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Halawa E, Ryad L, El-Shenawy NS, Al-Eisa RA, EL-Hak HNG. Evaluation of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin residues and their hormonal disrupting effects on male rats using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259383. [PMID: 34855766 PMCID: PMC8638893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds as pesticides affect the hormonal balance, and this can result in several diseases. Therefore, the analysis of representative hormones with acetamiprid (AC) and azoxystrobin (AZ) was a good strategy for the investigation of the endocrine-disrupting activity of pesticides. Hence, a sensitive and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was validated for the analysis of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in the serum, testis, and liver of rats. The correlation between the residues of pesticides and the disturbance of the endocrine system was evaluated. The different mass parameters, mobile phase types, analytical columns, injection volumes, and extraction solvents were compared to get the lowest limit of detection of the studied compounds. The detection limits of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone were 0.05, 0.05, 1.0, 10, and 1.0 ng/ml, respectively. The method developed was applied to evaluate the changes in these hormones induced by the duration of exposure to AC and AZ in rat testis and serum. The hormones level in rat serum and testis had a significant decrease as they were oral gavage treated with different high concentrations of studied pesticides. Both pesticides were distributed in the body of rats by the multi-compartment model (liver, testis, and serum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Halawa
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lamia Ryad
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahla S. El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Al-Eisa
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba N. Gad EL-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Tran DN, Park SM, Jung EM, Jeung EB. Prenatal Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Exposure Impaired Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor, Leading to Motor, Cognition, Social and Behavioral Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12949. [PMID: 34884750 PMCID: PMC8657511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) has raised concerns as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). D4 is widely used in detergent products, cosmetics, and personal care products. Recently, robust toxicological data for D4 has been reported, but the adverse effects of D4 on brain development are unknown. Here, pregnant mice on gestational day 9.5 were treated daily with D4 to postnatal day 28, and the offspring mice were studied. The prenatal D4-treated mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction, limited memory, and motor learning defect. Moreover, prenatal D4 exposure reduced the proliferation of neuronal progenitors in the offspring mouse brain. Next, the mechanisms through which D4 regulated the cell cycle were investigated. Aberrant gene expression, such as cyclin-dependent kinases CDK6 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, were found in the prenatal D4-treated mice. Furthermore, the estrogen receptors ERa and ERb were increased in the brain of prenatal D4-treated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that D4 exerts estrogen activity that affects the cell cycle progression of neuronal progenitor cells during neurodevelopment, which may be associated with cognitive deficits in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Nam Tran
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seon-Mi Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehang-ro, 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
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Montagnini BG, Forcato S, Pernoncine KV, Monteiro MC, Pereira MRF, Costa NO, Moreira EG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Gerardin DCC. Developmental and Reproductive Outcomes in Male Rats Exposed to Triclosan: Two-Generation Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738980. [PMID: 34721297 PMCID: PMC8548666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a phenolic compound with broad-spectrum antimicrobial action that has been incorporated into a variety of personal care products and other industry segments such as toys, textiles, and plastics. Due to its widespread use, TCS and its derivatives have been detected in several environmental compartments, with potential bioaccumulation and persistence. Indeed, some studies have demonstrated that TCS may act as a potential endocrine disruptor for the reproductive system. In the current study, we are reporting on the results obtained for male rats after a two-generation reproduction toxicity study conducted with TCS. Female and male Wistar rats were treated daily by gavage with TCS at doses of 0.8, 2.4, and 8.0 mg/kg/day or corn oil (control group) over 10 weeks (F0) and over 14 weeks (F1) before mating and then throughout mating, until weaning F2 generations, respectively. TCS exposure decreased sperm viability and motility of F1 rats at the dose of 2.4 mg/kg. The effects of TCS on sperm quality may be related to the exposure window, which includes the programming of reproductive cells that occurs during fetal/neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Garcia Montagnini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Simone Forcato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karine Vandressa Pernoncine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cunha Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marina Rangel Ferro Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Orlandini Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Gastadello Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Ceccatto Gerardin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Xu Q, Chen Q, Lin L, Zhang P, Li Z, Yu Y, Ma F, Ying Y, Li X, Ge RS. Triadimefon suppresses fetal adrenal gland development after in utero exposure. Toxicology 2021; 462:152932. [PMID: 34508824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triadimefon is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, which is widely used in agriculture to control mold and fungal infections. It is considered an endocrine disruptor. Whether triadimefon exposure can inhibit the development of fetal adrenal glands and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Thirty-two pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Dams were gavaged triadimefon (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) daily for 10 days from gestational day (GD) 12 to GD 21. Triadimefon significantly reduced the thickness of the zona fasciculata of male fetuses at 100 mg/kg, although it did not change the thickness of the zona glomerulosa. It significantly reduced the serum aldosterone levels of male fetuses at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and significantly reduced serum corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Triadimefon significantly down-regulated the expression of Agtr1, Mc2r, Star, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Igf1, Nr5a1, Sod2, Gpx1, and Cat, but did not affect the mRNA levels of Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Cyp21, Hsd3b1, and Hsd11b2. Triadimefon markedly reduced AT1R, CYP11B2, IGF1, NR5A1, and MC2R protein levels. Triadimefon significantly reduced the phosphorylation of AKT1 and ERK1/2 at 100 mg/kg without affecting the phosphorylation of AKT2. In contrast, it significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation at 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, exposure to triadimefon during gestation inhibits the development of fetal adrenal cortex in male fetuses. This inhibition is possibly due to the reduction of several proteins required for the synthesis of steroid hormones, and may be involved in changes in antioxidant contents and the phosphorylation of AKT1, ERK1/2, and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Quanxu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Liben Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Yaglova NV, Tsomartova DA, Obernikhin SS, Yaglov VV, Nazimova SV, Tsomartova ES, Chereshneva EV, Ivanova MY, Lomanovskaya TA. Differential Disrupting Effects of Prolonged Low-Dose Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on Androgen and Estrogen Production in Males. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3155. [PMID: 33808818 PMCID: PMC8003643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is the most widespread, persistent pollutant and endocrine disruptor on the planet. Although DDT has been found to block androgen receptors, the effects of its low-dose exposure in different periods of ontogeny on the male reproductive system remain unclear. We evaluate sex steroid hormone production in the pubertal period and after maturation in male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of o,p'-DDT, either during prenatal and postnatal development or postnatal development alone. Prenatally and postnatally exposed rats exhibit lower testosterone production and increased estradiol and estriol serum levels after maturation, associated with the delayed growth of gonads. Postnatally exposed rats demonstrate accelerated growth of gonads and higher testosterone production in the pubertal period. In contrast to the previous group, they do not present raised estradiol production. All of the exposed animals exhibit a reduced conversion of progesterone to 17OH-progesterone after sexual maturation, which indicates putative attenuation of sex steroid production. Thus, the study reveals age-dependent outcomes of low-dose exposure to DDT. Prenatal onset of exposure results in the later onset of androgen production and the enhanced conversion of androgens to estrogens after puberty, while postnatal exposure induces the earlier onset of androgen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Dibakhan A. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Svetlana V. Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
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Grasselli E, Dvorakova M, Graceli JB. Editorial: Presence and Daily Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: How Can Human Life Change? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:790853. [PMID: 34899615 PMCID: PMC8654277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.790853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Grasselli,
| | - Marketa Dvorakova
- National Reference Laboratory for Experimental Immunotoxicology, Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Prague, Czechia
| | - Jones B. Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Haggerty DK, Strakovsky RS, Talge NM, Carignan CC, Glazier-Essalmi AN, Ingersoll BR, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Paneth NS, Ruden DM. Prenatal phthalate exposures and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in low-risk children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 83:106947. [PMID: 33412243 PMCID: PMC7825926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms in some, but not all, studies, but most research has not accounted for other childhood behavior problems. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the specific associations of prenatal phthalate exposures with ASD symptoms in children (ages 3-6) accounting for other behavior problems, and to assess sex differences in these associations. METHODS We measured phthalate metabolites in prenatal urine samples. Mothers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale-2nd edition (SRS-2) to assess child ASD symptoms and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess general behavior problems. We assessed associations of the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, monobutyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, and monoethyl phthalate (mEP) with ASD symptoms, adjusting for other behavior problems, using linear regression models (n=77). RESULTS Most associations were null, and the sample size limited power to detect associations, particularly in the stratified analyses. After adjusting for internalizing and externalizing problems from the CBCL, ASD symptoms increased for each doubling of prenatal mEP concentration among boys only. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation of maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and ASD symptoms while adjusting for other behavioral problems is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicole M Talge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Brooke R Ingersoll
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nigel S Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Leng Y, Sun Y, Huang W, Lv C, Cui J, Li T, Wang Y. Phthalate esters and dexamethasone synergistically activate glucocorticoid receptor. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:1581-1588. [PMID: 32998617 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1826775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the endocrine-disrupting effects of phthalate esters (PAEs) on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Potential (anti)glucocorticoid activities of six typical PAEs including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were evaluated on human GR using cell viability assessment, reporter gene expression analysis, mRNA analysis, and molecular docking and simulation. For all tested chemicals, co-treatment of DEHP and DINP with dexamethasone (DEX) exhibited a synergistic effect on GR transactivity in the reporter assays. Such co-treatment also synergistically enhanced DEX-induced upregulation of GR mediated gene (PEPCK, FAS and MKP-1) mRNA expression in HepG2 cells and A549 cells. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed that hydrophobic interactions may stabilize the binding between molecules and GR. In summary, DEHP and DINP may be involved in synergistic effects via human GR, which highlight the potential endocrine-disrupting activities of PAEs as contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Cui
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Li J, Qu Z, Qian H, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Liu S. Intrauterine exposure to low-dose DBP in the mice induces obesity in offspring via suppression of UCP1 mediated ER stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16360. [PMID: 33004990 PMCID: PMC7529907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor that has been detected in fetal and postnatal samples. Recent evidence found that in utero DBP exposure was associated with an increase of adipose tissue weight and serum lipids in offspring, but the precise mechanism is unknown. Here we aimed to study the effects of in utero DBP exposure on obesity in offspring and examine possible mechanisms. SPF C57BL/6J pregnant mice were gavaged with either DBP (5 mg /kg/day) or corn oil, from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 7. After the offspring were weaned, the mice were fed a standard diet for 21 weeks, and in the last 2 weeks 20 mice were selected for TUDCA treatment. Intrauterine exposure to low-dose DBP promoted obesity in offspring, with evidence of glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and a decreased metabolic rate. Compared to controls, the DBP exposed mice had lower expression of UCP1 and significantly higher expression of Bip and Chop, known markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, TUDCA treatment of DBP exposed mice returned these parameters nearly to the levels of the controls, with increased expression of UCP1, lower expression of Bip and Chop and ameliorated obesity. Intrauterine exposure of mice to low-dose DBP appears to promote obesity in offspring by inhibiting UCP1 via ER stress, a process that was largely reversed by treatment with TUDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Zhenting Qu
- Jilin Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Hospital, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Honghao Qian
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China.
