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Sodnom-Ish B, Eo MY, Myoung H, Lee JH, Kim SM. Next generation sequencing-based salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 48:3-12. [PMID: 35221302 PMCID: PMC8890960 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of potential disease-specific biomarkers from saliva or epithelial tissues through next generation sequencing (NGS)-based protein studies has recently become possible. The early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been difficult, if not impossible, until now due to the lack of an effective OSCC biomarker and efficient molecular validation method. The aim of this study was to summarize the advances in the application of NGS in cancer research and to propose potential proteomic and genomic saliva biomarkers for NGS-based study in OSCC screening and diagnosis programs. We have reviewed four categories including definitions and use of NGS, salivary biomarkers and OSCC, current biomarkers using the NGS-based technique, and potential salivary biomarker candidates in OSCC using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Fadhil RS, Wei MQ, Nikolarakos D, Good D, Nair RG. Salivary microRNA miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 could be used as potential diagnostic bio-markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221779. [PMID: 32208417 PMCID: PMC7092992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-protein-coding RNAs that have significant biological and pathological functions. The importance of miRNAs as potential cancer diagnostic biomarkers is gaining attention due to their influence in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to identify significant miRNAs from saliva as potential diagnostic biomarkers in the early diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-7703, miR- let-7a-5p, miR- 345-5p, miR- 3928 and miR- 1470) were selected from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) miRNA data generated from our previous study using saliva of 12 HNSCC patients and 12 healthy controls. Their differential expressed miRNAs were subsequently validated by RT-qPCR using saliva samples from healthy controls (n = 80) and HNSCC patients (n = 150). Total RNA was isolated from 150 saliva samples of HNSCC patients and was transcripted into cDNA by TaqMan MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit. Using quantitative RT-PCR analysis, salivary miRNAs were identified in HNSCC patients (n = 150) and healthy controlled cases (n = 80). T-tests were used to compare the differences among the various clinical variants. RESULTS On average 160 ng/μl was isolated from 500 μl of saliva. Overall, a good correlation observed between the HNSCC and some of miRNAs expression levels. Salivary miR-let-7a-5p (P<0.0001) and miR-3928 (P< 0.01) were significantly down regulated in saliva of HNSCC patients relative to age and sex-matched healthy controls. A number of salivary miRNAs (miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928) were correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003, p = 0.049) and tumour size (p = 0.01, p = 0.02), respectively. However, our preliminary analysis showed no significant differences in salivary miR-1470, miR-345-5p or miR-7703 expression between patients and healthy controls. Most notably, our analysis showed that salivary miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 expression levels have significant sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between patients with HNSCC and healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study concluded that salivary miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 has the potential to be novel non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushdi S. Fadhil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (RGN); (MQW)
| | - Dimitrios Nikolarakos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queensland Health, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Good
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raj G. Nair
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Oral Oncology, Haematology and Oncology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (RGN); (MQW)
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Wactawski-Wende J, LaMonte MJ, Hovey K, Banack H. The Buffalo OsteoPerio Studies: Summary of our findings and the unique contributions of Robert J. Genco, DDS, PhD. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 7:29-36. [PMID: 35591981 PMCID: PMC9116690 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-020-00257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Robert ("Bob") Genco was a member of the research team that established the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study. Here we detail the scientific discoveries emanating from this enduring collaboration. STUDY COHORTS OsteoPerio is ancillary to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). WHI-OS is a longitudinal study of 93,000 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 enrolled at 40 U.S. centers (enrolled 1993-1998). OsteoPerio enrolled 1342 women 3 years later (1997-2001) from the Buffalo WHI-OS participants to study the association of osteoporosis and periodontal disease. OsteoPerio has 5-year (N=1026) and 17-year (N=518) follow-up examinations. PARTICIPANTS In addition to information on health status from the WHI-OS, OsteoPerio further included comprehensive oral examinations assessing probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding, alveolar crestal height, and DMFT. Systemic bone density (measured by DXA), blood, saliva and plaque also were collected at all three visits. SUMMARY Findings from these studies are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Kathy Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Hailey Banack
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
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Attlee A, Hasan H, AlQattan A, Sarhan N, Alshammari R, Ali S, Nabil M, Alattrash A, Raigangar V, Madkour M, Unnikannan H, Awadallah S. Relationship of salivary adipocytokines, diet quality, physical activity, and nutrition status in adult Emirati females in United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:40-46. [PMID: 30641732 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The United Arab Emirates (UAE) ranks as the fifth most obese country with increasing cardio-metabolic risks. In this paper, relationships of salivary adipocytokines (markers of cardio-metabolic syndrome), diet quality and physical activity in 90 normal-weight, overweight and obese (30 subjects in each group) Emirati adult females were investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Anthropometric measurements, diet quality and physical activity questionnaires were administered. Overnight fasting saliva was collected to determine levels of adiponectin, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS Salivary adiponectin was significantly lower, while TNF-α was higher in obese than normal-weight subjects. IL-10 displayed a lower trend in obese subjects. Though diet quality and physical activity did not exhibit significant differences among the three groups, better diet quality and higher physical activity level were reported among normal-weight subjects. Salivary TNF-α correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.37; p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.31; p < 0.001), while adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI (r = -0.28; p < 0.05). IL-10 showed negative trend in correlation with obesity measures. Correlations were not observed between diet quality and physical activity with salivary adipocytokines. Interestingly, a significant negative correlation emerged between diet quality and neck circumference (r = -0.24; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that salivary adipocytokines correlate with obesity measures and can serve as convenient adjunct method in predicting cardio-metabolic risks in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Attlee
