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Lee AV, Nestler KA, Chiappinelli KB. Therapeutic targeting of DNA methylation alterations in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108640. [PMID: 38570075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical component of gene regulation and plays an important role in the development of cancer. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and silencing of DNA repair pathways facilitate uncontrolled cell growth and synergize with oncogenic mutations to perpetuate cancer phenotypes. Additionally, aberrant DNA methylation hinders immune responses crucial for antitumor immunity. Thus, inhibiting dysregulated DNA methylation is a promising cancer therapy. Pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methylation reactivates silenced tumor suppressors and bolster immune responses through induction of viral mimicry. Now, with the advent of immunotherapies and discovery of the immune-modulatory effects of DNA methylation inhibitors, there is great interest in understanding how targeting DNA methylation in combination with other therapies can enhance antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the role of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer and mechanisms by which it promotes tumorigenesis and modulates immune responses. Finally, we review the initial discoveries and ongoing efforts to target DNA methylation as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin A Nestler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Lim NR, Chung WC. Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Progression of Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:171-179. [PMID: 37876256 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation due to a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a representative cause of gastric cancer that can promote gastric carcinogenesis by abnormally activating immune cells and increasing the inflammatory cytokines levels. H. pylori infections directly cause DNA double-strand breaks in gastric epithelial cells and genetic damage by increasing the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase. Eventually, gastric cancer is induced through dysplasia. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is an important cause of gastric cancer because of a H. pylori infection. In addition, the changes in gastric microbiota and the mucosal inflammatory changes associated with a co-infection with the Epstein-Barr virus are associated with gastric cancer development. DNA damage induced by H. pylori and the subsequent responses of gastric stem cells have implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Although the pathogenesis of H. pylori has been established, many uncertainties remain, requiring more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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3
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Lee JH, Park SA, Park IG, Yoon BK, Lee JS, Lee JM. Stem Cell Properties of Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells under Stress Conditions Are Regulated via the c-Fos/UCH-L3/β-Catenin Axis. Mol Cells 2023; 46:476-485. [PMID: 37460253 PMCID: PMC10440266 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) possess stem cell properties, such as self-renewal and tumorigenicity, which are known to induce high chemoresistance and metastasis. These characteristics of GCSCs are further enhanced by autophagy, worsening the prognosis of patients. Currently, the mechanisms involved in the induction of stemness in GCSCs during autophagy remain unclear. In this study, we compared the cellular responses of GCSCs with those of gastric cancer intestinal cells (GCICs) whose stemness is not induced by autophagy. In response to glucose starvation, the levels of β-catenin and stemness-related genes were upregulated in GCSCs, while the levels of β-catenin declined in GCICs. The pattern of deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 (UCH-L3) expression in GCSCs and GCICs was similar to that of β-catenin expression depending on glucose deprivation. We also observed that inhibition of UCH-L3 activity reduced β-catenin protein levels. The interaction between UCH-L3 and β-catenin proteins was confirmed, and it reduced the ubiquitination of β-catenin. Our results suggest that UCH-L3 induces the stabilization of β-catenin, which is required to promote stemness during autophagy activation. Also, UCH-L3 expression was regulated by c-Fos, and the levels of c-Fos increased in response to autophagy activation. In summary, our findings suggest that the inhibition of UCH-L3 during nutrient deprivation could suppress stress resistance of GCSCs and increase the survival rates of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Il-Geun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Akhavanfar R, Shafagh SG, Mohammadpour B, Farahmand Y, Lotfalizadeh MH, Kookli K, Adili A, Siri G, Eshagh Hosseini SM. A comprehensive insight into the correlation between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in gastric cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37386429 PMCID: PMC10308667 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as one of the most frequent malignancies with a growing rate of prevalence around the world. Despite considerable advances in therapeutic methods, the prognosis and management of patients with gastric cancer (GC) continue to be poor. As one of the candidate molecular targets in the treatment of many types of cancer, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway includes a family of proteins that have important functions in adult tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. The aberrant regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly correlated with the initiation and development of numerous cancers, including GC. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as one of the main targets for extending therapeutic approaches for GC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, are important components of epigenetic mechanisms in gene regulation. They play vital roles in various molecular and cellular processes and regulate many signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Insights into these regulatory molecules involved in GC development may lead to the identification of potential targets for overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Consequently, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNAs interactions involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway function in GC with diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li W, Zhang Y, Lv J, Zhang Y, Bai J, Zhen L, He X. MicroRNA-137-mediated lysine demethylase 4A regulates the recovery of spinal cord injury via the SFRP4-Wnt/β-Catenin axis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:37-50. [PMID: 33499717 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1881093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes great harm to the normal life of patients. Histone demethylase is involved in many biological processes, including SCI. Hence, this study explored the role and mechanism of histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) in SCI. METHODS The acute SCI (ASCI) rat model was established after spinal compression and the SCI neuronal model was induced via treating PC12 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). KDM4A expression during SCI was detected. The microRNA (miRNA) targeting KDM4A was predicted and verified. The miRNA and KDM4A expression patterns were intervened in LPS-stimulated PC12 cells to evaluate their combined effects on neuronal cells in SCI. The downstream pathways of KDM4A were predicted, and SFRP4 and H3K9me3 expressions were determined. After the intervention of SFRP4 in LPS-treated cells, β-Catenin expression and the effect of SFRP4 on neuronal cells in SCI were detected. Finally, the effectiveness of the miR-137/KDM4A/SFRP4/Wnt/β-Catenin axis was verified in vivo. RESULTS KDM4A was abnormally elevated in SCI. miR-137 targeted KDM4A. miR-137 effectively inhibited the apoptosis of LPS-challenged PC12 cells, which could be reversed after overexpressing KDM4A. KDM4A promoted SFRP4 expression through demethylation of H3K9me3. Overexpression of SFRP4 blocked the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and promoted apoptosis of LPS-stimulated cells. In vivo, miR-137 overexpression remarkably improved SCI symptoms, accompanied by obviously increased β-Catenin expression and notably decreased KDM4A and SFRP4 expressions, while overexpressed KDM4A treatment showed the opposite trend in the presence of miR-137. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that miR-137 targeted KDM4A and then downregulated SFRP4 to ameliorate SCI in a Wnt/β-Catenin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianrui Lv
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Luming Zhen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Environmentally relevant exposure to TBBPA and its analogues may not drastically affect human early cardiac development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119467. [PMID: 35577262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its substitutes and derivatives have been widely used as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), in the past few decades. As a consequence, these compounds are frequently detected in the environment, as well as human bodily fluids, especially umbilical cord blood and breast milk. This has raised awareness of their potential risks to fetuses and infants. In this study, we employed human embryonic stem cell differentiation models to assess the potential developmental toxicity of six TBBPA-like compounds, at human relevant nanomolar concentrations. To mimic early embryonic development, we utilized embryoid body-based 3D differentiation in presence of the six HFRs. Transcriptomics data showed that HFR exposure over 16 days of differentiation only interfered with the expression of a few genes, indicating those six HFRs may not have specific tissue/organ targets during embryonic development. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed that some cardiac-related genes were dysregulated. Since the heart is also the first organ to develop, we employed a cardiac differentiation model to analyze the six HFRs' potential developmental toxicity in more depth. Overall, HFRs of interest did not significantly disturb the canonical WNT pathway, which is an essential signal transduction pathway for cardiac development. In addition, the six HFRs showed only mild changes in gene expression levels for cardiomyocyte markers, such as NKX2.5, MYH7, and MYL4, as well as a significant down-regulation of some but not all the epicardial and smooth muscle cell markers selected. Taken together, our results show that the six studied HFRs, at human relevant concentrations, may impose negligible effects on embryogenesis and heart development. Nevertheless, higher exposure doses might affect the early stages of heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhang X, Li A, Wu J, Wu Y, Ma X, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Promoter methylation analysis of DKK2 may be a potential biomarker for early detection of cervical cancer. ASIAN BIOMED 2022; 16:181-189. [PMID: 37551167 PMCID: PMC10321177 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) plays an important role in multiple cancers. Its potential value in the clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer has remained unclear. Objectives To investigate the expression and promoter methylation levels of DKK2 in cervical cancer and their clinicopathological associations. Methods We used the Gene Expression Omnibus, Oncomine, Cancer Genome Atlas, and University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis databases, reverse transcription-PCR, and methylation-specific PCR analysis to predict and examine the expression of DKK2 mRNA and DKK2 methylation levels in cell lines and cervical cancer tissues from 79 patients with cervical cancer and 63 with cervical precancerous lesions including 25 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 38 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Results DKK2 mRNA expression was downregulated in all cancer cell lines and cervical cancer tissues, whereas hypermethylation of DKK2 was higher in cervical cancer tissue samples. DKK2 methylation in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in HSIL (χ2 = 8.346, P = 0.004), whereas DKK2 methylation in HSIL was significantly higher than that in normal cervical samples (χ2 = 7.934, P = 0.005) and in LSIL samples (χ2 = 4.375, P = 0.037). DKK2 silencing caused by its promoter hypermethylation was confirmed by treatment with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC in cell lines. Patients with lymph node metastasis exhibited increased promoter methylation frequency (χ2 = 5.239, P = 0.022) and low DKK2 mRNA expression (χ2 = 3.958, P = 0.047) compared with patients with no lymph node metastasis. Patients with high-risk human papillomavirus infection exhibited increased promoter methylation frequency (χ2 = 6.279, P = 0.015). Conclusions DKK2 epigenetic changes of DKK2 may play a key role in the development of cervical cancer, suggesting that DKK2 hypermethylation could be used as a triage test for screening, early diagnosis, or risk prediction of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong252000, China
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Yoon JH, Byun H, Ivan C, Calin GA, Jung D, Lee S. lncRNAs UC.145 and PRKG1-AS1 Determine the Functional Output of DKK1 in Regulating the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102369. [PMID: 35625973 PMCID: PMC9140071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DKK1 inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is known to be involved in various cancers. However, whether DKK1 acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene remains controversial. Furthermore, the DKK1-regulating mechanism in gastric cancer has not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to explore whether the ultraconserved region UC.145 regulates epigenetic changes in DKK1 expression in gastric cancer. Microarray analysis revealed that UC.145 exhibited the highest binding affinity to EZH2, a histone methyltransferase. The effects of UC.145 inactivation were assessed in gastric cancer cell lines using siRNA. The results indicated that UC.145 triggers DKK1 methylation via interaction with EZH2 and is involved in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, interaction between UC.145 and another long non-coding RNA adjacent to DKK1, PRKG1-AS1, induced a synergistic effect on Wnt signaling. The regulation of these three genes was closely associated with patient overall survival. Inactivation of UC.145 induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth and migratory, invasive, and colony-forming abilities of gastric cancer cells. The study findings provide insights into Wnt signaling in gastric cancer and support UC.145 as a potential novel predictive biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-ho Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-h.Y.); (H.B.)
