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Xie B, Liang J, Jiang J, Zeng T, Liu L, Xie D, Zhu G, Xiong L, Zhang K, Liu D, Gong J, Chen X, Lai R, Xie H. Zebrafish myo7aa affects congenital hearing by regulating Rho-GTPase signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1405109. [PMID: 39081296 PMCID: PMC11287254 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1405109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction myo7aa, the homolog of the human Usher 1B syndrome pathogenic gene, myo7A, plays an important role in stereociliary development and maintenance, therefore, is critical for hearing and balance. However, the molecular mechanisms that myo7aa regulate hearing and balance still need to be studied. Methods In this study, we generated two independent zebrafish myo7aa knockout lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. To investigate the effects of myo7aa on hearing, YO-PRO-1 staining and startle response assay were used. To gain insight into the specific molecular mechanisms by which myo7aa affects hearing, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed. Results Our study showed that hair cells of myo7aa-/- zebrafish can not take up YO-PRO-1 fluorescent dye and are insensitive to acoustic stimulation in myo7aa-/- zebrafish compared to wild type. Genes related to the Rho GTPase signaling pathway, such as arhgap33, dab2ip, and arghef40, are significantly down-regulated in myo7aa-/- zebrafish embryos at 3 dpf. GTP and ATP compensation can partially rescue the hair cell defects in myo7aa knockout zebrafish. Discussion Our findings suggest that zebrafish myo7aa affects congenital hearing by regulating Rho GTPase signaling, and loss of myo7aa leads to abnormal Rho GTPase signaling and impairs hair cell function. myo7aa, myo7A, arhgap33, dab2ip, arghef40 and myo7aa-/- fonts in the abstract are italicized. -/- is a superscript format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binling Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifan Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dinghua Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ganghua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kanjia Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruosha Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Benwell CJ, Johnson RT, Taylor JAGE, Lambert J, Robinson SD. A proteomics approach to isolating neuropilin-dependent α5 integrin trafficking pathways: neuropilin 1 and 2 co-traffic α5 integrin through endosomal p120RasGAP to promote polarised fibronectin fibrillogenesis in endothelial cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:629. [PMID: 38789481 PMCID: PMC11126613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin trafficking to and from membrane adhesions is a crucial mechanism that dictates many aspects of a cell's behaviour, including motility, polarisation, and invasion. In endothelial cells (ECs), the intracellular traffic of α5 integrin is regulated by both neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2), yet the redundancies in function between these co-receptors remain unclear. Moreover, the endocytic complexes that participate in NRP-directed traffic remain poorly annotated. Here we identify an important role for the GTPase-activating protein p120RasGAP in ECs, promoting the recycling of α5 integrin from early endosomes. Mechanistically, p120RasGAP enables transit of endocytosed α5 integrin-NRP1-NRP2 complexes to Rab11+ recycling endosomes, promoting cell polarisation and fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis. Silencing of both NRP receptors, or p120RasGAP, resulted in the accumulation of α5 integrin in early endosomes, a loss of α5 integrin from surface adhesions, and attenuated EC polarisation. Endothelial-specific deletion of both NRP1 and NRP2 in the postnatal retina recapitulated our in vitro findings, severely impairing FN fibrillogenesis and polarised sprouting. Our data assign an essential role for p120RasGAP during integrin traffic in ECs and support a hypothesis that NRP receptors co-traffic internalised cargoes. Importantly, we utilise comparative proteomics analyses to isolate a comprehensive map of NRP1-dependent and NRP2-dependent α5 integrin interactions in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Benwell
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Robert T Johnson
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James A G E Taylor
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jordi Lambert
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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Seliverstova EV, Prutskova NP. Renal protein reabsorption impairment related to a myxosporean infection in the grass frog (Rana temporaria L.). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1303-1316. [PMID: 37012507 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A morphophysiological study of tubular reabsorption and mechanisms of protein endocytosis in the kidney of frogs (Rana temporaria L.) during parasitic infection was carried out. Pseudoplasmodia and spores of myxosporidia, beforehand assigned to the genus Sphaerospora, were detected in Bowman's capsules and in the lumen of individual renal tubules by light and electron microscopy. Remarkable morphological alteration and any signs of pathology in kidney tissue related to this myxosporean infection have not been noted. At the same time, significant changes in protein reabsorption and distribution of molecular markers of endocytosis in the proximal tubule (PT) cells in infected animals were detected by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In lysozyme injection experiments, the endocytosed protein and megalin expression in the infected PTs were not revealed. Tubular expression of cubilin and clathrin decreased, but endosomal recycling marker Rab11 increased or remained unchanged. Thus, myxosporean infection resulted in the alterations in lysozyme uptake and expression of the main molecular determinants of endocytosis. The inhibition of receptor-mediated clathrin-dependent protein endocytosis in amphibian kidneys due to myxosporidiosis was shown for the first time. Established impairment of the endocytic process is a clear marker of tubular cell dysfunction that can be used to assess the functioning of amphibian kidneys during adaptation to adverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Seliverstova
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez Av., 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalya P Prutskova
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez Av., 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russian Federation
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Gutiérrez Y, López-García S, Lario A, Gutiérrez-Eisman S, Delevoye C, Esteban JA. KIF13A drives AMPA receptor synaptic delivery for long-term potentiation via endosomal remodeling. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212112. [PMID: 33999113 PMCID: PMC8129809 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulated trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) from dendritic compartments to the synaptic membrane in response to neuronal activity is a core mechanism for long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the contribution of the microtubule cytoskeleton to this synaptic transport is still unknown. In this work, using electrophysiological, biochemical, and imaging techniques, we have found that one member of the kinesin-3 family of motor proteins, KIF13A, is specifically required for the delivery of AMPARs to the spine surface during LTP induction. Accordingly, KIF13A depletion from hippocampal slices abolishes LTP expression. We also identify the vesicular protein centaurin-α1 as part of a motor transport machinery that is engaged with KIF13A and AMPARs upon LTP induction. Finally, we determine that KIF13A is responsible for the remodeling of Rab11-FIP2 endosomal structures in the dendritic shaft during LTP. Overall, these results identify specific kinesin molecular motors and endosomal transport machinery that catalyzes the dendrite-to-synapse translocation of AMPA receptors during synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gutiérrez
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Argentina Lario
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gutiérrez-Eisman
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Paris, France
| | - José A Esteban
