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Peng T, Yi X, Lin Y, Dong X, Zhang P, Qiao Z, Li L. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): the clinical value based on MRI-PDFF in children with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:605-612. [PMID: 38723170 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive and quantitative method to evaluate hepatic steatosis, which is not well evaluated in children. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of CAP for hepatic steatosis in children with obesity based on MR proton density fat fraction (PDFF). METHODS About 108 pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who were assessed for PDFF, CAP, and other laboratory results were enrolled. In this study, pediatric patients were separated for the obese group (n=80) and the severe obese group (n=28). Hepatic steatosis grades (0-3) were classified according to PDFF using cutoff values of 6.4 , 17.4, and 22.1 %. RESULTS There are significant differences in CAP between the obese and severe obese groups (p<0.05). CAP showed a good correlation with PDFF in pediatric patients with NAFLD for diagnosing hepatic steatosis using a cutoff value of 265 dB/m (p<0.001). Meanwhile, ALT significantly outperforms CAP in receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis for diagnosing hepatic steatosis grades. The diagnostic accuracy of CAP for steatosis is 77.8 %, and the diagnostic accuracy of ALT for steatosis is 83.3 %. CONCLUSIONS While CAP holds promise as a diagnostic tool for pediatric NAFLD, its diagnostic performance warrants some caution. The potential of CAP is evident; however, ALT emerges as a simpler and more accurate measure for detecting hepatic steatosis in children. Further research is essential to determine the optimal role of CAP in pediatric NAFLD diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Peng
- 26494 Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolian Yi
- 26494 Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lin
- 26494 Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Dong
- 26494 Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- 26494 Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Qiao
- 117836 Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Medics, 26494 Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Feng Y, Xu W, Tang S, Ye Z, Fang P, Abdullah G, Yang H, Kong D, Huang H, Wang Y, Xuan M, Zhou Y, Xue Y. Inflammation, nutrition, and biological aging: The prognostic role of Naples prognostic score in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111749. [PMID: 38906332 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) for predicting mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and compare its performance with established non-invasive fibrosis scores, including the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). METHODS Data from 10,035 NAFLD patients identified within the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Cox regression models assessed the association between NPS and all-cause mortality, while time-dependent ROC analysis compared its predictive accuracy with FIB-4 and NFS. Mediation analysis explored the role of phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). RESULTS NPS was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, with each point increase corresponding to a 26 % increased risk (HR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.19-1.34). NPS demonstrated comparable predictive performance to FIB-4 and NFS, with further improvement when combined with either score (HRs of 2.03 and 2.11 for NPS + FIB-4 and NPS + NFS, respectively). PhenoAgeAccel mediated 31.5 % of the effect of NPS on mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study found that NPS has the potential to be an independent, cost-effective, and reliable novel prognostic indicator for NAFLD that may complement existing tools and help improve risk stratification and management strategies for NAFLD, thereby preventing adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Sijing Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqin Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Guzalnur Abdullah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Dehong Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Hemin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China.