| | - Hyojoo Byun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-h.Y.); (H.B.)
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Dahyun Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-h.Y.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-1996 (S.L.)
| | - Sangkil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-h.Y.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-1996 (S.L.)
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Dong Z, Liao Z, He Y, Wu C, Meng Z, Qin B, Xu G, Li Z, Sun T, Wen Y, Li G. Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221117386. [PMID: 35950243 PMCID: PMC9379803 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly
occurring in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high morbidity
and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25
nucleotides, are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and
apoptosis to regulate the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Studies
have found that microRNAs are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis of osteosarcoma patients and have an important role in improving drug
resistance in osteosarcoma. This paper reviews the role of microRNAs in the
pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and their clinical value, aiming to provide a new
research direction for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma and achieving a
better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yonglin He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengye Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixiang Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baolong Qin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ge Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianxin Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuyan Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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10
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Peng S, Gao Y, Shi S, Zhao D, Cao H, Fu T, Cai X, Xiao J. LncRNA-AK137033 inhibits the osteogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in diabetic osteoporosis by regulating Wnt signaling pathway via DNA methylation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13174. [PMID: 34953002 PMCID: PMC8780896 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone tissue engineering based on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is expected to become a new treatment for diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) patients with bone defects. However, compared with control ASCs (CON-ASCs), osteogenic potential of DOP-ASCs is decreased, which increased the difficulty of bone reconstruction in DOP patients. Moreover, the cause of the poor osteogenesis of ASCs in a hyperglycemic microenvironment has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study explored the molecular mechanism of the decline in the osteogenic potential of DOP-ASCs from the perspective of epigenetics to provide a possible therapeutic target for bone repair in DOP patients with bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS An animal model of DOP was established in mice. CON-ASCs and DOP-ASCs were isolated from CON and DOP mice, respectively. AK137033 small interfering RNA (SiRNA) and an AK137033 overexpression plasmid were used to regulate the expression of AK137033 in CON-ASCs and DOP-ASCs in vitro. Lentiviruses that carried shRNA-AK137033 or AK137033 cDNA were used to knockdown or overexpress AK137033, respectively, in CON-ASCs and DOP-ASCs in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's, alizarin red, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), flow cytometry, qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and bisulfite-specific PCR (BSP) were used to analyze the functional changes of ASCs. RESULTS The DOP mouse model was established successfully. Compared with CON-ASCs, AK137033 expression, the DNA methylation level of the sFrp2 promoter region, Wnt signaling pathway markers, and the osteogenic differentiation potential were decreased in DOP-ASCs. In vitro experiments showed that AK137033 silencing inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway and osteogenic ability of CON-ASCs by reducing the DNA methylation level in the sFrp2 promoter region. Additionally, overexpression of AK137033 in DOP-ASCs rescued these changes caused by DOP. Moreover, the same results were obtained in vivo. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA-AK137033 inhibits the osteogenic potential of DOP-ASCs by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway via modulating the DNA methylation level in the sFrp2 promoter region. This study provides an important reference to find new targets for the treatment of bone defects in DOP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Peng
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- National Key Clinical SpecialtyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Yujin Gao
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration LaboratoryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huayue Cao
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- National Key Clinical SpecialtyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- National Key Clinical SpecialtyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- National Key Clinical SpecialtyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration LaboratoryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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Choi JM, Kim SG. Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Epigenetic Changes in Gastric Cancer-related Genes. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that gastric carcinogenesis results from the progressive changes from chronic gastritis to gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in this process, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is believed to induce the initiation and progression of these steps. From an epigenetic point of view, H. pylori induces hypermethylation of genes involved in the development of gastric cancer and regulates the expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs). These H. pylori-related epigenetic changes are accumulated not only at the site of neoplasm but also in the adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Thereby, a state vulnerable to gastric cancer known as an epigenetic field defect is formed. H. pylori eradication can have an effective chemopreventive effect in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the molecular biological changes that occur in the stomach environment during H. pylori eradication have not yet been established. Several studies have reported that H. pylori eradication can restore infection-related changes, especially epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer-related genes, but some studies have shown otherwise. Simply put, it appears that the recovery of methylated gastric cancer-related genes and miRNAs during H. pylori eradication may vary among genes and may also differ depending on the histological subtype of the gastric mucosa. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanism of gastric cancer prevention by H. pylori eradication, mainly from an epigenetic perspective.