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Gibieža P, Petrikaitė V. The dual functions of Rab11 and Rab35 GTPases-regulation of cell division and promotion of tumorigenicity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1861-1872. [PMID: 34094658 PMCID: PMC8167671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad studies of cancer have led researchers to the creditable understanding of biological and environmental factors that make benign cells to become malignant, as well as the developmental aspects of the tumour cells, known as the "hallmarks of cancer". However, additional research is needed to uncover the features of cancer biology, which would allow to design new and more effective treatment strategies for cancer patients. Since RabGTPases and their effectors are frequently altered in cancer, their role in a regulation of cell division leading to the acquisition of cancer cell-like phenotype has drawn a lot of attention from different research groups in recent years. Both, Rab11 and Rab35 belong to a superfamily of small monomeric GTPases that regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Lately, Rab11 and Rab35 were declared as oncogenic, and because of their association with abundant cellular functions, a linkage to the induction of cancer, has been proposed. Although the clear connection between the improper regulation of Rab11 or Rab35 and the initiation of tumorigenicity has only beginning to emerge, in this review we will discuss the newest findings regarding the participation of RabGTPases in a control of cell division and promotion of tumorigenesis, trying to link the actual function to the cancer causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Gibieža
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
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6
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Clark BS, Miesfeld JB, Flinn MA, Collery RF, Link BA. Dynamic Polarization of Rab11a Modulates Crb2a Localization and Impacts Signaling to Regulate Retinal Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:608112. [PMID: 33634099 PMCID: PMC7900515 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM) is the process in which pseudostratified epithelial nuclei oscillate from the apical to basal surface and in phase with the mitotic cycle. In the zebrafish retina, neuroepithelial retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) increase Notch activity with apical movement of the nuclei, and the depth of nuclear migration correlates with the probability that the next cell division will be neurogenic. This study focuses on the mechanisms underlying the relationships between IKNM, cell signaling, and neurogenesis. In particular, we have explored the role IKNM has on endosome biology within RPCs. Through genetic manipulation and live imaging in zebrafish, we find that early (Rab5-positive) and recycling (Rab11a-positive) endosomes polarize in a dynamic fashion within RPCs and with reference to nuclear position. Functional analyses suggest that dynamic polarization of recycling endosomes and their activity within the neuroepithelia modulates the subcellular localization of Crb2a, consequently affecting multiple signaling pathways that impact neurogenesis including Notch, Hippo, and Wnt activities. As nuclear migration is heterogenous and asynchronous among RPCs, Rab11a-affected signaling within the neuroepithelia is modulated in a differential manner, providing mechanistic insight to the correlation of IKNM and selection of RPCs to undergo neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Clark
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Joel B Miesfeld
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael A Flinn
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ross F Collery
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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7
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Rozés-Salvador V, González-Billault C, Conde C. The Recycling Endosome in Nerve Cell Development: One Rab to Rule Them All? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603794. [PMID: 33425908 PMCID: PMC7793921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling is an intracellular process that returns internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane and plays crucial roles not only in the reuse of receptor molecules but also in the remodeling of the different components of this membrane. This process is required for a diversity of cellular events, including neuronal morphology acquisition and functional regulation, among others. The recycling endosome (RE) is a key vesicular component involved in endocytic recycling. Recycling back to the cell surface may occur with the participation of several different Rab proteins, which are master regulators of membrane/protein trafficking in nerve cells. The RE consists of a network of interconnected and functionally distinct tubular subdomains that originate from sorting endosomes and transport their cargoes along microtubule tracks, by fast or slow recycling pathways. Different populations of REs, particularly those formed by Rab11, Rab35, and Arf6, are associated with a myriad of signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss the cumulative evidence suggesting the existence of heterogeneous domains of REs, controlling different aspects of neurogenesis, with a particular focus on the commonalities and singularities of these REs and their contribution to nerve development and differentiation in several animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rozés-Salvador
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Conde
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Taefehshokr N, Yin C, Heit B. Rab GTPases in the differential processing of phagocytosed pathogens versus efferocytosed apoptotic cells. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:123-135. [PMID: 32990320 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important feature of innate immunity in which invading microorganisms are engulfed, killed and degraded - and in some immune cells, their antigens presented to adaptive immune system. A closely related process, efferocytosis, removes apoptotic cells, and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis are tightly regulated processes that involve target recognition and uptake through specific receptors, followed by endolysosomal trafficking and processing of the internalized target. Central to the uptake and trafficking of these targets are the Rab family of small GTPases, which coordinate the engulfment and trafficking of both phagocytosed and efferocytosed materials through the endolysosomal system. Because of this regulatory function, Rab GTPases are often targeted by pathogens to escape phagocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the shared and differential roles of Rab GTPases in phagocytosis and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Associate Scientist, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Fu D, Cardona P, Ho H, Watkins PB, Brouwer KLR. Novel Mechanisms of Valproate Hepatotoxicity: Impaired Mrp2 Trafficking and Hepatocyte Depolarization. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:431-442. [PMID: 31368504 PMCID: PMC6760262 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major challenge in drug development. Although numerous mechanisms for DILI have been identified, few studies have focused on loss of hepatocyte polarization as a DILI mechanism. The current study investigated the effects of valproate, an antiepileptic drug with DILI risk, on the cellular mechanisms responsible for loss of hepatocyte polarization. Fully polarized collagen sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with valproate (1-20mM) for specified times (3-24hr). Hepatocyte viability was significantly decreased by 10mM and 20mM valproate. Valproate depolarized hepatocytes, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations (=5mM). Depolarization was associated with significantly decreased canalicular levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) resulting in reduced canalicular excretion of the Mrp2 substrate carboxydichlorofluorescein. The decreased canalicular Mrp2 was associated with intracellular accumulation of Mrp2 in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes and early endosomes. Mechanistic studies suggested that valproate inhibited canalicular trafficking of Mrp2. This effect of valproate on Mrp2 appeared to be selective in that valproate had less impact on canalicular levels of the bile salt export pump (Bsep) and no detectable effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) canalicular levels. Treatment with valproate for 24hr also significantly downregulated levels of tight junction-associated protein, zonula occludens 2 (ZO2), but appeared to have no effect on the levels of tight junction proteins claudin 1, claudin 2, occludin, ZO1 and ZO3. These findings reveal that two novel mechanisms may contribute to valproate hepatotoxicity: impaired canalicular trafficking of Mrp2 and disruption of ZO2-associated hepatocyte polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Panli Cardona
