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Aghili SS, Pourzal A, Mosaddad SA, Amookhteh S. COVID-19 Risk Management in Dental Offices: A Review Article. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As all the dental staff, including nurses and practitioners, are exposed to various routes of contamination due to the novel COVID-19 virus, which is still unknown to the scientific world, developing strategies to reduce the risk of transmission and decontaminate surfaces in a dental office would be of high importance. Although there is still insufficient data on managing this virus in dental offices, several studies have suggested protocols for improving care.
AIM: This study aimed to review present investigations and reach a conclusion on what we know and need to know to combat this virus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Medical Disinfectants,” “Personal Protective Equipment’s,” and “Surface Decontamination.” Articles were reviewed, and finally, relevant articles published during 2000–2022 were included in the final paper.
RESULTS: The present research concluded that using a combination of the face shield and N95 masks protected the eyes, nose, and mouth. To have more efficient protection, water-resistant long-sleeved gowns and gloves were highly suggested. To overcome aerosols, high-performance air filters and ultraviolet were found quite effective. Allowing the patient to use antiseptic mouthwash before starting the treatment could reduce oral microorganisms and the following airborne contamination.
CONCLUSION: This review has gathered all available data regarding dentistry and COVID-19 in order to conclude what has been achieved yet in the prevention of this virus through dental offices; however, more investigations are needed to have a definitive protocol against the virus.
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Pamukcu U, Tetik H, Peker I, Karadag Atas O, Zafersoy Akarslan Z. Effect of enveloping and disinfection methods on artefact formation on enveloped PSP plate images. Oral Radiol 2022; 38:558-564. [PMID: 35064886 PMCID: PMC8783187 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the artefacts caused by different disinfection and protection methods that can be used for infection control of photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates. Methods The plates that were enveloped with single or double envelopes were sprayed with an alcohol-containing solution or wiped with an alcohol-containing tissue. Four PSP groups with two plates in each group were formed (A = wiping single envelope, B = wiping double envelopes, C = spraying onto single envelope, and D = spraying onto double envelopes). Any artefacts (1 = no artefact, 2 = presence of artefact less than 0.5 cm wide, and 3 = presence of artefact larger than 0.5 cm wide) on the 12 acquired images were evaluated. Results Artefacts (score-3) occurred on the images of Group C-2 PSP plate after the 3rd exposure. According to the Kruskal–Wallis test the difference between the artefact score of the four methods was found significant. Post-hoc comparisons showed the Group C artefact scores were higher than the others and the difference was significant. The total time of enveloping and disinfection processes for groups was; A = 6.30 min, B = 7.58 min, C = 5.48 min, and D = 7.14 min. Conclusions Regardless of the number of envelopes, wiping with a tissue was less likely to cause artefacts, while spraying was reliable only when double envelopes were used. However, using a tissue and double envelopes, which are less risky in terms of artefact, causes time loss, difficulty in manipulation, environmental pollution and high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Pamukcu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 2. Sokak No: 4 Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Tetik
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 2. Sokak No: 4 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Peker
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 2. Sokak No: 4 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Karadag Atas
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhre Zafersoy Akarslan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 2. Sokak No: 4 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Motwani N, Ikhar A, Chandak M, Gondivkar S. Disinfection Measures during COVID-19 for Dental Operatories. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
In the dental health-care setups, the environmental object and surfaces are expected to be infected by the COVID virus wherein definite procedures are performed. Consequently, these objects and surfaces, particularly where COVID-19 patients are being treated, must be appropriately cleaned and sanitized to stop further spread.
Objective:
The present article is intended for providing protocols about the cleaning and disinfection of objects and surfaces in the circumstances of COVID-19 for Dental operatories.
Methods:
Studies evaluating the surface characteristics of the virus as well as effective disinfection measures have been documented.
Results:
Various chemicals in different concentrations have a virocidal effect. The devices introduced include used UV radiation and ozone.
