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Dong L, Hu S, Li X, Pei S, Jin L, Zhang L, Chen X, Min A, Yin M. SPP1 + TAM Regulates the Metastatic Colonization of CXCR4 + Metastasis-Associated Tumor Cells by Remodeling the Lymph Node Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400524. [PMID: 39236316 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis, the initial step in distant metastasis, represents a primary contributor to mortality in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis in OSCC remain incompletely understood. Here, the transcriptomes of 56 383 single cells derived from paired tissues of six OSCC patients are analyzed. This study founds that CXCR4+ epithelial cells, identified as highly malignant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), exhibited a propensity for lymph node metastasis. Importantly, a distinct subset of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) characterized by exclusive expression of phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is discovered. These TAMs may remodel the metastatic lymph node microenvironment by potentially activating fibroblasts and promoting T cell exhaustion through SPP1-CD44 and CD155-CD226 ligand-receptor interactions, thereby facilitating colonization and proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. The research advanced the mechanistic understanding of metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and provided a foundation for the development of personalized treatments for OSCC patients with metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shujun Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacail Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Insititute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Anjie Min
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacail Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Insititute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Yan H, He L, Lv D, Yang J, Yuan Z. The Role of the Dysregulated JNK Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases and Its Potential Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:243. [PMID: 38397480 PMCID: PMC10887252 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
JNK is named after c-Jun N-terminal kinase, as it is responsible for phosphorylating c-Jun. As a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, JNK is also known as stress-activated kinase (SAPK) because it can be activated by extracellular stresses including growth factor, UV irradiation, and virus infection. Functionally, JNK regulates various cell behaviors such as cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and metabolic reprogramming. Dysregulated JNK signaling contributes to several types of human diseases. Although the role of the JNK pathway in a single disease has been summarized in several previous publications, a comprehensive review of its role in multiple kinds of human diseases is missing. In this review, we begin by introducing the landmark discoveries, structures, tissue expression, and activation mechanisms of the JNK pathway. Next, we come to the focus of this work: a comprehensive summary of the role of the deregulated JNK pathway in multiple kinds of diseases. Beyond that, we also discuss the current strategies for targeting the JNK pathway for therapeutic intervention and summarize the application of JNK inhibitors as well as several challenges now faced. We expect that this review can provide a more comprehensive insight into the critical role of the JNK pathway in the pathogenesis of human diseases and hope that it also provides important clues for ameliorating disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Lanfang He
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - De Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Liu S, Li Z, Lan S, Hao H, Baz AA, Yan X, Gao P, Chen S, Chu Y. The Dual Roles of Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Inflammation, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, and Pathogen Infection Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:824. [PMID: 38255898 PMCID: PMC10815024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are pivotal regulators in the cellular life process. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) family, plays a crucial role as cells respond to various stresses and damage. As a transcription factor, ATF3 significantly influences signal transduction regulation, orchestrating a variety of signaling pathways, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and cellular differentiation. In addition, ATF3 serves as an essential link between inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. This review summarizes the recent advances in research on ATF3 activation and its role in regulating inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis while exploring the dual functions of ATF3 in these processes. Additionally, this article discusses the role of ATF3 in diseases related to pathogenic microbial infections. Our review may be helpful to better understand the role of ATF3 in cellular responses and disease progression, thus promoting advancements in clinical treatments for inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xinmin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. The ATF3-OPG Axis Contributes to Bone Formation by Regulating the Differentiation of Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073500. [PMID: 35408860 PMCID: PMC8998270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been