- Nutrition and Health Department, College of Food and Agriculture, University Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Afra AlQattan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nada Sarhan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Razan Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shaikha Ali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maryam Nabil
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Alaa Alattrash
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Veena Raigangar
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2018; 90:788-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Paşalı
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Section of Molecular BiologyDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science and LettersCelal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsFaculty of MedicineEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
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Abstract
Orofacial growth and development is a complex process spanning the life course. This article provides an oral health overview in the context of overall growth, physical and social development from infancy through adolescence. It reviews oral health-specific developmental milestones during childhood (0-12 years) and adolescence (≥13 years). It examines issues particular to each age category or spanning multiple ages (eg, pediatric overweight and obesity, tobacco use, and dental trauma) in relation to oral health and development. In addition, the oral microbiome and its potential role in informing personalized oral health care across the life course is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna T Pahel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4501B Koury Oral Health Sciences Building, CB# 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA; Private Practice: Village Family Dental, 510 Hickory Ridge Drive, Suite 101, Greensboro, NC 27409-9779, USA.
| | - Anne Rowan-Legg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Division of Pediatric Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Rocio B Quinonez
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Academic Affairs, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1611 Koury Oral Health Sciences Building, CB# 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
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Dagdeviren D, Beallias J, Khan I, Mednieks MI, Hand AR. Response of the mouse sublingual gland to spaceflight. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:373-381. [PMID: 29984852 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of secretory proteins of sublingual glands were studied in mice flown on the US space shuttles Discovery [Space Transportation System (STS)-131] and Atlantis (STS-135). No differences in mucous acinar or serous demilune cell structure were observed between sublingual glands of ground (control) and flight mice. In contrast, previous studies showed autophagy and apoptosis of parotid serous acinar cells in flight mice. The expression of parotid secretory protein (PSP) in sublingual demilune cells of STS-131 flight mice was significantly increased compared with ground (control) mice but decreased in STS-135 flight mice. Similarly, expression of mucin (MUC-19) in acinar cells and expression of the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-RII) in demilune cells were increased in STS-131 flight mice and decreased in STS-135 flight mice, but not significantly. Demilune cell and parotid protein (DCPP) was slightly decreased in mice from both flights, and nuclear PKA-RII was slightly increased. These results indicate that the response of salivary glands to spaceflight conditions varies among the different glands, cell types, and secretory proteins. Additionally, the spaceflight environment, including the effects of microgravity, modifies protein expression. Determining changes in salivary proteins may lead to development of non-invasive methods to assess the physiological status of astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Dagdeviren
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Beallias
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Izaz Khan
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Maija I Mednieks
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Arthur R Hand
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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Kim SH, Lee SY, Lee YM, Lee YK. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for dental diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 36:18-22. [PMID: 26684491 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdj.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that act as key regulators of diverse biological processes by mediating translational repression or mRNA degradation of target genes. Recent studies discovered miRNAs in saliva, and these miRNAs are promising candidates for use as biomarkers of dental diseases. In this review, the results of miRNA studies in the dental field are presented, and a brief overview of the current progress, limitations, and perspectives regarding miRNA biomarkers for dental diseases is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Smart Healthcare, Samsung SDS Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyoo Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 138-736 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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A novel saliva-based microRNA biomarker panel to detect head and neck cancers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:331-8. [PMID: 25156495 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in cancer development by post-transcriptionally affecting the expression of critical genes. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to develop a robust method to isolate miRNAs from small volumes of saliva and (ii) to develop a panel of saliva-based diagnostic biomarkers for the detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Five differentially expressed miRNAs were selected from miScript™ miRNA microarray data generated using saliva from five HNSCC patients and five healthy controls. Their differential expression was subsequently confirmed by RT-qPCR using saliva samples from healthy controls (n = 56) and HNSCC patients (n = 56). These samples were divided into two different cohorts, i.e., a first confirmatory cohort (n = 21) and a second independent validation cohort (n = 35), to narrow down the miRNA diagnostic panel to three miRNAs: miR-9, miR-134 and miR-191. This diagnostic panel was independently validated using HNSCC miRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), encompassing 334 tumours and 39 adjacent normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capacity of the panel. RESULTS On average 60 ng/μL miRNA was isolated from 200 μL of saliva. Overall a good correlation was observed between the microarray data and the RT-qPCR data. We found that miR-9 (P <0.0001), miR-134 (P <0.0001) and miR-191 (P <0.001) were differentially expressed between saliva from HNSCC patients and healthy controls, and that these miRNAs provided a good discriminative capacity with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.85 (P <0.0001), 0.74 (P < 0.001) and 0.98 (P < 0.0001), respectively. In addition, we found that the salivary miRNA data showed a good correlation with the TCGA miRNA data, thereby providing an independent validation. CONCLUSIONS We show that we have developed a reliable method to isolate miRNAs from small volumes of saliva, and that the saliva-derived miRNAs miR-9, miR-134 and miR-191 may serve as novel biomarkers to reliably detect HNSCC.