Conclusion:
These changes in dental clinical practice are needed to save humanity by preventing further transmission of disease.
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Impact of COVID-19 on Dentistry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:623-636. [PMID: 33973202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the health-care system drastically, including dental care practice. COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is thought to spread via close contact through respiratory droplets and aerosols. Owing to specific characteristics of dental care such as aerosol generation as well as close proximity to patients, dentistry is thought to be associated with the nosocomial spread of infection. The risk of bidirectional spread of infection between patient and dental care providers makes it critical to take additional precautionary measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. It is essential to understand that the guidelines for providing dental treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic will vary across the globe, and dental practices should be in compliance with their regional guidelines. This chapter aims to present an overview of the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and its impact on dentistry and discuss measures to provide dental care during the time of the COVID-19 outbreak effectively.
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5
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Mascarenhas RE, Pralhad S, Manaktala N. Pan-dent-emic: safety considerations for dental surgery in the era of COVID-19. Patient Saf Surg 2021; 15:16. [PMID: 33845838 PMCID: PMC8040369 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-021-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread has seized the entire world and has created extensive health concerns in the general population. Despite various efforts to prevent the pandemic spread, the flare-up of this disease is still soaring due to the community spread in every area. The droplet spread from the afflicted is of the highest concern because of its rapid spread to uninfected individuals. Dental treatments have to be planned and carried out with extreme caution and dental personnel should take extreme care and follow meticulous guidelines when treating an individual with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. This article highlights the clinical picture of COVID-19 (coronavirus diseases 2019) and presents a summary of precautionary and prophylactic measures in preventing the cross-infection and the nosocomial spread of the infection in a dental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Enette Mascarenhas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Swati Pralhad
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India.
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6
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection prevention in dental practice is a principle of utmost importance aiming to protect patients, the dental team, and ultimately, public health. The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has instigated worldwide public concern. This highly contagious disease has called for profound changes in patient care around the world. The goal of this article is to review the current literature and introduce essential knowledge about COVID-19, recommend management protocols and adequate protection for dental professionals during the outbreak. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature search was conducted from April to June 2020. After full-text screening a total of 85 studies were included. RESULTS Given the novelty of SARS-CoV-2, some characteristics of the virus remain yet unknown. The virus is aerosol-transmissible and, because of the nature of dental procedures, this puts dental professionals and patients at a high risk of contamination by this pathogen. Adequate management protocols and specific protective approaches are essential to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in dental settings during the outbreak. DISCUSSION The overall impact of COVID-19 in health care worldwide is yet to be determined. This constitutes a significant limitation to this review because the information obtained risks being outdated as the pandemic progresses. The prudent practitioner will use this review as a starting point and continue to proactively update themselves as the outbreak continues. Further studies are required to investigate the potential impact of infections with SARS-CoV-2 within dental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greta Skrupskelyte
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Alakhras M, Al-Mousa DS, Mahasneh A, AlSa'di AG. Factors Affecting Compliance of Infection Control Measures among Dental Radiographers. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8834854. [PMID: 33273923 PMCID: PMC7683140 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8834854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the level of dental radiographers' compliance with infection control measures and to evaluate the factors affecting their compliance. METHODS The study included 175 dental radiographers. Compliance with infection control was evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 33 questions related to vaccination, hand hygiene (HH), personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfection and sterilization, and use of surface barriers. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare compliance between subgroups of radiographers. RESULTS 64.6% of participants were females, and 62.9% was younger than 30 years. 13.0% of the sample population had >10 years of experience and 28.0% take radiographs for >20 patients/day. 66.9% of participants wash their hands before/after taking radiographs. 26.3% of participants had vaccination against hepatitis B, tetanus, and tuberculosis. 12.6% fully use PPE, 10.9% perform complete disinfection and sterilization, and 16.0% apply all kinds of surfaces barriers. Vaccination was significantly affected by age, gender, and practice type. HH was affected by years of experience and number of patients radiographed per day. PPE was influenced by number of hours worked per week and patients radiographed daily. Disinfection and sterilization was affected by practice type and years of experience. The use of surface barriers was affected by age, practice type, and number of patients radiographed/day. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated poor compliance with infection control practices among dental radiographers. We recommend continuing educational programs and training courses to increase dental radiographers' awareness of local and international infection control guidelines and to enhance their implementation of these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Alakhras