identified as a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation in in vitro study. However, it was not associated with osteoblast differentiation in in vivo study. To provide an understanding of the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro findings regarding the function of ATF3 in osteoblasts, we investigated the unidentified roles of ATF3 in osteoblast biology. ATF3 enhanced osteoprotegerin (OPG) production, not only in osteoblast precursor cells, but also during osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic adipocyte differentiation. In addition, ATF3 increased nodule formation in immature osteoblasts and decreased osteoblast-dependent osteoclast formation, as well as the transdifferentiation of osteoblasts to adipocytes. However, all these effects were reversed by the OPG neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF3 contributes to bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation of various cell types in the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and adipocytes via inducing OPG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2835
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The Roles of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) in Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179640. [PMID: 34502556 PMCID: PMC8431791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are among the most crucial mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. Microbes heavily rely on cellular signaling pathways for their effective replication; hence, JNKs may play important roles in infectious diseases. In this review, we describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs and JNKs in apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of JNKs in various infectious diseases induced by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, as well as their potential to serve as targets for the development of therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. We expect this review to expand our understanding of the JNK signaling pathway’s role in infectious diseases and provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Zu T, Wang D, Xu S, Lee CAA, Zhen E, Yoon CH, Abarzua P, Wang S, Frank NY, Wu X, Lian CG, Murphy GF. ATF-3 expression inhibits melanoma growth by downregulating ERK and AKT pathways. J Transl Med 2021; 101:636-647. [PMID: 33299127 PMCID: PMC8091967 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3), a cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor, has been shown to play a regulatory role in melanoma, although its function during tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ATF-3 exhibits tumor suppressive function in melanoma. Specifically, ATF-3 nuclear expression was significantly diminished with melanoma progression from nevi to primary to metastatic patient melanomas, correlating low expression with poor prognosis. Significantly low expression of ATF-3 was also found in cultured human metastatic melanoma cell lines. Importantly, overexpression of ATF-3 in metastatic melanoma cell lines significantly inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro; as well as abrogated tumor growth in a human melanoma xenograft mouse model in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis revealed downregulation of ERK and AKT pathways and upregulation in apoptotic-related genes in ATF-3 overexpressed melanoma cell lines, which was further validated by Western-blot analysis. In summary, this study demonstrated that diminished ATF-3 expression is associated with melanoma virulence and thus provides a potential target for novel therapies and prognostic biomarker applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjian Zu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana Wang
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine A A Lee
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Zhen
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phammela Abarzua
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christine G Lian
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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ATF3 Promotes Arsenic-Induced Apoptosis and Oppositely Regulates DR5 and Bcl-xL Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084223. [PMID: 33921748 PMCID: PMC8072958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the most common environmental pollutants eliciting serious public health issues; however, it is also a well-recognized chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The association between arsenic exposure and lung diseases has been established, but underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Here we investigated the toxicology of arsenic in airway epithelium. Arsenic rapidly induced the activating transcription factor ATF3 expression through the JNK and p38 pathways. The ATF3-deficient BEAS-2B cells were relatively resistant to apoptosis upon arsenic exposure, indicating a facilitatory role of ATF3 in arsenic-induced apoptosis. We further showed that ATF3 oppositely regulated the transcription of death receptor (DR5) and Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl-xL) by directly binding to the promoter DR5 and Bcl-xL. Altogether, our findings establish ATF3 as a pro-apoptotic protein in arsenic-induced airway epithelial apoptosis through transcriptionally regulating DR5 and Bcl-xL, highlighting the potential of ATF3 as an early and sensitive biomarker for arsenic-caused lung injury.