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Kamada Y, Nakamura T, Isobe S, Hosono K, Suama Y, Ohtakaki Y, Nauchi A, Yasuda N, Mitsuta S, Miura K, Yamamoto T, Hosono T, Yoshida A, Kawanishi I, Fukushima H, Kinoshita M, Umeda A, Kinoshita Y, Fukami K, Miyawaki T, Fujii H, Yoshida Y, Kawanaka M, Hyogo H, Morishita A, Hayashi H, Tobita H, Tomita K, Ikegami T, Takahashi H, Yoneda M, Jun DW, Sumida Y, Okanoue T, Nakajima A. SWOT analysis of noninvasive tests for diagnosing NAFLD with severe fibrosis: an expert review by the JANIT Forum. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:79-97. [PMID: 36469127 PMCID: PMC9735102 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the prognosis of NAFLD/NASH has been reported to be dependent on liver fibrosis degree. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard, but it has several issues that must be addressed, including its invasiveness, cost, and inter-observer diagnosis variability. To solve these issues, a variety of noninvasive tests (NITs) have been in development for the assessment of NAFLD progression, including blood biomarkers and imaging methods, although the use of NITs varies around the world. The aim of the Japan NASH NIT (JANIT) Forum organized in 2020 is to advance the development of various NITs to assess disease severity and/or response to treatment in NAFLD patients from a scientific perspective through multi-stakeholder dialogue with open innovation, including clinicians with expertise in NAFLD/NASH, companies that develop medical devices and biomarkers, and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to conventional NITs, artificial intelligence will soon be deployed in many areas of the NAFLD landscape. To discuss the characteristics of each NIT, we conducted a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis in this study with the 36 JANIT Forum members (16 physicians and 20 company representatives). Based on this SWOT analysis, the JANIT Forum identified currently available NITs able to accurately select NAFLD patients at high risk of NASH for HCC surveillance/therapeutic intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Medicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., 2-1-1, Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-6017 Japan
| | - Satoko Isobe
- FibroScan Division, Integral Corporation, 2-25-2, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-0021 Japan
| | - Kumiko Hosono
- Immunology, Hepatology & Dermatology Medical Franchise Dept., Medical Division, Novartis Pharma K.K., 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-6333 Japan
| | - Yukiko Suama
- Medical Information Services, Institute of Immunology Co., Ltd., 1-1-10, Koraku, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-0004 Japan
| | - Yukie Ohtakaki
- Product Development 1St Group, Product Development Dept., Fujirebio Inc., 2-1-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 163-0410 Japan
| | - Arihito Nauchi
- Academic Department, GE Healthcare Japan, 4-7-127, Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8503 Japan
| | - Naoto Yasuda
- Ultrasound Business Area, Siemens Healthcare KK, 1-11-1, Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-8644 Japan
| | - Soh Mitsuta
- FibroScan Division, Integral Corporation, 2-25-2, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-0021 Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Takuma Yamamoto
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes, Product Marketing Department, Kowa Company, Ltd., 3-4-10, Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-0023 Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hosono
- Clinical Development & Operations Japan, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., 2-1-1, Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-6017 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Medical Affairs Department, Kowa Company, Ltd., 3-4-14, Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8433 Japan
| | - Ippei Kawanishi
- R&D Planning Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., 2-1-1, Irifune, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0042 Japan
| | - Hideaki Fukushima
- Diagnostics Business Area, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics KK, 1-11-1, Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-8673 Japan
| | - Masao Kinoshita
- Marketing Dep. H.U. Frontier, Inc., Shinjuku Mitsui Building, 2-1-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 163-0408 Japan
| | - Atsushi Umeda
- Clinical Development Dept, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., 2-1-1, Irifune, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0042 Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Global Drug Development Division, Novartis Pharma KK, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-6333 Japan
| | - Kana Fukami
- 2Nd Product Planning Dept, 2Nd Product Planning Division, Fujirebio Inc, 2-1-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 163-0410 Japan
| | - Toshio Miyawaki
- Medical Information Services, Institute of Immunology Co., Ltd., 1-1-10, Koraku, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-0004 Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Departments of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, 5-7, Kishibe Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8567 Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine2, Kawasaki Medical School, Kawasaki Medical Center, 2-6-1, Nakasange, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8505 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima Kouseiren General Hospital, 1-3-3, Jigozen, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-8503 Japan ,Hyogo Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, 6-34-1, Enkobashi-Cho, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 732-0823 Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Oaza Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1, Kashima-Cho, Gifu, Gifu 500-8513 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-Cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami-Machi, Inashiki-Gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, Saga 849-8501 Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 21 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, 1-2, Kawazono-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0013 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
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Roeb E, Canbay A, Bantel H, Bojunga J, de Laffolie J, Demir M, Denzer UW, Geier A, Hofmann WP, Hudert C, Karlas T, Krawczyk M, Longerich T, Luedde T, Roden M, Schattenberg J, Sterneck M, Tannapfel A, Lorenz P, Tacke F. Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – April 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–025. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:1346-1421. [PMID: 36100202 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Roeb