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Dana S. Al-Mousa
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Arwa Mahasneh
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
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8
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Hegde MN, Qaiser S, Hegde ND. Clinical protocols in dental practice: Post-COVID-19. J Conserv Dent 2020; 22:408-410. [PMID: 33082652 PMCID: PMC7537758 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_287_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, still on the growth curve, has had a devastating effect on the dental health sector for the past 3 months. This has become an area of enormous concern for the dentists professionally and the patients in terms of dental health. Dentistry at this point needs a complete structural change to prevent cross-infection among the patients and dentists owing to the unique characteristic of a dental health-care setting as well as to offer a sense of safety and security to the patients. This article highlights the salient points to be considered for the post-COVID phase in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithra N Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shazeena Qaiser
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidarsh D Hegde
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, J. N. Institute of Dental Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
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9
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Ilhan B, Bayrakdar İS, Orhan K. Dental radiographic procedures during COVID-19 outbreak and normalization period: recommendations on infection control. Oral Radiol 2020; 36:395-399. [PMID: 32601787 PMCID: PMC7323880 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental professionals have always been meticulous about infection control due to high risk of cross-contamination during dental procedures. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to review and revise our current practice of infection control and develop more strict protocols that will prevent nosocomial spread of infection during COVID-19 outbreak and future pandemics. The risk of contamination is high during dental radiography if proper disinfection techniques are not applied. This document provides advice and guidance for infection control when practicing dental radiography during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Ilhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Sevki Bayrakdar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Sivaraman K, Chopra A, Narayana A, Radhakrishnan RA. A five-step risk management process for geriatric dental practice during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Gerodontology 2020; 38:17-26. [PMID: 32978832 PMCID: PMC7537327 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus that causes coronavirus infection (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease transmitted through respiratory droplets, saliva and other contact routes. Within 10 months of its outbreak, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 23 million people around the world. Evidence suggests that older adults are the most vulnerable to infection and have an increased risk of mortality. Reduced immunity and underlying medical conditions make them risk-prone and vulnerable to critical care. Older adults affected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus present with distinct clinical manifestations necessitating specific treatment needs and management protocols. While it is crucial to prevent the spread of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the role of oral healthcare workers in addressing the specific needs of ageing adult patients by adopting specific guidelines and appropriate infection control protocols is timely. This paper aims to develop specific guidelines and protocols for the dental management of geriatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sivaraman
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aparna Narayana
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu A Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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11
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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in a Dental Practice in Spain: After the Outbreak. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8828616. [PMID: 32676111 PMCID: PMC7341376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, due to a virus named SARS-CoV-2 discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Many countries have been hit hard including Spain, with the highest number of healthcare workers being infected (>50,000). A lack of personal protective equipment and protocols at the time of the outbreak led to many fatalities. Although few of these healthcare workers are dental professionals, this community required protective measures as well. Fortunately, there are no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practices. Dental professionals were advised only to treat dental emergencies, and such cases were screened via telephone to maintain social distancing. Nevertheless, new protocols and measures are needed as dental professionals return to normal practice after weeks of confinement in many countries. Relatively, few articles have discussed the management of dental practice during the SARS-CoV-2 with no known articles on postpandemic outbreak guidelines. Though some protocols and measures are the same, there are also many differences. Here, we describe protocols and measures for dental practice in Spain in accordance with the Spanish Health Ministry.