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He Y, Zhang X, Sun Y, Gong P, Yu H. Promotion properties of TLR7 in pediatric meningitis via the NF-κB pathway. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:39-48. [PMID: 33428046 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Meningitis outcome is associated with the severity of inflammation in the subarachnoid space and that the outcome can be improved through anti-inflammation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis underlying inflammatory responses in meningitis remains enigmatic. In the current study, we sought to determine the molecular mechanism of TLR7/NF-κB on the development of meningitis in children. Cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and children with simple febrile convulsions was collected, and meningitis mouse model was induced. TLR7 expression was determined in the serum of meningitis model mice and the cerebrospinal fluid of patients using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Afterwards, loss- and gain- function assays were conducted to determine the functional role of TLR7 in meningitis mouse model. The level of procalcitonin (PCT) and the number of bacterial colonies in the serum were analyzed. ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors. Upregulated level of TLR7 was observed in patients and mice with meningitis. Inhibiting the expression of TLR7 inhibited the development of meningitis. Overexpressing TLR7 can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote mouse meningitis. NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor reversed promotion of meningitis caused by TLR7 activation. Our study provides evidence that TLR7 elevation can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote meningitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei He
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Kunming Children's Hospital, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China
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Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32922364 PMCID: PMC7457002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. ATF3 acts as a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Multiple extracellular signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cytokines, chemokines, and LPS, are connected to ATF3 induction. The function of ATF3 as a regulator of metabolism and immunity has recently sparked intense attention. In this review, we describe how ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. We then focus on the role of ATF3 and ATF3-regulated signals in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. The roles of ATF3 in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue regulation are also explored. Next, we summarize how ATF3 regulates immunity and maintains normal host defense. In addition, we elaborate on the roles of ATF3 as a regulator of prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. Further understanding of how ATF3 regulates signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, adipocyte metabolism, immuno-responsiveness, and oncogenesis in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers, is then provided. Finally, we demonstrate that ATF3 acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis and, therefore, may be an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic dyshomeostasis, immune disorders, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Feng Cheng
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Abdellatif AM, Jensen Smith H, Harms RZ, Sarvetnick NE. Human Islet Response to Selected Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Bacteria: A Transcriptome-Based Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2623. [PMID: 31781116 PMCID: PMC6857727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. T1D subjects were recently shown to harbor distinct intestinal microbiome profiles. Based on these findings, the role of gut bacteria in T1D is being intensively investigated. The mechanism connecting intestinal microbial homeostasis with the development of T1D is unknown. Specific gut bacteria such as Bacteroides dorei (BD) and Ruminococcus gnavus (RG) show markedly increased abundance prior to the development of autoimmunity. One hypothesis is that these bacteria might traverse the damaged gut barrier, and their constituents elicit a response from human islets that causes metabolic abnormalities and inflammation. We have tested this hypothesis by exposing human islets to BD and RG in vitro, after which RNA-Seq analysis was performed. The bacteria altered expression of many islet genes. The commonly upregulated genes by these bacteria were cytokines, chemokines and enzymes, suggesting a significant effect of gut bacteria on islet antimicrobial and biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, each bacteria displayed a unique set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs revealed that top activated pathways and diseases included TREM1 signaling and inflammatory response, illustrating the ability of bacteria to induce islet inflammation. The increased levels of selected factors were confirmed using immunoblotting and ELISA methods. Our data demonstrate that islets produce a complex anti-bacterial response. The response includes both symbiotic and pathogenic aspects. Both oxidative damage and leukocyte recruitment factors were prominent, which could induce beta cell damage and subsequent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdellatif
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heather Jensen Smith
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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11
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Kumar S, Sunagar R, Gosselin E. Bacterial Protein Toll-Like-Receptor Agonists: A Novel Perspective on Vaccine Adjuvants. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1144. [PMID: 31191528 PMCID: PMC6549121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for over a century, however, the search for safe and effective vaccine adjuvants continues. In recent decades toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonists have been investigated as potential vaccine adjuvants. In this regard, the majority of the currently investigated TLR agonists are non-protein microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides, oligonucleotides, and lipopeptides. On the other hand, a growing number of studies reveal that TLR signaling and immune responses can be activated by numerous bacterial proteins. However, their potential roles as adjuvants have been somewhat overlooked. Herein, we discuss several such bacterial proteins which exhibit adjuvant properties, including the activation of TLR signaling, antigen presenting cell maturation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and adaptive immune response. The protein nature of these TLR agonists presents several unique features not shared by non-protein TLR agonists. These properties include the amenability for modifying the structure and function as necessary for optimal immunogenicity and minimal toxicity. Protein adjuvants can be genetically fused to protein antigens which ensure the co-delivery of adjuvant-antigen not only into the same cell but also in the same endocytic cargo, leading to more effective activation of innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Raju Sunagar
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Hyderabad, India
| | - Edmund Gosselin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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12