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Henry Ho
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul B Watkins
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is an essential cellular motor that drives the movement of diverse cargos along the microtubule cytoskeleton, including organelles, vesicles and RNAs. A long-standing question is how a single form of dynein can be adapted to a wide range of cellular functions in both interphase and mitosis. Recent progress has provided new insights - dynein interacts with a group of activating adaptors that provide cargo-specific and/or function-specific regulation of the motor complex. Activating adaptors such as BICD2 and Hook1 enhance the stability of the complex that dynein forms with its required activator dynactin, leading to highly processive motility toward the microtubule minus end. Furthermore, activating adaptors mediate specific interactions of the motor complex with cargos such as Rab6-positive vesicles or ribonucleoprotein particles for BICD2, and signaling endosomes for Hook1. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the conserved structural features found in dynein activators, the effects of these activators on biophysical parameters, such as motor velocity and stall force, and the specific intracellular functions they mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Artiushin G, Zhang SL, Tricoire H, Sehgal A. Endocytosis at the Drosophila blood-brain barrier as a function for sleep. eLife 2018; 7:e43326. [PMID: 30475209 PMCID: PMC6255390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia are important modulators of neural activity, yet few studies link glia to sleep regulation. We find that blocking activity of the endocytosis protein, dynamin, in adult Drosophila glia increases sleep and enhances sleep need, manifest as resistance to sleep deprivation. Surface glia comprising the fly equivalent of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediate the effect of dynamin on sleep. Blocking dynamin in the surface glia causes ultrastructural changes, albeit without compromising the integrity of the barrier. Supporting a role for endocytic trafficking in sleep, a screen of Rab GTPases identifies sleep-modulating effects of the recycling endosome Rab11 in surface glia. We also find that endocytosis is increased in BBB glia during sleep and reflects sleep need. We propose that endocytic trafficking through the BBB represents a function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Artiushin
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hervé Tricoire
- Laboratory of Degenerative Processes, Stress and AgingUMR8251, Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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12
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Inhibition of the miR-192/215-Rab11-FIP2 axis suppresses human gastric cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:778. [PMID: 30006518 PMCID: PMC6045576 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer (GC) was the most common cancer throughout the world. Despite advances in surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic treatment, GC remains the number 3 cancer killer worldwide. This fact highlights the need for better diagnostic biomarkers and more effective therapeutic targets. RAB11-FIP2, a member of the Rab11 family of interacting proteins, exhibits potential tumor suppressor function. However, involvement of RAB11-FIP2 in gastric carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that RAB11-FIP2 was downregulated in GC tissues and constituted a target of the known onco-miRs, miR-192/215. We also showed that functionally, Rab11-FIP2 regulation by miR-192/215 is involved in GC-related biological activities. Finally, RAB11-FIP2 inhibition by miR-192/215 affected the establishment of cell polarity and tight junction formation in GC cells. In summary, this miR-192/215–Rab11-FIP2 axis appears to represent a new molecular mechanism underlying GC progression, while supplying a promising avenue of further research into diagnosis and therapy of GC.
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13
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Mangan AJ, Sietsema DV, Li D, Moore JK, Citi S, Prekeris R. Cingulin and actin mediate midbody-dependent apical lumen formation during polarization of epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12426. [PMID: 27484926 PMCID: PMC4976216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated polarization of epithelial cells is a key step during morphogenesis that leads to the formation of an apical lumen. Rab11 and its interacting protein FIP5 are necessary for the targeting of apical endosomes to the midbody and apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) during lumenogenesis. However, the machinery that mediates AMIS establishment and FIP5-endosome targeting remains unknown. Here we identify a FIP5-interacting protein, Cingulin, which localizes to the AMIS and functions as a tether mediating FIP5-endosome targeting. We analysed the machinery mediating AMIS recruitment to the midbody and determined that both branched actin and microtubules are required for establishing the site of the nascent lumen. We demonstrate that the Rac1-WAVE/Scar complex mediates Cingulin recruitment to the AMIS by inducing branched actin formation, and that Cingulin directly binds to microtubule C-terminal tails through electrostatic interactions. We propose a new mechanism for apical endosome targeting and AMIS formation around the midbody during epithelial lumenogenesis. Polarisation of epithelial cells causes lumen formation, which is mediated by apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) and FIP5, but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors identify cingulin as a FIP-5 interacting protein, recruiting the Rac1-WAVE/Scar complex to the AMIS and branched actin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Mangan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Daniel V Sietsema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Sandra Citi
- Cell Biology Department, University of Geneva, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, Switzerland
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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14
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Breen M, Nogales A, Baker SF, Martínez-Sobrido L. Replication-Competent Influenza A Viruses Expressing Reporter Genes. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070179. [PMID: 27347991 PMCID: PMC4974514 DOI: 10.3390/v8070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause annual seasonal human respiratory disease epidemics. In addition, IAV have been implicated in occasional pandemics with inordinate health and economic consequences. Studying IAV, in vitro or in vivo, requires the use of laborious secondary methodologies to identify virus-infected cells. To circumvent this requirement, replication-competent IAV expressing an easily traceable reporter protein can be used. Here we discuss the development and applications of recombinant replication-competent IAV harboring diverse fluorescent or bioluminescent reporter genes in different locations of the viral genome. These viruses have been employed for in vitro and in vivo studies, such as the screening of neutralizing antibodies or antiviral compounds, the identification of host factors involved in viral replication, cell tropism, the development of vaccines, or the assessment of viral infection dynamics. In summary, reporter-expressing, replicating-competent IAV represent a powerful tool for the study of IAV both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Steven F Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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15
