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Rude CI, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Waters KM, Anderson KA, Tanguay RL. Coupling Environmental Whole Mixture Toxicity Screening with Unbiased RNA-Seq Reveals Site-Specific Biological Responses in Zebrafish. TOXICS 2023; 11:201. [PMID: 36976966 PMCID: PMC10053777 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling device (PSD) extracts paired with developmental toxicity assays in Danio Rerio (zebrafish) are excellent sensors for whole mixture toxicity associated with the bioavailable non-polar organics at environmental sites. We expand this concept by incorporating RNA-Seq in 48-h post fertilization zebrafish statically exposed to PSD extracts from two Portland Harbor Superfund Site locations: river mile 6.5W (RM 6.5W) and river mile 7W (RM 7W). RM 6.5W contained higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but the diagnostic ratios of both extracts indicated similar PAH sourcing and composition. Developmental screens determined RM 6.5W to be more toxic with the most sensitive endpoint being a "wavy" notochord malformation. Differential gene expression from exposure to both extracts was largely parallel, although more pronounced for RM 6.5W. When compared to the gene expression associated with individual chemical exposures, PSD extracts produced some gene signatures parallel to PAHs but were more closely matched by oxygenated-PAHs. Additionally, differential expression, reminiscent of the wavy notochord phenotype, was not accounted for by either class of chemical, indicating the potential of other contaminants driving mixture toxicity. These techniques offer a compelling method for non-targeted hazard characterization of whole mixtures in an in vivo vertebrate system without requiring complete chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian I. Rude
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lane G. Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Zheng H, Kang S, Chen P, Li Q, Tripathee L, Maharjan L, Guo J, Zhang Q, Santos E. Sources and spatio-temporal distribution of aerosol polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114144. [PMID: 32062463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the recent rapid development of urbanization, atmospheric pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted wide attention, particularly in remote regions. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the third pole is adjacent to areas with heavy atmospheric pollution, such as South and East Asia. However, the spatial distribution and sources of PAHs on the TP remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the sources and spatio-temporal distributions of PAHs on the TP by combining aerosol sample data from six sites, including Ngari (NG), Laohugou (LHG), Beiluhe (BLH), Nam Co (NMC), Everest (EV), and Yulong (YL), in 2014 and 2016. The average concentrations of 15 PAHs at the six sites ranged from 3.4 to 15.2 ng m-3, with a decreasing trend from the marginal to inner areas of the plateau. The highest concentration was that in YL in the southeastern part of the TP, with an average of 15.2 ng m-3. The PAH concentrations in NG, NMC, and YL were higher in autumn and winter and lower in summer. High molecular weight PAHs usually exists in the particulate phase whereas tricyclic PAHs can change from particulate to gaseous phase, therefore it can indicate long-range transport. Tricyclic PAHs were the dominant PAHs on the TP (44%-58%), indicating long-range atmospheric transport as the major source of PAHs. Principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratio analysis showed that biomass and coal combustion were the major sources of PAHs in inland areas of the TP; however, marginal plateau areas were affected by fossil fuel emissions. Compared with levels in Beijing and other urban sites, the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was low (0.36-1.06 ng m-3), suggesting a low risk to human and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linda Maharjan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
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Abdallah MAE, Atia NN. Atmospheric concentrations, gaseous-particulate distribution, and carcinogenic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Assiut, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8059-8069. [PMID: 24664637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 15 priority PAHs were determined in the atmospheric gaseous and particulate phases from nine sites across Assiut City, Egypt. While naphthalene, acenaphthene, and fluorene were the most abundant in the gaseous phase with average concentrations of 377, 184, and 181 ng/m(3), benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene showed the highest levels in the particulate phase with average concentrations of 76, 6, and 52 ng/m(3). The average total atmospheric concentration of target PAHs (1,590 ng/m(3)) indicates that Assiut is one of the highest PAH-contaminated areas in the world. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the levels of PAHs in the atmosphere of urban and suburban sites (P = 0.029 and 0.043 for gaseous and particulate phases, respectively). Investigation of diagnostic PAH concentration ratios revealed vehicular combustion and traffic exhaust emissions as the major sources of PAHs with a higher contribution of gasoline rather than diesel vehicles in the sampled areas. Benzo[a]pyrene has the highest contribution (average = 32, 4% for gaseous and particulate phases) to the total carcinogenic activity (TCA) of atmospheric PAHs. While particulate phase PAHs have higher contribution to the TCA, gaseous phase PAHs present at higher concentrations in the atmosphere are more capable of undergoing atmospheric reactions to form more toxic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt,
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Lee ME, Urso P. Suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation to antigenic and mitogenic stimuli by Benzo(alpha)pyrene and 2-aminofluorene metabolites. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:425-38. [PMID: 18075855 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701675069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we attempt to reveal how 2-aminofluorene (AF), benzo(alpha)pyrene (BP) and their major metabolites affect T-cell responses to antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. P-450-related metabolism of these parent compounds to metabolites seems to precede the observed immunosuppression; therefore, we investigated the influence of alpha-naphthoflavone (P-450 inhibitor) and beta-naphthoflavone (P-450 inducer) on BP and AF immunosuppression. We used proliferative responses to concanavalin A and the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response as correlates of immunosuppression. We also attempted to correlate DNA-adduction to the extent of observed immunosuppression for AF and BP metabolites. These data show that the pathway to the strongest immunosuppressive agents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arylamines are divergent and related to metabolism by P450 enzymes.