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12
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Gumru B, Tarcin B, Idman E. Cross-contamination and infection control in intraoral digital imaging: a comprehensive review. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:180-188. [PMID: 32506213 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental health care workers are subjected to various infectious disease agents that are present in patients' saliva and blood which make infection control and universal prevention methods indispensable to the dental practice given that some of these diseases cause loss of work and time for dental staff and patients; some of them cause serious morbidity; and some of them currently have a poor prognosis and no effective treatments. Although dental radiographic procedures are not invasive, and there are no incidents such as injuries caused by dental instruments, they are a potential infection source because of contamination with saliva and blood, and comprehensive infection control procedures also apply to the radiology clinic. In addition, contact with a large number of patients in dental schools and clinics in a short period of time, and the fact that radiographic procedures are performed in the same environment as other dental procedures in dental offices increase the significance of infection control in dental radiology. Major advances in computer technology have enabled digital imaging systems to develop rapidly and to become common in dental practice as an alternative to conventional film-based imaging. The use of digital sensors in dental radiology introduced unique infection control challenges and required the revision and modification of existing infection control techniques. In this review, studies concerning the risk of cross-contamination and challenges of infection control with digital image sensors are comprehensively reviewed and infection control protocols that should be followed in intraoral digital imaging using both direct and indirect systems are thoroughly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsay Gumru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Mah. Basibuyuk Yolu Sok. No: 9/3, Basibuyuk, 34854, Maltepe/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Tarcin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Mah. Basibuyuk Yolu Sok. No: 9/3, Basibuyuk, 34854, Maltepe/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Idman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Mah. Basibuyuk Yolu Sok. No: 9/3, Basibuyuk, 34854, Maltepe/Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Jamal M, Shah M, Almarzooqi SH, Aber H, Khawaja S, El Abed R, Alkhatib Z, Samaranayake LP. Overview of transnational recommendations for COVID-19 transmission control in dental care settings. Oral Dis 2020; 27 Suppl 3:655-664. [PMID: 32428372 PMCID: PMC7280672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) as a pandemic. Until an effective treatment or a vaccine is developed, the current recommendations are to contain the disease, and control its transmission. It is now clear that the primary mode of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission is aerosol/droplet spread, and by contacting virus‐contaminated surfaces acting as fomites (inanimate vectors). Furthermore, recent data indicate that the live virus particles are present in saliva, and, more alarmingly, asymptomatic individuals may transmit the infection. By virtue of the nature of the practice of dentistry where intrinsically, a high volume of aerosols is produced, as well as the close proximity of dentists and patients during treatment, dentists and allied health staff are considered the highest risk health professional group for acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 during patient management. Therefore, several organizations and specialty associations have proposed guidelines and recommendations for limiting the transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 from carriers to dentists and vice versa. This paper aims to provide a review of these guidelines, and concludes with a brief look at how the practice of dentistry may be impacted by COVID‐19, in the post‐pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jamal
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Emirates Endodontic Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maanas Shah
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameeha Husain Almarzooqi
- Emirates Endodontic Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hend Aber
- Emirates Endodontic Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Summayah Khawaja
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rashid El Abed
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Emirates Endodontic Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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14
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Ather A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care. J Endod 2020; 46:584-595. [PMID: 32273156 PMCID: PMC7270628 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Ather
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Biraj Patel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nikita B Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kenneth M Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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15
