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Iglesias R, Rangel LF, Fernández-Vázquez F, Santos MJ, García-Estévez JM. Morphometric and molecular characterization of Kudoa encrasicoli n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Syst Parasitol 2022; 99:621-636. [PMID: 35778583 PMCID: PMC9402732 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-022-10051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The European anchovy represents the main fisheries for countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins. The skeletal muscle of 13 of 48 (27.1%) Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) specimens from North East Atlantic waters (FAO 27.8.c) was found infected with interfibrillar elongated plasmodia (130-980 µm in length) containing mature myxospores belonging to the genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947. No flesh softening was found associated with infection. Fresh myxospores were 10.8 ± 0.7 (9.1-12.3) µm in width 1, 11.3 ± 0.9 (9.5-13.4) µm in width 2, 6.7 ± 0.4 (5.8-7.4) µm in thickness, and 6.9 ± 0.5 (5.8-7.5) µm in length. They were almost stellate in apical view having three pointed-edged shell valves bearing three small polar capsules equal in size 5.0 ± 0.3 (4.4-5.4) μm long and 2.4 ± 0.2 (2.0-3.0) μm wide, and one rounded- to rarely bluntly pointed-edged shell valve bearing a large and particularly wide polar capsule 6.8 ± 0.4 (5.9-7.6) μm long and 4.1 ± 0.2 (3.6-4.4) μm wide. Morphological and morphometrical comparisons between these myxospores and those of Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1923) from the clupeid Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) (North East Atlantic waters, FAO 27.9.a), with which exhibited a similarity of 98.9% and 96.2% using SSU and LSU rDNA sequences, respectively, support the creation of Kudoa encrasicolin. sp. Morphometrical analysis of the polar capsules of flattened myxospores is suggested as a useful approach to differentiate phylogenetically related kudoids with stellate or almost stellate myxospores bearing four polar capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Luís Filipe Rangel
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Avda. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fabio Fernández-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria João Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Avda. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, FC4, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M García-Estévez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Neves A, Gordo I, Sequeira V, Vieira AR, Silva E, Silva F, Duarte AM, Mendes S, Ganhão R, Peleteiro MC, Assis C, Rebelo R, Magalhães MF, Gil MM, Gordo LS. Negative impact on the reproductive potential of blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus by Kudoa infection of the ovary. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 141:47-52. [PMID: 32940250 DOI: 10.3354/dao03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction of Trachurus picturatus off the western Portuguese coast was studied over 1 yr. During histological analyses, the presence of Kudoa sp. was detected in advanced vitellogenic oocytes. Kudoa infections are known to cause economic loss through the induction of post-mortem liquefaction of fish muscles, but ovarian infection as reported in this study will seriously affect the reproductive potential of the species and thus impact fisheries productivity. Only females showed gonad infection which led to total degradation of advanced vitellogenic oocytes. No macroscopic, somatic or condition indices revealed differences between infected and uninfected females, rendering this infection event a concealed suppression of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Velasco M, Sindeaux Neto JL, Videira M, de Cássia Silva do Nascimento L, Gonçalves EC, Matos E. Kudoa amazonica n. sp. (Myxozoa; Multivalvulida), a parasite of the esophageal musculature of the freshwater catfish, Hypophthalmus marginatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), from a river of the Amazon region. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:247-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdel-Baki AAS, Abdel-Haleem HM, Al-Quraishy S, Azevedo C, Mansour L. Ultrastructural and molecular characteristics of Kudoa crenimugilis n. sp. infecting intestinal smooth muscle of fringelip mullet Crenimugil crenilabis in the Red Sea. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 129:53-62. [PMID: 29916392 DOI: 10.3354/dao03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes infection of intestinal smooth muscle in fringelip mullets Crenimugil crenilabis with Kudoa crenimugilis n. sp. Of 30 individuals sampled from the Red Sea off Saudi Arabia, 6 (20%) were infected. Ovoid plasmodia (279-412 × 157-295 µm) in the smooth muscle of the intestine were packed with only mature myxospores with 4 valves. Specifically, light and transmission electron microscopy revealed quadrate myxospores with 4 equal, rounded, spore valves uniting at thin delicate suture lines. The mature myxospores were 8 (7-9) µm long, 5.2 (5-6) µm thick and 7.8 (7-8) µm wide. The 4 polar capsules were equal-sized, elliptical to ovoid, and measured 5 (4-5) µm long and 2 (1.5-3) µm wide, possessing 2 filament coils. The sporoplasm was uninucleated and composed of a primary cell enveloping a secondary cell. The parasite had a significant histopathological impact since the developing plasmodia replaced normal muscle tissue and was associated with the myolysis of local muscle fibres and the inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. The partial sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA showed that K. crenimugilis n. sp. has the highest level of nucleotide similarity with K. ciliatae (98.46 and 94.11%, respectively) and K. cookii (97.51 and 92.11%, respectively), both of which have previously been reported from the intestines of their host fish. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that K. crenimugilis consistently clustered with these other 2 intestinal Kudoa species in a well-supported subclade, confirming the evaluative association between Kudoa species infecting the same organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Özer A, Okkay S, Gürkanlı CT, Çiftçi Y, Yurakhno V. Two novel myxosporean parasites in Black Sea fishes: Kudoa niluferi sp. nov. and Kudoa anatolica sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea). DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:225-233. [PMID: 29862980 DOI: 10.3354/dao03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Kudoa are typically histozoic and only a few are coelozoic parasites, mainly in marine fishes. In the present study, 2 novel Kudoa species were recovered and described as Kudoa niluferi sp. nov. in the musculature of Neogobius melanostomus and Kudoa anatolica sp. nov. in the musculature, urinary bladder and kidney of Atherina hepsetus collected from the coast of Sinop on the Black Sea. Means ± SD (ranges) of mature spores of K. niluferi sp. nov. were 5.9 ± 0.1 (5.7-6.1) µm in length, 9.2 ± 0.2 (8.8-9.5) µm in width and 7.5 ± 0.3 (7.0-8.1) µm in thickness, while those of K. anatolica sp. nov. were 4.1 ± 0.3 (3.5-4.1) µm in length, 7.1 ± 0.2 (6.7-7.2) µm in width and 5.7 ± 0.2 (5.3-6.0) µm in thickness. In both parasite species, length and width of the 4 polar capsules were not equal and formed 3 distinct size classes, largest (1), intermediate (2) and smallest (1) in size. The prevalence and intensity of infection by K. niluferi sp. nov. were 12.8% and 20-29 parasites (per field-of-view, at 200× magnification), respectively, in the musculature of N. melanostomus. These values for K. anatolica sp. nov. were 32.1% and 10-19 parasites in the musculature as well as 2.9% and 20-29 parasites jointly in the kidney and urinary bladder of A. hepsetus. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit rDNA also suggested K. niluferi and K. anatolica as 2 novel species. These species appeared in the same lineage with K. nova and formed a Black Sea lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Özer
- Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
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Eiras JC, Fujimoto RY, Madi RR, Jeraldo VDLS, Melo CMD, Souza JDSD, Diniz JAP, Diniz DG. Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) parasitizing fish caught in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2016; 25:429-434. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study reports on Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) from the fish species Lutjanus analis, Bagre marinus, Aspistor luniscutis and Lutjanus jocu, which were caught in Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil. The parasites formed oval plasmodia around the esophagus of L. analis, and elongated plasmodia inside the skeletal muscle of B. marinus, A. luniscutis and L. jocu. Host myoliquefaction was not observed in all the cases studied. The current study provides a morphological and morphometric description of each parasite as well as a comparison with all the species described worldwide. Lack of molecular data impaired specific identification of the parasites. The importance of these parasites is discussed and the need for further studies on infections in Brazilian fish is emphasized because of the high economic impact of some Kudoa species which cause liquefaction in hosts’ muscles and render these fish unsuitable for consumption.
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Al-Jufaili SH, Freeman MA, Machkevskyi VK, Al-Nabhani A, Palm HW. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular description of Unicapsula fatimae n. sp. (Myxosporea: Trilosporidae) of whitespotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) in Omani waters. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1173-84. [PMID: 26693719 PMCID: PMC4759220 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigations regarding the parasite fauna of wild whitespotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) Park, 1797 revealed white, spherical, loosely attached cysts measuring 896 (375-1406) μm in diameter in the inner endothelial wall of the esophagus and stomach. Mature spores inside these cysts corresponded to the original description of spores belonging to the genus Unicapsula Davis, 1924. Unicapsula fatimae n. sp. spores were 6.23 (5.60-6.60) μm in length and 6.80 (6.12-7.39) μm in width. The length of large polar capsule was 2.62 (2.18-2.97) μm and width was 2.65 (2.32-2.90) μm, and the extended large polar capsule filament length was 15.50 (11.71-19.99) μm. Transmission electron microscope images of the plasmodia revealed a complex cyst structure that was unique among other Unicapsula spp. Ultrastructural details of the host-parasite interface and developmental stages of a species from the Unicapsula genus are described for the first time. Histology of an infected esophagus revealed some abnormalities and changes in the host tissue around the infection site, including hypertrophy of host esophagus epithelial cells and hyperplasia of host glandular tubules. The parasite presented here has been added to the genus Unicapsula using comparative morphological analysis and ultrastructural investigations supported by 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Al-Jufaili
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 2, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Laboratory of microbiology analysis, Fishery quality control center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth, Al Bustan, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Mark A Freeman
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies, the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Volodymyr K Machkevskyi
- Laboratory of microbiology analysis, Fishery quality control center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth, Al Bustan, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Nabhani
- Department of Electron Microscopy, College of medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Harry W Palm
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 2, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Al Omar SY, Mansour L. Ultrastructure and phylogeny of Kudoa barracudai sp. nov. infecting Sphyraena putnamae in the Red Sea. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1799-805. [PMID: 26786834 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa barracudai n. sp. has been found infecting the muscles of Sphyraena putnamae from Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of the infection was 10 % (5/50). Its ovoidal plasmodia encapsulated with fibrous connective tissue and measuring 700 × 510 μm. Local myolysis was observed around the plasmodia without inflammatory reaction. Mature spores were quadrate in the apical view with rounded edges and subspherical to ovoid in the side view and measured 5 μm (4.5-5.5) in width and 5.5 μm (5-6) in thickness. Polar capsules were pyriform, equal in size, and measured 2.5 μm (2-3) in length and 1.5 μm (1-2) in width with two filament coils. Ultrastructural analysis showed a demarcated border between the parasite cellular mass and host cellular components that represented the cyst wall, and cysts were filled with mostly mature spores. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches showed the new species clustered in a robust clade with Kudoa amamiensis, Kudoa kenti, and Kudoa quraishii. The SSU rRNA gene of K. barracudai was most similar to K. amamiensis (98.7 %), followed by K. kenti (97.4 %) and K. quraishii (96.6 %). This combination of morphological data and molecular analysis served to identify this parasite as a new species of Kudoa, which we have named K. barracudai n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Y Al Omar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Unité de Recherche de Biologie intégrative et Ecologie évolutive et Fonctionnelle des Milieux Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université De Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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