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Khanal I, Elbediwy A, Diaz de la Loza MDC, Fletcher GC, Thompson BJ. Shot and Patronin polarise microtubules to direct membrane traffic and biogenesis of microvilli in epithelia. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2651-9. [PMID: 27231092 PMCID: PMC4958304 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In epithelial tissues, polarisation of microtubules and actin microvilli occurs along the apical-basal axis of each cell, yet how these cytoskeletal polarisation events are coordinated remains unclear. Here, we examine the hierarchy of events during cytoskeletal polarisation in Drosophila melanogaster epithelia. Core apical-basal polarity determinants polarise the spectrin cytoskeleton to recruit the microtubule-binding proteins Patronin (CAMSAP1, CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3 in humans) and Shortstop [Shot; MACF1 and BPAG1 (also known as DST) in humans] to the apical membrane domain. Patronin and Shot then act to polarise microtubules along the apical-basal axis to enable apical transport of Rab11 endosomes by the Nuf-Dynein microtubule motor complex. Finally, Rab11 endosomes are transferred to the MyoV (also known as Didum in Drosophila) actin motor to deliver the key microvillar determinant Cadherin 99C to the apical membrane to organise the biogenesis of actin microvilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichha Khanal
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | | | | | - Barry J Thompson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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16
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Messenger SW, Thomas DD, Cooley MM, Jones EK, Falkowski MA, August BK, Fernandez LA, Gorelick FS, Groblewski GE. Early to Late Endosome Trafficking Controls Secretion and Zymogen Activation in Rodent and Human Pancreatic Acinar Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:695-709. [PMID: 26618189 PMCID: PMC4657148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic acinar cells have an expanded apical endosomal system, the physiological and pathophysiological significance of which is still emerging. Phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is an essential phospholipid generated by PIKfyve, which phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P). PI(3,5)P2 is necessary for maturation of early endosomes (EE) to late endosomes (LE). Inhibition of EE to LE trafficking enhances anterograde endosomal trafficking and secretion at the plasma membrane by default through a recycling endosome (RE) intermediate. We assessed the effects of modulating PIKfyve activity on apical trafficking and pancreatitis responses in pancreatic acinar cells. METHODS Inhibition of EE to LE trafficking was achieved using pharmacological inhibitors of PIKfyve, expression of dominant negative PIKfyve K1877E, or constitutively active Rab5-GTP Q79L. Anterograde endosomal trafficking was manipulated by expression of constitutively active and dominant negative Rab11a mutants. The effects of these agents on secretion, endolysosomal exocytosis of lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP1), and trypsinogen activation in response to high-dose CCK-8, bile acids and cigarette toxin was determined. RESULTS PIKfyve inhibition increased basal and stimulated secretion. Adenoviral overexpression of PIKfyve decreased secretion leading to cellular death. Expression of Rab5-GTP Q79L or Rab11a-GTP Q70L enhanced secretion. Conversely, dominant-negative Rab11a-GDP S25N reduced secretion. High-dose CCK inhibited endolysosomal exocytosis that was reversed by PIKfyve inhibition. PIKfyve inhibition blocked intracellular trypsin accumulation and cellular damage responses to high CCK-8, tobacco toxin, and bile salts in both rodent and human acini. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EE-LE trafficking acutely controls acinar secretion and the intracellular activation of zymogens leading to the pathogenicity of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Messenger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Diana D.H. Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle M. Cooley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elaina K. Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Benjamin K. August
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guy E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Guy E. Groblewski, PhD, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. fax: (608) 262-5860.University of Wisconsin–MadisonDepartment of Nutritional Sciences1415 Linden DriveMadisonWisconsin 53706
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17
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Wandinger-Ness A, Zerial M. Rab proteins and the compartmentalization of the endosomal system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a022616. [PMID: 25341920 PMCID: PMC4413231 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022616;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the approximately 70 human Rab GTPases, nearly three-quarters are involved in endocytic trafficking. Significant plasticity in endosomal membrane transport pathways is closely coupled to receptor signaling and Rab GTPase-regulated scaffolds. Here we review current literature pertaining to endocytic Rab GTPase localizations, functions, and coordination with regulatory proteins and effectors. The roles of Rab GTPases in (1) compartmentalization of the endocytic pathway into early, recycling, late, and lysosomal routes; (2) coordination of individual transport steps from vesicle budding to fusion; (3) effector interactomes; and (4) integration of GTPase and signaling cascades are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology MSC08 4640, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Wandinger-Ness A, Zerial M. Rab proteins and the compartmentalization of the endosomal system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a022616. [PMID: 25341920 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Of the approximately 70 human Rab GTPases, nearly three-quarters are involved in endocytic trafficking. Significant plasticity in endosomal membrane transport pathways is closely coupled to receptor signaling and Rab GTPase-regulated scaffolds. Here we review current literature pertaining to endocytic Rab GTPase localizations, functions, and coordination with regulatory proteins and effectors. The roles of Rab GTPases in (1) compartmentalization of the endocytic pathway into early, recycling, late, and lysosomal routes; (2) coordination of individual transport steps from vesicle budding to fusion; (3) effector interactomes; and (4) integration of GTPase and signaling cascades are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology MSC08 4640, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Blum M, Schweickert A, Vick P, Wright CVE, Danilchik MV. Symmetry breakage in the vertebrate embryo: when does it happen and how does it work? Dev Biol 2014; 393:109-23. [PMID: 24972089 PMCID: PMC4481729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric development of the vertebrate embryo has fascinated embryologists for over a century. Much has been learned since the asymmetric Nodal signaling cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm was detected, and began to be unraveled over the past decade or two. When and how symmetry is initially broken, however, has remained a matter of debate. Two essentially mutually exclusive models prevail. Cilia-driven leftward flow of extracellular fluids occurs in mammalian, fish and amphibian embryos. A great deal of experimental evidence indicates that this flow is indeed required for symmetry breaking. An alternative model has argued, however, that flow simply acts as an amplification step for early asymmetric cues generated by ion flux during the first cleavage divisions. In this review we critically evaluate the experimental basis of both models. Although a number of open questions persist, the available evidence is best compatible with flow-based symmetry breakage as the archetypical mode of symmetry breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blum
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Zoology (220), Garbenstrasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Axel Schweickert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Zoology (220), Garbenstrasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Vick
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Zoology (220), Garbenstrasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0494, USA
| | - Michael V Danilchik
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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20