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Zeybek A, Öz N, Kalemci S, Tosun K, Edgünlü TG, Kızıltuğ MT, Tekin L, Erdal ME. The role of Wnt pathway antagonists in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:9-17. [PMID: 34779987 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to examine the expression levels of the genes encoding adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) 1, APC-2, Dickkopf related protein (DKK)-1, DKK-3, secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP)-2, SFRP-4, and SFRP-5, which play roles in the Wnt signaling pathway, in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues and to evaluate their relationships with clinicopathologic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue and adjacent intact lung tissue from 57 patients who underwent surgery for lung adenocarcinoma between 2011 and 2018 were determined by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS The expression levels of the DKK-1 in tumor tissue, especially in stage I-II tumor tissue, were significantly suppressed compared to those in normal tissue (p < 0.025). Whereas DKK-1 expression was suppressed in the tumor tissue of patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, expression of the SFRP-5 in these patients was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal tissue (p < 0.039). CONCLUSION In our study, opposing regulation was found between the SFRP-5 and DKK-1, which are known to be extracellular antagonists of the Wnt signaling pathway. The SFRP-5 was found to have an oncogenic role in adenocarcinoma development. Studies of the opposing regulation between these genes in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma may shed light on the mechanisms associated with the development of carcinogenesis. The relationships or interactions of these genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Zeybek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Necdet Öz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Private Antalya Med-Star Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kalemci
- Department of Chest Disease, Kocaeli Medikal Park Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Tuba Gökdoğan Edgünlü
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Leyla Tekin
- Department of Medical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
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Wu Q, Xu C, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Yang B, Rao Z. Tumor suppressor role of sFRP‑4 in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:336. [PMID: 33760186 PMCID: PMC7974405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor located in the liver. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP-4) is associated with cancer occurrence, but the relationship between sFRP-4 and HCC is not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism underlying sFRP-4 in HCC. sFRP-4 mRNA expression levels were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate HCCLM3 and Huh7 cell viability. Moreover, HCCLM3 and Huh7 cell proliferation were assessed using the BrdU ELISA assay kit, and cell apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry. Western blotting was conducted to measure β-catenin and GSK-3β protein expression levels. The results demonstrated that sFRP-4 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cells compared with adjacent healthy tissues and MIHA cells, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that compared with the control group, sFRP-4 overexpression inhibited HCC cell viability and proliferation, and accelerated HCC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the results suggested that sFRP-4 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating GSK-3β expression and downregulating β-catenin expression, thus restraining the malignant behavior of HCC cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that sFRP-4 served a tumor suppressor role in HCC cells by restraining the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Wu
- Cadre Ward Two, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Rao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhao C, Yuan G, Jiang Y, Xu J, Ye L, Zhan W, Wang J. Capn4 contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/MMP9 signalling pathways. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112220. [PMID: 32777225 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capn4, a small regulatory subunit of the calpain proteolytic system, functions as a potential tumor promoter in several cancers. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of Capn4 in gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood. In the current study, we found that upregulation of Capn4 was detected frequently in GC tissues, and was associated with significantly worse survival among the GC patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that abundance of Capn4 was an independent predictive marker for the poor prognosis of GC. Further, Capn4 knockdown notably suppressed GC invasion and metastasis in vitro. Consistently, a xenograft assay showed that silencing of Capn4 in GC cells suppressed their dissemination to lung tissue in vivo. Moreover, our results indicated that Capn4 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by increasing MMP9 expression, and demonstrated that MMP9 is crucial for the pro-metastasis role of Capn4 in GC cells. Further investigation revealed that Capn4 regulated MMP9 expression via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we found that Capn4 can decreased β-catenin ubiquitination to enhance the protein stability of β-catenin in GC cells. Collectively, Capn4 has a central role in gastric cancer metastasis, which could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwen Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Yuemei Jiang
- Department of prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Wenhui Zhan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China.