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Mazumdar P, Kaushik M, Chandrasekhar V, Mohan Kumar RS, Rajawat A. Position Statement of IACDE for managing dental patients during COVID-19. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:114-120. [PMID: 33384480 PMCID: PMC7720749 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_361_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major health concern globally ever since it was declared as Pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Due to the evolving and contagious nature of coronavirus, it continues to remain a threat for dental health-care personnel. As the virus travels from person-to-person via direct contact through droplet inhalation, cough, and sneeze or through contact transmission, it remains infectious even through inanimate surfaces. A seemingly healthy asymptomatic person may have the potential to trigger the spread of this disease. Coronavirus has the capability of spreading through community transmission. There is no specific treatment or vaccine as of now for stopping the spread of COVID-19, hence universal precautions and awareness with mass involvement is required to ward off this pandemic. Dental health-care personnel are at immense risk due to the near proximity with patients and continual exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids. Management protocol regarding awareness and preventive measures should be laid down for dental clinic/hospital to contain the outspread of this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Mazumdar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Panihati, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Veeramachaneni Chandrasekhar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mallareddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akansha Rajawat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Reddy S, Shetty S, Marei HA, Abdelmagyd HE, Khazi S, Vannala V. Dental practice in COVID times: A review. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_212_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Nikkerdar N, Akya A, Khavid A, Karimi A, Emadi S. Effectiveness of Two Types of Photostimulable Phosphor Plate Plastic Barrier Envelopes for Prevention of Microbiological Contamination. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisha Akya
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Kochhar AS, Bhasin R, Kochhar GK, Dadlani H, Thakkar B, Singh G. Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:399-406. [PMID: 33149414 PMCID: PMC7586470 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a rumination on the outbreak of the dreaded coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has engulfed both the developed and the developing countries, thereby causing widespread global public health concerns and threats to human lives. Although countries have made varied efforts, the pestilence is escalating due to the high infectivity. It is highly likely that dental professionals in upcoming days will come across COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 carriers, and hence must ensure a tactful handling of such patients to prevent its nosocomial spread. Despite the avalanche of information that has exploded in relation to this rapidly spreading disease, there is a lack of consolidated information to guide dentists regarding clinical management including precautions to take materials to use and postprocedure care, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Available sources of information have been analyzed, while relying on peer-reviewed reports followed by information available from the most respected authoritative sources, such as WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and ADA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan can be formulated and adapted to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritasha Bhasin
- International Dentist Advanced Placement Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gulsheen Kaur Kochhar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Dadlani
- Department of Periodontology, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balvinder Thakkar
- Jaipur Dental Hospital and Orthodontic Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gurkeerat Singh
- Department of Orthodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Peker I, Peker E, Basman A, Akca G, Odabas ME, Haciosmanoglu N, Altunkaynak B, Akarslan Z. A pilot study of the effects of a vacuum sealing barrier method for photostimulable phosphor plates regarding plate damage and prevention of microbiologic cross-contamination. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:283-290. [PMID: 29958935 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new sealing method for preventing cross-contamination of photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates. STUDY DESIGN Twelve new PSP plates were divided into 3 groups (PSP-a, PSP-b, and PSP- c) and placed in 3 different barriers (2 different brands of envelopes and a vacuum sealing method). All plates were exposed to X-rays with an aluminum step wedge, and the images were evaluated for the presence of any artifacts. After radiography, the PSP plates were removed from the barriers. The barriers and the PSP plates were disinfected and culture performed to assess any microorganism burden. Subsequently, the PSP plates were coated again with all barriers. The barriers were then contaminated and microbiologic specimens were collected. Subsequently, the barriers were wiped with alcohol. The PSP plates were removed, and microbiologic specimens were obtained. RESULTS No artifacts were recorded on the radiographic images on the sensors in any group. Microorganisms were detected on the PSP plates placed in envelopes. No colonization of microorganisms was detected on the vacuum sealed PSP plates. CONCLUSIONS The new vacuum-sealing method may be useful in preventing cross-contamination of PSP plates during radiographic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Peker