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Mukherjee D, Sen A, Aguilar RC. RhoGTPase-binding proteins, the exocyst complex and polarized vesicle trafficking. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e28453. [PMID: 24691289 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity, the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids, is essential for a variety of cellular functions. One mechanism orchestrating cell polarity is polarized vesicle trafficking; whereby cargo loaded secretory vesicles are specifically transported to predetermined areas of the cell. The evolutionarily conserved exocyst complex and its small GTPase regulators play crucial roles in spatiotemporal control of polarized vesicle trafficking. In studies on neuronal membrane remodeling and synaptic plasticity, conserved mechanisms of exocyst regulation and cargo recycling during polarized vesicle trafficking are beginning to emerge as well. Recently, our lab demonstrated that RhoGTPase-binding proteins in both yeast (Bem3) and mammals (Ocrl1) are also required for the efficient traffic of secretory vesicles to sites of polarized growth and signaling. Together with our studies, we highlight the evolutionary conservation of the basic elements essential for polarized vesicle traffic across different cellular functions and model systems. In conclusion, we emphasize that studies on RhoGTPase-binding proteins in these processes should be included in the next level of investigation, for a more complete understanding of their hitherto unknown roles in polarized membrane traffic and exocyst regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpita Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - R Claudio Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
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21
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Landry MC, Champagne C, Boulanger MC, Jetté A, Fuchs M, Dziengelewski C, Lavoie JN. A functional interplay between the small GTPase Rab11a and mitochondria-shaping proteins regulates mitochondrial positioning and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton downstream of Src family kinases. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2230-49. [PMID: 24302731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.516351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is believed that mitochondrial dynamics is coordinated with endosomal traffic rates during cytoskeletal remodeling, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The adenovirus early region 4 ORF4 protein (E4orf4) subverts signaling by Src family kinases (SFK) to perturb cellular morphology, membrane traffic, and organellar dynamics and to trigger cell death. Using E4orf4 as a model, we uncovered a functional connection between mitochondria-shaping proteins and the small GTPase Rab11a, a key regulator of polarized transport via recycling endosomes. We found that E4orf4 induced dramatic changes in the morphology of mitochondria along with their mobilization at the vicinity of a polarized actin network typifying E4orf4 action, in a manner controlled by SFK and Rab11a. Mitochondrial remodeling was associated with increased proximity between Rab11a and mitochondrial membranes, changes in fusion-fission dynamics, and mitochondrial relocalization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which was regulated by the Rab11a effector protein FIP1/RCP. Knockdown of FIP1/RCP or inhibition of Drp1 markedly impaired mitochondrial remodeling and actin assembly, involving Rab11a-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in E4orf4-induced signaling. A similar mobilization of mitochondria near actin-rich structures was mediated by Rab11 and Drp1 in viral Src-transformed cells and contributed to the biogenesis of podosome rosettes. These findings suggest a role for Rab11a in the trafficking of Drp1 to mitochondria upon SFK activation and unravel a novel functional interplay between Rab11a and mitochondria during reshaping of the cell cytoskeleton, which would facilitate mitochondria redistribution near energy-requiring actin-rich structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Landry
- From the Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Axe Oncologie, Québec G1R 3S3 and
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22
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Smolarkiewicz M, Skrzypczak T, Wojtaszek P. The very many faces of presenilins and the γ-secretase complex. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:997-1011. [PMID: 23504135 PMCID: PMC3788181 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Presenilin is a central, catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex which conducts intramembrane cleavage of various protein substrates. Although identified and mainly studied through its role in the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease, γ-secretase has many other important functions. The complex seems to be evolutionary conserved throughout the Metazoa, but recent findings in plants and Dictyostelium discoideum as well as in archeons suggest that its evolution and functions might be much more diversified than previously expected. In this review, a selective survey of the multitude of functions of presenilins and the γ-secretase complex is presented. Following a brief overview of γ-secretase structure, assembly and maturation, three functional aspects are analyzed: (1) the role of γ-secretase in autophagy and phagocytosis; (2) involvement of the complex in signaling related to endocytosis; and (3) control of calcium fluxes by presenilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Smolarkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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23
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Carson BP, Del Bas JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernandez-Real JM, Mora S. The rab11 effector protein FIP1 regulates adiponectin trafficking and secretion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74687. [PMID: 24040321 PMCID: PMC3770573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by white adipocytes involved in regulating insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Secretion of adiponectin in adipocytes relies on the endosomal system, however, the intracellular machinery involved in mediating adiponectin release is unknown. We have previously reported that intracellular adiponectin partially compartmentalizes with rab 5 and rab11, markers for the early/sorting and recycling compartments respectively. Here we have examined the role of several rab11 downstream effector proteins (rab11 FIPs) in regulating adiponectin trafficking and secretion. Overexpression of wild type rab11 FIP1, FIP3 and FIP5 decreased the amount of secreted adiponectin expressed in HEK293 cells, whereas overexpression of rab11 FIP2 or FIP4 had no effect. Furthermore shRNA-mediated depletion of FIP1 enhanced adiponectin release whereas knock down of FIP5 decreased adiponectin secretion. Knock down of FIP3 had no effect. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, endogenous FIP1 co-distributed intracellularly with endogenous adiponectin and FIP1 depletion enhanced adiponectin release without altering insulin-mediated trafficking of the glucose transporter Glut4. While adiponectin receptors internalized with transferrin receptors, there were no differences in transferrin receptor recycling between wild type and FIP1 depleted adipocytes. Consistent with its inhibitory role, FIP1 expression was decreased during adipocyte differentiation, by treatment with thiazolidinediones, and with increased BMI in humans. In contrast, FIP1 expression increased upon exposure of adipocytes to TNFα. In all, our findings identify FIP1 as a novel protein involved in the regulation of adiponectin trafficking and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Carson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Maria Del Bas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Silvia Mora
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
Dendritic arborization of neurons is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) together with its receptor, TrkB. Endocytosis is required for dendritic branching and regulates TrkB signaling, but how postendocytic trafficking determines the neuronal response to BDNF is not well understood. The monomeric GTPase Rab11 regulates the dynamics of recycling endosomes and local delivery of receptors to specific dendritic compartments. We investigated whether Rab11-dependent trafficking of TrkB in dendrites regulates BDNF-induced dendritic branching in rat hippocampal neurons. We report that TrkB in dendrites is a cargo for Rab11 endosomes and that both Rab11 and its effector, MyoVb, are required for BDNF/TrkB-induced dendritic branching. In addition, BDNF induces the accumulation of Rab11-positive endosomes and GTP-bound Rab11 in dendrites and the expression of a constitutively active mutant of Rab11 is sufficient to increase dendritic branching by increasing TrkB localization in dendrites and enhancing sensitization to endogenous BDNF. We propose that Rab11-dependent dendritic recycling provides a mechanism to retain TrkB in dendrites and to increase local signaling to regulate arborization.
