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Chavhan R, Wanjari A, Kumar S, Acharya S, Rathod N, Reddy H, Gemnani R. A Comprehensive Review on Navigating the Neurological Landscape of COVID-19: Insights Into Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e60079. [PMID: 38860093 PMCID: PMC11163389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global health crisis with significant neurological implications. While initially characterized by respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 has been increasingly recognized for its diverse neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, stroke, peripheral neuropathies, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding the neurological landscape of COVID-19 is essential for elucidating its pathophysiology, optimizing clinical management, and improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive review provides insights into the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and prognostic implications of neurological involvement in COVID-19. Mechanistic insights highlight the multifactorial nature of neurological complications involving direct viral invasion, immune-mediated mechanisms, and thrombotic events. Diagnostic challenges underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, while management strategies emphasize early recognition and appropriate intervention. Long-term neurological sequelae and prognostic factors are also examined, emphasizing the need for comprehensive follow-up and rehabilitation services. Finally, recommendations for future research prioritize efforts to elucidate underlying mechanisms, identify biomarkers, and evaluate rehabilitative interventions. By addressing these challenges, we can better understand and mitigate the neurological consequences of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Chavhan
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anil Wanjari
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nishant Rathod
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshitha Reddy
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rinkle Gemnani
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institiute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Kandula UR, Wake AD. Effectiveness of RCTs Pooling Evidence on Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapeutic Applications During COVID-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review. Biologics 2023; 17:85-112. [PMID: 37223116 PMCID: PMC10202141 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s404421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Global pandemic identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a variety of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic carriers to those with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and moderate upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS). This systematic review aimed to determine effectiveness of stem cell (SC) applications among COVID-19 patients. Methods Multiple databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used. Studies were screened, chosen, and included in this systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 flowchart diagram and PRISMA checklist. Included studies' quality was assessed employing Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) quality evaluation criteria for 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results Fourteen RCTs were performed between the years of 2020 to 2022, respectively, with a sample size n = 574 (treatment group (n = 318); control group (n = 256)) in multiple countries of Indonesia, Iran, Brazil, Turkey, China, Florida, UK, and France. The greatest sample size reported from China among 100 COVID-19 patients, while the lowest sample of 9 COVID-19 patients from Jakarta, Indonesia, and the patient's age ranges from 18 to 69 years. Studies applied to the type of SC were "Umbilical cord MSCs, MSCs secretome, MSCs, Placenta-derived MSCs, Human immature dental pulp SC, DW-MSC infusion, Wharton Jelly-derived MSCs". The injected therapeutic dose was 1 × 106 cells/kg, 1 × 107 cells/kg, 1 × 105 cells/kg, and 1 million cells/kg as per the evidence from the different studies. Studies focused on demographic variables, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, Comorbidities, respiratory measures, concomitant therapies, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, mechanical ventilation, body mass index, adverse events, inflammatory markers, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were all recorded as study characteristics. Conclusion Clinical evidence on MSC's therapeutic applications during COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a promising therapy for COVID-19 patient recovery with no consequences and applied as a routine treatment for challenging ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani Kandula
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Dabi Wake
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Alebna PL, Shahid MA, Brannan T, Shen T, Marian V. Acute encephalomyelitis in a 52-year-old male post messenger ribonucleic acid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:202. [PMID: 37143149 PMCID: PMC10159673 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a well-known, but rare, side effect of some vaccines, or symptom following a febrile illness. CASE A 69-year-old, otherwise healthy Hispanic male presented with acute fever, confusion, and later progressive weakness after receiving the first dose of the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. Considering the progressive deterioration of the patient, despite being on multiple immunosuppressive agents, a brain biopsy was obtained, which revealed nonspecific meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION In this case, we highlight the need for a regulatory framework to assist clinicians and patients with coverage of treatment for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in conjunction with glucocorticoids seems to be an effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lamisi Alebna
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health Jersey City Medical Center, 355 Grand Street, Jersey City, NJ, 07302, USA.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Shahid
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health Jersey City Medical Center, 355 Grand Street, Jersey City, NJ, 07302, USA
| | - Timothy Brannan
- Neurology, Rutgers/Robert Wood, Johnson Barnabas Health Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, USA
| | - Ting Shen
- Pathology, Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, USA
| | - Valentin Marian
- Rheumatology, Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, USA
