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Lutze RD, Ingersoll MA, Thotam A, Joseph A, Fernandes J, Teitz T. ERK1/2 Inhibition via the Oral Administration of Tizaterkib Alleviates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss While Tempering down the Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6305. [PMID: 38928015 PMCID: PMC11204379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major cause of hearing impairment and is linked to dementia and mental health conditions, yet no FDA-approved drugs exist to prevent it. Downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cellular pathway has emerged as a promising approach to attenuate NIHL, but the molecular targets and the mechanism of protection are not fully understood. Here, we tested specifically the role of the kinases ERK1/2 in noise otoprotection using a newly developed, highly specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, tizaterkib, in preclinical animal models. Tizaterkib is currently being tested in phase 1 clinical trials for cancer treatment and has high oral bioavailability and low predicted systemic toxicity in mice and humans. In this study, we performed dose-response measurements of tizaterkib's efficacy against permanent NIHL in adult FVB/NJ mice, and its minimum effective dose (0.5 mg/kg/bw), therapeutic index (>50), and window of opportunity (<48 h) were determined. The drug, administered orally twice daily for 3 days, 24 h after 2 h of 100 dB or 106 dB SPL noise exposure, at a dose equivalent to what is prescribed currently for humans in clinical trials, conferred an average protection of 20-25 dB SPL in both female and male mice. The drug shielded mice from the noise-induced synaptic damage which occurs following loud noise exposure. Equally interesting, tizaterkib was shown to decrease the number of CD45- and CD68-positive immune cells in the mouse cochlea following noise exposure. This study suggests that repurposing tizaterkib and the ERK1/2 kinases' inhibition could be a promising strategy for the treatment of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Lutze
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
| | - Matthew A. Ingersoll
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
| | - Alena Thotam
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
| | - Anjali Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
| | - Joshua Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
| | - Tal Teitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (R.D.L.); (M.A.I.); (A.T.); (A.J.); (J.F.)
- The Scintillon Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Liu W, Li H, Kämpfe Nordström C, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Agrawal S, Ladak HM, Rask-Andersen H. Immuno-surveillance and protection of the human cochlea. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1355785. [PMID: 38817543 PMCID: PMC11137295 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1355785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its location near infection-prone areas, the human inner ear demonstrates remarkable resilience. This suggests that there are inherent instruments deterring the invasion and spread of pathogens into the inner ear. Here, we combined high-resolution light microscopy, super-resolution immunohistochemistry (SR-SIM) and synchrotron phase contrast imaging (SR-PCI) to identify the protection and barrier systems in the various parts of the human inner ear, focusing on the lateral wall, spiral ganglion, and endolymphatic sac. Materials and methods Light microscopy was conducted on mid-modiolar, semi-thin sections, after direct glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide fixation. The tonotopic locations were estimated using SR-PCI and 3D reconstruction in cadaveric specimens. The sections were analyzed for leucocyte and macrophage activity, and the results were correlated with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy and SR-SIM. Results Light microscopy revealed unprecedented preservation of cell anatomy and several macrophage-like cells that were localized in the cochlea. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated IBA1 cells frequently co-expressing MHC II in the spiral ganglion, nerve fibers, lateral wall, spiral limbus, and tympanic covering layer at all cochlear turns as well as in the endolymphatic sac. RNAscope assays revealed extensive expression of fractalkine gene transcripts in type I spiral ganglion cells. CD4 and CD8 cells occasionally surrounded blood vessels in the modiolus and lateral wall. TMEM119 and P2Y12 were not expressed, indicating that the cells labeled with IBA1 were not microglia. The round window niche, compact basilar membrane, and secondary spiral lamina may form protective shields in the cochlear base. Discussion The results suggest that the human cochlea is surveilled by dwelling and circulating immune cells. Resident and blood-borne macrophages may initiate protective immune responses via chemokine signaling in the lateral wall, spiral lamina, and spiral ganglion at different frequency locations. Synchrotron imaging revealed intriguing protective barriers in the base of the cochlea. The role of the endolymphatic sac in human inner ear innate and adaptive immunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kämpfe Nordström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hanif M. Ladak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gröschel M, Manchev T, Fröhlich F, Voigt S, Ernst A, Basta D. Early Loss of Spiral Ganglion Neurons in the Auditory System after Noise Trauma. Audiol Neurootol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38749408 DOI: 10.1159/000539359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most frequent recognized occupational diseases. The time course of the involved pathologies is still under investigation. Several studies have demonstrated an acute damage of the sensory tissue, but only few experiments investigated the degeneration of (type I) spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), representing the primary neurons in the auditory system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time course of SGN degeneration within a 7-day period after traumatic noise exposure starting immediately after trauma. METHODS Young adult normal hearing mice were noise exposed for 3 h with a broadband noise (5-20 kHz) at 115 dB SPL. Auditory threshold shift was measured by auditory brainstem recordings, and SGN densities were analyzed at different time points during the first week after acoustic trauma. RESULTS Significant reduction of SGN densities was detected and is accompanied by a significant hearing loss. Degeneration starts within hours after the applied trauma, further progressing within days post-exposure. DISCUSSION Early neurodegeneration in the auditory periphery seems to be induced by direct overstimulation of the auditory nerve fibers. SGN loss is supposed to be a result of inflammatory responses and neural deprivation, leading to permanent hearing loss and auditory processing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gröschel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanyo Manchev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Fröhlich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Voigt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Ernst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Basta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sailor-Longsworth E, Lutze RD, Ingersoll MA, Kelmann RG, Ly K, Currier D, Chen T, Zuo J, Teitz T. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a Commonly Prescribed Antiviral Drug, Mitigates Hearing Loss in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592815. [PMID: 38765999 PMCID: PMC11100672 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss affects up to 10% of all people worldwide, but currently there is only one FDA-approved drug for its prevention in a subgroup of cisplatin-treated pediatric patients. Here, we performed an unbiased screen of 1,300 FDA-approved drugs for protection against cisplatin-induced cell death in an inner ear cell line, and identified oseltamivir phosphate (brand name Tamiflu), a common influenza antiviral drug, as a top candidate. Oseltamivir phosphate was found to be otoprotective by oral delivery in multiple established cisplatin and noise exposure mouse models. The drug conferred permanent hearing protection of 15-25 dB SPL for both female and male mice. Oseltamivir treatment reduced in mice outer hair cells death after cisplatin treatment and mitigated cochlear synaptopathy after noise exposure. A potential binding protein, ERK1/2, associated with inflammation, was shown to be activated with cisplatin treatment and reduced by oseltamivir cotreatment in cochlear explants. Importantly, the number of infiltrating immune cells to the cochleae in mice post noise exposure, were significantly reduced with oseltamivir treatment, suggesting an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. Our results support oseltamivir, a widespread drug for influenza with low side effects, as a promising otoprotective therapeutic candidate in both cisplatin chemotherapy and traumatic noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sailor-Longsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Richard D. Lutze