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25
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Cheng K, Agarwal R, Mitra S, Mills G. Rab25 Small GTPase Mediates Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 11b (osteoprotegerin) Protecting Cancer Cells from Effects of TRAIL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 25520884 PMCID: PMC4266180 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Rab25, which is located in the 1q amplicon present at high frequency in many cancer lineages, promotes cancer cell survival under multiple stress conditions. While Rab proteins play essential roles in all stages of vesicle trafficking, the functions and endogenous cargoes for Rab25 remain to be fully elucidated. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein that binds the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) thus preventing it from activating the TNF-family death receptors. In the present study, we demonstrated that Rab25 regulates OPG at both the transcription and secretion level. METHODS The effect of Rab25 on OPG expression and its effect on TRAIL-induced cell were examined in both ovarian and breast cells. Signal transduction pathways regulation of OPG expression was examined in cells using pharmacogenetic approaches. RESULTS Expression of Rab25 to levels similar to those in tumors with RAB25 amplification, increased OPG mRNA expression and secretion from ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, whereas down regulation with Rab25 specific siRNA decreased OPG secretion and sensitized cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Critically, exogenous OPG mimicked the effects of Rab25 on cell death supporting the contention that Rab25-induced accumulation of OPG protects cancer cells from the effects of TRAIL. Rab25 cooperates with EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling to increase TRAIL production and release. Importantly, priming cells with EGFR inhibitors increased sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cells death regardless of the Rab25 background. CONCLUSION Increased OPG expression induced by Rab25 may provide a mechanistic advantage for cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kw Cheng
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Agarwal
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - S Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gb Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Delprato A. Topological and functional properties of the small GTPases protein interaction network. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44882. [PMID: 23028658 PMCID: PMC3441499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTP binding proteins of the Ras superfamily (Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran) regulate key cellular processes such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell motility, and vesicle transport. A great deal of experimental evidence supports the existence of signaling cascades and feedback loops within and among the small GTPase subfamilies suggesting that these proteins function in a coordinated and cooperative manner. The interplay occurs largely through association with bi-partite regulatory and effector proteins but can also occur through the active form of the small GTPases themselves. In order to understand the connectivity of the small GTPases signaling routes, a systems-level approach that analyzes data describing direct and indirect interactions was used to construct the small GTPases protein interaction network. The data were curated from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and include only experimentally validated interactions. The network method enables the conceptualization of the overall structure as well as the underlying organization of the protein-protein interactions. The interaction network described here is comprised of 778 nodes and 1943 edges and has a scale-free topology. Rac1, Cdc42, RhoA, and HRas are identified as the hubs. Ten sub-network motifs are also identified in this study with themes in apoptosis, cell growth/proliferation, vesicle traffic, cell adhesion/junction dynamics, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase response, transcription regulation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, gene silencing, and growth factor signaling. Bottleneck proteins that bridge signaling paths and proteins that overlap in multiple small GTPase networks are described along with the functional annotation of all proteins in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Delprato
- BioScience Project, Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Kim K, Lake BB, Haremaki T, Weinstein DC, Sokol SY. Rab11 regulates planar polarity and migratory behavior of multiciliated cells in Xenopus embryonic epidermis. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1385-95. [PMID: 22778024 PMCID: PMC4009926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenopus embryonic skin is composed of the superficial layer with defined apicobasal polarity and the inner layer lacking the apical domain. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) originate in the inner layer of the epidermal ectoderm and subsequently migrate to the surface. How MCCs acquire the apicobasal polarity and intercalate into the superficial layer during neurulation is largely unknown. As Rab11-dependent vesicle trafficking has been implicated in ciliary membrane assembly and in apical domain formation in epithelial cells, we assessed the involvement of Rab11 in MCC development. RESULTS Here we report that Rab11 is specifically enriched and becomes apically polarized in skin MCCs. Interference with Rab11 function by overexpression of a dominant negative mutant or injection of a specific morpholino oligonucleotide inhibited MCC intercalation into the superficial layer. Dominant negative Rab11-expressing MCC precursors revealed intrinsic apicobasal polarity, characterized by the apical domain, which is not normally observed in inner layer cells. Despite the presence of the apical domain, the cells with inhibited Rab11 function were randomly oriented relative to the plane of the tissue, thereby demonstrating a defect in planar polarity. CONCLUSIONS These results establish a requirement for Rab11 in MCC development and support a two-step model, in which the initial polarization of MCC precursors is critical for their integration into the superficial cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmi Kim
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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28
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Lapierre LA, Avant KM, Caldwell CM, Oztan A, Apodaca G, Knowles BC, Roland JT, Ducharme NA, Goldenring JR. Phosphorylation of Rab11-FIP2 regulates polarity in MDCK cells. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2302-18. [PMID: 22553350 PMCID: PMC3374749 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser-227 phosphorylation of Rab11-FIP2 by Par1b/MARK2 regulates the establishment of polarized epithelial monolayers in three-dimensional MDCK cell cultures and has an ongoing influence on the composition of both adherens and tight junctions in polarized epithelial cells. The Rab11 effector Rab11-family interacting protein 2 (Rab11-FIP2) regulates transcytosis through its interactions with Rab11a and myosin Vb. Previous studies implicated Rab11-FIP2 in the establishment of polarity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells through phosphorylation of Ser-227 by MARK2. Here we examine the dynamic role of Rab11-FIP2 phosphorylation on MDCK cell polarity. Endogenous Rab11-FIP2 phosphorylated on Ser-227 coalesces on vesicular plaques during the reestablishment of polarity after either monolayer wounding or calcium switch. Whereas expression of the nonphosphorylatable Rab11-FIP2(S227A) elicits a loss in lumen formation in MDCK cell cysts grown in Matrigel, the putative pseudophosphorylated Rab11-FIP2(S227E) mutant induces the formation of cysts with multiple lumens. On permeable filters, Rab11-FIP2(S227E)–expressing cells exhibit alterations in the composition of both the adherens and tight junctions. At the adherens junction, p120 catenin and K-cadherin are retained, whereas the majority of the E-cadherin is lost. Although ZO-1 is retained at the tight junction, occludin is lost and the claudin composition is altered. Of interest, the effects of Rab11-FIP2 on cellular polarity did not involve myosin Vb or Rab11a. These results indicate that Ser-227 phosphorylation of Rab11-FIP2 regulates the composition of both adherens and tight junctions and is intimately involved in the regulation of polarity in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Lapierre
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Dai Y, Liu Y, Huang D, Yu C, Cai G, Pi L, Ren C, Chen GZ, Tian Y, Zhang X. Increased expression of Rab coupling protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:1231-1236. [PMID: 22783424 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Rab coupling protein (RCP) has not been previously investigated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The aim of this study was to explore RCP protein expression and its clinicopathological significance in SCCHN. RCP protein expression in 95 SCCHN samples, 18 vocal nodule epithelia and 16 leukoplakia epithelia samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Our data indicated that vocal nodule epithelia, leukoplakia epithelia and SCCHN showed a gradual increase in the expression of RCP protein. RCP overexpression was significantly associated with T classification, clinical staging, lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Survival analysis revealed that a high RCP expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. In conclusion, RCP protein may contribute to the malignant progression of SCCHN, and serves as a novel prognostic marker in patients with SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhang Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