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Delgado AC, Cornett B, Choi YJ, Colosimo C, Stahel VP, Dziadkowiec O, Stahel PF. Investigational medications in 9,638 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: lessons from the "fail-and-learn" strategy during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020. Patient Saf Surg 2023; 17:7. [PMID: 37041643 PMCID: PMC10088131 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-023-00358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early surge of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced a significant clinical challenge due to the high case-fatality rate in absence of evidence-based recommendations. The empirical treatment modalities were relegated to historical expertise from the traditional management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in conjunction with off-label pharmaceutical agents endorsed under the "emergency use authorization" (EUA) paradigm by regulatory agencies. This study was designed to evaluate the insights from the "fail-and-learn" strategy in 2020 before the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and access to reliable insights from high-quality randomized controlled trials. METHODS A retrospective, multicenter, propensity-matched, case-control study was performed on a data registry comprising 186 hospitals from a national health care system in the United States, designed to investigate the efficacy of empirical treatment modalities during the early surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Reflective of the time-windows of the initial two surges of the pandemic in 2020, patients were stratified into "Early 2020" (March 1-June 30) versus "Late 2020" (July 1-December 31) study cohorts. Logistic regression was applied to determine the efficacy of prevalent medications (remdesivir, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, tocilizumab) and supplemental oxygen delivery modalities (invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation) on patient outcomes. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Group comparisons were adjusted for covariates related to age, gender, ethnicity, body weight, comorbidities, and treatment modalities pertinent to organ failure replacement. RESULTS From a total of 87,788 patients in the multicenter data registry screened in this study, 9,638 patients were included who received 19,763 COVID-19 medications during the first two waves of the 2020 pandemic. The results showed a minimal, yet statistically significant, association with hydroxychloroquine in "Early 2020" and remdesivir in "Late 2020" with reduced odds of mortality (odds ratios 0.72 and 0.76, respectively; P = 0.01). Azithromycin was the only medication associated with decreased odds of mortality during both study time-windows (odds ratios 0.79 and 0.68, respectively; P < 0.01). In contrast, the necessity for oxygen supply showed significantly increased odds of mortality beyond the effect of all investigated medications. Of all the covariates associated with increased mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation had the highest odds ratios of 8.34 in the first surge and 9.46 in in the second surge of the pandemic (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This retrospective multicenter observational cohort study on 9,638 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 during revealed that the necessity for invasive ventilation had the highest odds of mortality, beyond the variable effects observed by administration of the prevalent EUA-approved investigational drugs during the first two surges of the early 2020 pandemic in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Delgado
- Department of Surgery, Sky Ridge Medical Center, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Brendon Cornett
- Graduate Medical Education, HCA Healthcare Continental Division, Denver, CO, 80237, USA
| | - Ye Ji Choi
- Graduate Medical Education, HCA Healthcare Continental Division, Denver, CO, 80237, USA
| | - Christina Colosimo
- Department of Surgery, Sky Ridge Medical Center, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | | | - Oliwier Dziadkowiec
- Graduate Medical Education, HCA Healthcare Continental Division, Denver, CO, 80237, USA
| | - Philip F Stahel
- Mission Health, HCA Healthcare North Carolina Division, Asheville, NC, 28803, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, 80134, USA.
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5
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Ye J, Shao X, Yang Y, Zhu F. Predicting the negative conversion time of nonsevere COVID-19 patients using machine learning methods. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28747. [PMID: 37185847 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the patient's clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators, different machine-learning methods were used to develop models for predicting the negative conversion time of nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on 376 nonsevere COVID-19 patients admitted to Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital from May 2, 2022, to May 14, 2022. The patients were divided into training set (n = 309) and test set (n = 67). The clinical features and laboratory parameters of the patients were collected. In the training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select predictive features and train six machine learning models: multiple linear regression (MLR), K-Nearest Neighbors Regression (KNNR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine regression (SVR), XGBoost regression (XGBR), and multilayer perceptron regression (MLPR). Seven best predictive features selected by LASSO included: age, gender, vaccination status, IgG, lymphocyte ratio, monocyte ratio, and lymphocyte count. The predictive performance of the models in the test set was MLPR > SVR > MLR > KNNR > XGBR > RFR, and MLPR had the strongest generalization performance, which is significantly better than SVR and MLR. In the MLPR model, vaccination status, IgG, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte ratio were protective factors for negative conversion time; male gender, age, and monocyte ratio were risk factors. The top three features with the highest weights were vaccination status, gender, and IgG. Machine learning methods (especially MLPR) can effectively predict the negative conversion time of non-severe COVID-19 patients. It can help to rationally allocate limited medical resources and prevent disease transmission, especially during the Omicron pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Soochow University, Changzhou Clinical Medical Center, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Tseke P, Griveas I. IMMUNOADSORPTION AND COVID 19 PANDEMIC. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103599. [PMID: 36372733 PMCID: PMC9624060 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zheng X, Sheng W, Liang H, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Dong X, Li W, Pei F, Ding L, Chang Z, Deng L, Yuan G, Yang Z, Zhu D, Yang X, Wang H. Alum/CpG Adjuvanted Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine with Protective Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081208. [PMID: 36016098 PMCID: PMC9413105 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, including five variants of concern (VOC) strains listed by the WHO: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Extensive studies have shown that most of these VOC strains, especially the currently dominant variant Omicron, can escape the host immune response induced by existing COVID-19 vaccines to different extents, which poses considerable risk to the health of human beings around the world. In the present study, we developed a vaccine based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and an adjuvant consisting of aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine were investigated in rats. The candidate vaccine elicited high titers of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in immunized rats, which not only neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2, but also showed great cross-neutralization activity against the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Hongyang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yadan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weidong Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Fei Pei
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ling Ding
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhen Chang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhaona Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Di Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