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Matthew A. Ingersoll
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Regina G. Kelmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kristina Ly
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Duane Currier
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Tal Teitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Birru B, Veit JGS, Arrigali EM, Van Tine J, Barrett-Catton E, Tonnerre Z, Diaz P, Serban MA. Hyaluronic acid-ibuprofen conjugation: a novel ototherapeutic approach protecting inner ear cells from inflammation-mediated damage. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355283. [PMID: 38425644 PMCID: PMC10902153 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a substantial need of effective drugs for the treatment of hearing loss, which affects nearly 500 million individuals globally. Hearing loss can be the result of intense or prolonged noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, infections, and trauma, which trigger inflammatory signaling cascades that lead to irreversible damage to cochlear structures. To address this, we developed and characterized a series of covalent conjugates of anti-inflammatory drugs to hyaluronic acid (HA), for potential use as topical ototherapeutics. These conjugates were tested in in vitro assays designed to mirror physiological processes typically observed with acoustic trauma. Intense noise exposure leads to macrophage recruitment to the cochlea and subsequent inflammatory damage to sensory cells. We therefore first tested our conjugates' ability to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. This anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages also translated to increased cochlear cell viability. In our initial screening, one conjugate, ibuprofen-HA, demonstrated significantly higher anti-inflammatory potential than its counterparts. Subsequent cytokine release profiling of ibuprofen-HA further confirmed its ability to reduce a wider range of inflammatory markers, to a greater extent than its equivalent unconjugated drug. The conjugate's potential as a topical therapeutic was then assessed in previously developed tympanic and round window membrane tissue permeation models. As expected, our data indicate that the conjugate has limited tympanic membrane model permeability; however, it readily permeated the round window membrane model and to a greater extent than the unconjugated drug. Interestingly, our data also revealed that ibuprofen-HA was well tolerated in cellular and tissue cytocompatibility assays, whereas the unconjugated drug displayed significant cytotoxicity at equivalent concentrations. Moreover, our data highlighted the importance of chemical conjugation of ibuprofen to HA; the conjugate had improved anti-inflammatory effects, significantly reduced cytotoxicity, and is more suitable for therapeutic formulation. Overall, this work suggests that ibuprofen-HA could be a promising safe and effective topical ototherapeutic for inflammation-mediated cochlear damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Birru
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Joachim G. S. Veit
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Montana Biotechnology Center (BIOTECH), University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Arrigali
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jack Van Tine
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Emma Barrett-Catton
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Zachary Tonnerre
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Philippe Diaz
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Montana Biotechnology Center (BIOTECH), University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Monica A. Serban
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Montana Biotechnology Center (BIOTECH), University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Zhang Y, Ye F, Fu X, Li S, Wang L, Chen Y, Li H, Hao S, Zhao K, Feng Q, Li P. Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophages in Innate Immunity and Diverse Roles of Macrophages During Cochlear Inflammation. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:255-267. [PMID: 37391607 PMCID: PMC10838870 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system and constitute a non-specific first line of host defense against pathogens and inflammation. Mitochondria regulate macrophage activation and innate immune responses in various inflammatory diseases, including cochlear inflammation. The distribution, number, and morphological characteristics of cochlear macrophages change significantly across different inner ear regions under various pathological conditions, including noise exposure, ototoxicity, and age-related degeneration. However, the exact mechanism underlying the role of mitochondria in macrophages in auditory function remains unclear. Here, we summarize the major factors and mitochondrial signaling pathways (e.g., metabolism, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA, and the inflammasome) that influence macrophage activation in the innate immune response. In particular, we focus on the properties of cochlear macrophages, activated signaling pathways, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines after acoustic injury. We hope this review will provide new perspectives and a basis for future research on cochlear inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fanglei Ye
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shaojuan Hao
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Seicol BJ, Guo Z, Garrity K, Xie R. Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1294525. [PMID: 38162822 PMCID: PMC10755874 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1294525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine uses electrical stimulation of the nervous system to improve health outcomes throughout the body primarily by regulating immune responses. This concept, however, has yet to be applied systematically to the auditory system. There is growing interest in how cochlear damage and associated neuroinflammation may contribute to hearing loss. In conjunction with recent findings, we propose here a new perspective, which could be applied alongside advancing technologies, to use auditory nerve (AN) stimulation to modulate immune responses in hearing health disorders and following surgeries for auditory implants. In this article we will: (1) review the mechanisms of inflammation in the auditory system in relation to various forms of hearing loss, (2) explore nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation throughout the body and how similar neural-immune circuits likely exist in the auditory system (3) summarize current methods for stimulating the auditory system, particularly the AN, and (4) propose future directions to use bioelectronic medicine to ameliorate harmful immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem to treat refractory conditions. We will illustrate how current knowledge from bioelectronic medicine can be applied to AN stimulation to resolve inflammation associated with implantation and disease. Further, we suggest the necessary steps to get discoveries in this emerging field from bench to bedside. Our vision is a future for AN stimulation that includes additional protocols as well as advances in devices to target and engage neural-immune circuitry for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Seicol
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zixu Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katy Garrity
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruili Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Suzuki J, Hemmi T, Maekawa M, Watanabe M, Inada H, Ikushima H, Oishi T, Ikeda R, Honkura Y, Kagawa Y, Kawase T, Mano N, Owada Y, Osumi N, Katori Y. Fatty acid binding protein type 7 deficiency preserves auditory function in noise-exposed mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21494. [PMID: 38057582 PMCID: PMC10700610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) is vital for uptake and trafficking of fatty acids in the nervous system. To investigate the involvement of FABP7 in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) pathogenesis, we used Fabp7 knockout (KO) mice generated via CRISPR/Cas9 in the C57BL/6 background. Initial auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were conducted at 9 weeks, followed by noise exposure at 10 weeks. Subsequent ABRs were performed 24 h later, with final measurements at 12 weeks. Inner ears were harvested 24 h after noise exposure for RNA sequencing and metabolic analyses. We found no significant differences in initial ABR measurements, but Fabp7 KO mice showed significantly lower thresholds in the final ABR measurements. Hair cell survival was also enhanced in Fabp7 KO mice. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with the electron transport chain were upregulated or less impaired in Fabp7 KO mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed various alterations, including decreased glutamate and aspartate in Fabp7 KO mice. In conclusion, FABP7 deficiency mitigates cochlear damage following noise exposure. This protective effect was supported by the changes in gene expression of the electron transport chain, and in several metabolites, including excitotoxic neurotransmitters. Our study highlights the potential therapeutic significance of targeting FABP7 in NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Hemmi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Centers for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ikushima
