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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Fernández Berdasco K, Fernández Díaz L, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Calvo Blanco J, Burgueño Montanés C. Unilateral exophthalmos secondary to esophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis to the medial rectus muscle. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2019; 94:510-513. [PMID: 31387759 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case is presented on a 51 year-old man with stage IV oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred by the Oncology Department urgently for a same-day assessment by an ophthalmologist due to two weeks of severe unilateral exophthalmos and binocular diplopia. A comprehensive eye exam revealed the presence of an axial non-reductive exophthalmos and a limitation in left eye levoduction. A computed tomography scan was performed that showed a multiple lobed, intra-and extra-conal, heterogeneous left orbital mass, that surrounded the internal rectus muscle, compatible with metastasis, as well as another small extraconal mass at the base of the contralateral orbit. Palliative radiotherapy was then indicated. Metastases in the extraocular muscles are a very rare finding, but should be suspected in a case of unilateral exophthalmos and, if necessary, refer the patient to have the corresponding complementary tests performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fernández Berdasco
- Sección de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
| | - L Fernández Díaz
- Sección de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - P Jiménez-Fonseca
- Sección de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - J Calvo Blanco
- Sección de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - C Burgueño Montanés
- Sección de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
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Hu H, Wang J, Zhou XY, Tong MT, Zhai CY, Sui XB, Zhang YH, Xie XX, Liu H, Xie JS, Pan HM, Li D. Maxillary Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer: Report of the First Case and Literature Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 21:801-805. [PMID: 30605052 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190103105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive system tumor, characterized by high invasion, apparent lethality, and poor prognosis. Direct diffusion is the major metastatic mechanism of early EC, whereas advanced EC is spread mainly by lymphatic metastasis, but also can be transferred to the liver, lungs, bones, and so on, by hematogenous metastasis. The incidence of bone metastasis in esophageal cancer is low, and maxillary metastasis of EC is more rare. OBJECTIVE To explore the differential diagnosis in ECMM, the rare metastasis of EC, and the possible mechanisms and predictors of bone metastasis. METHODS The clinical materials of a male patient with maxillary metastasis of esophageal cancer (ECMM) were analyzed. Then, the possible mechanism of the ECMM was discussed. CONCLUSION ECMM may belong to the hematogenous metastasis. The early detection of rare sites of metastasis of EC should be prioritized in tumor marker detection, imaging, pathology, and other diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiasha Campus of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiasha Campus of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong-Ya Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiasha Campus of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Bing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiasha Campus of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Ming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
A 74-year-old man presenting with proptosis and orbital inflammation was found on magnetic resonance imaging to have a unilateral intraconal mass. Biopsy revealed a high-grade malignant tumor that was interpreted as squamous cell carcinoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging subsequently identified a primary lesion in the esophagus. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cause of orbital metastasis, with only 4 previously reported cases. The authors discuss an approach to orbital malignancies of obscure origin.
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Solitary Orbital Metastasis in Carcinoma Esophagus: Findings on Serial 18F-FDG PET/CT Scans. Clin Nucl Med 2017; 43:19-22. [PMID: 29135612 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orbital metastasis is an uncommon and atypical presentation of recurrent esophageal cancer that has been only seldom reported in literature. F-FDG PET/CT is routinely performed for staging and response assessment in patients with esophageal carcinoma. This case demonstrates use of follow-up FDG PET/CT scans in characterizing solitary metastatic disease in orbit and in evaluating response to therapy. It also highlights a key teaching point that postradiation-related inflammatory/infective changes may interfere in accurate assessment of PET/CT scan; however, frequently used clinical and radiological correlation may not be entirely sufficient to rule out pathological involvement.
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Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:1657310. [PMID: 28659974 PMCID: PMC5474273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1657310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and management. Using the PubMed database, a systematic search of the following headings “Esophageal” and “Metastasis” or “Metastases” was performed, 10049 articles were identified, and the articles were included if they demonstrated unexpected ECM. 84% of cases were men with an average age of 60.7 years. EC was located in the lower third in 65%. Two-thirds of the UM originated from the lower esophagus, and the two major histological types were adenocarcinoma 40% and squamous cell carcinoma 60%. Metastases were disseminated toward five main anatomical sites: the head and neck (42%), thoracic (17%), abdomen and pelvis (25%), extremities (9%), and multiple skin and muscle metastases (7%). The EC metastases were found to be synchronous 42% and metachronous 58%, isolated in 53.5% and multiple in 46.5%. The overall survival rate was 10.2 months. Since distant metastases are responsible for most EC-related deaths, understanding of ECM dissemination patterns needs more extensive studies. These critical data are the cornerstone of optimal cancer approach and treatment.
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