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Fluck D, Rankin S, Lewis A, Robin J, Rees J, Finch J, Jones Y, Jones G, Kelly K, Murray P, Wood M, Fry CH, Han TS. Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during wave 1 and wave 2 of the current pandemic. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:675-684. [PMID: 34637079 PMCID: PMC8505475 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study of patients admitted with COVID-19, we examined differences between the two waves in patient characteristics and outcomes. Data were collected from the first COVID-19 admission to the end of study (01/03/2020-31/03/2021). Data were adjusted for age and sex and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 12,471 admissions, 1452 (11.6%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. On admission, the mean (± SD) age of patients with other causes was 68.3 years (± 19.8) and those with COVID-19 in wave 1 was 69.4 years (± 18.0) and wave 2 was 66.2 years (± 18.4). Corresponding ages at discharge were 67.5 years (± 19.7), 63.9 years (± 18.0) and 62.4 years (± 18.0). The highest proportion of total admissions was among the oldest group (≥ 80 years) in wave 1 (35.0%). When compared with patients admitted with other causes, those admitted with COVID-19 in wave 1 and in wave 2 were more frequent in the 40-59 year band: 20.8, 24.6 and 30.0%; consisted of more male patients: 47.5, 57.6 and 58.8%; and a high LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity and Emergency department visits) index (score ≥ 10): 39.4, 61.3 and 50.3%. Compared to wave-2 patients, those admitted in wave 1 had greater risk of death in hospital: OR = 1.58 (1.18-2.12) and within 30 days of discharge: OR = 2.91 (1.40-6.04). Survivors of COVID-19 in wave 1 stayed longer in hospital (median = 6.5 days; interquartile range = 2.9-12.0) as compared to survivors from wave 2 (4.5 days; interquartile range = 1.9-8.7). Patient characteristics differed significantly between the two waves of COVID-19 pandemic. There was an improvement in outcomes in wave 2, including shorter length of stay in hospital and reduction of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fluck
- Department of Cardiology, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Suzanne Rankin
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Andrea Lewis
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Robin
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Jacqui Rees
- Department of Quality, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Jo Finch
- Department of Quality, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Yvonne Jones
- Department of Quality, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Gareth Jones
- Department of Quality, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Quality, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Paul Murray
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Michael Wood
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Christopher Henry Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Thang Sieu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 0PZ, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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9
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Al Bishawi A, Abdel Hadi H, Elmekaty E, Al Samawi M, Nair A, Abou Kamar M, Al Maslamani M, Abdelmajid A. Remdesivir for COVID‐19 pneumonia in patients with severe chronic kidney disease: A Case series and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05467. [PMID: 35228879 PMCID: PMC8867201 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir was the first antiviral agent to receive FDA authorization for severe COVID‐19 management, which restricts its use with severe renal impairment due to concerns that active metabolites might accumulate, causing renal toxicities. With limited treatment options, available evidence on such patient groups is important to assess for future safety. Our report suggests that Remdesivir is well tolerated and potentially safe among hospitalized patients with severe COVID‐19 infection with the background of advanced kidney diseases where benefits outweigh potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Bishawi
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Eman Elmekaty
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Clinical Pharmacy Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Musaed Al Samawi
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Arun Nair
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Mohammed Abou Kamar
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Muna Al Maslamani
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Abdelmajid
- Division of infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
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10
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Thompson MA, Horberg MA, Agwu AL, Colasanti JA, Jain MK, Short WR, Singh T, Aberg JA. Erratum to: Primary Care Guidance for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1893-1898. [PMID: 34878522 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison L Agwu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mamta K Jain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William R Short
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Internal Medicine, HIV and Infectious Disease, Desert AIDS Project, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Judith A Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Low Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation Predicts Worse Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225456. [PMID: 34830738 PMCID: PMC8621380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial injury can be induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seems to exert a crucial pathogenic role in its most severe clinical manifestations. We aimed to investigate the association between brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (bFMD), a potential clinical and non-invasive measure of endothelial function, and in-hospital prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was assessed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients within 48 h of hospital admission. The association between bFMD and either intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-hospital death was explored using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: Four hundred and eight patients were enrolled. Significantly lower bFMD values emerged in COVID-19 patients with either radiographic signs of pneumonia, respiratory distress, or the need for non-invasive ventilation compared with patients without these signs (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Forty-two (10%) patients were admitted to the ICU, 76 (19%) patients died, and 118 (29%) patients met the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death. At unadjusted Cox regression analysis showed that low bFMD (<4.4%, the median value) was associated with a higher risk for the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death compared with high bFMD (≥4.4%, the median value) (HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.155–2.428, p = 0.007). Multi-adjusted Cox regression analyses showed that low bFMD was independently associated with a 1.519- to 1.658-fold increased risk for the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death. Conclusions: Low bFMD predicts an unfavorable in-hospital prognosis in COVID-19 patients. The measurement of bFMD may be clinically useful in the prognostic stratification of COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.