- Gastroenterologie, Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A Canbay
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - H Bantel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Deutschland
| | - J Bojunga
- Medizinische Klinik I Gastroent., Hepat., Pneum., Endokrin., Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - J de Laffolie
- Allgemeinpädiatrie und Neonatologie, Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - M Demir
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - U W Denzer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - A Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Schwerpunkt Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - W P Hofmann
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz - Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Hudert
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m. S. Gastroenterologie, Nephrologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - T Karlas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - M Krawczyk
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroent., Hepat., Endokrin., Diabet., Ern.med., Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - T Longerich
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Luedde
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Roden
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schattenberg
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - M Sterneck
- Klinik für Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - P Lorenz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Tacke
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
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Updated S2k Clinical Practice Guideline on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) issued by the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) - April 2022 - AWMF Registration No.: 021-025. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:e733-e801. [PMID: 36100201 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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John K, Franck M, Al Aoua S, Rau M, Huber Y, Schattenberg JM, Geier A, Bahr MJ, Wedemeyer H, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. Non-Invasive Detection of Fibrotic NASH in NAFLD Patients with Low or Intermediate FIB-4. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154394. [PMID: 35956017 PMCID: PMC9369177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis are the main prognostic factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The FIB-4 score has been suggested as an initial test for the exclusion of progressed fibrosis. However, increasing evidence suggests that also NASH patients with earlier fibrosis stages are at risk of disease progression, emphasizing the need for improved non-invasive risk stratification. Methods: We evaluated whether the apoptosis biomarker M30 can identify patients with fibrotic NASH despite low or intermediate FIB-4 values. Serum M30 levels were assessed by ELISA, and FIB-4 was calculated in an exploration (n = 103) and validation (n = 100) cohort of patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD. Results: The majority of patients with low FIB-4 (cut-off value < 1.3) in the exploration cohort revealed increased M30 levels (>200 U/L) and more than 80% of them had NASH, mostly with fibrosis. NASH was also detected in all patients with intermediate FIB-4 (1.3 to 2.67) and elevated M30, from which ~80% showed fibrosis. Importantly, in the absence of elevated M30, most patients with FIB-4 < 1.3 and NASH showed also no fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Conclusions: The combination of FIB-4 with M30 enables a more reliable identification of patients at risk for progressed NAFLD and might, therefore, improve patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.J.); (M.F.); (S.A.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Martin Franck
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.J.); (M.F.); (S.A.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Sherin Al Aoua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.J.); (M.F.); (S.A.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Yvonne Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.H.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Joern M. Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.H.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthias J. Bahr
- Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.J.); (M.F.); (S.A.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.J.); (M.F.); (S.A.A.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-9514; Fax: +49-511-532-6998
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Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention is associated with improvements in liver damage and in surrogate scores of NAFLD and liver fibrosis in morbidly obese patients. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2725-2735. [PMID: 35277756 PMCID: PMC9279260 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Particularly morbidly obese patients are at risk of developing progressive liver disease. Nutritional and lifestyle intervention is recommended as the standard of care in NAFLD. However, there is a striking lack of evidence to support the efficacy of lifestyle intervention to treat NAFLD in morbidly obese patients. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of lifestyle intervention on NAFLD in the morbidly obese in a real-world setting. Methods 136 obese patients were included in an industry-independent, multiprofessional lifestyle intervention program with a lead-in phase of 12 weeks of formula diet and a total of 48 weeks intensive counselling. Body weight and markers of the metabolic syndrome were analyzed. Presence of NAFLD was screened for by use of non-invasive markers of fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Results Weight loss goals (i.e. > 5% or > 10% of initial body weight, respectively, depending on baseline BMI) were achieved in 89.7% of subjects in the intention-to-treat analysis and 93.9% in the per-protocol analysis. This was associated with a pronounced improvement in serum ALT values. The percentage of subjects who fulfilled non-invasive criteria for fatty liver dropped from 95.2 to 54.8%. Risk of NASH improved and the number of patients at risk of liver fibrosis declined by 54.1%. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention was associated with a marked improvement of serum ALT and an improvement of surrogate scores indicative of NAFLD and, importantly, advanced fibrosis, in a real-world cohort of morbidly obese patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02846-7.