| | - Junfu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Zhou L, Huang W, Yu HF, Feng YJ, Teng X. Exploring TCGA database for identification of potential prognostic genes in stomach adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:264. [PMID: 32581654 PMCID: PMC7310509 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is the fifth most prevalent cancer in the world and ranks third among cancer-related deaths worldwide. The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. Hence, we calculated the immune and stromal scores to find the potential prognosis-related genes in STAD using bioinformatics analysis. Methods The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate the immune/stromal scores of the STAD samples. Functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and overall survival analysis were then performed on differential genes. And we validated these genes using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Finally, we used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases to verify these genes at the protein levels by IHC. Results Data analysis revealed correlation between stromal/immune scores and the TNM staging system. The top 10 core genes extracted from the PPI network, and primarily involved in immune responses, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. There are 31 genes have been validated with poor prognosis and 16 genes were upregulated in tumour tissues compared with normal tissues at the protein level. Conclusions In summary, we identified genes associated with the tumour microenvironment with prognostic implications in STAD, which may become potential therapeutic markers leading to better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - He-Fen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
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SFRP5 inhibits melanin synthesis of melanocytes in vitiligo by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Genes Dis 2020; 8:677-688. [PMID: 34291139 PMCID: PMC8278527 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) plays a pivotal role in regulating the development of many tissues and organs, however, as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, the role of SFRP5 in vitiligo remains unknown. Hence, we speculated that SFRP5 might be associated with melanogenesis in melanocytes by regulating Wnt signaling in vitiligo. In this study, we found that SFRP5 was overexpressed in the skin lesions of patients with vitiligo. Compared with that in normal epidermal melanocytes (PIG1), the expression of SFRP5 was increased in vitiligo melanocytes (PIG3V). To investigate the effect of SFRP5 on melanin synthesis, PIG1 cells were infected with recombinant SFRP5 adenovirus (AdSFRP5), and PIG3V cells were infected with recombinant siSFRP5 adenovirus (AdsiSFRP5). The results showed that SFRP5 overexpression inhibited melanin synthesis in PIG1 cells through downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its target proteins via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Accordingly, SFRP5 silencing increased melanin synthesis and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in PIG3V cells. Moreover, SFRP5 overexpression also downregulated the transcriptional activity of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) in PIG1 cells. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect of SFRP5 on melanin synthesis was reversed by treatment with the β-catenin agonist, SKL2001. The inhibitory action of SFRP5 in pigmentation was further confirmed in vivo using a nude mouse model. Hence, our results indicate that SFRP5 can inhibit melanogenesis in melanocytes. Additionally, our findings showed that SFRP5 plays a vital role in the development of vitiligo, and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.
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18
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Koushyar S, Powell AG, Vincan E, Phesse TJ. Targeting Wnt Signaling for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3927. [PMID: 32486243 PMCID: PMC7311964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, regulating both embryonic development and maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling controls several fundamental cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and stemness. It therefore plays an important role in the epithelial homeostasis and regeneration of the gastrointestinal tract. Often, both hypo- or hyper-activation of the pathway due to genetic, epigenetic, or receptor/ligand alterations are seen in many solid cancers, such as breast, colorectal, gastric, and prostate. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth commonest cause of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death annually. Although the number of new diagnoses has declined over recent decades, prognosis remains poor, with only 15% surviving to five years. Geographical differences in clinicopathological features are also apparent, with epidemiological and genetic studies revealing GC to be a highly heterogeneous disease with phenotypic diversity as a result of etiological factors. The molecular heterogeneity associated with GC dictates that a single 'one size fits all' approach to management is unlikely to be successful. Wnt pathway dysregulation has been observed in approximately 50% of GC tumors and may offer a novel therapeutic target for patients who would otherwise have a poor outcome. This mini review will highlight some recent discoveries involving Wnt signaling in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Arfon G. Powell
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (A.G.P.)
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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19
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Zhao SF, Yin XJ, Zhao WJ, Liu LC, Wang ZP. Biglycan as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple human cancers. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1673-1682. [PMID: 32194659 PMCID: PMC7039163 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN), a key member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, is an important component of the extracellular matrix. Clinical studies have demonstrated that upregulation of BGN is associated with poor prognosis in patients with various types of solid cancer. The present study analyzed the mRNA expression levels of BGN in various types of solid cancer when compared with that in normal tissues via the Oncomine database. The UALCAN, OncoLnc and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were additionally used to evaluate the prognostic values of BGN in patients with solid cancer and co-expression gene analysis was conducted using the protein-protein interaction networks of BGN. The present study observed that the mRNA expression levels of BGN were increased in bladder, brain and central nervous system, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, ovarian and 28 subtypes of cancer compared with normal tissues. The increased expression of BGN was identified to be associated with a poor outcome in ovarian and gastric cancer. Based on the co-expression network, BGN was identified as the key gene in a 43-gene network. The present findings of increased expression of BGN in solid tumors and its positive association with poor outcome on patient survival indicate that BGN may serve as a prognostic marker and as a target for novel therapeutics for multiple types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Feng Zhao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Mental Health Centre, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ju Zhao
- Operating Room, Qingdao Jinhua Gynecology Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, P.R. China
| | - Le-Cui Liu
- Neonatal Department, Wulian County People's Hospital, Wulian, Shandong 262300, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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Guo M, Peng Y, Gao A, Du C, Herman JG. Epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Biomark Res 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 31695915 PMCID: PMC6824025 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. Tumor genotype variations among tumors within different patients are known as interpatient heterogeneity, and variability among multiple tumors of the same type arising in the same patient is referred to as intra-patient heterogeneity. Subpopulations of cancer cells with distinct phenotypic and molecular features within a tumor are called intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Since Nowell proposed the clonal evolution of tumor cell populations in 1976, tumor heterogeneity, especially ITH, was actively studied. Research has focused on the genetic basis of cancer, particularly mutational activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). The phenomenon of ITH is commonly explained by Darwinian-like clonal evolution of a single tumor. Despite the monoclonal origin of most cancers, new clones arise during tumor progression due to the continuous acquisition of mutations. It is clear that disruption of the "epigenetic machinery" plays an important role in cancer development. Aberrant epigenetic changes occur more frequently than gene mutations in human cancers. The epigenome is at the intersection of the environment and genome. Epigenetic dysregulation occurs in the earliest stage of cancer. The current trend of epigenetic therapy is to use epigenetic drugs to reverse and/or delay future resistance to cancer therapies. A majority of cancer therapies fail to achieve durable responses, which is often attributed to ITH. Epigenetic therapy may reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous cancer. Complete understanding of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity may assist in designing combinations of targeted therapies based on molecular information extracted from individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Guo