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Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Long M, Hofmeister MV, Vinggaard AM. Endocrine-disrupting potential of bisphenol A, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-n-octylphenol in vitro: new data and a brief review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115 Suppl 1:69-76. [PMID: 18174953 PMCID: PMC2174402 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An array of environmental compounds is known to possess endocrine disruption (ED) potentials. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BPA-DM) are monomers used to a high extent in the plastic industry and as dental sealants. Alkylphenols such as 4-n-nonylphenol (nNP) and 4-n-octylphenol (nOP) are widely used as surfactants. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect in vitro of these four compounds on four key cell mechanisms including transactivation of a) the human estrogen receptor (ER), b) the human androgen receptor (AR), c) the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and d) aromatase activity. RESULTS All four compounds inhibited aromatase activity and were agonists and antagonists of ER and AR, respectively. nNP increased AhR activity concentration-dependently and further increased the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AhR action. nOP caused dual responses with a weak increased and a decreased AhR activity at lower (10(-8) M) and higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M), respectively. AhR activity was inhibited with BPA (10(-5)-10(-4) M) and weakly increased with BPA-DM (10(-5) M), respectively. nNP showed the highest relative potency (REP) compared with the respective controls in the ER, AhR, and aromatase assays, whereas similar REP was observed for the four chemicals in the AR assay. CONCLUSION Our in vitro data clearly indicate that the four industrial compounds have ED potentials and that the effects can be mediated via several cellular pathways, including the two sex steroid hormone receptors (ER and AR), aromatase activity converting testosterone to estrogen, and AhR; AhR is involved in syntheses of steroids and metabolism of steroids and xenobiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Frericks M, Meissner M, Esser C. Microarray analysis of the AHR system: Tissue-specific flexibility in signal and target genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 220:320-32. [PMID: 17350064 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Data mining published microarray experiments require that expression profiles are directly comparable. We performed linear global normalization on the data of 1967 Affymetrix U74av2 microarrays, i.e. the transcriptomes of >100 murine tissues or cell types. The mathematical transformation effectively nullifies inter-experimental or inter-laboratory differences between microarrays. The correctness of expression values was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Using the database we analyze components of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway in various tissues. We identified lineage and differentiation specific variant expression of AHR, ARNT, and HIF1alpha in the T-cell lineage and high expression of CYP1A1 in immature B cells and dendritic cells. Performing co-expression analysis we found unorthodox expression of the AHR in the absence of ARNT, particularly in stem cell populations, and can reject the hypothesis that ARNT2 takes over and is highly expressed when ARNT expression is low or absent. Furthermore the AHR shows no co-expression with any other transcript present on the chip. Analysis of differential gene expression under 308 conditions revealed 53 conditions under which the AHR is regulated, numerous conditions under which an intrinsic AHR action is modified as well as conditions activating the AHR even in the absence of known AHR ligands. Thus meta-analysis of published expression profiles is a powerful tool to gain novel insights into known and unknown systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Frericks
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pérez-Maldonado IN, Athanasiadou M, Yáñez L, González-Amaro R, Bergman A, Díaz-Barriga F. DDE-induced apoptosis in children exposed to the DDT metabolite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 370:343-51. [PMID: 16904735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In a preliminary study in children we found a weak positive association between the frequency of apoptosis and the exposure to DDT and DDE (a DDT metabolite). In order to verify this information, more studies were needed with an increased number of children. Thus, the aim of the present work was to see if DDT and its metabolites were able to induce apoptosis of PBMC in exposed children. We performed a study in children living in three communities located in southern Mexico. During the year 2003, we studied a total of 61 healthy children; and during the year 2004, 57 children from the same communities were assessed. Apoptosis frequencies in PBMC in these children ranged from 0.10% to 8.30% during 2003 and from 0.12% to 16.20% during 2004, and although we detected exposure to DDT, DDD and DDE, significant association with apoptosis frequencies was found only with DDE blood levels (p=0.010 and 0.040 for 2003 and 2004 respectively). DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage were also studied in 2004 using the comet assay. The