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Abstract
Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes, which are strictly regulated by their major cell components, i. e., Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells. Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. However, these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and personal care products such as lipsticks, face makeup, and nail lacquers. Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety, bisphenols are still being used worldwide, especially bisphenol A. While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health, current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. In addition, bisphenols are xenoestrogens, which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors. In this review, we provide in utero, in vivo, and in vitro evidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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Kaspar D, Hastreiter S, Irmler M, Hrabé de Angelis M, Beckers J. Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:119-133. [PMID: 32350605 PMCID: PMC7368866 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often mediated via epigenetic modifiers that target the expression of metabolic genes. More recently, it was discovered that such parentally acquired metabolic changes can alter the metabolic health of the filial and grand-filial generations. In mammals, this epigenetic inheritance can either follow an intergenerational or transgenerational mode of inheritance. In the case of intergenerational inheritance, epimutations established in gametes persist through the first round of epigenetic reprogramming occurring during preimplantation development. For transgenerational inheritance, epimutations persist additionally throughout the reprogramming that occurs during germ cell development later in embryogenesis. Differentially expressed transcripts, genomic cytosine methylations, and several chemical modifications of histones are prime candidates for tangible marks which may serve as epimutations in inter- and transgenerational inheritance and which are currently being investigated experimentally. We review, here, the current literature in support of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic traits caused by nutritional constraints and potential mechanisms in man and in rodent model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kaspar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hastreiter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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12
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Ma Z, Parris AB, Howard EW, Davis M, Cao X, Woods C, Yang X. In Utero Exposure to Bisphenol a Promotes Mammary Tumor Risk in MMTV-Erbb2 Transgenic Mice Through the Induction of ER-erbB2 Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093095. [PMID: 32353937 PMCID: PMC7247154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Studies suggest a link between perinatal BPA exposure and increased breast cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of in utero BPA exposure on mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mice. Pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with BPA (0, 50, 500 ng/kg and 250 µg/kg BW) daily between gestational days 11–19. Female offspring were examined for mammary tumorigenesis, puberty onset, mammary morphogenesis, and signaling in ER and erbB2 pathways. In utero exposure to low dose BPA (500 ng/kg) induced mammary tumorigenesis, earlier puberty onset, increased terminal end buds, and prolonged estrus phase, which was accompanied by proliferative mammary morphogenesis. CD24/49f-based FACS analysis showed that in utero exposure to 500 ng/kg BPA induced expansion of luminal and basal/myoepithelial cell subpopulations at PND 35. Molecular analysis of mammary tissues at PND 70 showed that in utero exposure to low doses of BPA induced upregulation of ERα, p-ERα, cyclin D1, and c-myc, concurrent activation of erbB2, EGFR, erbB-3, Erk1/2, and Akt, and upregulation of growth factors/ligands. Our results demonstrate that in utero exposure to low dose BPA promotes mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 mice through induction of ER-erbB2 crosstalk and mammary epithelial reprogramming, which advance our understanding of the mechanism associated with in utero exposure to BPA-induced breast cancer risk. The studies also support using MMTV-erbB2 mouse model for relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Amanda B. Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Erin W. Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Meghan Davis
- Biotechnology, Rowan-Cabarrus Community College, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Xia Cao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Courtney Woods
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (Z.M.); (A.B.P.); (E.W.H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-704-250-5726
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13
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Brulport A, Vaiman D, Chagnon MC, Le Corre L. Obesogen effect of bisphenol S alters mRNA expression and DNA methylation profiling in male mouse liver. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125092. [PMID: 31683443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is increasingly considered an important factor involved in the obesity incidence. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are important actors in the concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease), where epigenetic mechanisms play crucial roles. Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer used in the manufacture of plastics and resins is one of the most studied obesogenic endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol S (BPS), a BPA substitute, has the same obesogenic properties, acting at low doses with a sex-specific effect following perinatal exposure. Since the liver is a major organ in regulating body lipid homeostasis, we investigated gene expression and DNA methylation under low-dose BPS exposure. The BPS obesogenic effect was associated with an increase of hepatic triglyceride content. These physiological disturbances were accompanied by genome-wide changes in gene expression (1366 genes significantly modified more than 1.5-fold). Gene ontology analysis revealed alteration of gene cascades involved in protein translation and complement regulation. It was associated with hepatic DNA hypomethylation in autosomes and hypermethylation in sex chromosomes. Although no systematic correlation has been found between gene repression and hypermethylation, several genes related to liver metabolism were either hypermethylated (Acsl4, Gpr40, Cel, Pparδ, Abca6, Ces3a, Sgms2) or hypomethylated (Soga1, Gpihbp1, Nr1d2, Mlxipl, Rps6kb2, Esrrb, Thra, Cidec). In specific cases (Hapln4, ApoA4, Cidec, genes involved in lipid metabolism and liver fibrosis) mRNA upregulation was associated with hypomethylation. In conclusion, we show for the first time wide disruptive physiological effects of low-dose of BPS, which raises the question of its harmlessness as an industrial substitute for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Brulport
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- From Gametes to Birth Team (FGTB), INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ludovic Le Corre
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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14
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Martini M, Froment P, Franceschini I, Pillon D, Guibert E, Cahier C, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Keller M. Perinatal Exposure to Methoxychlor Affects Reproductive Function and Sexual Behavior in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:639. [PMID: 33013709 PMCID: PMC7509471 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous chemicals derived from human activity are now disseminated in the environment where their exert estrogenic endocrine disrupting effects, and therefore represent major health concerns. The present study explored whether Methoxychlor (MXC), an insecticide with xenoestrogens activities, given during the perinatal period (from gestational day 11 to postnatal day 8) and at an environmentally dose [20 μg/kg (body weight)/day], would affect reproductive physiology and sexual behavior of the offspring in mice. While MXC exposure did not induce any differences in the weight gain of animals from birth to 4 months of age, a clear difference (although in opposite direction according to the sexes) was observed on the anogenital distance between intact and exposed animals. A similar effect was also observed on preputial separation and vaginal opening, which reflects, respectively, in males and females, puberty occurrence. The advanced puberty observed in females was associated with an enhanced expression of kisspeptin cells in the anteroventral periventricular region of the medial preoptic area. Exposure to MXC did not induce in adult females changes in the estrous cycle or in the weight of the female reproductive tract. By contrast, males showed reduced weight of the epididymis and seminiferous vesicles associated with reduced testosterone levels and seminiferous tubule diameter. We also showed that both males and females showed deficits in mate preference tests. As a whole, our results show that MXC impacts reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Martini
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
- Department of Biological Sciences & Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Pascal Froment
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Franceschini
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edith Guibert
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claude Cahier
- Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, UE 1297, INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Matthieu Keller
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15
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Wu D, Huang CJ, Jiao XF, Ding ZM, Zhang SX, Miao YL, Huo LJ. Bisphenol AF compromises blood-testis barrier integrity and sperm quality in mice. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124410. [PMID: 31362132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The profound influence of environmental chemicals on human health including inducing life-threatening gene mutation has been publicly recognized. Being a substitute for the extensively used endocrine-disrupting chemical BPA, Bisphenol AF (BPAF) has been known as teratogen with developmental toxicities and therefore potentially putting human into the risk of biological hazards. Herein, we deciphered the detrimental effects of BPAF on spermatogenesis and spermiotiliosis in sexual maturity of mice exposing to BPAF (5, 20, 50 mg/kg/d) for consecutive 28 days. BPAF exposure significantly compromises blood-testis barrier integrity and sperm quantity and quality in a dose-dependent manner. Sperms from BPAF exposure mice are featured by severe DNA damage, altered SUMOylation and ubiquitination dynamics and interfered epigenetic inheritance with hypermethylation of H3K27me3 presumably due to the aggregation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, BPAF treatment (50 μM for 24 h) compromises cytoskeleton architecture and tight junction permeability in primary cultured Sertoli cells evidenced by dysfunction of actin regulatory proteins (e.g. Arp3 and Palladin) via activation of ERK signaling, thereby perturbing the privilege microenvironment created by Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis. Overall, our study determines BPAF is deleterious for male fertility, leading to a better appreciation of its toxicological features in our life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chun-Jie Huang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Xiao-Fei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shou-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Biochip Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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16