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryoukichi Ikeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Odori, Yahaba, Shiwa, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Centers for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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Lutze RD, Ingersoll MA, Thotam A, Joseph A, Fernandes J, Teitz T. ERK1/2 Inhibition Alleviates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss While Tempering Down the Immune Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563007. [PMID: 37905140 PMCID: PMC10614960 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major cause of hearing impairment, yet no FDA-approved drugs exist to prevent it. Targeting the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cellular pathway has emerged as a promising approach to attenuate NIHL. Tizaterkib is an orally bioavailable, highly specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, currently in Phase-1 anticancer clinical trials. Here, we tested tizaterkib's efficacy against permanent NIHL in mice at doses equivalent to what humans are currently prescribed in clinical trials. The drug given orally 24 hours after noise exposure, protected an average of 20-25 dB SPL in three frequencies, in female and male mice, had a therapeutic window >50, and did not confer additional protection to KSR1 genetic knockout mice, showing the drug works through the MAPK pathway. Tizaterkib shielded from noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, and a 3-day, twice daily, treatment with the drug was the optimal determined regimen. Importantly, tizaterkib was shown to decrease the number of CD45 and CD68 positive immune cells in the cochlea following noise exposure, which could be part of the protective mechanism of MAPK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Lutze
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Matthew A. Ingersoll
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Alena Thotam
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Anjali Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Joshua Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Tal Teitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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10
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Ernst BP, Heinrich UR, Fries M, Meuser R, Rader T, Eckrich J, Stauber RH, Strieth S. Cochlear implantation impairs intracochlear microcirculation and counteracts iNOS induction in guinea pigs. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1189980. [PMID: 37448696 PMCID: PMC10336219 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1189980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preservation of residual hearing remains a great challenge during cochlear implantation. Cochlear implant (CI) electrode array insertion induces changes in the microvasculature as well as nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vessel dysfunction which have been identified as possible mediators of residual hearing loss after cochlear implantation. Methods A total of 24 guinea pigs were randomized to receive either a CI (n = 12) or a sham procedure (sham) by performing a cochleostomy without electrode array insertion (n = 12). The hearing threshold was determined using frequency-specific compound action potentials. To gain visual access to the stria vascularis, a microscopic window was created in the osseous cochlear lateral wall. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) and cochlear microvascular permeability (CMP) were evaluated immediately after treatment, as well as after 1 and 2 h, respectively. Finally, cochleae were resected for subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of the iNOS expression. Results The sham control group showed no change in mean CBF after 1 h (104.2 ± 0.7%) and 2 h (100.8 ± 3.6%) compared to baseline. In contrast, cochlear implantation resulted in a significant continuous decrease in CBF after 1 h (78.8 ± 8.1%, p < 0.001) and 2 h (60.6 ± 11.3%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the CI group exhibited a significantly increased CMP (+44.9% compared to baseline, p < 0.0001) and a significant increase in median hearing threshold (20.4 vs. 2.5 dB SPL, p = 0.0009) compared to sham after 2 h. Intriguingly, the CI group showed significantly lower iNOS-expression levels in the organ of Corti (329.5 vs. 54.33 AU, p = 0.0003), stria vascularis (596.7 vs. 48.51 AU, p < 0.0001), interdental cells (564.0 vs. 109.1 AU, p = 0.0003) and limbus fibrocytes (119.4 vs. 18.69 AU, p = 0.0286). Conclusion Mechanical and NO-dependent microvascular dysfunction seem to play a pivotal role in residual hearing loss after CI electrode array insertion. This may be facilitated by the implantation associated decrease in iNOS expression. Therefore, stabilization of cochlear microcirculation could be a therapeutic strategy to preserve residual hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf-Rüdiger Heinrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Fries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Regina Meuser
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rader
- Division of Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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11
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Tan WJT, Song L. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 434:108783. [PMID: 37167889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can either be genetically inherited or acquired as a result of aging, noise exposure, or ototoxic drugs. Although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SNHL remain unclear, an overwhelming body of evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress playing a central etiological role. With its high metabolic demands, the cochlea, particularly the sensory hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion neurons, is vulnerable to the damaging effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent oxidative stress in cochlear cells can be caused by inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations (hereditary hearing loss and aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity), accumulation of acquired mtDNA mutations with age (age-related hearing loss), mitochondrial overdrive and calcium dysregulation (noise-induced hearing loss and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity), or accumulation of ototoxic drugs within hair cell mitochondria (drug-induced hearing loss). In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the development of SNHL caused by genetic mutations, aging, exposure to excessive noise, and ototoxic drugs. We also explore the advancements in antioxidant therapies for the different forms of acquired SNHL that are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J T Tan
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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12
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Identification and Characterization of TMEM119-Positive Cells in the Postnatal and Adult Murine Cochlea. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030516. [PMID: 36979326 PMCID: PMC10046579 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) is expressed in a subset of resident macrophage cells of the brain and was proposed as a marker for native brain microglia. The presence of cells expressing TMEM119 in the cochlea has not yet been described. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the TMEM119-expressing cells of the postnatal and adult cochlea, the latter also after noise exposure. Immunofluorescent staining of cochlear cryosections detected TMEM119 protein in the spiral limbus fibrocytes and the developing stria vascularis at postnatal Day 3. Applying the macrophage marker Iba1 revealed that TMEM119 is not a marker of cochlear macrophages or a subset of them. In the adult murine cochlea, TMEM119 expression was detected in the basal cells of the stria vascularis and the dark mesenchymal cells of the supralimbal zone. Exposure to noise trauma was not associated with a qualitative change in the types or distributions of the TMEM119-expressing cells of the adult cochlea. Western blot analysis indicated a similar TMEM119 protein expression level in the postnatal cochlea and brain tissues. The findings do not support using TMEM119 as a specific microglial or macrophage marker in the cochlea. The precise role of TMEM119 in the cochlea remains to be investigated through functional experiments. TMEM119 expression in the basal cells of the stria vascularis implies a possible role in the gap junction system of the blood–labyrinth barrier and merits further research.