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12
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Ebeid FSE, Ragab IA, Elsherif NHK, Makkeyah S, Mostafa S, Eltonbary K, Matbouly S, Mostafa A, Goma H, Agwa SH, Hafez HM, Girgis S, El Gendy YG, El-Sayed MH. COVID-19 in Children With Cancer: A Single Low-Middle Income Center Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e1077-e1081. [PMID: 33290293 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could be associated with morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to measure the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among hospitalized children with cancer and to detect the associated clinical manifestations and outcomes. METHODOLOGY A prospective noninterventional study including all hospitalized children with cancer conducted between mid-April and mid-June 2020 in Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in nasopharyngeal swabs. RESULTS Fifteen of 61 hospitalized children with cancer were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Their mean age was 8.3±3.5 years. Initially, 10 (66.7%) were asymptomatic and 5 (33.3%) were symptomatic with fever and/or cough. Baseline laboratory tests other than SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were not diagnostic; the mean absolute lymphocyte count was 8.7±2.4×109/L. C-reactive protein was mildly elevated in most of the patients. Imaging was performed in 10 (66.7%) patients with significant radiologic findings detected in 4 (40%) patients. Treatment was mainly supportive with antibiotics as per the febrile neutropenia protocol and local Children Hospital guidance for management of COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 were mainly asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. A high index of suspicion and regular screening with nasopharyngeal swab in asymptomatic hospitalized cancer patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma S E Ebeid
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Research Institute-Clinical Research Center (MASRI-CRC)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aya Mostafa
- Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine
| | - Heba Goma
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department
| | | | | | | | | | - Manal H El-Sayed
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Research Institute-Clinical Research Center (MASRI-CRC)
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13
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Rothenburg J, Rink-Baron S, Mueller L, Ostermann PN, Fischer J, Stegbauer J, Moldenhauer A. COVID-19 antibody donation using immunoadsorption: Report of two cases. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103193. [PMID: 34147358 PMCID: PMC8205282 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For more than a year the whole world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic with no treatment option in sight. Administration of plasma from convalescent donors containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, though promising according to case reports, failed to show a clear benefit in a greater number of trials. One reason could be varying and low antibody contents in a majority of plasma units hampering standardization and clinical efficacy. Besides, other plasma components unnecessarily transfused like coagulation factors might promote hypercoagulation seen in severe COVID-19 etiopathology. We therefore hypothesized that instead of collecting whole plasma units, convalescent donors could donate solely immunoglobulins by undergoing immunoadsorption, a mode of therapy regularly applied in autoimmune diseases. Here, we report the results of the first two antibody donations performed at the University Hospital Düsseldorf. In both cases, immunoadsorptions were very well tolerated with no side effects. Collected and neutralized eluates were concentrated using tangential flow filtration increasing the concentration of immunoglobulins 10fold as compared to peripheral blood and leading to probably eight times more neutralizing antibodies than in one plasma unit. Therefore, immunoadsorption can be used as a method of antibody donation. Whether these donated antibodies can be used as passive immunization in acutely infected patients remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Rothenburg
- Institute for Transplantat Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany,Pall Corporation, Dreieich, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Mueller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Institute for Transplantat Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Anja Moldenhauer
- Institute for Transplantat Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany,Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: Institute for Transplantat Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
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14
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Schrift D, Barron K, Arya R, Choe C. The Use of POCUS to Manage ICU Patients With COVID-19. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:1749-1761. [PMID: 33174650 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, clinicians have had to modify how they provide high-value care while mitigating the risk of viral spread. Routine imaging studies have been discouraged due to elevated transmission risk. Patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 often have a protracted hospital course with progression of disease. Given the need for close follow-up of patients, we recommend the use of ultrasonography, particularly point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), to manage patients with COVID-19 through their entire ICU course. POCUS will allow a clinician to evaluate and monitor cardiac and pulmonary function, as well as evaluate for thromboembolic disease, place an endotracheal tube, confirm central venous catheter placement, and rule out a pneumothorax. If a patient improves sufficiently to perform weaning trials, POCUS can also help evaluate readiness for ventilator liberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schrift
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Prisma Health USC Medical Group, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Barron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health USC Medical Group, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rohan Arya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Prisma Health USC Medical Group, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Choe
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lexington Medical Center, West Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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15
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COVID-19 and APOL-1 High-Risk Genotype-Associated Collapsing Glomerulonephritis. Case Rep Nephrol 2021; 2021:3737751. [PMID: 34367703 PMCID: PMC8342168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3737751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lungs and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The ongoing global pandemic has created healthcare and economic crisis for almost every nation of the world. Though primarily affecting the lungs, it has also affected the kidney in various ways including acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, and hematuria. It has been increasingly shown that African American (AA) individuals affected with COVID-19 and presenting with AKI and nephrotic-range proteinuria are very susceptible to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The APOL-1 gene, associated with the African American population, has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for FSGS affected with COVID-19. Our case highlights a similar case of COVID-19 in a 65-year-old AA descendant with biopsy-proven FSGS and genetically confirmed APOL-1 alleles.