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Bao M, Huang W, Au WW, Zheng S, Liu C, Huang Y, Wu K. Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate based on circadian rhythm changes the fecundity and expression of certain genes on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis of female zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114715. [PMID: 31437491 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of a variety of experimental animals to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has shown that it is a potent endocrine-disrupting chemical. However, its interaction with the circadian rhythm on responses along the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal - liver (HPGL) axis should be of significant value but has not been adequately investigated. In present study, the effects of PFOS on fecundity, levels of estradiol (E2) and expression of certain genes on the HPGL axis at two time points (8:00 AM and 7:00 PM) were compared after female zebrafish were exposed to 0, 2, 20 and 200 μg/L PFOS for 21 days. In brain, expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly different after the exposure when sampled at 8:00 AM and at 7:00 PM (P < .05). In liver, significant down-regulation of vitellogenin1 (VTG1) and estrogenic receptor α (ERα) were observed at 7:00 PM compared with 8:00 AM (P < .05). In ovary, the level of CYP19 was significantly different at the two time points (P < .05). The increase of E2 after exposure to 20 μg/L PFOS at 8:00 AM caused compensatory down-regulation of GnRHr and up-regulation of VTG1 and ERα, but not at 7:00 PM. Profiles of concentrations of E2 and several gene expressions alongside the HPGL axis were different between two times points. The change of E2 and gene expressions were more perturbed by PFOS at 8:00 AM than at 7:00 PM with circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Bao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - William W Au
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania and Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanni Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Ahmed KEM, Frøysa HG, Karlsen OA, Blaser N, Zimmer KE, Berntsen HF, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E, Kellmann R, Goksøyr A. Effects of defined mixtures of POPs and endocrine disruptors on the steroid metabolome of the human H295R adrenocortical cell line. Chemosphere 2019; 218:328-339. [PMID: 30476764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of environmental pollutants in our ecosystem may impose harmful health effects to wildlife and humans. Several of these toxic chemicals have a potential to interfere with the endocrine system. The adrenal cortex has been identified as the main target organ affected by endocrine disrupting chemicals. The aim of this work was to assess exposure effects of defined and environmentally relevant mixtures of chlorinated, brominated and perfluorinated chemicals on steroidogenesis, using the H295R adrenocortical cell line model in combination with a newly developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. By using this approach, we could simultaneously analyze 19 of the steroids in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, revealing a deeper insight into possible disruption of steroidogenesis. Our results showed a noticeable down-regulation in steroid production when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of a mixture of brominated and fluorinated compounds (10,000-times human blood values). In contrast, up-regulation was observed with estrone under the same experimental condition, as well as with some other steroids when cells were exposed to a perfluorinated mixture (1000-times human blood values), and the mixture of chlorinated and fluorinated compounds. Interestingly, the low concentration of the perfluorinated mixture alone produced a significant, albeit small, down-regulation of pregnenolone, and the total mixture a similar effect on 17-hydroxypregnenolone. Other mixtures resulted in only slight deviations from the control. Indication of synergistic effects were noted when we used a statistical model to improve data interpretation. A potential for adverse outcomes of human exposures is indicated, pointing to the need for further investigation into these mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Håvard G Frøysa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Department of Administration, Lab Animal Unit, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstuen, N-0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Steven Verhaegen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ralf Kellmann
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Michiels EDG, Vergauwen L, Lai FY, Town RM, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN, Van Cruchten SJ, Knapen D. Advancing the Zebrafish embryo test for endocrine disruptor screening using micro-injection: Ethinyl estradiol as a case study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:533-547. [PMID: 30569562 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish (embryo) toxicity test guidelines are mostly based on aquatic exposures. However, in some cases, other exposure routes can be more practical and relevant. Micro-injection into the yolk of fish embryos could offer a particular advantage for administering hydrophobic compounds, such as many endocrine disruptors. Single-dose micro-injection was compared with continuous aquatic exposure in terms of compound accumulation and biological responses. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) was used as a model compound. First, the optimal solvent and droplet size were optimized, and needle variation was assessed. Next, biological endpoints were evaluated. The accumulated internal dose of EE2 decreased over time in both exposure scenarios. Estrogen receptor activation was concentration/injected dose dependent, increased daily, and was related to esr2b transcription. Transcription of vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) was induced in both scenarios, but the cyp19a1b transcription pattern differed between routes. Injection caused an increase in cyp19a1b transcripts from 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) onward, whereas after aquatic exposure the main increase occurred between 96 and 120 hpf. Some malformations only occurred after injection, whereas others were present for both scenarios. We conclude that responses can differ between exposure routes and therefore micro-injection is not a direct substitute for, but can be complementary to aquatic exposure. Nevertheless, vtg1and cyp19a1b transcription and estrogen receptor activation are suitable biomarkers for endocrine disruptor screening in both scenarios. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:533-547. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen D G Michiels
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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19
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Nicholson TM, Nguyen JL, Leverson GE, Taylor JA, Vom Saal FS, Wood RW, Ricke WA. Endocrine disruptor bisphenol A is implicated in urinary voiding dysfunction in male mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1208-F1216. [PMID: 30019933 PMCID: PMC6293302 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00582.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, acting synergistically with androgens, are known from animal experiments to be important in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostate enlargement. Human exposure to environmental estrogens occurs throughout the life span, but the urologic health risks in men are largely unknown. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor implicated in male urogenital malformations. Given the role of estrogens in male LUTS, we studied the effects of BPA administered in combination with testosterone (T) on the urinary voiding behavior of adult male mice. Adult male mice underwent subcutaneous implantation with slow-release pellets of 25 mg BPA or 2.5 mg estradiol-17β (E2), plus 25 mg T, and were compared with untreated (UNT) mice that underwent sham surgery. We studied urinary voiding behavior noninvasively for 1 mo before treatment and for 4 mo after treatment. After euthanasia, we evaluated bladder volume and mass. Mice treated with T+BPA had increased bladder volume ( P < 0.05) and mass ( P < 0.01) compared with UNT mice. After 4 mo of treatment with T+BPA, three of five mice developed voiding dysfunction in the form of droplet voiding or an intermediate pattern of voiding different from both UNT and T+E2-treated mice. Treatment of male mice with BPA or estradiol induces voiding dysfunction that manifests at later time points, implicating the endocrine disruptor, BPA, as a contributor to male LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalissa L Nguyen
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Glen E Leverson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Julia A Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Ronald W Wood
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - William A Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
- U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
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Haggard DE, Karmaus AL, Martin MT, Judson RS, Woodrow Setzer R, Friedman KP. High-Throughput H295R Steroidogenesis Assay: Utility as an Alternative and a Statistical Approach to Characterize Effects on Steroidogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2018; 162:509-534. [PMID: 29216406 PMCID: PMC10716795 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have used the human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cell-based assay to predict chemical perturbation of androgen and estrogen production. Recently, a high-throughput H295R (HT-H295R) assay was developed as part of the ToxCast program that includes measurement of 11 hormones, including progestagens, corticosteroids, androgens, and estrogens. To date, 2012 chemicals have been screened at 1 concentration; of these, 656 chemicals have been screened in concentration-response. The objectives of this work were to: (1) develop an integrated analysis of chemical-mediated effects on steroidogenesis in the HT-H295R assay and (2) evaluate whether the HT-H295R assay predicts estrogen and androgen production specifically via comparison with the OECD-validated H295R assay. To support application of HT-H295R assay data to weight-of-evidence and prioritization tasks, a single numeric value based on Mahalanobis distances was computed for 654 chemicals to indicate the magnitude of effects on the synthesis of 11 hormones. The maximum mean Mahalanobis distance (maxmMd) values were high for strong modulators (prochloraz, mifepristone) and lower for moderate modulators (atrazine, molinate). Twenty-five of 28 reference chemicals used for OECD validation were screened in the HT-H295R assay, and produced qualitatively similar results, with accuracies of 0.90/0.75 and 0.81/0.91 for increased/decreased testosterone and estradiol production, respectively. The HT-H295R assay provides robust information regarding estrogen and androgen production, as well as additional hormones. The maxmMd from this integrated analysis may provide a data-driven approach to prioritizing lists of chemicals for putative effects on steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik E. Haggard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
| | - Agnes L. Karmaus
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
| | - Matthew T. Martin
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
| | - Richard S. Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
| | - R. Woodrow Setzer
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711
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Hamdaoui L, Naifar M, Rahmouni F, Harrabi B, Ayadi F, Sahnoun Z, Rebai T. Subchronic exposure to kalach 360 SL-induced endocrine disruption and ovary damage in female rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:27-34. [PMID: 28708416 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1352606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kalach 360 SL (KL), glyphosate (G) surfactant-based herbicides, is a systemic herbicide effective against weeds. It was applied in agriculture in Tunisia and throughout the world, which can represent a risk to non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and biochemical aspects of ovary injury after exposure to KL. Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group 1 was used as a control; group 2 orally received 0.07 ml of KL, (126 mg of G/kg) and group 3 orally received 0.175 ml of KL (315 mg of G/kg) each day for 60 days. The subchronic exposure of KL induces impaired folliculogenesis, ovary development, decreased oestrogen secretion, promoted oxidative stress and impairments of ovary histological aspects. Histological finding shows necrosis cell, vacuolisation of follicles, dissociated oocytes and granulosa cell, associated with several atretic follicles. We conclude that KL induces endocrine disruption and ovary damage in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- b Biochemical Laboratory , Habib Bourguiba Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Bahira Harrabi
- c Pharmacology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- b Biochemical Laboratory , Habib Bourguiba Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- c Pharmacology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