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Wang H, Lian P, Niu X, Zhao L, Mu X, Feng B, Li J, Liang Z, Qiao J. TLR4 deficiency reduces pulmonary resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae in gut microbiota-disrupted mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209183. [PMID: 30562386 PMCID: PMC6298678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a clinically important pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disruption of the host gut microbiota by antibiotics reduces the pulmonary resistance to S. pneumoniae. The aim of our study was to determine the potential role of TLR4 in the reduced pulmonary resistance to S. pneumoniae following gut microbiota disruption. Wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics for 3 weeks by oral gavage to disrupt the gut microbiota, and subsequently inoculated intra-nasally with S. pneumoniae. The extent of the decline in pulmonary resistance in both animal groups was evaluated in terms of the overall survival and pulmonary bacterial clearance. Both survival and pulmonary clearance of S. pneumoniae were lower in the TLR4-deficient mice with disrupted gut microbiota, compared to their intestinally healthy counterparts after pneumococcal infection. However, the degree of decline was much lower in the TLR4-deficient mice compared to the wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that impaired TLR4 function might be the basis of the reduced pulmonary resistance to S. pneumoniae caused by gut microbiota disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjing Lian
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenni Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Zhang W, Wang H, Wang B, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Ma B, Wang J. Replacing the 238th aspartic acid with an arginine impaired the oligomerization activity and inflammation-inducing property of pyolysin. Virulence 2018; 9:1112-1125. [PMID: 30067143 PMCID: PMC6086297 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1491256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic pathogen. Pyolysin (PLO) importantly contributes to the pathogenicity of T. pyogenes. However, the relationship between the structure and function and the virulence of PLO is not well documented. In the current study, recombinant PLO (rPLO) and three rPLO mutants were prepared. rPLO D238R, a mutant with the 238th aspartic acid replaced with an arginine, showed impairment in oligomerization activity on cholesterol-containing liposome and pore-forming activity on sheep red blood cell membrane. Further study employing the prepared mutants confirmed that the pore-forming activity of PLO is essential for inducing excessive inflammation responses in mice by upregulating the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. By contrast, rPLO P499F, another mutant with impaired cell membrane binding capacity, elicited an inflammation response that was dependent on pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) activity, given that the mutant significantly upregulated the expression of IL-10 in macrophages and in mice, whereas rPLO did not. Results indicated that domain 1 of the PLO molecule plays an important role in maintaining pore-forming activity. Moreover, the PLO pore-forming activity and not PAMP activity is responsible for the inflammation-inducing effect of PLO. The results of this study provided new information for research field on the structure, function, and virulence of PLO. Abbreviations: T. pyogenes: Trueperella pyogenes; PLO: Pyolysin; rPLO: recombinant PLO; PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular pattern; CDCs: cholesterol-dependent cytolysins; PLY: pneumolysin; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; Asp: aspartic acid; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; Arg: arginine; Asn: asparagine; IPTG: Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; sRBCs: sheep red blood cells; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; RBCM: red blood cell membrane; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; NC membrane: nitrocellulose membrane; SDS-AGE: dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis; MDBK cells: Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells; RPMI-1640 medium: Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Haili Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yunhao Hu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
| | - Junwei Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , PR China.,b China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Northeastern Science Inspection Station , Harbin , PR China
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14
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Cho SJ, Plataki M, Mitzel D, Lowry G, Rooney K, Stout-Delgado H. Decreased NLRP3 inflammasome expression in aged lung may contribute to increased susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:40-46. [PMID: 29203400 PMCID: PMC5869149 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-viral pneumococcal pneumonia is a leading morbidity and mortality in older patients (≥65years of age). The goal of our current study is to understand the impact of chronological aging on innate immune responses to a secondary, post viral infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of bacterial pneumonia. Using aged murine models of infection, our findings demonstrate increased morbidity and mortality in aged mice within 48h post-secondary S. pneumoniae infection. Increased susceptibility of aged mice was associated with decreased TLR1, TLR6, and TLR9 mRNA expression and diminished IL1β mRNA expression. Examination of NLRP3 inflammasome expression illustrated decreased NLRP3 mRNA expression and decreased IL1β production in aged lung in response to secondary S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Plataki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gena Lowry
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kristen Rooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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15
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Cho SJ, Rooney K, Choi AMK, Stout-Delgado HW. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aged macrophages is diminished during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L372-L387. [PMID: 29097427 PMCID: PMC5900358 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00393.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections are the eigth leading cause of death in the United States, and it is estimated that older patients (≥65 yr of age) account for the most serious cases. The goal of our current study is to understand the impact of biological aging on innate immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of bacterial pneumonia. With the use of in vitro and in vivo aged murine models, our findings demonstrate that age-enhanced unfolded protein responses (UPRs) contribute to diminished inflammasome assembly and activation during S. pneumoniae infection. Pretreatment of aged mice with endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and the stress-reducing agent tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) decreased mortality in aged hosts that was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, improved pathogen clearance, and decreased pneumonitis during infection. Taken together, our data provide new evidence as to why older persons are more susceptible to S. pneumoniae and provide a possible therapeutic target to decrease morbidity and mortality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Kristen Rooney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York
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16
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Jadhav K, Zhang Y. Activating transcription factor 3 in immune response and metabolic regulation. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:96-102. [PMID: 29242753 PMCID: PMC5724780 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a member of the ATF/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors. In response to stress stimuli, ATF3 forms dimers to activate or repress gene expression. Further, ATF3 modulates the immune response, atherogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that ATF3 may also be involved in pathogenesis of other diseases. However, more studies are needed to determine the role of ATF3 in metabolic regulation.