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Adil Basman
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Akca
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesut Enes Odabas
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Haciosmanoglu
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Altunkaynak
- Gazi University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Statistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhre Akarslan
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Charuakkra A, Prapayasatok S, Janhom A, Verochana K, Mahasantipiya P. Infection control and patient discomfort with an alternative plastic barrier in intraoral digital radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 46:20160253. [PMID: 27996305 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To compare the efficacy of a commercially available hygienic sheath and an alternative plastic bag in preventing contamination of the imaging plate during intraoral radiography and (2) to compare patient discomfort when using the hygienic sheath and the plastic bag. METHODS 60 sterilized Size 2 imaging plates covered with either the hygienic sheath (n = 30) or the plastic bag (n = 30) were used to simulate digital periapical radiographic examination in 30 volunteer patients. After disinfection, each plate was swabbed. The swabbed medium was then plated on trypticase soy agar and incubated. Bacterial colonies were counted. Patient discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The comparison of the number of bacterial colonies and VAS scores between the two groups was tested by paired t-test at p < 0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial colonies between the two groups (p = 0.745). Of all the plates, 10% plates yielded bacterial colonies. The mean count of bacterial colonies for both groups was 10-20 CFU ml-1. However, there was a significant difference between VAS scores for the two systems (p = 0.000). The mean VAS scores (range 0-10) for patient discomfort for the hygienic sheath group and the plastic bag group were 3.03 and 5.33, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on the design of this study, the alternative barrier provided similar results to those commercially available. Regarding the type of barrier envelope, the hygienic sheath induced less discomfort than the plastic bag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Charuakkra
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sangsom Prapayasatok
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apirum Janhom
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Karune Verochana
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phattaranant Mahasantipiya
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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de Souza TMPA, de Castro RD, de Vasconcelos LC, Pontual ADA, de Moraes Ramos Perez FM, Pontual MLDA. Microbial contamination in intraoral phosphor storage plates: the dilemma. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:301-307. [PMID: 26984823 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate microbial contamination in phosphor storage plates in dental radiology services and discuss the possible origin of this contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised 50 phosphor plates: 14 plates from service A, 30 from service B, and 6 in the control group, consisting of plates never used. Damp sterile swabs were rubbed on the phosphor plates, and then transferred to tests tubes containing sterile saline solution. Serial dilutions were made, and then inoculated in triplicate on Mueller Hinton agar plates and incubated at 37 °C/48 h, before counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The samples were also seeded in brain-heart infusion medium to confirm contamination by turbidity of the culture medium. All solutions, turbid and clean, were seeded in selective and non-selective media. RESULTS At service A and B, 50 and 73.3 % of the phosphor plates were contaminated, respectively. This contamination was mainly due to bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. CFU counts ranged from 26.4 to 80.0 CFU/plate. CONCLUSIONS Most of the phosphor plates evaluated shown to be contaminated, mainly by Staphylococcus ssp. Quantitatively, this contamination occurred at low levels, possibly arising from handling of the plates. The use of a second plastic barrier may have diminished contamination by microorganisms from the oral cavity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a risk of cross-contamination by phosphor storage plates used in dental radiology services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Phonoaudiology Department, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, - Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Laís César de Vasconcelos
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Professor Morais Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Andréa Dos Anjos Pontual
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Dos Anjos Pontual