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13
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Xiao L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zheng Z, Xiong Y, Li C, Feng Y, Yin S. HMGB1 accumulation in cytoplasm mediates noise-induced cochlear damage. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:43-54. [PMID: 36287265 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) play a critical role in mediating cochlear cell death, which leads to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypical DAMP released from cells, has been extensively studied in the context of various diseases. However, whether extracellular HMGB1 contributes to cochlear pathogenesis in NIHL and the potential signals initiating HMGB1 release from cochlear cells are not well understood. Here, through the transfection of the adeno-associated virus with HMGB1-HA-tag, we first investigated early cytoplasmic accumulation of HMGB1 in cochlear hair cells after noise exposure. We found that the cochlear administration of HMGB1-neutralizing antibody immediately after noise exposure significantly alleviated hearing loss and outer hair cells (OHCs) death induced by noise exposure. In addition, activation of signal transducer and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and cellular hyperacetylation were verified as potential canonical initiators of HMGB1 cytoplasmic accumulation. These findings reveal the adverse effects of extracellular HMGB1 on the cochlea and the potential signaling events mediating HMGB1 release in hair cells, indicating multiple potential pharmacotherapeutic targets for NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianju Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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14
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Song X, Li Y, Guo R, Yu Q, Liu S, Teng Q, Chen ZR, Xie J, Gong S, Liu K. Cochlear resident macrophage mediates development of ribbon synapses via CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1031278. [PMID: 36518186 PMCID: PMC9742371 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear ribbon synapses formed between spiral ganglion neurons and inner hair cells in postnatal mice must undergo significant morphological and functional development to reach auditory maturation. However, the mechanisms underlying cochlear ribbon synapse remodeling remain unclear. This study found that cochlear resident macrophages are essential for cochlear ribbon synapse development and maturation in mice via the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis. CX3CR1 expression (a macrophage surface-specific receptor) and macrophage count in the cochlea were significantly increased from postnatal day 7 then decreased from days 14 to 28. Seven-day treatment with CX3CR1 inhibitors and artificial upregulation of CX3CL1 levels in the inner ear environment using the semicircular canal injection technique were initiated on day 7, and this resulted in a significant increase in hearing threshold on day 28. Additionally, abnormalities in the morphology and number of cochlear ribbon synapses were detected on day P14, which may be associated with hearing impairment. In conclusion, macrophage regulation of cochlear ribbon synapse remodeling via the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis is required during hearing development and offers a new perspective on immune-related hearing loss throughout auditory development. Importantly, it could be a new treatment target for sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianru Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Hearing Loss, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Steinacher C, Chacko LJ, Liu W, Rask-Andersen H, Bader W, Dudas J, Sergi CM, Dhanaseelan T, Moreno N, Glueckert R, Hoermann R, Schrott-Fischer A. Visualization of macrophage subsets in the development of the fetal human inner ear. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965196. [PMID: 36159857 PMCID: PMC9501668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human inner ear contains macrophages whose functional role in early development is yet unclear. Recent studies describe inner ear macrophages act as effector cells of the innate immune system and are often activated following acoustic trauma or exposure to ototoxic drugs. Few or limited literature describing the role of macrophages during inner ear development and organogenesis. Material and Methods We performed a study combining immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using antibodies against IBA1, CX3CL1, CD168, CD68, CD45 and CollagenIV. Immune staining and quantification was performed on human embryonic inner ear sections from gestational week 09 to 17. Results The study showed IBA1 and CD45 positive cells in the mesenchymal tissue at GW 09 to GW17. No IBA1 positive macrophages were detected in the sensory epithelium of the cochlea and vestibulum. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) signalling was initiated GW10 and parallel chemotactic attraction and migration of macrophages into the inner ear. Macrophages also migrated into the spiral ganglion, cochlear nerve, and peripheral nerve fibers and tissue-expressing CX3CL1. The mesenchymal tissue at all gestational weeks expressed CD163 and CD68. Conclusion Expressions of markers for resident and non-resident macrophages (IBA1, CD45, CD68, and CD163) were identified in the human fetal inner ear. We speculate that these cells play a role for the development of human inner ear tissue including shaping of the gracile structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Steinacher
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lejo Johnson Chacko
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Werner Bader
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tamilvendhan Dhanaseelan
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romed Hoermann
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Division of Clinical & Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneliese Schrott-Fischer
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Anneliese Schrott-Fischer,
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16
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Hao F, Shan C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Exosomes Derived from microRNA-21 Overexpressing Neural Progenitor Cells Prevent Hearing Loss from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Process in the Cochlea. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2464-2472. [PMID: 35939349 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Both exosomes derived from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can suppress inflammation. Whether exosomes derived from miR-21-transfected NPCs (miR-21-Exo) could be utilized to alleviate hearing loss is investigated. NPCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors overexpressing miR-21, and miR-21-Exo was purified. Morphology and exosome membrane markers were examined with nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. After incubation with different concentrations of miR-21-Exo, the viability of RAW 264.7 cells and the relative expressions of miR-21 and IL-10 were determined. The ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model of C57BL/6 J mice was constructed, and the treatment benefit of miR-21-Exo was revealed by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. Immunofluorescence staining of caspase-3 and parvalbumin was used to detect apoptosis hair cells in the cochlea, and Western blot was utilized to detect the relative expressions of P53 and inflammatory cytokines in the cochlea. Isolated exosomes were confirmed by the size of 96 ± 25 nm, single membrane, and positive expression of CD9 and Tsg101. Upregulated miR-21 expression was detected in miR-21-transfected NPCs and miR-21-Exo. miR-21-Exo incubation demonstrated no cytotoxicity but upregulated miR-21 and IL-10 expressions in RAW 264.7 cells. The administration of miR-21-Exo inhibited the increased ABR threshold under 8, 16, and 32 kHz frequencies in cochlea-I/R injury mice and diminished the mean fluorescent intensity of caspase-3/parvalbumin. Moreover, miR-21-Exo treatment increased the IL-10 expression and prevented the increased TNF-α and IL-1β expressions in the cochlea of I/R mice both in mRNA and protein levels. Inner ear administration of miR-21-Exo effectively improved hearing damage caused by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei, China
| | - Chunguang Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei, China
| | - Zhanwei Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei, China
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Chen XM, Xue XM, Yu N, Guo WW, Yuan SL, Jiang QQ, Yang SM. The Role of Genetic Variants in the Susceptibility of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:946206. [PMID: 35903368 PMCID: PMC9315435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.946206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noised-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an acquired, progressive neurological damage caused by exposure to intense noise in various environments including industrial, military and entertaining settings. The prevalence of NIHL is much higher than other occupational injuries in industrialized countries. Recent studies have revealed that genetic factors, together with environmental conditions, also contribute to NIHL. A group of genes which are linked to the susceptibility of NIHL had been uncovered, involving the progression of oxidative stress, potassium ion cycling, cilia structure, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and some other genes. In this review, we briefly summarized the studies primary in population and some animal researches concerning the susceptible genes of NIHL, intending to give insights into the further exploration of NIHL prevention and individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-min Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-miao Xue
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-wei Guo