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16
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Mishra A, Basumallick S, Lu A, Chiu H, Shah MA, Shukla Y, Tiwari A. The healthier healthcare management models for COVID-19. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:927-937. [PMID: 34119847 PMCID: PMC8164338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic situation of COVID-19 generates a situation in which healthcare resources such as diagnostic kits, drugs and basic healthcare infrastructure were on shortage throughout the period, along with negative impact on socio-economic system. Standardized public healthcare models were missing in pandemic situation, covering from hospitalized patient care to local resident's healthcare managements in terms of monitoring, assess to diagnosis and medicines. This exploratory and intervention-based study with the objective of proposing COVID-19 Care Management Model representing comprehensive care of society including patients (COVID-19 and other diseases) and healthy subjects under integrated framework of healthier management model. Shifting policy towards technology-oriented models with well-aligned infrastructure can achieve better outcomes in COVID-19 prevention and care. The planned development of technical healthcare models for prognosis and improved treatment outcomes that take into account not only genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, materials science perspectives but also the possible contribution of advanced digital technologies is best strategies for early diagnosis and infections control. In view of current pandemic, a Healthier Healthcare Management Model is proposed here as a source of standardized care having technology support, medical consultation, along with public health model of sanitization, distancing and contact less behaviours practices. Effective healthcare managements have been the main driver of healthier society where, positive action at identified research, technology and management segment more specifically public health, patient health, technology selection and political influence has great potential to enhanced the global response to COVID-19. The implementation of such practices will deliver effective diagnosis and control mechanism and make healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika 59053, Sweden,VBRI, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59 053, Sweden,VBRI Innovation, 7/16 Kalkaji Extension, New Delhi 110 019, India
| | | | - Albert Lu
- Tripod Nano Tech, Taoyuan City 326, Taiwan
| | - Helen Chiu
- Tripod Nano Tech, Taoyuan City 326, Taiwan
| | | | - Yogesh Shukla
- mHospitals, 2/31 Nehru Enclave, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika 59053, Sweden,VBRI, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59 053, Sweden,VBRI Innovation, 7/16 Kalkaji Extension, New Delhi 110 019, India,mHospitals, 2/31 Nehru Enclave, New Delhi 110019, India,Corresponding author at: Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
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17
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Bhagavan SM, Ramaswamy SB, Govindarajan R. A case report of COVID-19 in refractory myasthenia: Outcome with remdesivir and dexamethasone. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25701. [PMID: 33950951 PMCID: PMC8104252 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications due to chronic immunosuppression. COVID-19 infection can also increase the risk of myasthenia exacerbation. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient presented with respiratory distress, fever and chills and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. His past medical history includes seropositive generalized MG diagnosed in 2019, hypertension, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure with reduced ejection failure. DIAGNOSES Refractory seropositive generalized MG having COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure (needing mechanical ventilation) with sepsis. INTERVENTION Use of intravenous remdesivir and dexamethasone and patient's myasthenic exacerbation (due to COVID-19 and its complications) was successfully treated with plasmapheresis. OUTCOMES Patient was successfully weaned off ventilator to trach collar and was discharged to inpatient rehabiliation. He was followed up 1 month post hospital discharge and was on trach collar. LESSONS This case report illustrates early use of the combination therapy might be beneficial in refractory myasthenia gravis cases even with chronic immunosuppression and severe COVID-19 infection.