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Sun RB, Shang S, Zhang W, Lin BC, Wang Q, Shi Y, Xi ZG. Endocrine Disruption Activity of 30-day Dietary Exposure to Decabromodiphenyl Ethane in Balb/C Mouse. Biomed Environ Sci 2018; 31:12-22. [PMID: 29409581 DOI: 10.3967/bes2018.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity, metabolic disturbance activity and endocrine disrupting activity of mice treated by Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). METHODS In this study, Balb/C mice were treated orally by gavage with various doses of DBDPE. After 30 days of treatment, mice were sacrificed; blood, livers and thyroid glands were obtained, and hepatic microsomes were isolated. Biochemical parameters including 8 clinical chemistry parameters, blood glucose and hormone levels including insulin and thyroid hormone were assayed. The effects of DBDPE on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) levels and activities and uridinediphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) activities were investigated. Liver and thyroid glands were observed. RESULTS There were no obvious signs of toxicity and no significant treatment effect on body weight, or liver-to-body weight ratios between treatment groups. The levels of ALT and AST of higher dose treatment groups were markedly increased. Blood glucose levels of treatment groups were higher than those of control group. There was also an induction in TSH, T3, and fT3. UDPGT, PROD, and EROD activities were found to have been increased significantly in the high dose group. Histopathologic liver changes were characterized by hepatocyte hypertrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Our findings suggest that DBDPE can cause a certain degree of mouse liver damage and insufficiency. CONCLUSION DBDPE has the activity of endocrine disruptors in Bal/C mice, which may induce drug-metabolizing enzymes including CYPs and UDPGT, and interfere with thyroid hormone levels mediated by AhR and CAR signaling pathways. Endocrine disrupting activity of DBDPE could also affect the glucose metabolism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Bao Sun
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuai Shang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Ben Cheng Lin
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhu Ge Xi
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
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Gillette R, Reilly MP, Topper VY, Thompson LM, Crews D, Gore AC. Anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood are altered in male but not female rats exposed to low dosages of polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. Horm Behav 2017; 87:8-15. [PMID: 27794483 PMCID: PMC5603326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can result in altered reproductive behavior in adulthood, especially when exposure occurs during critical periods of brain sexual differentiation in the fetus. Whether PCBs alter other sexually dimorphic behaviors such as those involved in anxiety is poorly understood. To address this, pregnant rat dams were injected twice, on gestational days 16 and 18, with the weakly estrogenic PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221) at one of two low dosages (0.5mg/kg or 1.0mg/kg, hereafter 1.0 and 0.5), estradiol benzoate (EB; 50μg/kg) as a positive estrogenic control, or the vehicle (3% DMSO in sesame oil). We also conducted a comprehensive assessment of developmental milestones of the F1 male and female offspring. There were no effects of treatment on sex ratio at birth and age at eye opening. Puberty, assessed by vaginal opening in females and preputial separation in males, was not affected in females but was advanced in males treated with A1221 (1.0). Males and females treated with A1221 (both dosages) were heavier in early adulthood relative to controls. The earliest manifestation of this effect developed in males prior to puberty and in females slightly later, during puberty. Anxiety-like behaviors were tested using the light:dark box and elevated plus maze tests in adulthood. In females, anxiety behaviors were unaffected by treatment. Males treated with A1221 (1.0) showed reduced indices of anxiety and increased activity in the light:dark box but not the elevated plus maze. EB failed to replicate the phenotype produced by A1221 for any of the developmental and behavioral endpoints. Collectively, these results indicate that PCBs increase body weight in both sexes, but their effects on anxiety-like behaviors are specific to males. Furthermore, differences between the results of A1221 and EB suggest that the PCBs are likely acting through mechanisms distinct from their estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Gillette
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Viktoria Y Topper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - David Crews
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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24
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Clark-Reyna SE, Grineski SE, Collins TW. Ambient Concentrations of Metabolic Disrupting Chemicals and Children's Academic Achievement in El Paso, Texas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13090874. [PMID: 27598179 PMCID: PMC5036707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about children’s weight have steadily risen alongside the manufacture and use of myriad chemicals in the US. One class of chemicals, known as metabolic disruptors, interfere with human endocrine and metabolic functioning and are of specific concern to children’s health and development. This article examines the effect of residential concentrations of metabolic disrupting chemicals on children’s school performance for the first time. Census tract-level ambient concentrations for known metabolic disruptors come from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment. Other measures were drawn from a survey of primary caretakers of 4th and 5th grade children in El Paso Independent School District (El Paso, TX, USA). A mediation model is employed to examine two hypothetical pathways through which the ambient level of metabolic disruptors at a child’s home might affect grade point average. Results indicate that concentrations of metabolic disruptors are statistically significantly associated with lower grade point averages directly and indirectly through body mass index. Findings from this study have practical implications for environmental justice research and chemical policy reform in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Clark-Reyna
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sara E Grineski
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
| | - Timothy W Collins
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
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Esteban S, Llamas PM, García-Cortés H, Catalá M. The endocrine disruptor nonylphenol induces sublethal toxicity in vascular plant development at environmental concentrations: A risk for riparian plants and irrigated crops? Environ Pollut 2016; 216:480-486. [PMID: 27312331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing concern among the scientific community about the presence of the so-called emergent pollutants in waters of different countries, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that have the ability to alter the hormonal system. One of the substances found almost ubiquitously and in higher concentrations is the alkylphenol nonylphenol. Albeit this compound is included in priority lists as a probable risk for human health and the environment, little is known about its effects on developing plants. The aim of this work is to assess the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of environmental concentrations of nonylphenol in riparian vascular plant development using spores of the fern Polystichum setiferum and a biomarker-based approach: mitochondrial activity (cell viability), chlorophyll (plant physiology) and DNA content (growth). Mitochondrial activity and DNA content show that nonylphenol induces acute and sub-chronic toxicity at 48 h and after 1 week, respectively. Significant effects are observed in both parameters in fern spores at ng L(-1) but chlorophyll autofluorescence shows little changes. The inhibition of germination by natural allelochemicals has been reported to be related with the active hydroxyl group of phenolic compounds and largely independent of the structural nucleus to which it is attached. Results presented in this study suggest that environmental concentrations of nonylphenol could interfere with higher plant germination development by mimicking natural allelochemicals and/or phytohormones acting as a "phytoendocrine disruptor" likely posing ecophysiological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Atenas s/n, E-28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P M Llamas
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
| | - H García-Cortés
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Breen M, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Bencic D, Breen MS, Watanabe KH, Lloyd AL, Conolly RB. Computational model of the fathead minnow hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: Incorporating protein synthesis in improving predictability of responses to endocrine active chemicals. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 183-184:36-45. [PMID: 26875912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is international concern about chemicals that alter endocrine system function in humans and/or wildlife and subsequently cause adverse effects. We previously developed a mechanistic computational model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in female fathead minnows exposed to a model aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole (FAD), to predict dose-response and time-course behaviors for apical reproductive endpoints. Initial efforts to develop a computational model describing adaptive responses to endocrine stress providing good fits to empirical plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) data in exposed fish were only partially successful, which suggests that additional regulatory biology processes need to be considered. In this study, we addressed short-comings of the previous model by incorporating additional details concerning CYP19A (aromatase) protein synthesis. Predictions based on the revised model were evaluated using plasma E2 concentrations and ovarian cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19A aromatase mRNA data from two fathead minnow time-course experiments with FAD, as well as from a third 4-day study. The extended model provides better fits to measured E2 time-course concentrations, and the model accurately predicts CYP19A mRNA fold changes and plasma E2 dose-response from the 4-d concentration-response study. This study suggests that aromatase protein synthesis is an important process in the biological system to model the effects of FAD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Breen
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - David Bencic
- Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Michael S Breen
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Karen H Watanabe
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road HRC3, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Alun L Lloyd
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Rory B Conolly
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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27
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Franssen D, Gérard A, Hennuy B, Donneau AF, Bourguignon JP, Parent AS. Delayed Neuroendocrine Sexual Maturation in Female Rats After a Very Low Dose of Bisphenol A Through Altered GABAergic Neurotransmission and Opposing Effects of a High Dose. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1740-50. [PMID: 26950200 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rat sexual maturation is preceded by a reduction of the interpulse interval (IPI) of GnRH neurosecretion. This work aims at studying disruption of that neuroendocrine event in females after early exposure to a very low dose of bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical. Female rats were exposed to vehicle or BPA 25 ng/kg·d, 25 μg/kg·d, or 5 mg/kg·d from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND5 or PND15. Exposure to 25 ng/kg·d of BPA for 5 or 15 days was followed by a delay in developmental reduction of GnRH IPI studied ex vivo on PND20. After 15 days of exposure to that low dose of BPA, vaginal opening tended to be delayed. In contrast, exposure to BPA 5 mg/kg·d for 15 days resulted in a premature reduction in GnRH IPI and a trend toward early vaginal opening. RNA sequencing analysis on PND20 indicated that exposure to BPA resulted in opposing dose effects on the mRNA expression of hypothalamic genes involved in gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) neurotransmission. The study of GnRH secretion in vitro in the presence of GABAA receptor agonist/antagonist confirmed an increased or a reduced GABAergic tone after in vivo exposure to the very low or the high dose of BPA, respectively. Overall, we show for the first time that neonatal exposure to BPA leads to opposing dose-dependent effects on the neuroendocrine control of puberty in the female rat. A very low and environmentally relevant dose of BPA delays neuroendocrine maturation related to puberty through increased inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Arlette Gérard
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Benoit Hennuy