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo-long Yuan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-qing Jiang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- Qing-qing Jiang,
| | - Shi-ming Yang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shi-ming Yang,
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18
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Ackerman SD, Singhvi A, Bianchi L. Editorial: Accessory Cells of Sensory Systems and Their Functional Roles. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:965580. [PMID: 35844212 PMCID: PMC9281577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.965580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Ackerman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aakanksha Singhvi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Bianchi
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Ramkumar V, Sheth S, Dhukhwa A, Al Aameri R, Rybak L, Mukherjea D. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Auditory Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1158-1170. [PMID: 34465184 PMCID: PMC9221156 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation-gated channels that serve as detectors of various sensory modalities, such as pain, heat, cold, and taste. These channels are expressed in the inner ear, suggesting that they could also contribute to the perception of sound. This review provides more details on the different types of TRP channels that have been identified in the cochlea to date, focusing on their cochlear distribution, regulation, and potential contributions to auditory functions. Recent Advances: To date, the effect of TRP channels on normal cochlear physiology in mammals is still unclear. These channels contribute, to a limited extent, to normal cochlear physiology such as the hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction channel and strial functions. More detailed information on a number of these channels in the cochlea awaits future studies. Several laboratories focusing on TRPV1 channels have shown that they are responsive to cochlear stressors, such as ototoxic drugs and noise, and regulate cytoprotective and/or cell death pathways. TRPV1 expression in the cochlea is under control of oxidative stress (produced primarily by NOX3 NADPH oxidase) as well as STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors, which differentially modulate inflammatory and apoptotic signals in the cochlea. Inhibition of oxidative stress or inflammation reduces the expression of TRPV1 channels and protects against cochlear damage and hearing loss. Critical Issues: TRPV1 channels are activated by both capsaicin and cisplatin, which produce differential effects on the inner ear. How these differential actions are produced is yet to be determined. It is clear that TRPV1 is an essential component of cisplatin ototoxicity as knockdown of these channels protects against hearing loss. In contrast, activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin protected against subsequent hearing loss induced by cisplatin. The cellular targets that are influenced by these two drugs to account for their differential profiles need to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the potential involvement of different TRP channels present in the cochlea in regulating cisplatin ototoxicity needs to be determined. Future Directions: TRPV1 has been shown to mediate the entry of aminoglycosides into the hair cells. Thus, novel otoprotective strategies could involve designing drugs to inhibit entry of aminoglycosides and possibly other ototoxins into cochlear hair cells. TRP channels, including TRPV1, are expressed on circulating and resident immune cells. These receptors modulate immune cell functions. However, whether they are activated by cochlear stressors to initiate cochlear inflammation and ototoxicity needs to be determined. A better understanding of the function and regulation of these TRP channels in the cochlea could enable development of novel treatments for treating hearing loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1158-1170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandeep Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Asmita Dhukhwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Raheem Al Aameri
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Debashree Mukherjea
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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20
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Chan J, Telang R, Kociszewska D, Thorne PR, Vlajkovic SM. A High-Fat Diet Induces Low-Grade Cochlear Inflammation in CD-1 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095179. [PMID: 35563572 PMCID: PMC9101486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a relationship between gut dysbiosis and hearing loss. Inflammatory bowel disease, diet-induced obesity (DIO), and type 2 diabetes have all been linked to hearing loss. Here, we investigated the effect of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of inner ear inflammation using a rodent model. Three-week-old CD-1 (Swiss) mice were fed an HFD or a control diet for ten weeks. After ten weeks, mouse cochleae were harvested, and markers of cochlear inflammation were assessed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry and at the gene expression level using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We identified increased immunoexpression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in animals on an HFD, including intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), interleukin 6 receptor α (IL6Rα), and toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2). In addition, increased numbers of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) positive macrophages were found in the cochlear lateral wall in mice on an HFD. In contrast, gene expression levels of inflammatory markers were not affected by an HFD. The recruitment of macrophages to the cochlea and increased immunoexpression of inflammatory markers in mice fed an HFD provide direct evidence for the association between HFD and cochlear inflammation.
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21
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Shin SH, Jung J, Park HR, Sim NS, Choi JY, Bae SH. The Time Course of Monocytes Infiltration After Acoustic Overstimulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:844480. [PMID: 35496904 PMCID: PMC9039292 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.844480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlea macrophages regulate cochlea inflammation and may harbors the potentials to protect hearing function from injury, including acoustic overstimulation. Cochlea macrophage numbers increase at 3–7 days after acoustic stimulation. However, the exact timing of macrophage infiltration and maturation from inflammatory monocytes is unclear. Furthermore, neutrophils may also be involved in this process. Therefore, in this study, we investigated time-dependent immune cell infiltration, macrophage transformation, and neutrophil involvement following acoustic stimulation. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were conducted in C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)+/GFP mice after acoustic overstimulation (at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after exposure to 120 dB for 1 h) to identify inflammatory monocytes in the cochlea. RNA-sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify differentially expressed genes. Inflammatory monocytes infiltrated into the lower portion of the lateral wall within 2 days after acoustic overstimulation (dpn), followed by transformation into macrophages at 3–5 dpn via CX3CR1 upregulation and Ly6C downregulation. In addition, inflammatory monocytes were aggregated inside the collecting venule only at 1 dpn. Neutrophils were not a major type of phagocyte during this response. The gene encoding C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 gene was significantly upregulated as early as 3 h after acoustic overstimulation. Given these results, treatment to control immune response after a noise-induced hearing loss should be applied as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong Hoon Bae,
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22
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Miwa T, Okano T. Role of Inner Ear Macrophages and Autoimmune/Autoinflammatory Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Inner Ear Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:861992. [PMID: 35463143 PMCID: PMC9019483 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.861992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that macrophages are dispersed in the inner ear and may play essential roles in eliciting an immune response. Autoinflammatory diseases comprise a family of immune-mediated diseases, some of which involve sensorineural hearing loss, indicating that similar mechanisms may underlie the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hearing loss. Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by unexpected hearing loss. Tissue macrophages in the inner ear represent a potential target for modulation of the local immune response in patients with AIED/autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the relationship between cochlear macrophages and the pathophysiology of AIED/autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toru Miwa