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18
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Hasan MJ, Rabbani R, Anam AM, Huq SMR, Polash MMI, Nessa SST, Bachar SC. Impact of high dose of baricitinib in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:427. [PMID: 33962573 PMCID: PMC8102838 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 infection increases the risk of respiratory failure and one of the cogent reasons of mortality associated with COVID-19. Baricitinib, a janus kinases inhibitor, can potentially suppress inflammatory cascades in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of high dose of baricitinib with its usual dose in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 238 adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Eight milligram and 4 mg of baricitinib was given orally to 122 patients in the high dose (HD) group and 116 patients the usual dose (UD) group, respectively daily for 14 days, and clinical outcomes were compared among the groups. RESULTS Blood oxygen saturation level was stabilized (≥94% on room air) earlier in the HD group compared to the UD group [5 (IQR: 4-5)/8 (IQR: 6-9), P < 0.05]. Patients in the HD group required intensive care unit (ICU) and intubation supports more in the UD group than that in patients of the HD group [17.2%/9%, P < 0.05; 11.2%/4.1%, P > 0.05; N = 116/122, respectively]. The 30-day mortality and 60-day rehospitalization rate were higher in the UD group than the HD group [6%/3.3%, P < 0.01; 11.9%/7.6%, P > 0.05; N = 116/122, respectively]. CONCLUSION The daily high dose of baricitinib in severe COVID-19 results in early stabilization of the respiratory functions, declined requirements of critical care supports, reduced rehospitalization with mortality rate compared to its daily usual dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahidul Hasan
- Clinical Pharmacist (Critical Care and Infectious Diseases/ Stewardship), Clinical Pharmacy Services, Department of Pharmacy, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Rabbani
- Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Services, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Mursel Anam
- High Dependency Unit (HDU), Department of Medical Services, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Shihan Mahmud Redwanul Huq
- Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Services, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mufizul Islam Polash
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Services, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Shahzadi Sayeeda Tun Nessa
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical Services, Square Hospitals Ltd., 18/F Bir Uttam Qazi Nuruzzaman Sarak, West Panthapath, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
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19
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Zhou J, Lee S, Wang X, Li Y, Wu WKK, Liu T, Cao Z, Zeng DD, Leung KSK, Wai AKC, Wong ICK, Cheung BMY, Zhang Q, Tse G. Development of a multivariable prediction model for severe COVID-19 disease: a population-based study from Hong Kong. NPJ Digit Med 2021; 4:66. [PMID: 33833388 PMCID: PMC8032826 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-021-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported numerous predictors for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 disease. However, there have been few simple clinical risk scores available for prompt risk stratification. The objective is to develop a simple risk score for predicting severe COVID-19 disease using territory-wide data based on simple clinical and laboratory variables. Consecutive patients admitted to Hong Kong’s public hospitals between 1 January and 22 August 2020 and diagnosed with COVID-19, as confirmed by RT-PCR, were included. The primary outcome was composite intensive care unit admission, need for intubation or death with follow-up until 8 September 2020. An external independent cohort from Wuhan was used for model validation. COVID-19 testing was performed in 237,493 patients and 4442 patients (median age 44.8 years old, 95% confidence interval (CI): [28.9, 60.8]); 50% males) were tested positive. Of these, 209 patients (4.8%) met the primary outcome. A risk score including the following components was derived from Cox regression: gender, age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, dementia, liver diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer, increases in neutrophil count, potassium, urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, D-dimer, high sensitive troponin-I, lactate dehydrogenase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and C-reactive protein, as well as decreases in lymphocyte count, platelet, hematocrit, albumin, sodium, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, glucose, and base excess. The model based on test results taken on the day of admission demonstrated an excellent predictive value. Incorporation of test results on successive time points did not further improve risk prediction. The derived score system was evaluated with out-of-sample five-cross-validation (AUC: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91) and external validation (N = 202, AUC: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93). A simple clinical score accurately predicted severe COVID-19 disease, even without including symptoms, blood pressure or oxygen status on presentation, or chest radiograph results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhou
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharen Lee
- Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Cao
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Dajun Zeng
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keith Sai Kit Leung
- Emergency Medicine Unit, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abraham Ka Chung Wai
- Emergency Medicine Unit, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Medicines Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Qingpeng Zhang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Nejadrahim R, Khademolhosseini S, Kavandi H, Hajizadeh R. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2- or pregnancy-related cardiomyopathy, a differential to be considered in the current pandemic: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:143. [PMID: 33741059 PMCID: PMC7978166 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data on cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy, and there are only a few case reports on coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy. Differentiation between postpartum cardiomyopathy and coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiomyopathy in pregnant women who develop severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection during peripartum could be challenging. Here, we present a case of possible coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiomyopathy in a pregnant patient, followed by a discussion of potential differential diagnosis. Case presentation In this case report, we present the case of a young pregnant Iranian woman who developed heart failure with pulmonary edema after cesarean section. She was treated because of low left ventricular ejection fraction and impression of postpartum cardiomyopathy, and her severe dyspnea improved by intravenous furosemide. On day 3, she exhibited no orthopnea or leg edema, but she was complaining of severe and dry cough. Further evaluation showed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. Conclusions The possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection should be considered in any pregnant woman who develops cardiomyopathy and pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Nejadrahim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hadiseh Kavandi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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21
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Dey RK, Hilmy AI, Imad HA, Yoosuf AA, Latheef AA. COVID-19 and emergencies in patients with diabetes: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:57. [PMID: 33531061 PMCID: PMC7852477 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maldives reported its first Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on March 7th, 2020. Since then more than 9400 positive cases and 33 deaths have been reported. Recently studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a poor prognosis and a higher mortality rate when compared to the non-diabetic patients. Poorly controlled diabetic patients had a higher incidence of complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) which might have been precipitated by COVID-19. DKA and HHS are potentially lethal but preventable conditions. During this pandemic, although cases of uncontrolled diabetes are frequently reported, there is scarcity in reporting of cases with diabetic emergencies. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 was a 53-year old Asian male, admitted on Day 10th of illness with DKA with acute kidney injury, and Moderate COVID-19. Case 2 was a 72-year old Asian male, admitted with mild COVID-19 who developed HHS with acute kidney injury on day 9 of illness. Both patients were managed conservatively in intensive care unit, with intravenous fluids and insulin. CONCLUSION Clinicians should focus on close monitoring of diabetic patients with COVID-19, to prevent diabetic emergencies like DKA and HHS. It is important to aggressively manage these conditions for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Kumar Dey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male', Maldives.