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Donneau
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit (D.F., A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Neurosciences; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics Transcriptomic Platform (B.H.); and Department of Public Health (A.-F.D.), Biostatistics Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and Department of Pediatrics (A.G., J.-P.B., A.-S.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
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28
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Shirdel I, Kalbassi MR. Effects of nonylphenol on key hormonal balances and histopathology of the endangered Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 183-184:28-35. [PMID: 26811907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) potentially pose a hazard to endangered species. Evaluation of the sensitivity of these species to EDCs could be helpful for protecting their populations. So, the present study investigated the adverse effects of nonylphenol, an EDC, on the endocrine hormones and histopathology of male and female juvenile Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) following 21 days of exposure to nominal concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μg/l. The results showed that the HSI and plasma total calcium of male and female fishes exposed to 100 μg/l nonylphenol were significantly increased compared with the control groups (P<0.001). The male plasma T3 level was significantly decreased in 10 (P<0.01) and 100 (P<0.001) μg/l nonylphenol. The female T3 level increased in 1 μg/l nonylphenol concentration (P<0.05). The plasma T4 of males showed significant elevation in fishes exposed to 100 μg/l nonylphenol (P<0.05), but no change for females in any of treatment groups relative to controls (P>0.05). No significant effect of nonylphenol exposure was observed on male plasma TSH levels (P>0.05), whereas, in females, nonylphenol at all concentrations significantly reduced TSH levels. A bell-shaped response was observed in male and female plasma GH levels. Moreover, various histopathological lesions were observed in gill and intestine tissues of fishes exposed to different nonylphenol concentrations. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity of this endangered species to even environmentally relevant concentrations of nonylphenol. Furthermore, Caspian brown trout could be used as bioindicators reflecting the toxicity of nonylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shirdel
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
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Dohlman TM, Phillips PE, Madson DM, Clark CA, Gunn PJ. Effects of label-dose permethrin administration in yearling beef cattle: I. Bull reproductive function and testicular histopathology. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1534-1539. [PMID: 27020401 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid administration to a wide variety of laboratory animals has been shown to cause detrimental effects on male fertility, including sperm quality, by means of endocrine disruption. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of a commercial, permethrin-containing pour-on product on reproductive variables and testicular histopathology of yearling beef bulls. Black Angus bulls (n = 60; aged 369 ± 17 days; 511 ± 33 kg; 6.2 ± 0.5 body condition scores) were assigned to either (1) saline control (CON) or (2) permethrin pour-on administered at label dose (PYR). Blood samples were collected, and industry standard breeding soundness examinations (BSE), via electroejaculation, were performed on all bulls at 5 days before and 14 days after treatment. Progressive sperm motility and eosin-nigrosin-stained sperm were analyzed using high-power phase-contrast microscopy. Plasma testosterone concentrations were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Bulls were slaughtered at 34 days, and one testicle per bull was randomly collected for histologic examination. Change in sperm motility between BSEs was not different because of treatment; sperm morphology however improved across treatments, but PYR bulls had less improvement in percent of head (P < 0.001) sperm abnormalities compared to CON, resulting in less improvement of primary abnormalities (P = 0.04). Nonetheless, morphological differences did not change the overall outcome for satisfactory breeder status. Change in testosterone concentration did not differ because of treatment. Histopathologic examination identified that testicular degeneration and tubule diameter did not differ as a result of treatment. It should be noted, however, that degeneration score (higher score having more degeneration) was positively correlated with primary abnormalities (P < 0.01; r = 0.35) and negatively correlated with normal sperm cells (P < 0.001; r = -0.43). In summary, these data indicate that a single use of permethrin at label dose in yearling Angus bulls results in minimal detrimental effects on sperm morphology but not to a degree that impacts the ability of bulls to pass a standard BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Dohlman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick E Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Darin M Madson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher A Clark
- Armstrong Research and Demonstration Farm, Iowa State University, Lewis, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick J Gunn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
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Bell MR, Thompson LM, Rodriguez K, Gore AC. Two-hit exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls at gestational and juvenile life stages: 1. Sexually dimorphic effects on social and anxiety-like behaviors. Horm Behav 2016; 78:168-77. [PMID: 26592453 PMCID: PMC4718783 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread environmental contaminants that affect many neuroendocrine functions. The brain is particularly vulnerable to EDCs during critical periods of gestational development when gonadal hormones exert organizational effects on sexually dimorphic behaviors later in life. Peripubertal development is also a time of continued neural sensitivity to organizing effects of hormones, yet little is known about EDC actions at these times. We sought to determine effects of prenatal or juvenile exposures to a class of EDCs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at human-relevant dosages on development, physiology, and social and anxiety-related behaviors later in life, and the consequences of a second juvenile "hit" following prenatal treatment. We exposed male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to PCBs (Aroclor 1221, 1mg/kg/day, ip injection) and/or vehicle during prenatal development (embryonic days 16, 18, 20), juvenile development (postnatal days 24, 26, 28), or both. These exposures had differential effects on behaviors in sex and age-dependent ways; while prenatal exposure had more effects than juvenile, juvenile exposure often modified or unmasked the effects of the first hit. Additionally, females exhibited altered social and anxiety behavior in adolescence, while males displayed small but significant changes in sociosexual preferences in adulthood. Thus, the brain continues to be sensitive to organizing effects of EDCs through juvenile development. As humans are exposed to EDCs throughout multiple periods in their life, these findings have implications for our understanding of EDC effects on physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Bell
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Franklin College, Franklin, IN 46131, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Lam HM, Ho SM, Chen J, Medvedovic M, Tam NNC. Bisphenol A Disrupts HNF4α-Regulated Gene Networks Linking to Prostate Preneoplasia and Immune Disruption in Noble Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:207-19. [PMID: 26496021 PMCID: PMC4701889 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA) is widespread and continuous. The effects of protracted exposure to BPA on the adult prostate have not been studied. We subjected Noble rats to 32 weeks of BPA (low or high dose) or 17β-estradiol (E2) in conjunction with T replenishment. T treatment alone or untreated groups were used as controls. Circulating T levels were maintained within the physiological range in all treatment groups, whereas the levels of free BPA were elevated in the groups treated with T+low BPA (1.06 ± 0.05 ng/mL, P < .05) and T+high BPA (10.37 ± 0.43 ng/mL, P < .01) when compared with those in both controls (0.1 ± 0.05 ng/mL). Prostatic hyperplasia, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and marked infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the PIN epithelium (P < .05) were observed in the lateral prostates (LPs) of T+low/high BPA-treated rats. In contrast, only hyperplasia and high-grade PIN, but no aberrant immune responses, were found in the T+E2-treated LPs. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in LPs identified differential changes between T+BPA vs T+E2 treatment. Expression of multiple genes in the regulatory network controlled by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α was perturbed by the T+BPA but not by the T+E2 exposure. Collectively these findings suggest that the adult rat prostate, under a physiologically relevant T environment, is susceptible to BPA-induced transcriptomic reprogramming, immune disruption, and aberrant growth dysregulation in a manner distinct from those caused by E2. They are more relevant to our recent report of higher urinary levels BPA found in patients with prostate cancer than those with benign disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Environmental Health (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Center for Environmental Genetics (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Cincinnati Cancer Center (S.-M.H., M.M., N.N.C.T.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; and Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center (S.-M.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Center for Environmental Genetics (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Cincinnati Cancer Center (S.-M.H., M.M., N.N.C.T.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; and Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center (S.-M.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental Health (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Center for Environmental Genetics (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Cincinnati Cancer Center (S.-M.H., M.M., N.N.C.T.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; and Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center (S.-M.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Center for Environmental Genetics (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Cincinnati Cancer Center (S.-M.H., M.M., N.N.C.T.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; and Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center (S.-M.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Neville Ngai Chung Tam
- Department of Environmental Health (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Center for Environmental Genetics (H.-M.L., S.-M.H., J.C., M.M., N.N.C.T.), Cincinnati Cancer Center (S.-M.H., M.M., N.N.C.T.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; and Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center (S.-M.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
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Moon MK, Jeong IK, Jung Oh T, Ahn HY, Kim HH, Park YJ, Jang HC, Park KS. Long-term oral exposure to bisphenol A induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:35-42. [PMID: 25972359 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disruptor. Recent epidemiologic results have suggested an association between exposure to BPA and cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. We investigated the in vivo effects of long-term oral exposure to BPA on insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In the present study, 4- to 6-week-old male mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with 50 μg/kg body weight per day of BPA orally for 12 weeks. Long-term oral exposure to BPA along with an HFD for 12 weeks induced glucose intolerance in growing male mice. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests showed that the mice that received an HFD and BPA exhibited a significantly larger area under the curve than did those that received an HFD only (119.9±16.8 vs. 97.9±18.2 mM/min, P=0.027). Body weight, percentage of white adipose tissue, and percentage of body fat did not differ between the two groups of mice. However, treatment with BPA reduced Akt phosphorylation at position Thr308 and GSK3β phosphorylation at position Ser9 in skeletal muscle. BPA tended to decrease serum adiponectin levels and to increase serum interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α, although these findings were not statistically significant. Treatment with BPA did not induce any detrimental changes in the islet area or morphology or the insulin content of β cells. In conclusion, long-term oral exposure to BPA induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in growing mice. Decreased Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle by way of altered serum adipocytokine levels might be one mechanism by which BPA induces glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyong Jeong