association between exposure to DDT or DDE and DNA damage was significant (p=0.004 and p=0.005 respectively), but the association between DDT or DDE and oxidative DNA damage and that of oxidative damage and apoptosis were not significant. Taking into account that DDE is the most persistent metabolite, it would be important to assess the effects of this DDE-induced apoptosis of PBCM in children living in areas where DDT was sprayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Unidad Pediátrica Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Fiala Z, Borska L, Pastorkova A, Kremlacek J, Cerna M, Smejkalova J, Hamakova K. Genotoxic effect of Goeckerman regimen of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:243-51. [PMID: 16902768 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Goeckerman regimen (GR) of psoriasis includes daily dermal application of crude coal tar (CCT) and dermal exposure to UV-A and UV-B radiation. Observed group consisted of 23 patients with psoriasis treated by GR. Therapeutic ointment contained 5% of CCT. The level of psoriasis area and severity index was significantly decreased after GR (P < 0.001) and confirms high efficiency of GR. High levels of selected metabolites of pyrene and phenanthrene indicated high level of dermal penetration. We found significantly increased urinary mutagenicity in samples collected in the middle and in the end of GR (TA98+S9, P < 0.01; YG1041-S9, P < 0.001; YG1041+S9, P < 0.001). Significant increasing of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes (CA) in blood samples collected in the end of GR (P < 0.001) and consecutive decreasing of CA in 78th day after the end of GR has been observed. Almost all results indicated that the patients could be endangered by a peak genotoxic exposure. Nevertheless, the genotoxic effect does not seem to be long lasting. Despite conflicting results from cancer epidemiological studies, it is evident that single GR can contribute to the total load of environmental mutagens in a group of treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Fiala
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Reynaud S, Deschaux P. The effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on lymphocyte proliferation in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Toxicology 2005; 211:156-64. [PMID: 15863259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of lymphocyte proliferation as bioindicator of pollution stress was evaluated in the common carp (Cyrinus carpio L.). The time course response of peripheral blood leukocyte proliferation in response or not to mitogens was measured from 1 to 7 days after peritoneal injection of 3-methylcholantrene (3-MC), and compared to the time course response of a highly sensitive biomarker, induction of cytochrome P450. 3-Methylcholanthrene (40 mg kg(-1)) inhibited both B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A). Studies with alpha-naphtofiavone, suggest the lack of metabolic processes. 3-Methylcholanthrene alone strongly stimulated resting peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) proliferation. This effect was not transient. The induction of lymphocyte proliferation paralleled the increase in cytochrome P450 content in the liver. The specificity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced lymphocyte proliferation suggests that this immune activity may be an early marker of exposure to PAHs in aquatic environments. The capacity of 3-MC to induce rapid lymphocyte proliferation may be related to PAH-induced rapid clonal expansion in mammals. These results strongly suggested that the underlying mechanism might be the same in both models. More studies are needed in fish to explain this phenomenon and may be helpful in understanding the occurrence of neoplastic epizootics in fish associated with PAH exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reynaud
- Laboratory of General and Comparative Immunophysiology, UER of Sciences, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
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Kang JS, Jeon YJ, Suh J, Park SK, Yang KH, Kim HM. 2-Acetylaminofluorene inhibits interleukin-1β production in LPS-stimulated macrophages by blocking NF-κB/Rel activation. Cancer Lett 2004; 203:91-8. [PMID: 14670622 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Acetylaminofluorene inhibited IL-1 production in LPS-stimulated splenic macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, AAF also suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1beta in macrophages. To further characterize the molecular mechanism responsible for AAF-mediated suppression of IL-1beta, we investigated the effect of AAF on LPS-mediated activation of transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, AP-1, CRE and NF-IL6, which are known to be important for LPS-induced gene expression of IL-1beta. Treatment of AAF caused a dose-related inhibition of LPS-induced NF-kappaB/Rel transcriptional activation, while the transcriptional activation of AP-1, CRE and NF-IL6 was not affected by AAF. Furthermore, LPS-induced NF-kappaB/Rel DNA binding was also suppressed by AAF treatment. These results suggest that AAF inhibits IL-1beta gene expression by blocking NF-kappaB/Rel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Biopotency Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oun-dong, Yuseong-gu, 305-333 Taejon, South Korea
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