| | - Takayuki Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Fuentes-Santamaría V, Alvarado JC, Mellado S, Melgar-Rojas P, Gabaldón-Ull MC, Cabanes-Sanchis JJ, Juiz JM. Age-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Cochlea Are Exacerbated by Long-Term, Short-Duration Noise Stimulation. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:853320. [PMID: 35450058 PMCID: PMC9016828 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.853320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that young adult rats exposed to daily, short-duration noise for extended time periods, develop accelerated presbycusis starting at 6 months of age. Auditory aging is associated with progressive hearing loss, cell deterioration, dysregulation of the antioxidant defense system, and chronic inflammation, among others. To further characterize cellular and molecular mechanisms at the crossroads between noise and age-related hearing loss (ARHL), 3-month-old rats were exposed to a noise-accelerated presbycusis (NAP) protocol and tested at 6 and 16 months of age, using auditory brainstem responses, Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunocytochemistry. Chronic noise-exposure leading to permanent auditory threshold shifts in 6-month-old rats, resulted in impaired sodium/potassium activity, degenerative changes in the lateral wall and spiral ganglion, increased lipid peroxidation, and sustained cochlear inflammation with advancing age. Additionally, at 6 months, noise-exposed rats showed significant increases in the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1/2, glutathione peroxidase 1, and catalase) and inflammation-associated molecules [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha]. The levels of IL-1β were upregulated in the spiral ganglion and spiral ligament, particularly in type IV fibrocytes; these cells showed decreased levels of connective tissue growth factor and increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal. These data provide functional, structural and molecular evidence that age-noise interaction contributes to exacerbating presbycusis in young rats by leading to progressive dysfunction and early degeneration of cochlear cells and structures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of NAP etiopathogenesis, which is essential as it affects the life quality of young adults worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Fuentes-Santamaría
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Susana Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Cruz Gabaldón-Ull
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José J. Cabanes-Sanchis
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José M. Juiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, NIFE-VIANNA, Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all-German Research Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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24
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Gröschel M, Voigt S, Schwitzer S, Ernst A, Basta D. Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity as a Potential Risk Factor for Increased Noise Trauma Susceptibility. Noise Health 2022; 24:1-6. [PMID: 35645133 PMCID: PMC9239143 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents the leading congenital viral infection in humans. Although congenital CMV due to vertically transmitted infections is the main cause of CMV-related diseases, adult CMV infections might still be of clinical significance. It is still discussed how far CMV seropositivity, due to horizontal infection in immunocompetent adults, is able to induce significant dysfunction. The present study investigates in how far CMV seropositivity is an additional risk factor for an increasing susceptibility to sensorineural hearing loss induced by acoustic injury during adulthood in a guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) model of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). METHODS Two groups (GPCMV seropositive vs. seronegative) of normal hearing adult guinea pigs were exposed to a broadband noise (5-20 kHz) for 2 hours at 115 dB sound pressure level. Frequency-specific auditory brainstem response recordings for determination of auditory threshold shift were carried out and the number of missing outer hair cells was counted 2 weeks after the noise exposure. RESULTS The data show a slightly increased shift in auditory thresholds in seropositive animals compared to the seronegative control group in response to noise trauma. However, the observed difference was significant at least at high frequencies. The differences in threshold shift are not correlated with outer hair cell loss between the experimental groups. CONCLUSION The results point to potential additional pathologies in a guinea pig NIHL model in correlation to GPCMV seropositivity, which should be taken into account when assessing risks of latent/reactivated CMV infection. Due to the relatively slight effect in the present data, the aim of future studies should be a more detailed consideration (e.g., larger sample size) and to localize possible target structures as well as the significance of the infection route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gröschel
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany,Address for correspondence: Dr Moritz Gröschel, Department of Otolaryngology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str 7, 12683 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
| | - Stefan Voigt
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Schwitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Ernst
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Basta
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
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Liu W, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R, Rask-Andersen H. Distribution of Immune Cells Including Macrophages in the Human Cochlea. Front Neurol 2021; 12:781702. [PMID: 34880828 PMCID: PMC8645652 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.781702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The human cochlea was earlier believed to lack capacity to mount specific immune responses. Recent studies established that the human cochlea holds macrophages. The cells appear to surveil, dispose of, and restore wasted cells to maintain tissue integrity. Macrophage activities are believed to be the central elements in immune responses and could swiftly defuse invading microbes that enter via adjacent infection-prone areas. This review updates recent human studies in light of the current literature and adds information about chemokine gene expression. Materials and Methods: We analyzed surgically obtained human tissue using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and multichannel super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. The samples were considered representative of steady-state conditions. Antibodies against the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 were used to identify the macrophages. CD68 and CD11b, and the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHCII) and CD4 and CD8 were analyzed. The RNAscope technique was used for fractalkine gene localization. Results: Many macrophages were found around blood vessels in the stria vascularis but not CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Amoeboid macrophages were identified in the spiral ganglion with surveilling "antennae" projecting against targeted cells. Synapse-like contacts were seen on spiral ganglion cell bodies richly expressing single CXC3CL gene transcripts. Branching neurite-like processes extended along central and peripheral axons. Active macrophages were occasionally found near degenerating hair cells. Some macrophage-interacting T lymphocytes were observed between the scala tympani wall and Rosenthal's canal. CD4 and CD8 cells were not found in the organ of Corti. Conclusions: The results indicate that the human cochlea is equipped with macrophages and potentially lymphocytes, suggesting both an innate and adaptive immune capacity. A rich expression of fractalkine gene transcripts in spiral ganglion neurons suggest an essential role for auditory nerve protection, as has been demonstrated experimentally. The findings provide further information on the important role of the immune machinery present in the human inner ear and its potential to carry adverse immune reactions, including cytotoxic and foreign body responses. The results can be used to form a rationale for therapies aiming to modulate these immune activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Danckwardt-Lillieström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneliese Schrott-Fischer
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Bae SH, Yoo JE, Hong JW, Park HR, Noh B, Kim H, Kang M, Hyun YM, Gee HY, Choi JY, Jung J. LCCL peptide cleavage after noise exposure exacerbates hearing loss and is associated with the monocyte infiltration in the cochlea. Hear Res 2021; 412:108378. [PMID: 34735822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic trauma induces an inflammatory response in the cochlea, resulting in debilitating hearing function. Clinically, amelioration of inflammation substantially prevents noise-induced hearing loss. The Limulus factor C, Cochlin, and Lgl1 (LCCL) peptide plays an important role in innate immunity during bacteria-induced inflammation in the cochlea. We aimed to investigate the LCCL-induced innate immune response to noise exposure and its impact on hearing function. METHODS We used Coch (encodes cochlin harboring LCCL peptide) knock-out and p.G88E knock-in mice to compare the immune responses before and after noise exposure. We explored their hearing function and hair cell degeneration. Moreover, we investigated distinct characteristics of immune responses upon noise exposure using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. RESULTS One day after noise exposure, the LCCL peptide cleaved from cochlin increased over time in the perilymph space. Both Coch-/- and CochG88E/G88E mutant mice revealed more preserved hearing following acoustic trauma compared to wild-type mice. The outer hair cells were more preserved in Coch-/- than in wild-type mice upon noise exposure. The RNA sequencing data demonstrated significantly upregulated cell migration gene ontology in wild-type mice than in Coch-/- mice following noise exposure, indicating that the infiltration of immune cells was dependent on cochlin. Notably, infiltrated monocytes from blood (C11b+/Ly6G-/Ly6C+) were remarkably higher in wild-type mice than in Coch-/- mice at 1 day after noise exposure. CONCLUSIONS Noise-induced hearing loss was attributed to over-stimulated cochlin, and led to the cleavage and secretion of LCCL peptide in the cochlea. The LCCL peptide recruited more monocytes from the blood vessels upon noise stimulation, thus highlighting a novel therapeutic target for noise-induced hearing loss.