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineChung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaClinical Research InstituteSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-74, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
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Geens T, Dirtu AC, Dirinck E, Malarvannan G, Van Gaal L, Jorens PG, Covaci A. Daily intake of bisphenol A and triclosan and their association with anthropometric data, thyroid hormones and weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. Environ Int 2015; 76:98-105. [PMID: 25575039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) were determined in urine of Belgian overweight and obese (n=151) and lean (n=43) individuals. After the first urine collection (0M), obese patients started a diet program or have undergone bariatric surgery. Hereafter, three additional urine samples from obese patients were collected after 3 (3M), 6 (6M) and 12 (12M) months. Both compounds were detected in >99% of the samples. BPA had median concentrations of 1.7 and 1.2ng/mL in obese and lean groups, respectively, while TCS had median concentrations of 1.5 and 0.9ng/mL in the obese and lean groups, respectively. The obese group had higher urinary concentrations (ng/mL) of BPA (p<0.5), while no significant differences were found for TCS between the obese and lean groups. No time trends between the different collection moments were observed. The BPA concentrations in the obese group were negatively associated with age, while no gender difference or relationship with body mass index was observed. For TCS, no relationships with gender, BMI, or age were found. The temporal variability of BPA and TCS was assessed with calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, and surrogate category analysis. We observed evidence that single spot urine samples might be predictive of exposure over a longer period of time. Dietary intakes of BPA and TCS did not differ significantly among the time points considered after obese individuals started losing weight (6 and 12months). Multiple linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and weight loss revealed negative associations between urinary TCS and serum FT4 in the 0M and 3M female obese individuals and positive associations between urinary BPA and serum TSH in the lean group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Geens
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alin C Dirtu
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2630 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2630 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe G Jorens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2630 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Papadopoulos V. Identification of hot spots of DNA methylation in the adult male adrenal in response to in utero exposure to the ubiquitous endocrine disruptor plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Endocrinology 2015; 156:124-33. [PMID: 25330100 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants during fetal development alters gene expression and promotes disease later in life. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer widely used for the manufacturing of consumer products. Exposure to DEHP has been associated with obesity, asthma, and low T levels. In utero exposure of pregnant dams to DEHP from gestational day 14 until birth resulted in reduced levels of serum T and aldosterone in the adult male offspring. Because DEHP is rapidly cleared from the body, the effects observed in the adult are likely epigenetic in origin. Under the same experimental conditions, we used reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing to assess changes in DNA methylation. We identified hot spots of DNA methylation changes primarily within CpG islands followed by shelf regions of the genome known to control regional gene expression. We also identified epigenomic areas responsive to exposure to environmental levels of DEHP and found the chromosomal region that houses genes controlling immune responsiveness to be a primary target of DEHP. These data suggest that DEHP phthalate exposure early in life induces epigenetic changes that may be linked to altered gene expression and function in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine (D.B.M.-A., V.P.) and Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4
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Maradonna F, Nozzi V, Dalla Valle L, Traversi I, Gioacchini G, Benato F, Colletti E, Gallo P, Di Marco Pisciottano I, Mita DG, Hardiman G, Mandich A, Carnevali O. A developmental hepatotoxicity study of dietary bisphenol A in Sparus aurata juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:1-13. [PMID: 24981242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in rats have indicated that a diet enriched with Bisphenol A adversely effects metabolism and reproductive success. In rats exposed to BPA by maternal gavage, alteration in the developmental programming, higher obesity rates and reproductive anomalies were induced. Starting with this evidence, the aim of this study was to provide important insights on the effects induced by a BPA enriched diet, on the reproductive physiology and metabolism of juvenile fish, simulating the scenario occurring when wild fish fed on prey contaminated with environmental BPA. Seabream was chosen as model, as it is one of the primary commercial species valued by consumers and these results could provide important findings on adverse effects that could be passed on to humans by eating contaminated fish. A novel method for measuring BPA in the food and water by affinity chromatography was developed. Analysis of signals involved in reproduction uncovered altered levels of vtg and Zp, clearly indicating the estrogenic effect of BPA. Similarly, BPA up-regulated catd and era gene expression. A noteworthy outcome from this study was the full length cloning of two vtg encoding proteins, namely vtgA and vtgB, which are differently modulated by BPA. Cyp1a1 and EROD activity were significantly downregulated, confirming the ability of estrogenic compounds to inhibit the detoxification process. GST activity was unaffected by BPA contamination, while CAT activity was down regulated. These results collectively confirm the estrogenic effect of BPA and provide additional characterization of novel vtg genes in Sparus aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Nozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Traversi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Benato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Colletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | | | - Damiano G Mita
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Computational Science Research Center Biomedical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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Bello UM, Madekurozwa MC, Groenewald HB, Aire TA, Arukwe A. The effects on steroidogenesis and histopathology of adult male Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) testis following pre-pubertal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:24-33. [PMID: 24983780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of 30-day dietary (pre-pubertal) exposure to different doses (0 (control), 1, 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight/day) of di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) on Leydig cells of adult male Japanese quails by quantifying the transcript levels for P450 side-chain cleavage (p450scc), P450c17 (CYP17), and 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd) using quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, the plasma testosterone levels were analysed using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and testis was examined for evidence of gross pathology and histopathology. Our data showed that pre-pubertal exposure to DBP produced alterations in testicular architecture as evident by poorly developed or mis-shaped testis, and altered spermatogenesis due to tubular degeneration and atrophy of seminiferous tubules especially in the high DBP dose (200 and 400 mg/kg) treated groups. In addition, DBP altered several key enzymes involved in testicular steroidogenesis pathways in an apparent dose-dependent manner. For example, biphasic effects of DBP were observed for P450scc and 3β-hsd mRNA, that were generally increasing at low dose 10 mg/kg, and thereafter, an apparent dose-dependent decrease between 50 and 400mg/kg. The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein was at the lowest detectable limits and therefore not quantifiable. These effects did not parallel the non-significant changes observed for plasma testosterone levels. The present data is consistent with previous reports showing that DBP modulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis in several species, with a potential negative effect on reproduction in those avian species that are vulnerable to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M Bello
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mary-Catherine Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Herman B Groenewald
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Tom A Aire
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St George's, Grenada
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Morthorst JE, Holbech H, Jeppesen M, Kinnberg KL, Pedersen KL, Bjerregaard P. Evaluation of yolk protein levels as estrogenic biomarker in bivalves; comparison of the alkali-labile phosphate method (ALP) and a species-specific immunoassay (ELISA). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:88-95. [PMID: 25066673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Altered concentration of the vertebrate yolk protein precursor vitellogenin is a recognized biomarker for endocrine disruption in fish, and within recent years yolk protein alteration has also been associated with endocrine disruption in bivalves. Species-specific, direct and sensitive methods for quantification of vitellogenin in fish have been available for years whereas bivalve yolk protein levels have been estimated indirectly by alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) liberated from high molecular weight proteins because the sequence and biochemical structure of most bivalve yolk proteins are unknown. By applying a species-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for accurate determination of yolk protein level the impact of 17β-estradiol (57, 164 and 512 ng/L) on the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus was investigated and compared with ALP estimations. Seven weeks of exposure during the pre-spawning and spawning period had no consistent effect on yolk protein concentration in hemolymph, and ALP levels in hemolymph also remained unchanged in both males and females. Further, basal male and female ALP levels were indistinguishable whereas the ELISA demonstrated that yolk protein levels of females exceeded male levels at the time of sampling, although male basal levels were high compared to fish. Altogether it is shown that individual ALP levels do not reflect yolk protein levels and hence hemolymph ALP levels cannot serve as biomarker for estrogenic exposure during the pre-spawning and spawning period in U. tumidus. The necessity of sensitive and validated biomarkers for reliable interpretation of data and the utility of ALP and yolk protein levels as biomarkers in bivalves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Morten Jeppesen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Karin L Kinnberg