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17
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Su Y, Li D, Xing Y, Wang H, Wang J, Yuan J, Wang X, Cui F, Yin Y, Zhang X. Subcutaneous Immunization with Fusion Protein DnaJ-ΔA146Ply without Additional Adjuvants Induces both Humoral and Cellular Immunity against Pneumococcal Infection Partially Depending on TLR4. Front Immunol 2017; 8:686. [PMID: 28659923 PMCID: PMC5466963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines that are poorly immunogenic are often combined with adjuvants for immunization. Our previous research identified a pneumolysin variant (ΔA146Ply), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, that was an effective adjuvant in the protection of fusion protein DnaJ-ΔA146Ply against mucosal Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. For pneumococcal vaccines, World Health Organization recommend injection as a regular vaccination approach. Subcutaneous immunization is a common and effective method of injection, so we explored the immunity mechanism of subcutaneous immunization with DnaJ-ΔA146Ply. We found that mice immunized subcutaneously with fusion proteins ΔA146Ply-DnaJ and DnaJ-ΔA146Ply produced a higher anti-DnaJ IgG titer than when DnaJ alone was administered. DnaJ-ΔA146Ply induced both B-cell and T-cell-dependent protection against both colonization and lethal pneumococcal infections. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A were also elevated in DnaJ-ΔA146Ply immunized mice. However, all these effects were negated in TLR4-/- mice compared to WT mice immunized with DnaJ-ΔA146Ply. B-cell-deficient μMT mice, nude mice, IFN-γ-/-, and IL-4-/- mice immunized with DnaJ-ΔA146Ply could not resist infection with pneumococci. IL-17A-/- and TLR4-/- mice did not benefit from DnaJ-ΔPly immunization in colonization experiments although their survival was not impaired compared with WT mice. Collectively, our data indicated that ΔA146Ply can be a potential subcutaneous adjuvant, and the DnaJ-ΔA146Ply fusion protein induces both humoral and cellular immune response to resist S. pneumoniae infection. The protective effect of colonization also depends on TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Dagen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Effect of lipid-bound apolipoprotein A-I cysteine mutant on ATF3 in RAW264.7 cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160398. [PMID: 28093456 PMCID: PMC5291141 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a TLR-induced repressor that plays an important role in the inhibition of specific inflammatory signals. We previously constructed recombinant high density lipoproteins (rHDL) (including rHDLWT, rHDLM, rHDL228 and rHDL74) and found that rHDL74 had a strong anti-inflammatory ability. In the present study, we investigate the roles of recombinant apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) (rHDLWT) and its cysteine mutant HDLs (rHDLM, rHDL228 and rHDL74) on ATF3 function in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Our results showed that compared with the LPS group, rHDL74 can decrease the level of TNF-α and IL-6, whereas rHDL228 increases their expression levels. RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that compared with the LPS group, rHDL74, rHDLWT and rHDLM can markedly increase the expression level of ATF3, whereas the level of ATF3 decreases in the rHDL228 group. In summary, the different anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the ApoA-I cysteine mutants might be associated with the regulation of ATF3 level.
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