolates belonging to six species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were identified. Four (16.7%) isolates harbored genes coding for exfoliative toxin-A. Ten (41.7%) isolates were multidrug resistant, while mecA, tetK, mphC, ermT and ermC were the antimicrobial-resistance genes detected in the isolates. Meat samples sourced from motor parks (16.7%) and open markets (8.5%) were the most contaminated. Conclusion 9.4% of RTE meats sampled were contaminated with toxigenic and multidrug resistance CoNS. Beef was the most contaminated RTE meat type and harbored all the toxigenic and most of the antibiotic-resistant genes detected. Meat samples from motor parks had the highest staphylococcal contamination (16.7%), while those from mechanic village had the least (2.4%). Majority (79.2%) of the isolates were not susceptible to fusidic acid but none exhibited antimicrobial-resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, linezolid or teicoplanin. Food safety authorities in the study area should work proactively to massively improve the hygienic practices of meat vendors; in order to limit staphylococcal contamination of RTE meats and the associated public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe E Okoli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Simon I Enem
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Enid E Godwin
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John A Nwanta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy F Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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