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Segura-Azuara NDLÁ, Varela-Chinchilla CD, Trinidad-Calderón PA. MAFLD/NAFLD Biopsy-Free Scoring Systems for Hepatic Steatosis, NASH, and Fibrosis Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:774079. [PMID: 35096868 PMCID: PMC8792949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide. Historically, its diagnosis required biopsy, even though the procedure has a variable degree of error. Therefore, new non-invasive strategies are needed. Consequently, this article presents a thorough review of biopsy-free scoring systems proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD. Similarly, it compares the severity of the disease, ranging from hepatic steatosis (HS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, by contrasting the corresponding serum markers, clinical associations, and performance metrics of these biopsy-free scoring systems. In this regard, defining MAFLD in conjunction with non-invasive tests can accurately identify patients with fatty liver at risk of fibrosis and its complications. Nonetheless, several biopsy-free scoring systems have been assessed only in certain cohorts; thus, further validation studies in different populations are required, with adjustment for variables, such as body mass index (BMI), clinical settings, concomitant diseases, and ethnic backgrounds. Hence, comprehensive studies on the effects of age, morbid obesity, and prevalence of MAFLD and advanced fibrosis in the target population are required. Nevertheless, the current clinical practice is urged to incorporate biopsy-free scoring systems that demonstrate adequate performance metrics for the accurate detection of patients with MAFLD and underlying conditions or those with contraindications of biopsy.
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Lemmer P, Selbach N, Baars T, Porsch-Özcürümez M, Heider D, Canbay A, Sowa JP. Transaminase Concentrations Cannot Separate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Morbidly Obese Patients Irrespective of Histological Algorithm. Dig Dis 2021; 40:644-653. [PMID: 34469884 DOI: 10.1159/000519317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In current general practice, elevated serum concentrations of liver enzymes are still regarded as an indicator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we analyzed if an adjustment of the upper limit of normal (ULN) for serum liver enzymes can improve their diagnostic accuracy. METHODS Data from 363 morbidly obese patients (42.5 ± 10.3 years old; mean BMI: 52 ± 8.5 kg/m2), who underwent bariatric surgery, was retrospectively analyzed. NAFL and NASH were defined histologically according to non-alcoholic fatty liver activity score (NAS) and according to steatosis activity fibrosis (SAF) score for 2 separate analyses, respectively. RESULTS In 121 women (45%) and 45 men (46%), elevated values for at least one serum parameter (ALT, AST, γGT) were present. The serum concentrations of ALT (p < 0.0001), AST (p < 0.0001) and γGT (p = 0.0023) differed significantly between NAFL and NASH, irrespective of the applied histological classification method. Concentrations of all 3 serum parameters correlated significantly positively with the NAS and the SAF score, with correlation coefficients between 0.33 (ALT/NAS) and 0.40 (γGT/SAF). The area under the curves to separate NAFL and NASH by liver enzymes achieved a maximum of 0.70 (ALT applied to NAS-based classification). For 95% specificity, the ULN for ALT would be 47.5 U/L; for 95% sensitivity, the ULN for ALT would be 17.5 U/L, resulting in 62% uncategorized patients. CONCLUSION ALT, AST, and γGT are unsuitable for non-invasive screening or diagnosis of NAFL or NASH. Utilizing liver enzymes as an indicator for NAFLD or NASH should generally be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lemmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicole Selbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Theodor Baars
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mustafa Porsch-Özcürümez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Labenz C, Kostev K, Armandi A, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Impact of thyroid disorders on the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:829-836. [PMID: 34288580 PMCID: PMC8435260 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating a potential association between hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showed conflicting results and large-scale population-based data from Germany on this topic are currently missing. OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this analysis to investigate the impact of thyroid gland disorders on the prevalence of NAFLD in Germany. METHODS In this case-control study, using the German disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), NAFLD patients were matched to patients without NAFLD by age, sex, index year, treating