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Yaojun Peng
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Aiai Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Chen Du
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - James G Herman
- 3The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Canonical and Non-canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2830-2842. [PMID: 30997579 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that dysregulation of Wnt signaling by gene mutation and abnormal gene expression is one of the causative factors for gastric cancer (GC). So far, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of gene mutation, gene expression, and DNA methylation profiles of the Wnt pathway associated with gastric carcinogenesis, however, has not yet been reported. AIMS To this end, we investigated all the above-mentioned genetic alterations associated with the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in GC tumors, in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The information on gene mutations and expression was obtained from data resources, such as TCGA, GSEA, and TCGA-STAD, and was analyzed with the cBioPortal platform. We also performed in vitro analysis on DDK2 gene, a Wnt inhibitor, to characterize its role in GC tumor cells. RESULTS We found that gene mutations of 43 Wnt genes and abnormal expression of 13 Wnt genes occurred at a high frequency in GC tumors, and gene amplification and deletion are the major mutation types. Clusters of DNA methylation associated with Wnt signaling genes and GC tumors were also revealed, and a significant increase in β-catenin activity was found in the hypermethylated group of GC tumors. In addition, overexpression of DKK2 gene significantly inhibited multiple biological processes of the GC cells, including their growth, clonal forming, migration, and invasion ability, and induced apoptosis of the GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggested that gene mutation, abnormal gene expression, and altered DNA methylation profiles associated with the Wnt signaling may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, and DKK2 gene may act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cells.
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Chen W, Zhang W, Wu R, Cai Y, Xue X, Cheng J. Identification of biomarkers associated with histological grade and prognosis of gastric cancer by co-expression network analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5499-5507. [PMID: 31612058 PMCID: PMC6781762 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological characteristics and clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC) are largely dependent on the histopathological type and degree of differentiation. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the histological grade of GC may provide information about tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and may subsequently be used to develop novel therapeutic agents. The present study obtained the RNA sequencing data and clinical characteristics of patients with GC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 1,400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between two histological grades. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was subsequently used to identify nine co-expressed gene modules, and the black module was found to be the most significant for prognosis prediction of tumor. Additionally, the black module was associated with overall survival time, death event, N stage and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the biological processes of the genes in the black module included ‘Wnt signaling pathway’ and ‘structural molecule activity’. Additionally, 10 network hub genes that were significantly associated with the progression of GC were identified from the black module, and the significance of each hub gene was determined across different TNM stages. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that keratin 40 and glycine decarboxylase were significantly associated with patient prognosis (P<0.05), suggesting that these genes may serve as potential progression and prognosis biomarkers in GC. The present study identified molecular markers that correlated with histological grade in GC. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study may have important clinical implications on treatment selection, risk stratification and prognosis prediction in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Weiteng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Ruisen Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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Li R, Liu Y, Wang T, Tang J, Xie L, Yao Z, Li K, Liao Y, Zhou L, Geng Z, Huang Z, Yang Z, Han L. The characteristics of lung cancer in Xuanwei County: A review of differentially expressed genes and noncoding RNAs on cell proliferation and migration. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109312. [PMID: 31518876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of lung cancers is the highest in Xuanwei County, Yunnan province, China, especially among nonsmoking women. Domestic combustion of smoky coal induces serious indoor air pollution and is considered to be the main cause of human lung cancers. The occurrence of lung cancer in Xuanwei County has unique characteristics, such as the high morbidity in nonsmoking women or people with no family history. In the present review, we summarize advances in identification of differentially expressed genes, regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs in cell proliferation and migration of lung cancers in Xuanwei County. Moreover, several regulatory differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or noncoding RNAs have diagnostic and prognostic significance for lung cancers in Xuanwei County and have the potential to serve as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Tiying Wang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Jiadai Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Kechen Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zhenqin Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zeyong Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Lei Han
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
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Up-regulation of long non-coding RNA AWPPH inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via miR-203a/DKK2 axis. Hum Cell 2019; 32:495-503. [PMID: 31489578 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AWPPH is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). However, the expression and function of AWPPH in gastric cancer (GC) have not yet been clarified. This study tries to assess the expression and biological roles of AWPPH in GC and the underlying mechanism. The expression of lncRNA AWPPH was evaluated in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 40 patients. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and transwell assays were applied to assess cell proliferation and invasion capabilities. Bioinformatics tool was employed to predict AWPPH's sponging miRNA, while luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the target. LncRNA AWPPH was remarkably downregulated in GC and associated with metastasis. CCK8 and transwell assays proved that AWPPH inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in GC cells. MiR-203a was a predicted and further verified target of AWPPH. DKK2 was verified as a direct target of miR-203a. Upregulation of miR-203a attenuated the repressive effects of AWPPH on GC cell proliferation and invasion. AWPPH inhibited GC cell proliferation and invasion via miR-203a/DKK2 axis. This finding might provide new insight for the potential therapeutic strategies for GC in the future.