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30
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Butterworth MB, Edinger RS, Silvis MR, Gallo LI, Liang X, Apodaca G, Frizzell RA, Fizzell RA, Johnson JP. Rab11b regulates the trafficking and recycling of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 302:F581-90. [PMID: 22129970 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00304.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane of cortical collecting duct (CCD) principal cells is modulated by regulated trafficking mediated by vesicle insertion and retrieval. Small GTPases are known to facilitate vesicle trafficking, recycling, and membrane fusion events; however, little is known about the specific Rab family members that modify ENaC surface density. Using a mouse CCD cell line that endogenously expresses ENaC (mpkCCD), the channel was localized to both Rab11a- and Rab11b-positive endosomes by immunoisolation and confocal fluorescent microscopy. Expression of a dominant negative (DN) form of Rab11a or Rab11b significantly reduced the basal and cAMP-stimulated ENaC-dependent sodium (Na(+)) transport. The greatest reduction in Na(+) transport was observed with the expression of DN-Rab11b. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of each Rab11 isoform demonstrated the requirement for Rab11b in ENaC surface expression. These data indicate that Rab11b, and to a lesser extent Rab11a, is involved in establishing the constitutive and cAMP-stimulated Na(+) transport in mpkCCD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Momose F, Sekimoto T, Ohkura T, Jo S, Kawaguchi A, Nagata K, Morikawa Y. Apical transport of influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein requires Rab11-positive recycling endosome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21123. [PMID: 21731653 PMCID: PMC3120830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus RNA genome exists as eight-segmented ribonucleoprotein complexes containing viral RNA polymerase and nucleoprotein (vRNPs). Packaging of vRNPs and virus budding take place at the apical plasma membrane (APM). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of apical transport of newly synthesized vRNP. Transfection of fluorescent-labeled antibody and subsequent live cell imaging revealed that punctate vRNP signals moved along microtubules rapidly but intermittently in both directions, suggestive of vesicle trafficking. Using a series of Rab family protein, we demonstrated that progeny vRNP localized to recycling endosome (RE) in an active/GTP-bound Rab11-dependent manner. The vRNP interacted with Rab11 through viral RNA polymerase. The localization of vRNP to RE and subsequent accumulation to the APM were impaired by overexpression of Rab binding domains (RBD) of Rab11 family interacting proteins (Rab11-FIPs). Similarly, no APM accumulation was observed by overexpression of class II Rab11-FIP mutants lacking RBD. These results suggest that the progeny vRNP makes use of Rab11-dependent RE machinery for APM trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Momose
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Kadiu I, Nowacek A, McMillan J, Gendelman HE. Macrophage endocytic trafficking of antiretroviral nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:975-94. [PMID: 21417829 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy can improve drug compliance for people infected with HIV. Additional benefits would include specific drug deliveries to viral reservoirs and reduction in systemic toxicities. METHODS In this article, we describe mechanisms of crystalline antiretroviral nanoparticle (NP) uptake, intracellular trafficking and release in human monocyte-derived macrophages. RESULTS Following clathrin-dependent endocytosis NPs bypassed lysosomal degradation by sorting from early endosomes to recycling endosome pathways. Disruption of this pathway by siRNAs or brefeldin-A impaired particle release. Proteomic and biological analysis demonstrated that particle recycling was primarily Rab11 regulated. Particles were released intact and retained complete antiretroviral efficacy. CONCLUSION These results suggest possible pathways of subcellular transport of antiretroviral nanoformulations that preserve both particle integrity and antiretroviral activities demonstrating the potential utility of this approach for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kadiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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Schanda K, Hermann M, Stefanova N, Gredler V, Bandtlow C, Reindl M. Nogo-B is associated with cytoskeletal structures in human monocyte-derived macrophages. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:6. [PMID: 21235733 PMCID: PMC3029212 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The reticulon Nogo-B participates in cellular and immunological processes in murine macrophages. Since leukocytes are an essential part of the immune system in health and disease, we decided to investigate the expression of Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C in different human immune cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we analyzed the localization of Nogo-B in human monocyte-derived macrophages by indirect immunofluorescence stainings to gain further insight into its possible function. Findings We describe an association of Nogo-B with cytoskeletal structures and the base of filopodia, but not with focal or podosomal adhesion sites of monocyte-derived macrophages. Nogo-B positive structures are partially co-localized with RhoA staining and Rac1 positive membrane ruffles. Furthermore, Nogo-B is associated with the tubulin network, but not accumulated in the Golgi region. Although Nogo-B is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, it can also be translocated to large cell protrusions or the trailing end of migratory cells, where it is homogenously distributed. Conclusions Two different Nogo-B staining patterns can be distinguished in macrophages: firstly we observed ER-independent Nogo-B localization in cell protrusions and at the trailing end of migrating cells. Secondly, the localization of Nogo-B in actin/RhoA/Rac1 positive regions supports an influence on cytoskeletal organization. To our knowledge this is the first report on Nogo-B expression at the base of filopodia, thus providing further insight into the distribution of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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34
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Rossman JS, Lamb RA. Influenza virus assembly and budding. Virology 2011; 411:229-36. [PMID: 21237476 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemics, sporadic pandemics and is a significant global health burden. Influenza virus is an enveloped virus that contains a segmented negative strand RNA genome. Assembly and budding of progeny influenza virions is a complex, multi-step process that occurs in lipid raft domains on the apical membrane of infected cells. The viral proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are targeted to lipid rafts, causing the coalescence and enlargement of the raft domains. This clustering of HA and NA may cause a deformation of the membrane and the initiation of the virus budding event. M1 is then thought to bind to the cytoplasmic tails of HA and NA where it can then polymerize and form the interior structure of the emerging virion. M1, bound to the cytoplasmic tails of HA and NA, additionally serves as a docking site for the recruitment of the viral RNPs and may mediate the recruitment of M2 to the site of virus budding. M2 initially stabilizes the site of budding, possibly enabling the polymerization of the matrix protein and the formation of filamentous virions. Subsequently, M2 is able to alter membrane curvature at the neck of the budding virus, causing membrane scission and the release of the progeny virion. This review investigates the latest research on influenza virus budding in an attempt to provide a step-by-step analysis of the assembly and budding processes for influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Rossman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA
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35
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Brighouse A, Dacks JB, Field MC. Rab protein evolution and the history of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3449-65. [PMID: 20582450 PMCID: PMC2943070 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectacular increases in the quantity of sequence data genome have facilitated major advances in eukaryotic comparative genomics. By exploiting homology with classical model organisms, this makes possible predictions of pathways and cellular functions currently impossible to address in intractable organisms. Echoing realization that core metabolic processes were established very early following evolution of life on earth, it is now emerging that many eukaryotic cellular features, including the endomembrane system, are ancient and organized around near-universal principles. Rab proteins are key mediators of vesicle transport and specificity, and via the presence of multiple paralogues, alterations in interaction specificity and modification of pathways, contribute greatly to the evolution of complexity of membrane transport. Understanding system-level contributions of Rab proteins to evolutionary history provides insight into the multiple processes sculpting cellular transport pathways and the exciting challenges that we face in delving further into the origins of membrane trafficking specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brighouse
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
- King’s College London School of Medicine, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Joel B. Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7 Canada