physician, diabetes mellitus type II, and obesity. The main outcome of the study was an association between thyroid gland disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis) and incident NAFLD and was evaluated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS 57,483 patients with NAFLD were matched to 57,483 patients without liver disease. Mean age of the cohort was 60.3 years (±14.1) and 52.3% were men. In regression analyses, hypothyroidism (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 - 1.24, p < 0.001) as well as autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.35-1.73, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. In contrast, hyperthyroidism was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.94, p < 0.001). The effect of hypothyroidism on the prevalence of NAFLD remained significant across men (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.48) as well as women (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.21). CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism seems to be a risk factor for incident NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Labenz
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Metabolic Liver Research ProgramUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Metabolic Liver Research ProgramUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Department of Medical SciencesDivision of GastroenterologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
- Metabolic Liver Research ProgramUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
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Serum thymidine kinase 1 protein concentration for predicting early progression and monitoring the response to TACE in hepatocellular carcinomas: a network meta-analysis. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO717. [PMID: 34258026 PMCID: PMC8256325 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of serum thymidine kinase 1 protein concentration (STK1p) in distinguishing between hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and non-HCC for predicting early progression and monitoring the response to transarterial chemoembolization in HCC. Materials & methods: A total of 24 eligible studies were included, containing 1849 HCC patients and 1069 healthy subjects. Results: The STK1p level significantly increased from normal controls to benign/pre-HCC and HCC (p < 0.0001). STK1p also increased significantly in sub-malignant groups: control being the lowest, followed consecutively by hepatic hemangioma, hepatitis B virus infection and hepatic cirrhosis (p < 0.05). After 1 month of transarterial chemoembolization treatment, STK1p level declined significantly, by 44.4% (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: STK1p is a useful prognostic biomarker in HCC. There is a need for reliable prognostic biomarkers in liver cancer, to support therapy efforts. In this study we investigated if thymidine kinase 1 in blood could be used to discover patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and show the results of their treatment. The results are based on 1847 hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 1069 healthy people. We conclude that serum thymidine kinase 1 protein concentration is a reliable biomarker in liver cancer.
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Roeb E. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases: current challenges and future directions. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:726. [PMID: 33987424 PMCID: PMC8106107 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries, and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries within the next years. This review focusses on the definition of NAFLD and NASH, possible screening mechanisms and the question who should be screened. Still there is a need for non-invasive diagnostic tools and biomarkers for NASH that can quickly and easily diagnose the severity of NAFLD, monitor liver changes, and identify high risk patients. In addition, treatment strategies are discussed as well as the clientele, who should be treated. There are currently no drugs approved for NAFLD. Successful clinical studies with e.g., obeticholic acid and new substances (e.g., cenicriviroc with anti-inflammatory activity) have already been published. If weight-reducing diets and a change in lifestyle fail in the case of severe obesity, bariatric surgery (e.g., gastric bypass or stomach reduction) should be considered. In the case of manifest type 2 diabetes, metformin can be used as an oral antidiabetic of first choice, and GLP-1 agonists have shown beneficial effects on NAFLD. However, up to now the prevention of overweight and lack of exercise targets the most important risk factors. This review aims to identify therapy relevant risk factors, management strategies, and open questions concerning NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Roeb