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25
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Norollahi SE, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Ghadarjani S, Mojtahedi K, Gharaei Nejad K, Hemmati H, Gharibpoor F, Khaksar R, Samadani AA. Therapeutic approach of Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in gastric adenocarcinoma; DNA methyltransferases enzymes in cancer targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108958. [PMID: 31075731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show a remarkable sub class of cancer cells population which have a potential to organize and regulate stemness properties which possess a main particular responsibility for uncontrolled growth in carcinogenesis, production of different cancers in differentiated situation and also resistancy to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Correspondingly, gastric cancer (GC) as a very serious type in cancer mortality in the world, has received a deep attention in molecular therapy recently. Besides the main characteristics of CSCs like differentiation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, self-renewal and metastasis, they are so effective in expression of stemness genes resistancy in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this way, the regulation of epigenetic elements including DNA methylation and the performance of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) which is a notable epigenetic trait in GC, is of great importance. Inhibitors of DNA methylation are the first epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy. Considerably, recent studies indicate that low doses of DNMT inhibitors have a high potential in sustaining reduced DNA methylation and related with re-expression of silenced genes in tumorigenesis. Importantly, these certain doses have the ability to decrease the carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis in CSC populations within GC. Meaningly, the inhibition of DNMTs are able to reduce the accumulation of tumorigenic ability of GC CSCs. Furthermore, many epigenetic drugs have a great potential in cancer therapy, including histone methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, histone deacetylasesand, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins and DNA methyltransferases inhibitors. In this review article, we try to focus on the therapeutic mechanism of DNMTs alongside with their impact on CSCs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syedeh Elham Norollahi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghadarjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mojtahedi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kaveh Gharaei Nejad
- Skin Research Center, Dermatology Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardare Jangal Street, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Hemmati
- Razi Clinical Research Development Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faeze Gharibpoor
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roya Khaksar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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26
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Tao X, Yang X, Wu K, Yang L, Huang Y, Jin Q, Chen S. miR-629-5p promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:124-130. [PMID: 30954576 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant miR-629-5p expression in several cancer types has been reported. Nonetheless, its potential effect and mechanism of action on tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have rarely been analyzed. In this study, we found that miR-629-5p was upregulated in HCC tissue samples as compared to matched adjacent-tissue samples. Overexpression of miR-629-5p promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of human HCC cells in vitro, whereas miR-629-5p knockdown reduced these parameters. Consistently, miR-629-5p overexpression accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in a nude mouse model. Mechanistically, miR-629-5p directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) mRNA and suppressed its expression, resulting in the activation of β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin abrogated miR-629-5p-induced growth and invasiveness. Collectively, these results suggest that miR-629-5p activates β-catenin signaling by downregulating SFRP2 and thus promotes the growth and metastasis of HCC. These data open up new prospects for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Kexin Wu
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
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Deng F, Zhou R, Lin C, Yang S, Wang H, Li W, Zheng K, Lin W, Li X, Yao X, Pan M, Zhao L. Tumor-secreted dickkopf2 accelerates aerobic glycolysis and promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1001-1014. [PMID: 30867812 PMCID: PMC6401398 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a fundamental process that involves in tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors are identified as the most prominent regulators of angiogenesis. However, the clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapy is not ideal, prompting the needs to further understand mechanisms behind tumor angiogenesis. Here, we found that Dickkopf associated protein 2 (DKK2), a secretory protein highly expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues, could stimulate angiogenesis via a classic VEGF/VEGFR independent pathway. Methods: DKK2 was screened out from microarray data analyzing gene expression profiles of eight pairs of non-metastatic and metastatic human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Immunofluorescence histochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expression of DKK2 and angiogenesis in CRC tissues. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) tubule formation assay was used for in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis study, respectively. Lactate and glucose concentration in the culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-493-5p and the 3'UTR of DKK2. Results: DKK2 could stimulate angiogenesis via accelerating the aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells, through which lactate is produced from glucose and accumulated in tumor microenvironment. Lactate functions as the final executor of DDK2 to stimulate tube formation of endothelial cells, and blockage of lactate secretion by lactate transporter (MCT) inhibitors dramatically neutralize the progression and metastasis of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. DKK2 could cooperate with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, which is required for glucose uptake, and activated the downstream mTOR signal pathway to accelerate lactate secretion. In addition, the expression of DKK2 is switched on via the demethylation of miR-493-5p, which allows the dissociated of miR-493-5p from the 3'-UTRs of DKK2 and initiates its stimulatory role on CRC progression in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Conclusion: DKK2 promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis through a novel VEGF-independent, but energy metabolism related pathway. DKK2 might be a potential anti-angiogenic target in clinical treatment for the advanced CRC patients.