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Key Words
- AIED, Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
- Acoustic trauma, animal study, inflammatory response, LCCL peptide, noise-induced hearing loss, Abbreviations, ABR, auditory brainstem response
- CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- KO, knock-out
- LCCL, Limulus factor C, Cochlin, and Lgl1
- NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SPL, sound pressure level
- Tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghwa Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Stothert AR, Kaur T. Innate Immunity to Spiral Ganglion Neuron Loss: A Neuroprotective Role of Fractalkine Signaling in Injured Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:694292. [PMID: 34408629 PMCID: PMC8365835 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.694292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysregulation is increasingly being attributed to the development of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases. This, in large part, is due to the delicate relationship that exists between neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the resident immune cells that aid in homeostasis and immune surveillance within a tissue. Classically, the inner ear was thought to be immune privileged due to the presence of a blood-labyrinth barrier. However, it is now well-established that both vestibular and auditory end organs in the inner ear contain a resident (local) population of macrophages which are the phagocytic cells of the innate-immune system. Upon cochlear sterile injury or infection, there is robust activation of these resident macrophages and a predominant increase in the numbers of macrophages as well as other types of leukocytes. Despite this, the source, nature, fate, and functions of these immune cells during cochlear physiology and pathology remains unclear. Migration of local macrophages and infiltration of bone-marrow-derived peripheral blood macrophages into the damaged cochlea occur through various signaling cascades, mediated by the release of specific chemical signals from damaged sensory and non-sensory cells of the cochlea. One such signaling pathway is CX3CL1-CX3CR1, or fractalkine (FKN) signaling, a direct line of communication between macrophages and sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea. Despite the known importance of this neuron-immune axis in CNS function and pathology, until recently it was not clear whether this signaling axis played a role in macrophage chemotaxis and SGN survival following cochlear injury. In this review, we will explore the importance of innate immunity in neurodegenerative disease development, specifically focusing on the regulation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, and present evidence for a role of FKN signaling in cochlear neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rigel Stothert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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28
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Díaz I, Colmenárez-Raga AC, Pérez-González D, Carmona VG, Plaza Lopez I, Merchán MA. Effects of Multisession Anodal Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Cortex on Temporary Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in the Rat. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642047. [PMID: 34393701 PMCID: PMC8358804 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of the efferent system against acoustic trauma (AT) has been shown by several experimental approaches, including damage to one ear, sectioning of the olivocochlear bundle (OCB) in the floor of the IV ventricle, and knock-in mice overexpressing outer hair cell (OHC) cholinergic receptors, among others. Such effects have been related to changes in the regulation of the cholinergic efferent system and in cochlear amplification, which ultimately reverse upon protective hearing suppression. In addition to well-known circuits of the brainstem, the descending corticofugal pathway also regulates efferent neurons of the olivary complex. In this study, we applied our recently developed experimental paradigm of multiple sessions of electrical stimulation (ES) to activate the efferent system in combination with noise overstimulation. ABR thresholds increased 1 and 2 days after AT (8-16 kHz bandpass noise at 107 dB for 90 min) recovering at AT + 14 days. However, after multiple sessions of epidural anodal stimulation, no changes in thresholds were observed following AT. Although an inflammatory response was also observed 1 day after AT in both groups, the counts of reactive macrophages in both experimental conditions suggest decreased inflammation in the epidural stimulation group. Quantitative immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) showed a significant decrease in the size and optical density of the efferent terminals 1 day after AT and a rebound at 14 days, suggesting depletion of the terminals followed by a long-term compensatory response. Such a synthesis recovery was significantly higher upon cortical stimulation. No significant correlation was found between ChAT optical density and size of the buttons in sham controls (SC) and ES/AT + 1day animals; however, significant negative correlations were shown in all other experimental conditions. Therefore, our comparative analysis suggests that cochleotopic cholinergic neurotransmission is also better preserved after multisession epidural stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - David Pérez-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Venezia G Carmona
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Plaza Lopez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel A Merchán
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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29
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Noise-Induced Cochlear Damage Involves PPAR Down-Regulation through the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081188. [PMID: 34439436 PMCID: PMC8388985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation seems to play a key role in noise-induced hearing loss. Several studies have addressed the role of PPAR receptors in mediating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and, although its protective activity has been demonstrated in several tissues, less is known about how PPARs could be involved in cochlear dysfunction induced by noise exposure. In this study, we used an in vivo model of noise-induced hearing loss to investigate how oxidative stress and inflammation participate in cochlear dysfunction through PPAR signaling pathways. Specifically, we found a progressive decrease in PPAR expression in the cochlea after acoustic trauma, paralleled by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. By comparing an antioxidant (Q-ter) and an anti-inflammatory (Anakinra) treatment, we demonstrated that oxidative stress is the primary element of damage in noise-induced cochlear injury and that increased inflammation can be considered a consequence of PPAR down-regulation induced by ROS production. Indeed, by decreasing oxidative stress, PPARs returned to control values, reactivating the negative control on inflammation in a feedback loop.
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30
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Li S, Zheng H, Xing Z, Liu Y, Han L, Wang Z, Yu L. The circadian timing of noise exposure influences noise-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse cochlea. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88 Suppl 3:S1-S8. [PMID: 34217678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common forms of sensorineural hearing loss. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss are still not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamics of inflammatory responses in the mammalian cochlea following noise trauma at two different times, once during the light cycle and once during the dark. METHODS We challenged C57BL/6J mice with moderate, continuous noise trauma at either 9 a.m. or 9 p.m. Auditory function, histological changes in hair cells, and modifications in gene expression levels of inflammatory mediators were assessed at specific time points. Shifts in auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after noise exposure to measure potential noise-induced hearing loss. Cochlear basilar-membrane immunofluorescent staining was performed at 3 and 14 days after noise exposure. The mRNA levels of several inflammatory mediators were measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction before (pre) and after (0, 3, 12, 24 and 72 h) noise exposure. RESULTS We found that all noise-exposed mice developed a temporary threshold shift and that there were no significant differences between daytime and nighttime noise exposures in terms of inducing hearing-threshold shifts. Similarly, we did not detect significant histological changes in hair cells between these two groups. However, we discovered an interesting phenomenon in that the peak mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and TNF-α were higher in day noise-exposed mice compared to those in night noise-exposed mice, and these mRNA levels subsided more slowly in day noise-exposed mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these observations suggest that the circadian timing of noise exposure has a significant effect on noise-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse cochlea and that a greater inflammatory response might occur after daytime exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhimin Xing
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Bei Jing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lisheng Yu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, PR China.
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Liu Z, Bai X, Wan P, Mo F, Chen G, Zhang J, Gao J. Targeted Deletion of Loxl3 by Col2a1-Cre Leads to Progressive Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683495. [PMID: 34150778 PMCID: PMC8212933 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that play an essential role in the structure of the inner ear and provide elasticity and rigidity when the signals of sound are received and transformed into electrical signals. LOXL3 is a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family that are copper-dependent amine oxidases, generating covalent cross-links to stabilize polymeric elastin and collagen fibers in the ECM. Biallelic missense variant of LOXL3 was found in Stickler syndrome with mild conductive hearing loss. However, available information regarding the specific roles of LOXL3 in auditory function is limited. In this study, we showed that the Col2a1-Cre-mediated ablation of Loxl3 in the inner ear can cause progressive hearing loss, degeneration of hair cells and secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. The abnormal distribution of type II collagen in the spiral ligament and increased inflammatory responses were also found in Col2a1–Loxl3–/– mice. Amino oxidase activity exerts an effect on collagen; thus, Loxl3 deficiency was expected to result in the instability of collagen in the spiral ligament and the basilar membrane, which may interfere with the mechanical properties of the organ of Corti and induce the inflammatory responses that are responsible for the hearing loss. Overall, our findings suggest that Loxl3 may play an essential role in maintaining hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinfeng Bai
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peifeng Wan
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Mo
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tani T, Koike-Tani M, Tran MT, Shribak M, Levic S. Postnatal structural development of mammalian Basilar Membrane provides anatomical basis for the maturation of tonotopic maps and frequency tuning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7581. [PMID: 33828185 PMCID: PMC8027603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The basilar membrane (BM) of the mammalian cochlea constitutes a spiraling acellular ribbon that is intimately attached to the organ of Corti. Its graded stiffness, increasing from apex to the base of the cochlea provides the mechanical basis for sound frequency analysis. Despite its central role in auditory signal transduction, virtually nothing is known about the BM's structural development. Using polarized light microscopy, the present study characterized the architectural transformations of freshly dissected BM at time points during postnatal development and maturation. The results indicate that the BM structural elements increase progressively in size, becoming radially aligned and more tightly packed with maturation and reach the adult structural signature by postnatal day 20 (P20). The findings provide insight into structural details and developmental changes of the mammalian BM, suggesting that BM is a dynamic structure that changes throughout the life of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tani
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Koike-Tani
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Thi Tran
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael Shribak
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Snezana Levic
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
- Sensory Neuroscience Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.