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D’Ercole S, Martinelli D, Tripodi D. Influence of sport mouthguards on the ecological factors of the children oral cavity. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:97. [PMID: 25091394 PMCID: PMC4146445 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of fixed and/or removable dental devices is an attributable factor that may affect the oral cavity homeostasis. The aim of this study was to monitor the oral environmental changes caused by dental devices, as sports mouthguards with the aid of a chair-side test. METHODS Sixty children with sports-mouthguards were analyzed at baseline (T0), after 6 months of dental devices use (T1), after a year (T2) and after almost 6 months without using it (T3). At T0, a clinical monitoring was performed and the DMFT index was recorded. At each time of observation, the following parameters were recorded: FMPS, FMBS, unstimulated-flow rate, saliva consistency, resting pH, stimulated saliva, buffer capacity, the CFU/ml of Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS In 60 subjects, mean age 9.9 ± 1.2, mean value of DMFT 1.55 ± 1.29,dmf-t 3.43 ± 1.21, FMPS and FMBS values increased significantly at T2. The values of unstimulated flow rate vary significantly within the observation times. The pH value and the buffering capacity reduced significantly at T2. The tests for the detection of S. mutans were negative in all the subjects in several observation times. All patients regularly used fluoridated toothpaste and comply with normal standards of oral hygiene; but over time the patients lost their initial motivation. CONCLUSIONS Sport treatment with dental devices dues to changes in oral ecological factors: increases FMPS, FMBS and reduces the buffering capacity and the salivary pH. The use of removable devices increases the retentive plaque surfaces and inhibits the protective effect of saliva.The so-called "chair-side" tests were able to easily monitor patients and to determine the risk of oral disease during sport treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Departments of Sperimental and Clinical Sciences, Dental School, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Sperimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti- Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Departments of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Departments of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101706. [PMID: 25025218 PMCID: PMC4098915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have combined new, unpublished data with published data comparing salivary glucose levels in type 2 DM patients and controls and/or looked at the correlation between salivary glucose and glycemia/HbA1c to systematically review the effectiveness of salivary glucose to estimate glycemia and HbA1c. We further discuss salivary glucose as a biomarker for large-scale screening of diabetes or developing type 2 DM. Methods and Findings We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed published articles that reported data regarding mean salivary glucose levels and/or correlation between salivary glucose levels and glycemia or HbA1c for type 2 DM and non-diabetic individuals and combined them with our own unpublished results. Our global meta-analysis of standardized mean differences on salivary glucose levels shows an overall large positive effect of type 2 DM over salivary glucose (Hedge's g = 1.37). The global correlation coefficient (r) between salivary glucose and glycemia was large (r = 0.49), with subgroups ranging from medium (r = 0.30 in non-diabetics) to very large (r = 0.67 in diabetics). Meta-analysis of the global correlation between salivary glucose and HbA1c showed an overall association of medium strength (r = 0.37). Conclusions Our systematic review reports an overall meaningful salivary glucose concentration increase in type 2 DM and a significant overall relationship between salivary glucose concentration and associated glycemia/HbA1c values, with the strength of the correlation increasing for higher glycemia/HbA1c values. These results support the potential of salivary glucose levels as a biomarker for type 2 DM, providing a less painful/invasive method for screening type 2 DM, as well as for monitoring blood glucose levels in large cohorts of DM patients.
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Taylor JJ. Protein biomarkers of periodontitis in saliva. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2014; 2014:593151. [PMID: 24944840 PMCID: PMC4040190 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tissues that surround and support the teeth and is initiated by inappropriate and excessive immune responses to bacteria in subgingival dental plaque leading to loss of the integrity of the periodontium, compromised tooth function, and eventually tooth loss. Periodontitis is an economically important disease as it is time-consuming and expensive to treat. Periodontitis has a worldwide prevalence of 5-15% and the prevalence of severe disease in western populations has increased in recent decades. Furthermore, periodontitis is more common in smokers, in obesity, in people with diabetes, and in heart disease patients although the pathogenic processes underpinning these links are, as yet, poorly understood. Diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis rely on traditional clinical examinations which are inadequate to predict patient susceptibility, disease activity, and response to treatment. Studies of the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis and analysis of mediators in saliva have allowed the identification of many potentially useful biomarkers. Convenient measurement of these biomarkers using chairside analytical devices could form the basis for diagnostic tests which will aid the clinician and the patient in periodontitis management; this review will summarise this field and will identify the experimental, technical, and clinical issues that remain to be addressed before such tests can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Taylor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine & Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
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