| | | | - Hisham Ahmed Imad
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Abdul Azeez Yoosuf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male', Maldives
| | - Ali Abdulla Latheef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male', Maldives.,Technical Advisory Group, Health Emergency Operation Center, Male', Maldives
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22
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Galassi A, Casanova F, Gazzola L, Rinaldo R, Ceresa M, Restelli E, Giorgini A, Birocchi S, Giovenzana M, Zoni U, Valli F, Massironi L, Belletti S, Magagnoli L, Stucchi A, Ippolito M, Carugo S, Parazzini E, Cozzolino M. SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS in a maintenance hemodialysis patient: case report on tailored approach by daily hemodialysis, noninvasive ventilation, tocilizumab, anxiolytics, and point-of-care ultrasound. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:694-703. [PMID: 33362933 PMCID: PMC7753751 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Without rescue drugs approved, holistic approach by daily hemodialysis, noninvasive ventilation, anti-inflammatory medications, fluid assessment by bedside ultrasound, and anxiolytics improved outcomes of a maintenance hemodialysis patient affected by severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galassi
- Renal & Dialysis UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Casanova
- Internal Medicine UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Lidia Gazzola
- Department of Health SciencesClinic of Infectious Disease“San Paolo” Hospital‐University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Rocco Rinaldo
- Respiratory UnitDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of MilanASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Marco Ceresa
- Palliative Care UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Elena Restelli
- Internal Medicine UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Alessia Giorgini
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Simone Birocchi
- Internal Medicine UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Marco Giovenzana
- Unit of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Digestive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryS. Paolo HospitalUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Ulisse Zoni
- Internal Medicine UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Federica Valli
- Division of CardiologyS. Paolo HospitalUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Laura Massironi
- Division of CardiologyS. Paolo HospitalUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | | | - Lorenza Magagnoli
- Renal & Dialysis UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Stucchi
- Renal & Dialysis UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Michela Ippolito
- Renal & Dialysis UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Division of CardiologyS. Paolo HospitalUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Elena Parazzini
- Respiratory UnitDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of MilanASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Renal & Dialysis UnitS. Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo e CarloMilanItaly
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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23
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Hodgson SH, Mansatta K, Mallett G, Harris V, Emary KRW, Pollard AJ. What defines an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the challenges assessing the clinical efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:e26-e35. [PMID: 33125914 PMCID: PMC7837315 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 1 million deaths in the first 6 months of the pandemic and huge economic and social upheaval internationally. An efficacious vaccine is essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Although some countries might deploy COVID-19 vaccines on the strength of safety and immunogenicity data alone, the goal of vaccine development is to gain direct evidence of vaccine efficacy in protecting humans against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 so that manufacture of efficacious vaccines can be selectively upscaled. A candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 might act against infection, disease, or transmission, and a vaccine capable of reducing any of these elements could contribute to disease control. However, the most important efficacy endpoint, protection against severe disease and death, is difficult to assess in phase 3 clinical trials. In this Review, we explore the challenges in assessing the efficacy of candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, discuss the caveats needed to interpret reported efficacy endpoints, and provide insight into answering the seemingly simple question, "Does this COVID-19 vaccine work?"