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Choi JW. Perforation rate of intraoral barriers for direct digital radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 44:20140245. [PMID: 25410788 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20140245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the perforation rate of intraoral barriers for a direct digital sensor according to the barrier application. METHODS Four types of plastic barriers with different thicknesses and one type of latex finger cot were applied using six modified techniques. The perforations in barrier samples of six groups were examined by a water pressure test. The differences in the perforation rates among the six barrier applications were calculated. RESULTS The least perforation occurred in Group 4 (0.08-mm-thick single barrier, 22%) and the most in Group 1 (0.04-mm-thick single barrier, 58%). An ANOVA test revealed statistical differences in the perforation rate among the groups (p = 0.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.326-0.403). CONCLUSIONS The use of double barriers can be helpful in reducing the perforation rate of intraoral barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Yoshida M, Honda E, Notsu M, Maeda N, Hosoki H. Creation of a dental X-ray unit with a contactless exposure control switch. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 43:20130406. [PMID: 24468820 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20130406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new dental radiographic unit (DXRU) with a contactless switch for adjusting exposure conditions and a foot-pedal exposure switch was developed to prevent bacterial or viral contamination from patients and was compared with a conventional DXRU with a panel push-button switch with respect to user friendliness. METHODS 45 fourth-year dental school students carried out intraoral radiography using both types of DXRU. Errors regarding dose shortages of X-rays were compared and a questionnaire completed. RESULTS 22 (49%) of the 45 students failed to provide the correct radiographic exposure and the number of errors was 32 for the conventional DXRU, and 4 (9%) students failed to provide the correct radiographic exposure and the number of errors was 4 for our new DXRU, at the first stage (p < 0.001). At the second stage, the number of students who failed to provide the correct radiographic exposure and the number of errors decreased to 12 and 16, respectively, for the conventional DXRU (p < 0.05). 37 (82%) of the 45 students preferred our DXRU because of its contactless switch and the push-pedal exposure switch. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that our new contactless mechanism should be used for other DXRUs for contamination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Kuperstein AS. Defective plastic infection-control barriers and faulty technique may cause PSP plate contamination used in digital intraoral radiography. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2013; 12:46-7. [PMID: 23253830 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-3382(12)70011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SUBJECTS Fifty-two disinfected photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates in plastic barrier envelopes were evaluated for contamination following placement in 30 study participants. Forty-four plates were acceptable for use in the study. KEY RISK/STUDY FACTOR The risk factor was the abundant oropharyngeal microbial flora and its ability to breach infection-control barrier sheaths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The presence of bacterial colonies on an agar plate was used to determine bacterial contamination and the presence of any growth indicated failure of the barrier envelope. MAIN RESULTS Before clinical placement of the plates, quality review of the PSP plates revealed defects in the integrity of 4 barrier envelopes most likely caused by forceps-related damage or failure to achieve a uniform seal during manufacturing. These defects allowed substantial contamination. Contamination also occurred as a result of failure to extract the PSP plate from the barrier envelope cleanly. Of the 44 barriers with no obvious signs of a defect, 3 produced bacterial growth following culture. CONCLUSIONS The authors concluded that digital sensor sheathed in barrier envelopes remain a potential source of contamination. PSP plates must be disinfected between removal from a contaminated barrier envelope (used in a patient) and placement in a new barrier envelope. In addition, placement into the barrier envelope should ideally be carried out under aseptic conditions. Finally, the integrity of each sealed barrier envelope must be verified visually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Kuperstein
- Oral Diagnosis Clinic and Emergency Care Clinic, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wenzel A, Kornum F, Knudsen M, Lau EF. Antimicrobial efficiency of ethanol and 2-propanol alcohols used on contaminated storage phosphor plates and impact on durability of the plate. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:20120353. [PMID: 23420856 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess (1) antimicrobial efficiency of wiping intraoral phosphor plates with alcohol tissues based on ethanol or 2-propanol alcohols after contamination with Candida albicans and Streptococcus oralis, (2) a concept for autodisinfection with ultraviolet light of the transport ramp in a scanner for phosphor plates and (3) the impact of wiping with alcohol tissues on durability of the plate. METHODS Suspensions of C. albicans and S. oralis were prepared in concentrations of 10(9) and 10(5) organisms per ml, and Digora (Digora(®) Optime Imaging Plate, size 2; Soredex, PalaDEx Group Brenntag Nordic A/S, Hellerup, Denmark) and Vista (VistaScan(®) Imaging Plate PLUS, size 2; Dürr Dental AG, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany) plates were contaminated. The plates were wiped with ethanol or 2-propanol disinfectant tissues and imprints obtained on agar. Number of microbial colonies after culturing was recorded. The scanner ramp was contaminated with C. albicans or S. oralis, respectively, the ultraviolet light (UV light) disinfection in the scanner was activated and the number of colonies after culturing was recorded. Plates from each system were sequentially wiped (5-60 times) with ethanol and 2-propanol, exposed and scanned. 