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Knud L Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Kim S, Jung D, Kho Y, Choi K. Effects of benzophenone-3 exposure on endocrine disruption and reproduction of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)--a two generation exposure study. Aquat Toxicol 2014; 155:244-52. [PMID: 25064457 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has been widely used in sunscreens and cosmetics to protect human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation. While BP-3 has been frequently detected in surface waters, sediments and biota, only limited information is available on its in vivo toxicity, particularly in fish. In the present study the endocrine disrupting capacity of BP-3 and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Adult Japanese medaka pairs (F0) were exposed to 0, 4.7, 8.4, 26, or 90 μg/L (or 0, 15, 50, 150, or 500 μg/L of BP-3 based on nominal concentration) for 14 d and its effects on sex steroid hormones, and transcription of various associated genes were determined. Following additional 14 d of exposure, the F1 eggs reproduced were counted and were further exposed to 0, 5.4, 12, or 30 μg/L of BP-3 (or 0, 15, 50, or 150 μg/L based on nominal concentrations) until 30 d after hatching. Chemical analysis of the exposed media confirmed transformation of BP-3 to benzophenone-1 (BP-1), a more potent estrogen agonist. After 14 d of the adult fish exposure, plasma concentrations of testosterone (T) significantly increased in male fish. The 17β-estradiol (E2) to T (E2/T) ratio showed significant decreases in both male and female fish. Overall down-regulation of gonadal steroidogenic genes such as star, cyp11a, cyp17, hsd3b, hsd17b3, and cyp19a was also observed. After 28 d of exposure, the daily average egg reproduction per female was significantly reduced at 26 μg/L of BP-3. However, hatchability of F1 eggs was not affected by continuous exposure. After continued exposure until 30 dph, juvenile fish showed concentration-dependent decrease of condition factor, but mortality was not affected. Our observation clearly indicates that endocrine balance and reproduction performance in fish could be affected by μg/L level exposure to BP-3. Consequences of longer term exposure over multi-generations warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam 461-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Wei J, Sun X, Chen Y, Li Y, Song L, Zhou Z, Xu B, Lin Y, Xu S. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype in male rat offspring fed on a high-fat diet. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:313-25. [PMID: 25112833 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, which is present ubiquitously in daily life. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to BPA contributes to metabolic syndrome. In this study, we examined whether perinatal exposure to BPA predisposed offspring to fatty liver disease: the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were exposed to 50 μg/kg per day BPA or corn oil throughout gestation and lactation by oral gavage. Offspring were fed a standard chow diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning. Effects of BPA were assessed by examination of hepatic morphology, biochemical analysis, and the hepatic expression of genes and/or proteins involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, insulin signaling, inflammation, and fibrosis. On a SD, the offspring of rats exposed to BPA exhibited moderate hepatic steatosis and altered expression of insulin signaling elements in the liver, but with normal liver function. On a HFD, the offspring of rats exposed to BPA showed a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype, characterized by extensive accumulation of lipids, large lipid droplets, profound ballooning degeneration, impaired liver function, increased inflammation, and even mild fibrosis in the liver. Perinatal exposure to BPA worsened the hepatic damage caused by the HFD in the rat offspring. The additive effects of BPA correlated with higher levels of hepatic oxidative stress. Collectively, exposure to BPA may be a new risk factor for the development of fatty liver disease and further studies should assess whether this finding is also relevant to the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthDepartment of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesMedical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Vandenberg LN, Welshons WV, vom Saal FS, Toutain PL, Myers JP. Should oral gavage be abandoned in toxicity testing of endocrine disruptors? Environ Health 2014; 13:46. [PMID: 24961440 PMCID: PMC4069342 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For decades, hazard assessments for environmental chemicals have used intra-gastric gavage to assess the effects of 'oral' exposures. It is now widely used--and in some cases required--by US federal agencies to assess potential toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review we enumerate several reasons why gavage is not appropriate for the assessment of EDCs using bisphenol A (BPA) as a main example. First, whereas human dietary exposures interact with the oral mucosa, gavage exposures avoid these interactions, leading to dramatic differences in absorption, bioavailability and metabolism with implications for toxicokinetic assumptions and models. Additionally, there are well acknowledged complications associated with gavage, such as perforation of the esophagus that diminish its value in toxicological experiments. Finally, the gavage protocol itself can induce stress responses by the endocrine system and confound the assessment of EDCs. These serious flaws have not been taken into account in interpreting results of EDC research. We propose the exploration of alternatives to mimic human exposures when there are multiple exposure routes/sources and when exposures are chronic. We conclude that gavage may be preferred over other routes for some environmental chemicals in some circumstances, but it does not appropriately model human dietary exposures for many chemicals. Because it avoids exposure pathways, is stressful, and thus interferes with endocrine responses, gavage should be abandoned as the default route of administration for hazard assessments of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, School of Public Health, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Wade V Welshons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frederick S vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, UPS, UMR1331, F- 31062 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Campioli E, Lienhart C, Fan J, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces long-term changes in gene expression in the adult male adrenal gland. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1667-78. [PMID: 24564399 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used to add flexibility to polyvinylchloride polymers and as a component of numerous consumer and medical products. DEHP and its metabolites have been detected in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood, suggesting fetal exposure. In the present study, we used an in utero exposure model in which pregnant rat dams were exposed to 1- to 300-mg DEHP/kg·d from gestational day 14 until birth. We previously reported that this window of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of DEHP resulted in reduced levels of serum testosterone and aldosterone in adult male offspring and that the effects on aldosterone were sustained in elderly rats and resulted in decreased blood pressure. Here, we characterized the long-term effects of in utero DEHP exposure by performing global gene expression analysis of prepubertal (postnatal d 21) and adult (postnatal d 60) adrenal glands. We found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and lipid metabolism pathways were affected by DEHP exposure. Expression of 2 other DEHP targets, hormone-sensitive lipase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1), correlated with reduced aldosterone levels and may account for the inhibitory effect of DEHP on adrenal steroid formation. The angiotensin II and potassium pathways were up-regulated in response to DEHP. In addition, the potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel Kcnn2 and 2-pore-domain potassium channel Knck5 were identified as DEHP targets. Based on this gene expression analysis, we measured fatty acid-binding protein 4 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in sera from control and DEHP-exposed rats and identified both proteins as putative serum biomarkers of in utero DEHP exposure. These results shed light on molecular targets that mediate DEHP long-term effects and, in doing so, provide means by which to assess past DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (M.C.); Departments of Medicine (D.B.M.-A., E.C., C.L., J.F., M.C., V.P.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.B.M.-A., E.C., C.L., J.F., M.C., V.P.), and Biochemistry (V.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.R.Z.), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Regnier SM, Sargis RM. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1842:520-33. [PMID: 23735214 PMCID: PMC3823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity epidemic has placed enormous strains on individual and societal health mandating a careful search for pathogenic factors, including the contributions made by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition to evidence that some exogenous chemicals have the capacity to modulate classical hormonal signaling axes, there is mounting evidence that several EDCs can also disrupt metabolic pathways and alter energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue appears to be a particularly important target of these metabolic disruptions. A diverse array of compounds has been shown to alter adipocyte differentiation, and several EDCs have been shown to modulate adipocyte physiology, including adipocytic insulin action and adipokine secretion. This rapidly emerging evidence demonstrating that environmental contaminants alter adipocyte function emphasizes the potential role that disruption of adipose physiology by EDCs may play in the global epidemic of metabolic disease. Further work is required to better characterize the molecular targets responsible for mediating the effects of EDCs on adipose tissue. Improved understanding of the precise signaling pathways altered by exposure to environmental contaminants will enhance our understanding of which chemicals pose a threat to metabolic health and how those compounds synergize with lifestyle factors to promote obesity and its associated complications. This knowledge may also improve our capacity to predict which synthetic compounds may alter energy homeostasis before they are released into the environment while also providing critical evidentiary support for efforts to restrict the production and use of chemicals that pose the greatest threat to human metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Guerra MT, Silva RF, Luchiari HR, Sanabria M, Kempinas WDG. Perinatal androgenic exposure and reproductive health effects female rat offspring. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77:375-389. [PMID: 24617542 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.874881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) have been associated with adverse effects on reproductive processes. These chemicals may mimic or antagonize endogenous hormones, disrupting reproductive functions. Although preliminary studies focused on environmental estrogens, the presence of compounds with androgenic activity has also been described. This study examines exposure of female pregnant and lactating rats to low doses of androgens and assesses potential effects on female offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to testosterone propionate (TP) at doses of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg or corn oil (vehicle), subcutaneously, to determine influence on reproductive health of female offspring. There were two exposure groups: (1) rats treated from gestational day (GD) 12 until GD 20; and (2) animals treated from GD 12 until the end of lactation. Perinatal exposure to TP produced increased anogenital distance after birth and diminished height of uterine glandular epithelium at puberty in animals exposed to 0.2 mg/kg. However, these alterations were not sufficient to impair sexual differentiation and normal physiology of the female rat reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T Guerra
- a Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology , Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
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Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that can severely disrupt the endocrine system. In the present study, early-weaned male rats were administered a single dose of 2,3,6-2',5'-pentachlorinated biphenyl (PCB 95; 32 mg/kg per day, by i.p. injection) for two consecutive days (postnatal days (PNDs) 15 and 16) and killed 24 and 48 h after the administration of the last dose. Compared with the control group, administration of PCB 95 induced a reduction (P<0.01) in serum concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and GH and an increase (P<0.01) in the serum concentration of TSH at PNDs 17 and 18. These conspicuous perturbations led to some histopathological deterioration in the thyroid gland characterized by follicular degeneration, edema, fibrosis, hemorrhage, luminal obliteration, and hypertrophy with reduced colloidal contents at PND 18. The dyshormonogenesis and thyroid dysgenesis may be attributed to the elevation of DNA fragmentation at PNDs 17 and 18. Furthermore, this hypothyroid state revealed higher (P<0.01) serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor and lower (P<0.01) serum concentrations of IGF1 and insulin at both PNDs compared with the control group. Interestingly, the body weight of the neonates in the PCB 95 group exhibited severe decreases throughout the experimental period in relation to that of the control group. These results imply that PCB 95 may act as a disruptor of the developmental hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Hypothyroidism caused by PCB 95 may impair the adipokine axis, fat metabolism, and in general postnatal development. Thus, further studies need to be carried out to understand this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, PO 62514, Egypt