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Fattahi S, Golpour M, Amjadi-Moheb F, Sharifi-Pasandi M, Khodadadi P, Pilehchian-Langroudi M, Ashrafi GH, Akhavan-Niaki H. DNA methyltransferases and gastric cancer: insight into targeted therapy. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1477-1497. [PMID: 30325215 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide occupying most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. In addition to genetic modifications, epigenetic alterations catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a well-characterized epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations and central role of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes provides an opportunity for using DNMT inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discussed key factors or mechanisms such as SNPs, infections and genetic modifications that trigger DNMTs level modification in gastric cancer, and their potential roles in cancer progression. Finally, we focused on how inhibitors of the DNMTs can most effectively be used for the treatment of gastric cancer with multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran.,North Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Amol, 4615885399, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Pasandi
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Parastesh Khodadadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Hossein Ashrafi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Cancer Theme, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
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Vedeld HM, Goel A, Lind GE. Epigenetic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers: The current state and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:36-49. [PMID: 29253542 PMCID: PMC7286571 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each year, almost 4.1 million people are diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Due to late detection of this disease, the mortality is high, causing approximately 3 million cancer-related deaths annually, worldwide. Although the incidence and survival differs according to organ site, earlier detection and improved prognostication have the potential to reduce overall mortality burden from these cancers. Epigenetic changes, including aberrant promoter DNA methylation, are common events in both cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, such changes may be identified non-invasively with the use of PCR based methods, in bodily fluids of cancer patients. These features make aberrant DNA methylation a promising substrate for the development of disease biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and for predicting response to therapy. In this article, we will provide an update and current clinical perspectives for DNA methylation alterations in patients with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, liver and esophageal cancers, and discuss their potential role as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Marie Vedeld
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guro E Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Zheng J, Mei Y, Xiang P, Zhai G, Zhao N, Xu C, Liu M, Pan Z, Tang K, Jia D. DNA methylation affects metastasis of renal cancer and is associated with TGF-β/RUNX3 inhibition. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 29651226 PMCID: PMC5894227 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2–3% of all cancers and metastasis increased the malignancy of renal cancer. However, the role of methylation in metastasis of renal cancer is poorly understood. Methods We performed targeted gene array to compare the differential expressions of methylation regulated genes in metastatic and primary renal cancer tissues. Quantitative methylation specific PCR was performed to examine the CpG methylation levels of Runt related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of target genes. Murine xenograft renal cancer model was established to assay gene expression, methylation level, tumor growth and animal survival in vivo. Results RUNX3 and TGF-β levels were decreased in metastatic renal cancer tissues as a result of their CpG methylation. Metastatic xenograft model displayed decreased expression levels of RUNX3 and TGF-β and higher CpG methylation levels, bigger tumor size and shorter survival time, all which were restored by treatment with a methylation inhibitor. Conclusions Hypermethylation in CpG islands promotes metastasis of renal cancer and is associated with TGF-β and RUNX3 inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0554-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zheng
- 1Department of Urology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China.,2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Yanhui Mei
- 3Department of Urology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No 2 Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong Province China
| | - Ping Xiang
- 4Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 Anhui Province China
| | - Guangsheng Zhai
- 5Department of Radiotherapy, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Ning Zhao
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Chuanbing Xu
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Min Liu
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Zhengsheng Pan
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Kai Tang
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- 2Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong Province China
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31
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Zhang M, Huang M, Cao B, Sheng X, Li P. Methylation of the DKK3 promoter is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:788-794. [PMID: 31938166 PMCID: PMC6958050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA of DKK3 (Dickkopf-3) in cervical adenocarcinoma, and to explore correlations between methylation status of the DKK3 promoter and biological behaviors of cervical adenocarcinoma. METHODS The mRNA expression level of DKK3 was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis was performed to detect the methylated degrees of the DNA of the DKK3 promoter. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of DKK3 in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues were lower than those in adjacent normal cervical tissues. MSP detection found DKK3 promoter methylation was 38% in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues, while no normal cervical tissues were found to be methylated.FIGO staging and pelvic lymph node metastasis were identified as relative factors of methylation status of the DKK3 promoter. Multivariate analysis demonstrated methylation status of the DKK3 promoter was an independent prognostic indicator of cervical adenocarcinoma. Patients with methylated DKK3 promoter exhibited significantly shorter OS than those with an unmethylated DKK3 promoter. CONCLUSIONS The methylation status of the DKK3 promoter may indicate poor prognosis of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minna Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- Nankai HospitalTianjin, China
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Wils LJ, Bijlsma MF. Epigenetic regulation of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 121:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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An Isoxazole Chalcone Derivative Enhances Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells via the Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122077. [PMID: 29182558 PMCID: PMC6149791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants or plant-derived products have been routinely used in several traditional medicine systems for vitiligo treatment. It is well-known that melanogenesis can be promoted by certain flavonoid compounds isolated from the traditional Uyghur medicinal plant, Kaliziri. Therefore, Chalcones, one class of flavonoid compounds, has become an interesting target for the development of anti-vitiligo agents. A series of novel isoxazole chalcone derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activities by our group. Among them, derivative 1-(4-((3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (PMPP) was identified as a potent tyrosinase activator with better activity and lower toxicity than the positive control 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in this study. Further investigations revealed that Akt and GSK3β were the signaling pathways involved in the hyperpigmentation of PMPP. Overall, these studies may provide a convenient and novel approach for the further development of anti-vitiligo agents.
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