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital UKGM, Giessen, Germany
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Hempel F, Roderfeld M, Müntnich LJ, Albrecht J, Oruc Z, Arneth B, Karrasch T, Pons-Kühnemann J, Padberg W, Renz H, Schäffler A, Roeb E. Caspase-Cleaved Keratin 18 Measurements Identified Ongoing Liver Injury after Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061233. [PMID: 33809676 PMCID: PMC8002276 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective treatment option in morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, worsening or new onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis have been observed. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18) has been established as a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis, a key event in NASH development. Thus, ccK18 measurements might be feasible to monitor bariatric surgery patients. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were collected from 39 patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at six timepoints, prior to surgery until one year after the procedure. ccK18 levels were measured and a high-throughput analysis of serum adipokines and cytokines was carried out. Half of the cohort’s patients (20/39) presented with ccK18 levels indicative of progressed liver disease. 21% had a NAFLD-fibrosis score greater than 0.676, suggesting significant fibrosis. One year after surgery, a mean weight loss of 36.87% was achieved. Six and twelve months after surgery, ccK18 fragments were significantly reduced compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.001). Yet nine patients did not show a decline in ccK18 levels ≥ 10% within one year postoperatively, which was considered a response to treatment. While no significant differences in laboratory parameters or ccK18 could be observed, they presented with a greater expression of leptin and fibrinogen before surgery. Consecutive ccK18 measurements monitored the resolution of NAFLD and identified non-responders to bariatric surgery with ongoing liver injury. Further studies are needed to elicit the pathological mechanisms in non-responders and study the potential of adipokines as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hempel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.R.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.R.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Lucas John Müntnich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.R.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Jens Albrecht
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.A.); (Z.O.); (W.P.)
- Department for Bariatric Surgery, Asklepios Hospital, D-35423 Lich, Germany
| | - Ziya Oruc
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.A.); (Z.O.); (W.P.)
| | - Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (B.A.); (H.R.)
- The German Lung Center (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Jörn Pons-Kühnemann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Winfried Padberg
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.A.); (Z.O.); (W.P.)
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (B.A.); (H.R.)
- The German Lung Center (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.R.); (L.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-641-98542338
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Ismaiel A, Leucuta DC, Popa SL, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Abenavoli L, Dumitrascu DL. Non-invasive biomarkers in predicting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and assessing liver fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Panminerva Med 2020; 63:508-518. [PMID: 33165307 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.04171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis with inflammation, ballooned hepatocytes, and possible fibrosis, which may progress to liver cirrhosis. Although liver biopsy, remains the diagnostic gold standard of NASH, several noninvasive biomarkers have been studied, to avoid the need for this invasive procedure. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of several noninvasive biomarkers in predicting NASH and assessing liver fibrosis in NASH patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION An electronic search on PubMed and EMBASE was systematically performed. The principal summary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC), assessing the accuracy of NashTest, BARD (body mass index, AST/ALT ratio, diabetes) score, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), APRI (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index in predicting NASH and assessing liver fibrosis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thirteen studies involving 6,557 adult patients were included in the qualitative assessment of this review, out of which, six studies were included in the quantitative assessment. Prediction of NASH was evaluated better using NFS (AUC of 0.687) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.729). Fibrosis stages 0 vs. 1-4 was diagnosed better using NFS (AUC of 0.718) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.723). Advanced fibrosis was assessed better by BARD (AUC of 0.673), APRI (AUC of 0.762), NFS (AUC of 0.787) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.821). CONCLUSIONS FIB-4 predicted NASH and quantified liver fibrosis, stages 0 vs. 1-4 more precisely compared to NFS, APRI, and BARD. However, considering that methodological quality of the assessed studies is limited, the results should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania -
| | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lee J, Vali Y, Boursier J, Duffin K, Verheij J, Brosnan MJ, Zwinderman K, Anstee QM, Bossuyt PM, Zafarmand MH. Accuracy of cytokeratin 18 (M30 and M65) in detecting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238717. [PMID: 32915852 PMCID: PMC7485872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Association between elevated cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) levels and hepatocyte death has made circulating CK-18 a candidate biomarker to differentiate non-alcoholic fatty liver from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Yet studies produced variable diagnostic performance. We aimed to provide summary estimates with increased precision for the accuracy of CK-18 (M30, M65) in detecting NASH and fibrosis among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adults. Methods We searched five databases to retrieve studies evaluating CK-18 against a liver biopsy in NAFLD adults. Reference screening, data extraction and quality assessment (QUADAS-2) were independently conducted by two authors. Meta-analyses were performed for five groups based on the CK-18 antigens and target conditions, using one of two methods: linear mixed-effects multiple thresholds model or bivariate logit-normal random-effects model. Results We included 41 studies, with data on 5,815 participants. A wide range of disease prevalence was observed. No study reported a pre-defined cut-off. Thirty of 41 studies provided sufficient data for inclusion in any of the meta-analyses. Summary AUC [95% CI] were: 0.75 [0.69–0.82] (M30) and 0.82 [0.69–0.91] (M65) for NASH; 0.73 [0.57–0.85] (M30) for fibrotic NASH; 0.68 (M30) for significant (F2-4) fibrosis; and 0.75 (M30) for advanced (F3-4) fibrosis. Thirteen studies used CK-18 as a component of a multimarker model. Conclusions For M30 we found lower diagnostic accuracy to detect NASH compared to previous meta-analyses, indicating a limited ability to act as a stand-alone test, with better performance for M65. Additional external validation studies are needed to obtain credible estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of multimarker models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lee
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasaman Vali
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Kevin Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd (LLY), Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Julia Brosnan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Koos Zwinderman
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Bossuyt
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic drug that can cause the development of steatohepatitis as well as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The molecular mechanisms of amiodarone-mediated liver injury remain largely unknown. We therefore analyzed amiodarone-mediated hepatocellular injury in patients with chronic heart failure, in primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. We found that amiodarone-treated patients with chronic heart failure revealed significantly higher serum levels of caspase-cleaved keratin-18, an apoptosis biomarker, compared to healthy individuals or patients not receiving amiodarone. Furthermore, amiodarone treatment of hepatocytes resulted in apoptosis associated with lipid accumulation and ER-stress induction. Liver cell steatosis was accompanied by enhanced de novo lipogenesis which, after reaching peak levels, declined together with decreased activation of ER stress. The decline of amiodarone-mediated lipotoxicity was associated with protective autophagy induction. In contrast, in hepatocytes treated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine as well as in autophagy gene (ATG5 or ATG7)-deficient hepatocytes, amiodarone-triggered toxicity was increased. In conclusion, we demonstrate that amiodarone induces lipid accumulation associated with ER stress and apoptosis in hepatocytes, which is mirrored by increased keratin-18 fragment serum levels in amiodarone-treated patients. Autophagy reduces amiodarone-mediated lipotoxicity and could provide a therapeutic strategy for protection from drug-induced liver injury.