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Hung CH, Yang SN, Wang YF, Liao WT, Kuo PL, Tsai EM, Lee CL, Chao YS, Yu HS, Huang SK, Suen JL. Environmental alkylphenols modulate cytokine expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73534. [PMID: 24039973 PMCID: PMC3770601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (4-OP), have the potential to disturb immune system due to their weak estrogen-like activity, an effect with potential serious public health impact due to the worldwide distribution of these substances. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) can secrete large amounts of type I IFNs and are critical in immune regulation. However, there has been limited study about the influence of alkylphenols on the function of pDCs. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alkylphenols on pDC functions in vitro and in vivo and then further explored the involved signaling pathways and epigenetic changes. Methods Circulating pDCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with alkylphenols with or without CpG stimulation. Alkylphenol-associated cytokine responses, signaling events, histone modifications and viral activity were further examined. In NP-exposed mice, the effect of NP on splenic pDC function and allergic lung inflammation were also assessed. Results The results showed that NP increased the expression of TNF-α, but suppressed IL-10 production in the range of physiological doses, concomitant with activation of the MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathway and enhanced levels of acetylated histone 3 as well as histone 4 at the TNFA gene locus. Further, in CpG-stimulated pDCs, NP suppressed type I IFNs production, associated with down-regulation of IRF-7 and MKK1/2-ERK-Elk-1 pathways and led to the impaired anti-enterovirus 71 activity in vitro. Additionally, splenic pDCs from NP-exposed mice showed similar cytokine changes upon CpG stimulation under conditions relevant to route and level of exposure in humans. NP treatment also enhanced allergic lung inflammation in vivo. Conclusion Alkylphenols may influence pDCs’ functions via their abilities to induce expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and to suppress regulatory cytokines, including IL-10, IFN-α and IFN-β, suggesting the potential impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence For Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Departments of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Center of Excellence For Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence For Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Chao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Center of Excellence For Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence For Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Moody S, Goh H, Bielanowicz A, Rippon P, Loveland KL, Itman C. Prepubertal mouse testis growth and maturation and androgen production are acutely sensitive to di-n-butyl phthalate. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3460-75. [PMID: 23766129 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are plasticizers with widespread industrial, domestic, and medical applications. Epidemiological data indicating increased incidence of testicular dysgenesis in boys exposed to phthalates in utero are reinforced by studies demonstrating that phthalates impair fetal rodent testis development. Because humans are exposed to phthalates continuously from gestation through adulthood, it is imperative to understand what threat phthalates pose at other life stages. To determine the impact during prepuberty, we assessed the consequences of oral administration of 1 to 500 mg di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)/kg/d in corn oil to wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice from 4 to 14 days of age. Dose-dependent effects on testis growth correlated with reduced Sertoli cell proliferation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses identified delayed spermatogenesis and impaired Sertoli cell maturation after exposure to 10 to 500 mg DBP/kg/d. Interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was indicated in mice fed 500 mg DBP/kg/d, which had elevated circulating inhibin but no change in serum FSH. Increased immunohistochemical staining for inhibin-α was apparent at doses of 10 to 500 mg DBP/kg/d. Serum testosterone and testicular androgen activity were lower in the 500 mg DBP/kg/d group; however, reduced anogenital distance in all DBP-treated mice suggested impaired androgen action at earlier time points. Long-term effects were evident, with smaller anogenital distance and indications of disrupted spermatogenesis in adult mice exposed prepubertally to doses from 1 mg DBP/kg/d. These data demonstrate the acute sensitivity of the prepubertal mouse testis to DBP at doses 50- to 500-fold lower than those used in rat and identify the upregulation of inhibin as a potential mechanism of DBP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Department of Anatomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial contaminants and known endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Previous work has shown that gestational exposure to PCBs cause changes in reproductive neuroendocrine processes. Here we extended work farther down the life spectrum and tested the hypothesis that early life exposure to Aroclor 1221 (A1221), a mixture of primarily estrogenic PCBs, results in sexually dimorphic aging-associated alterations to reproductive parameters in rats, and gene expression changes in hypothalamic nuclei that regulate reproductive function. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were injected on gestational days 16 and 18 with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide), A1221 (1 mg/kg), or estradiol benzoate (50 μg/kg). Developmental parameters, estrous cyclicity (females), and timing of reproductive senescence were monitored in the offspring through 9 months of age. Expression of 48 genes was measured in 3 hypothalamic nuclei: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and median eminence (females only) by real-time RT-PCR. Serum LH, testosterone, and estradiol were assayed in the same animals. In males, A1221 had no effects; however, prenatal estradiol benzoate increased serum estradiol, gene expression in the AVPV (1 gene), and ARC (2 genes) compared with controls. In females, estrous cycles were longer in the A1221-exposed females throughout the life cycle. Gene expression was not affected in the AVPV, but significant changes were caused by A1221 in the ARC and median eminence as a function of cycling status. Bionetwork analysis demonstrated fundamental differences in physiology and gene expression between cycling and acyclic females independent of treatment. Thus, gestational exposure to biologically relevant levels of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals has sexually dimorphic effects, with an altered transition to reproductive aging in female rats but relatively little effect in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena M Walker
- The University of Texas at Austin, The Institute for Neuroscience, 1 University Station, C0875, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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48
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Reed CE, Fenton SE. Exposure to diethylstilbestrol during sensitive life stages: a legacy of heritable health effects. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2013; 99:134-46. [PMID: 23897597 PMCID: PMC3817964 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a potent estrogen mimic that was predominantly used from the 1940s to the 1970s by pregnant women in hopes of preventing miscarriage. Decades later, DES is known to enhance breast cancer risk in exposed women and cause a variety of birth-related adverse outcomes in their daughters such as spontaneous abortion, second trimester pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Additionally, children exposed to DES in utero suffer from sub/infertility and cancer of reproductive tissues. DES is a pinnacle compound that demonstrates the fetal basis of adult disease. The mechanisms of cancer and endocrine disruption induced by DES are not fully understood. Future studies should focus on common target tissue pathways affected and the health of the DES grandchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E. Reed
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratories Branch, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratories Branch, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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49
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Frizzell C, Ndossi D, Kalayou S, Eriksen GS, Verhaegen S, Sørlie M, Elliott CT, Ropstad E, Connolly L. An in vitro investigation of endocrine disrupting effects of the mycotoxin alternariol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:64-71. [PMID: 23665424 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin commonly produced by Alternaria alternata on a wide range of foods. Few studies to date have been performed to evaluate the effects of AOH on endocrine activity. The present study makes use of in vitro mammalian cellular based assays and gene expression to investigate the ability of AOH to act as an endocrine disruptor by various modes of action. Reporter gene assays (RGAs), incorporating natural steroid hormone receptors for oestrogens, androgens, progestagens and glucocorticoids were used to identify endocrine disruption at the level of nuclear receptor transcriptional activity, and the H295R steroidogenesis assay was used to assess endocrine disruption at the level of gene expression and steroid hormone production. AOH exhibited a weak oestrogenic response when tested in the oestrogen responsive RGA and binding of progesterone to the progestagen receptor was shown to be synergistically increased in the presence of AOH. H295R cells when exposed to 0.1-1000ng/ml AOH, did not cause a significant change in testosterone and cortisol hormones but exposure to 1000ng/ml (3.87μM) AOH resulted in a significant increase in estradiol and progesterone production. In the gene expression study following exposure to 1000ng/ml (3.87μM) AOH, only one gene NR0B1 was down-regulated, whereas expression of mRNA for CYP1A1, MC2R, HSD3B2, CYP17, CYP21, CYP11B2 and CYP19 was up-regulated. Expression of the other genes investigated did not change significantly. In conclusion AOH is a weak oestrogenic mycotoxin that also has the ability to interfere with the steroidogenesis pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endocrine Disruptors/administration & dosage
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Glucocorticoids/metabolism
- Humans
- Lactones/administration & dosage
- Lactones/toxicity
- Progestins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Frizzell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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50
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Jin Y, Wang L, Fu Z. Oral exposure to atrazine modulates hormone synthesis and the transcription of steroidogenic genes in male peripubertal mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 184:120-7. [PMID: 23376530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used herbicide and is considered an endocrine disruptor of different organisms. However, the molecular interactions of ATZ with biological targets in mammalian endocrine systems are not understood fully. In the present study, we observed that ATZ administration (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks to peripubertal male ICR mice exerted adverse effects on several physiological features; these effects included a significant decrease in the body and liver weights and an increase in the relative testis weight. In addition, the serum testosterone (T) concentration was significantly decreased in all ATZ-treated mice, and the serum estradiol (E2) concentration and aromatase activity were significantly increased in mice exposed to 100 and 200 mg/kg ATZ. These results suggest that ATZ exposure affected hormone homeostasis in male mice. We also found that the transcript levels of the steroidogenic enzyme genes p450scc, p450 17α1 and 17β-HSD were significantly reduced in the testes of mice exposed to 100 and 200 mg/kg ATZ for 3weeks. Given the results of the present study and previous reports, it is possible that ATZ reduces the T concentration in peripubertal male mice by affecting the transcription of steroidogenic genes, such as p450scc, p450 17a1 and 17β-HSD. This study provides new insights into the mammalian toxicological mechanism of ATZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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