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kushal Mansatta
- University of Oxford Clinical Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Garry Mallett
- University of Oxford Clinical Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Harris
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine R W Emary
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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24
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EL-Taher EMM, El-Sherei MM, El Dine RS, ElNaggar DM, Khalil WKB, Kassem SM, Elkhateeb A, Kassem MES. Acacia pennata L. leaves: chemical profiling and impact on DNA damage, alteration of genotoxicity—related genes expression and ROS generation in hepatic tissues of acetaminophen treated male rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7775610 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Grobler JA, Anderson AS, Fernandes P, Diamond MS, Colvis CM, Menetski JP, Alvarez RM, Young JAT, Carter KL. Accelerated Preclinical Paths to Support Rapid Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:638-645. [PMID: 33152278 PMCID: PMC7528945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When SARS-CoV-2 emerged at the end of 2019, no approved therapeutics or vaccines were available. An urgent need for countermeasures during this crisis challenges the current paradigm of traditional drug discovery and development, which usually takes years from start to finish. Approaches that accelerate this process need to be considered. Here we propose the minimum data package required to move a compound into clinical development safely. We further define the additional data that should be collected in parallel without impacting the rapid path to clinical development. Accelerated paths for antivirals, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, and other agents have been developed and can serve as "roadmaps" to support prioritization of compounds for clinical testing. These accelerated paths are fueled by a skewed risk-benefit ratio and are necessary to advance therapeutic agents into human trials rapidly and safely for COVID-19. Such paths are adaptable to other potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christine M Colvis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph P Menetski
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Rosa M Alvarez
- Deloitte Consulting LLP, 200 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - John A T Young
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kara L Carter
- Evotec ID Lyon, 40 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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26
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Thompson MA, Horberg MA, Agwu AL, Colasanti JA, Jain MK, Short WR, Singh T, Aberg JA. Primary Care Guidance for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3572-e3605. [PMID: 33225349 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have made it possible for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live a near expected life span, without progressing to AIDS or transmitting HIV to sexual partners or infants. There is, therefore, increasing emphasis on maintaining health throughout the life span. To receive optimal medical care and achieve desired outcomes, persons with HIV must be consistently engaged in care and able to access uninterrupted treatment, including ART. Comprehensive evidence-based HIV primary care guidance is, therefore, more important than ever. Creating a patient-centered, stigma-free care environment is essential for care engagement. Barriers to care must be decreased at the societal, health system, clinic, and individual levels. As the population ages and noncommunicable diseases arise, providing comprehensive healthcare for persons with HIV becomes increasingly complex, including management of multiple comorbidities and the associated challenges of polypharmacy, while not neglecting HIV-related health concerns. Clinicians must address issues specific to persons of childbearing potential, including care during preconception and pregnancy, and to children, adolescents, and transgender and gender-diverse individuals. This guidance from an expert panel of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America updates previous 2013 primary care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison L Agwu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mamta K Jain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William R Short
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Internal Medicine, HIV and Infectious Disease, Desert AIDS Project, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Judith A Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Agrawal H, Das N, Nathani S, Saha S, Saini S, Kakar SS, Roy P. An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:94-112. [PMID: 33029768 PMCID: PMC7541100 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first time reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and thereafter quickly spread across the globe. Till September 19, 2020, COVID-19 has spread to 216 countries and territories. Severe infection of SARS-CoV-2 cause extreme increase in inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that may lead to multi-organ damage and respiratory failure. Currently, no specific treatment and authorized vaccines are available for its treatment. Renin angiotensin system holds a promising role in human physiological system specifically in regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid balance. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with Renin angiotensin system by utilizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for its cellular entry. This interaction hampers the protective action of ACE2 in the cells and causes injuries to organs due to persistent angiotensin II (Ang-II) level. Patients with certain comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are under the high risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Moreover, evidence obtained from several reports also suggests higher susceptibility of male patients for COVID-19 mortality and other acute viral infections compared to females. Analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) epidemiological data also indicate a gender-based preference in disease consequences. The current review addresses the possible mechanisms responsible for higher COVID-19 mortality among male patients. The major underlying aspects that was looked into includes smoking, genetic factors, and the impact of reproductive hormones on immune systems and inflammatory responses. Detailed investigations of this gender disparity could provide insight into the development of patient tailored therapeutic approach which would be helpful in improving the poor outcomes of COVID-19. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Neeladrisingha Das
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sandip Nathani
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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28
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Oud L. Identifying the Quality Nuggets Amid the Explosion of COVID-19-Related Scientific Communication: An Insurmountable Challenge? J Clin Med Res 2020; 12:683-685. [PMID: 33029277 PMCID: PMC7524557 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lavi Oud
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79763, USA.
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29
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Yang JS, Chiang JH, Tsai S, Hsu YM, Bau DT, Lee KH, Tsai FJ. In Silico De Novo Curcuminoid Derivatives From the Compound Library of Natural Products Research Laboratories Inhibit COVID-19 3CLpro Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) is becoming increasingly serious. In March 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designated remdesivir for compassionate use to treat COVID-19. Thus, the development of novel antiviral agents, antibodies, and vaccines against COVID-19 is an urgent research subject. Many laboratories and research organizations are actively investing in the development of new compounds for COVID-19. Through in silico high-throughput virtual screening, we have recently identified compounds from the compound library of Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL) that can bind to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein and block COVID-19 3Lpro activity through in silico high-throughput virtual screening. Curcuminoid derivatives (including NPRL334, NPRL339, NPRL342, NPRL346, NPRL407, NPRL415, NPRL420, NPRL472, and NPRL473) display strong binding affinity to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. The binding site of curcuminoid derivatives to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein is the same as that of the FDA-approved human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor (lopinavir) to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. The binding affinity of curcuminoid derivatives to COVID-19 3Lpro is stronger than that of lopinavir and curcumin. Among curcuminoid derivatives, NPRL-334 revealed the strongest binding affinity to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein and is speculated to have an anti-COVID-19 effect. In vitro and in vivo ongoing experiments are currently underway to confirm the present findings. This study sheds light on the drug design for COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. Basing on lead compound development, we provide new insights on inhibiting COVID-19 attachment to cells, reducing COVID-19 infection rate and drug side effects, and increasing therapeutic success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Shih‑Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Laboratories, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Human Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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