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Xu K, Chen S, Xie L, Qiu Y, Bai X, Liu XZ, Zhang HM, Wang XH, Jin Y, Sun Y, Kong WJ. Local Macrophage-Related Immune Response Is Involved in Cochlear Epithelial Damage in Distinct Gjb2-Related Hereditary Deafness Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:597769. [PMID: 33505961 PMCID: PMC7829512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-related immune response is an important component of the cochlear response to different exogenous stresses, including noise, ototoxic antibiotics, toxins, or viral infection. However, the role of the immune response in hereditary deafness caused by genetic mutations is rarely explored. GJB2, encoding connexin 26 (Cx26), is the most common deafness gene of hereditary deafness. In this study, two distinct Cx26-null mouse models were established to investigate the types and underlying mechanisms of immune responses. In a systemic Cx26-null model, macrophage recruitment was observed, associated with extensive cell degeneration of the cochlear epithelium. In a targeted-cell Cx26-null model, knockout of Cx26 was restricted to specific supporting cells (SCs), which led to preferential loss of local outer hair cells (OHCs). This local OHC loss can also induce a macrophage-related immune response. Common inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, Icam-1, Mif, Cx3cr1, Tlr4, Ccl2, and Ccr2, did not change significantly, while mRNA of Cx3cl1 was upregulated. Quantitative immunofluorescence showed that the protein expression of CX3CL1 in Deiters cells, a type of SC coupled with OHCs, increased significantly after OHC death. OHC loss caused the secondary death of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), while the remaining SGNs expressed high levels of CX3CL1 with infiltrated macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that CX3CL1 signaling regulates macrophage recruitment and that enhancement of macrophage antigen-presenting function is associated with cell degeneration in Cx26-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Medical College, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Perin P, Mabou Tagne A, Enrico P, Marino F, Cosentino M, Pizzala R, Boselli C. Cannabinoids, Inner Ear, Hearing, and Tinnitus: A Neuroimmunological Perspective. Front Neurol 2020; 11:505995. [PMID: 33329293 PMCID: PMC7719758 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.505995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries for recreational and therapeutic purposes. Whereas, the recreative uses are based on the psychotropic effect of some of its compounds, its therapeutic effects range over a wide spectrum of actions, most of which target the brain or the immune system. Several studies have found cannabinoid receptors in the auditory system, both at peripheral and central levels, thus raising the interest in cannabinoid signaling in hearing, and especially in tinnitus, which is affected also by anxiety, memory, and attention circuits where cannabinoid effects are well described. Available studies on animal models of tinnitus suggest that cannabinoids are not likely to be helpful in tinnitus treatment and could even be harmful. However, the pharmacology of cannabinoids is very complex, and most studies focused on neural CB1R-based responses. Cannabinoid effects on the immune system (where CB2Rs predominate) are increasingly recognized as essential in understanding nervous system pathological responses, and data on immune cannabinoid targets have emerged in the auditory system as well. In addition, nonclassical cannabinoid targets (such as TRP channels) appear to play an important role in the auditory system as well. This review will focus on neuroimmunological mechanisms for cannabinoid effects and their possible use as protective and therapeutic agents in the ear and auditory system, especially in tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perin
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Pizzala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Peeleman N, Verdoodt D, Ponsaerts P, Van Rompaey V. On the Role of Fibrocytes and the Extracellular Matrix in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Spiral Ligament. Front Neurol 2020; 11:580639. [PMID: 33193034 PMCID: PMC7653186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiral ligament in the cochlea has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of different etiologies of strial hearing loss. Spiral ligament fibrocytes (SLFs), the main cell type in the lateral wall, are crucial in maintaining the endocochlear potential and regulating blood flow. SLF dysfunction can therefore cause cochlear dysfunction and thus hearing impairment. Recent studies have highlighted the role of SLFs in the immune response of the cochlea. In contrast to sensory cells in the inner ear, SLFs (more specifically type III fibrocytes) have also demonstrated the ability to regenerate after different types of trauma such as drug toxicity and noise. SLFs are responsible for producing proteins, such as collagen and cochlin, that create an adequate extracellular matrix to thrive in. Any dysfunction of SLFs or structural changes to the extracellular matrix can significantly impact hearing function. However, SLFs may prove useful in restoring hearing by their potential to regenerate cells in the spiral ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Peeleman
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien Verdoodt
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Bae SH, Kwak SH, Yoo JE, Kim KM, Hyun YM, Choi JY, Jung J. Three-Dimensional Distribution of Cochlear Macrophages in the Lateral Wall of Cleared Cochlea. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 14:179-184. [PMID: 32734741 PMCID: PMC8111389 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Resident macrophages are well known to be present in the cochlea, but the exact patterns thereof in spiral ligaments have not been discussed in previous studies. We sought to document the distribution of macrophages in intact cochleae using three-dimensional imaging. Methods Cochleae were obtained from C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1+/GFP mice, and organ clearing was performed. Three-dimensional images of cleared intact cochleae were reconstructed using two-photon microscopy. The locations of individual macrophages were investigated using 100-μm stacked images to reduce bias. Cochlear inflammation was then induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation into the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. Four days after inoculation, three-dimensional images were obtained. Results Macrophages were scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis, particularly the area just beneath it even though many have suspected macrophages to be abundant in this area. This finding remained consistent upon LPS-induced cochlear inflammation, despite a significant increase in the number of macrophages, compared to non-treated cochlea. Conclusion Resident macrophages in spiral ligaments are scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kwak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Biocompatibility of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rat Inner Ear following Trans-Tympanic Administration. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061711. [PMID: 32498432 PMCID: PMC7355977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell therapy have led to an increased interest within the auditory community in exploring the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of inner ear disorders. However, the biocompatibility of MSCs with the inner ear, especially when delivered non-surgically and in the immunocompetent cochlea, is not completely understood. In this study, we determined the effect of intratympanic administration of rodent bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) on the inner ear in an immunocompetent rat model. The administration of MSCs did not lead to the generation of any oxidative stress in the rat inner ear. There was no significant production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, due to BM-MSCs administration into the rat cochlea. BM-MSCs do not activate caspase 3 pathway, which plays a central role in sensory cell damage. Additionally, transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining determined that there was no significant cell death associated with the administration of BM-MSCs. The results of the present study suggest that trans-tympanic administration of BM-MSCs does not result in oxidative stress or inflammatory response in the immunocompetent rat cochlea.
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