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Labenz C, Huber Y, Michel M, Nagel M, Galle PR, Kostev K, Schattenberg JM. Impact of NAFLD on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Primary Care Population in Germany. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2112-2119. [PMID: 31797186 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with NAFLD are considered at a high risk of cardiovascular events due to underlying metabolic risk factors. Currently, data related to the impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular risk in the general population are lacking. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NAFLD on risk of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke in primary care in Germany. METHODS The study included patients diagnosed with NAFLD in primary care between 2010 and 2015. NAFLD cases (n = 22,048) were matched to a cohort without NAFLD (n = 22,048) based on age, sex, treating physician, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of MI, CHD, AF, and stroke. RESULTS Within 10 years of the index date, 12.8% of patients with NAFLD and 10.0% of controls were diagnosed with CHD (p < 0.001). Additionally, frequency of MI was significantly higher in NAFLD (2.9% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001). On regression analysis, HR for incidence of MI was 1.34 (p = 0.003) in all NAFLD patients and 1.35 (p = 0.013) for men. Incidence of AF was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD. On regression analysis, HR for incidence of AF was 1.15 (p = 0.005). NAFLD was not associated with a higher incidence of stroke (HR 1.09, p = 0.243). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD constitutes an independent risk factor for CHD, MI, and AF in primary care in Germany. Identification of patients with NAFLD in primary care will allow specifically managing and modifying underlying risk factors to improve the overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Labenz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maurice Michel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Nagel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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Adipokines and Endotoxemia Correlate with Hepatic Steatosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030699. [PMID: 32151020 PMCID: PMC7146245 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial. Dietary composition has been implicated as a factor modulating intestinal barrier and could affect disease severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake and markers of intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD. (2) Methods: We enrolled 63 patients with NAFLD and compared them to age-matched controls. (3) Results: body mass index (BMI) and leptin to adiponectin ratio—the latter being an indicator of abdominal fat accumulation—correlated with the degree of hepatic steatosis being accompanied with rising levels of fasting insulin. Furthermore, endotoxin plasma levels and markers of inflammation were significantly higher in NAFLD compared to controls and increased with the severity of hepatic steatosis. Despite comparable intake of total energy and macronutrients, intake of fiber was lower in all patients with NAFLD compared to controls and were negatively related to disease severity. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, results of the present study suggest that fiber intake in patients is negatively related to steatosis degree and bacterial endotoxin levels, further suggesting that dietary fiber intake may be a target in NAFLD treatment (NCT: 02366052 and 03482284).
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Cai H, Qin YL, Shi ZY, Chen JH, Zeng MJ, Zhou W, Chen RQ, Chen ZY. Effects of alternate-day fasting on body weight and dyslipidaemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31852444 PMCID: PMC6921505 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a novel diet therapy that may achieve reduction in body weight and improvement of dyslipidaemia, but the impact of this diet on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ADF on the body weight and lipid profile of individuals with NAFLD. Methods NAFLD patients (n = 271) were randomised to the ADF group, time-restricted feeding (TRF) group, or the control group and subjected to the respective diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, fat mass/fat-free mass) were performed, and plasma lipids were analysed enzymatically. Results Within 4 weeks, the body weight decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in the ADF group by 4.56 ± 0.41 kg (6.1 ± 0.5%) and the TRF group by 3.62 ± 0.65 kg (4.83 ± 0.9%) compared to the control group, and it decreased even more after 12 weeks in both groups (ADF: − 4.04 ± 0.54 kg, 5.4 ± 0.7%; TRF: − 3.25 ± 0.67 kg, 4.3 ± 0.9%). Fat mass was significantly reduced by ADF (− 3.49 ± 0.37 kg; 11 ± 1.2%) and TRF (− 2.91 ± 0.41 kg; 9.6 ± 1.3%), with ADF leading to a further reduction in fat mass after 12 weeks (− 3.48 ± 0.38 kg; 11 ± 1.2%). Total cholesterol was significantly decreased at both time points in the ADF group (− 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 18.5 ± 1.5%) compared to the control and TRF groups. Both ADF (− 0.64 ± 0.06 mmol/L; 25 ± 1.9%) and TRF (0.58 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 20 ± 1.7%) achieved a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (P < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Changes in fat free mass, HDL, LDL, fasting insulin, glucose, liver stiffness, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the groups. Conclusions ADF appears to be an effective diet therapy for individuals with NAFLD that can achieve weight loss and improvement of dyslipidaemia within a relatively short period of time (4 to 12 weeks). Potential preventive effects of ADF on cardiovascular disease need to be confirmed by future investigations. Trial registration ChiCTR1900024411, this trial was retrospectively registered on July 10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Lan Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Ya Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Min-Jie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Qun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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