| | - Mark C. Field
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
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36
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Jing J, Junutula JR, Wu C, Burden J, Matern H, Peden AA, Prekeris R. FIP1/RCP binding to Golgin-97 regulates retrograde transport from recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:3041-53. [PMID: 20610657 PMCID: PMC2929997 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins are retrieved to the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) from the endosomal system through several retrograde transport pathways to maintain the composition and function of the TGN. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these distinct retrograde pathways remain to be fully understood. Here we have used fluorescence and electron microscopy as well as various functional transport assays to show that Rab11a/b and its binding protein FIP1/RCP are both required for the retrograde delivery of TGN38 and Shiga toxin from early/recycling endosomes to the TGN, but not for the retrieval of mannose-6-phosphate receptor from late endosomes. Furthermore, by proteomic analysis we identified Golgin-97 as a FIP1/RCP-binding protein. The FIP1/RCP-binding domain maps to the C-terminus of Golgin-97, adjacent to its GRIP domain. Binding of FIP1/RCP to Golgin-97 does not affect Golgin-97 recruitment to the TGN, but appears to regulate the targeting of retrograde transport vesicles to the TGN. Thus, we propose that FIP1/RCP binding to Golgin-97 is required for tethering and fusion of recycling endosome-derived retrograde transport vesicles to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- *Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Christine Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jemima Burden
- MRC Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Matern
- Exelixis Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Andrew A. Peden
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, CB20XY, United Kingdom
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- *Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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Hsu VW, Prekeris R. Transport at the recycling endosome. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22:528-34. [PMID: 20541925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recycling endosome (RE) has long been considered as a sub-compartment of the early endosome that recycles internalized cargoes to the plasma membrane. The RE is now appreciated to participate in a more complex set of intracellular itineraries. Key cargo molecules and transport factors that act in these pathways are being identified. These advancements are beginning to reveal complexities in pathways involving the RE, and also suggest ways of further delineating functional domains of this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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38
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Trafficking of Sendai virus nucleocapsids is mediated by intracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10994. [PMID: 20543880 PMCID: PMC2881874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paramyxoviruses are assembled at the plasma membrane budding sites after synthesis of all the structural components in the cytoplasm. Although viral ribonuclocapsid (vRNP) is an essential component of infectious virions, the process of vRNP translocation to assembly sites is poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings To analyze real-time trafficking of vRNPs in live infected cells, we created a recombinant Sendai virus (SeV), rSeVLeGFP, which expresses L protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). The rSeVLeGFP showed similar growth kinetics compared to wt SeV, and newly synthesized LeGFP could be detected as early as 8 h postinfection. The majority of LeGFP co-localized with other components of vRNPs, NP and P proteins, suggesting the fluorescent signals of LeGFP represent the locations of vRNPs. Analysis of LeGFP movement using time-lapse digital video microscopy revealed directional and saltatory movement of LeGFP along microtubules. Treatment of the cells with nocodazole restricted vRNP movement and reduced progeny virion production without affecting viral protein synthesis, suggesting the role of microtubules in vRNP trafficking and virus assembly. Further study with an electron microscope showed close association of vRNPs with intracellular vesicles present in infected cells. In addition, the vRNPs co-localized with Rab11a protein, which is known to regulate the recycling endocytosis pathway and Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking. Simultaneous movement between LeGFP and Rab11a was also observed in infected cells, which constitutively express mRFP-tagged Rab11a. Involvement of recycling endosomes in vRNP translocation was also suggested by the fact that vRNPs move concomitantly with recycling transferrin labeled with Alexa 594. Conclusions/Significance Collectively, our results strongly suggest a previously unrecognized involvement of the intracellular vesicular trafficking pathway in vRNP translocation and provide new insights into the transport of viral structural components to the assembly sites of enveloped viruses.
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Norum M, Tång E, Chavoshi T, Schwarz H, Linke D, Uv A, Moussian B. Trafficking through COPII stabilises cell polarity and drives secretion during Drosophila epidermal differentiation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10802. [PMID: 20520821 PMCID: PMC2875407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differentiation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) at the apical side of epithelial cells implies massive polarised secretion and membrane trafficking. An epithelial cell is hence engaged in coordinating secretion and cell polarity for a correct and efficient ECM formation. Principal Findings We are studying the molecular mechanisms that Drosophila tracheal and epidermal cells deploy to form their specific apical ECM during differentiation. In this work we demonstrate that the two genetically identified factors haunted and ghost are essential for polarity maintenance, membrane topology as well as for secretion of the tracheal luminal matrix and the cuticle. We show that they code for the Drosophila COPII vesicle-coating components Sec23 and Sec24, respectively, that organise vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Conclusion Taken together, epithelial differentiation during Drosophila embryogenesis is a concerted action of ECM formation, plasma membrane remodelling and maintenance of cell polarity that all three rely mainly, if not absolutely, on the canonical secretory pathway from the ER over the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that COPII vesicles constitute a central hub for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Norum
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erika Tång
- Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tina Chavoshi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Heinz Schwarz
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Linke
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Uv
- Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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40
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Is Rab25 a tumor promoter or suppressor--context dependency on RCP status? Tumour Biol 2010; 31:359-61. [PMID: 20376596 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting reports in the literature suggest that Rab25 could either be a context dependent promoter or suppressor of tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that whether Rab25 acts as a promoter or suppressor in tumor progression depends on the expression status of its effector, the Rab coupling protein (RCP). An elevated expression of RCP resulting from genomic amplification may enhance Rab25's tumor progression activity. Elevation of Rab25 alone may sequester endogenous RCP, and attenuates its activating effect on other oncogenic products, such as mutant Ras.
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41
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Butterworth MB. Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by membrane trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:1166-77. [PMID: 20347969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is a major regulator of salt and water reabsorption in a number of epithelial tissues. Abnormalities in ENaC function have been directly linked to several human disease states including Liddle syndrome, psuedohypoaldosteronism, and cystic fibrosis and may be implicated in salt-sensitive hypertension. ENaC activity in epithelial cells is regulated both by open probability and channel number. This review focuses on the regulation of ENaC in the cells of the kidney cortical collecting duct by trafficking and recycling. The trafficking of ENaC is discussed in the broader context of epithelial cell vesicle trafficking. Well-characterized pathways and protein interactions elucidated using epithelial model cells are discussed, and the known overlap with ENaC regulation is highlighted. In following the life of ENaC in CCD epithelial cells the apical delivery, internalization, recycling, and destruction of the channel will be discussed. While a number of pathways presented still need to be linked to ENaC regulation and many details of the regulation of ENaC trafficking remain to be elucidated, knowledge of these mechanisms may provide further insights into ENaC activity in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Butterworth
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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