48 images from each system were scored blind: 1 = no artefact, 2 = small artefacts and 3 = severe artefacts. RESULTS Ethanol eliminated C. albicans and S. oralis in high and low concentrations from both types of plates, whereas 2-propanol did not eliminate all micro-organisms at high concentrations. The UV light eliminated all micro-organisms from the ramp. Ethanol degraded the plates to a larger extent than did 2-propanol. Images from Vista plates showed severe artefacts after wiping with ethanol; those from Digora plates did not. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol eliminated all micro-organisms but degraded phosphor plates, whereas 2-propanol did not eliminate all micro-organisms and still degraded plates from Vista but not from Digora.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wenzel
- Section for Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Blvd, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Volpato FC, Pires JR, Martinez IDRDC, Orrico SRP, Costa MPD, Spolidório DMP, Gonçalves A. Prevalence of Candida spp. during radiographic examination in Diabetes mellitus patients. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772013000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: It is suggested that individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to Candida infections than healthy people, especially if periodontal infection is associated. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the prevalence of colonization by Candida spp. during radiographic examination in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 patients without diabetes mellitus, presenting chronic periodontitis and presence of Candida spp. in saliva were evaluated. During radiographic examination, samples of saliva were collected from: oral mucosa, conventional radiographic periapical film, digital x-ray sensor (CDR), and bite block of the receptor-positioning device. Colony forming units (cfu/mL) and identification of Candida yeasts were assessed. RESULT: Oral mucosa from both groups showed the highest colonization with Candida spp. if compared with others surfaces collected (p < 0.05). In diabetic patients, the mucosa of the upper left regions showed higher levels of colonization. In non-diabetic patients, the upper right molar region showed the highest level of colonization during the examination of the receptor-positioning device, the sensor and the non-sensitive film. Candida spp. levels in saliva were similar between diabetics (mean = 3.0 × 10(6)) and non-diabetics (mean = 3.8 × 10(6)). CONCLUSION: No difference in Candida spp. colonization (cfu/mL) in diabetics and non-diabetic patients was observed for the five collected surfaces and the simulated radiographic region. Candida albicans was the prevalent species of Candida spp. found on all the samples.
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Defective Plastic Infection-Control Barriers and Faulty Technique may Cause PSP Plate Contamination Used in Digital Intraoral Radiography. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2012; 12:121-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluates the six most frequently emphasized advantages of working with digital radiography: less working time, lower radiation dose to the patient, fewer retakes and errors, wider dynamic range, easier access to patient information and easier image storage and communication. Moreover, some clinical aspects and possible disadvantages of digital imaging that were not foreseen at the beginning of the digital era, such as patient discomfort, damage to the receptor, degradation of the image, cross-contamination and viewing conditions, were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature search used the PubMed database with no limits and was performed during June to August 2009. Search strategies are described in the text for each of the mentioned tasks. A hand search of task-specific journals supplemented the search strategies. RESULTS Time seems to be saved when switching from film to digital imaging in dental practice, a dose reduction may not be obtained, retakes and errors may be increased, the dynamic range may be wider with photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP) plates but not with sensors, the effect on patient information has not been well studied and storage and communication create new challenges with regard to handling large files and image compression. In addition, patient discomfort seems to be pronounced with sensors compared with PSP plates and film, the PSP plate may be scratched in clinical use and a two-layer barrier seems to be needed to prevent contamination of the receptor. The type of monitor may not be of major concern if the image is viewed in a room with subdued light. CONCLUSIONS Not all of the predicted advantages with digital compared to film-based radiography hold true in daily clinical work. Of particular interest is the relationship between number of images, retakes and the dose given to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Wenzel
- Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Chan DCN, Kious A. A simple method of preventing hypersensitivity in contra-lateral teeth during restorative procedures. Oper Dent 2008; 33:106-7. [PMID: 18335740 DOI: 10.2341/07-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C N Chan
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
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