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Tan L, Kluivers AC, Cruz-López EO, Broekhuizen M, Chen Z, Neuman RI, Schoenmakers S, Ruijgrok L, van de Velde D, de Winter BC, van den Bogaerdt AJ, Lu X, Danser AJ, Verdonk K. Statins Prevent the Deleterious Consequences of Placental Chemerin Upregulation in Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2024; 81:861-875. [PMID: 38361240 PMCID: PMC10956680 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemerin, an inflammatory adipokine, is upregulated in preeclampsia, and its placental overexpression results in preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice. Statins may lower chemerin. METHODS Chemerin was determined in a prospective cohort study in women suspected of preeclampsia and evaluated as a predictor versus the sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio. Chemerin release was studied in perfused placentas and placental explants with or without the statins pravastatin and fluvastatin. We also addressed statin placental passage and the effects of chemerin in chorionic plate arteries. RESULTS Serum chemerin was elevated in women with preeclampsia, and its addition to a predictive model yielded significant effects on top of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio to predict preeclampsia and its fetal complications. Perfused placentas and explants of preeclamptic women released more chemerin and sFlt-1 and less PlGF than those of healthy pregnant women. Statins reversed this. Both statins entered the fetal compartment, and the fetal/maternal concentration ratio of pravastatin was twice that of fluvastatin. Chemerin constricted plate arteries, and this was blocked by a chemerin receptor antagonist and pravastatin. Chemerin did not potentiate endothelin-1 in chorionic plate arteries. In explants, statins upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor expression, which relies on the same transcription factor as chemerin, and NO release. CONCLUSIONS Chemerin is a biomarker for preeclampsia, and statins both prevent its placental upregulation and effects, in an NO and low-density lipoprotein receptor-dependent manner. Combined with their capacity to improve the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, this offers an attractive mechanism by which statins may prevent or treat preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Tan
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China (L.T., X.L.)
| | - Ans C.M. Kluivers
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.C.M.K., R.I.N., S.S.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwyn O. Cruz-López
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care (M.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases (Z.C.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rugina I. Neuman
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.C.M.K., R.I.N., S.S.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.C.M.K., R.I.N., S.S.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Ruijgrok
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy (L.R., D.v.d.V., B.C.M.d.W.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van de Velde
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy (L.R., D.v.d.V., B.C.M.d.W.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda C.M. de Winter
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy (L.R., D.v.d.V., B.C.M.d.W.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoon J. van den Bogaerdt
- Heart Valve Department, Euro Tissue Bank-Bio Implant Services LIFE (ETB-BISLIFE), Beverwijk, the Netherlands (A.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China (L.T., X.L.)
| | - A.H. Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.T., A.C.M.K., E.O.C.-L., M.B., R.I.N., A.H.J.D., K.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Lian Z, Yu SR, Cui YX, Li SF, Su L, Song JX, Lee CY, Chen QX, Chen H. Rosuvastatin Enhances Lymphangiogenesis after Myocardial Infarction by Regulating the miRNAs/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (miRNAs/VEGFR3) Pathway. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:335-347. [PMID: 38357274 PMCID: PMC10863446 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have suggested that the early administration of statins could reduce the risk of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Recently, some studies have identified that stimulating lymphangiogenesis after AMI could improve cardiac function by reducing myocardial edema and inflammation. This study aimed to identify the effect of rosuvastatin on postinfarct lymphangiogenesis and to identify the underlying mechanism of this effect. METHOD Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice orally administered rosuvastatin for 7 days. The changes in cardiac function, pathology, and lymphangiogenesis following MI were measured by echocardiography and immunostaining. EdU, Matrigel tube formation, and scratch wound assays were used to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on the proliferation, tube formation, and migration of the lymphatic endothelial cell line SVEC4-10. The expression of miR-107-3p, miR-491-5p, and VEGFR3 was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. A gain-of-function study was performed using miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p mimics. RESULTS The rosuvastatin-treated mice had a significantly improved ejection fraction and increased lymphatic plexus density 7 days after MI. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial edema and inflammatory response after MI. We used a VEGFR3 inhibitor to partially reverse these effects. Rosuvastatin promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of SVEC4-10 cells. PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that rosuvastatin intervention downregulated miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p and promoted VEGFR3 expression. The gain-of-function study showed that miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of SVEC4-10 cells. CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin could improve heart function by promoting lymphangiogenesis after MI by regulating the miRNAs/VEGFR3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lian
- Cardiovascular
Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital
Medical University, Xihuan South Road No. 2, Economic-Technological
Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shi-Ran Yu
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu-Xia Cui
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Su-Fang Li
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li−Na Su
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun-Xian Song
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chong-Yoo Lee
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qi-Xin Chen
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
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Reina-Couto M, Silva-Pereira C, Pereira-Terra P, Quelhas-Santos J, Bessa J, Serrão P, Afonso J, Martins S, Dias CC, Morato M, Guimarães JT, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Paiva JA, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Endothelitis profile in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock patients: Endocan as a potential novel biomarker and putative therapeutic target. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965611. [PMID: 36035482 PMCID: PMC9407685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Inflammation-driven endothelitis seems to be a hallmark of acute heart failure (AHF) and cardiogenic shock (CS). Endocan, a soluble proteoglycan secreted by the activated endothelium, contributes to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, but has been scarcely explored in human AHF. We aimed to evaluate serum (S-Endocan) and urinary endocan (U-Endocan) profiles in AHF and CS patients and to correlate them with biomarkers/parameters of inflammation, endothelial activation, cardiovascular dysfunction and prognosis. Methods: Blood and spot urine were collected from patients with AHF (n = 23) or CS (n = 25) at days 1–2 (admission), 3-4 and 5-8 and from controls (blood donors, n = 22) at a single time point. S-Endocan, U-Endocan, serum IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (S-TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (S-ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (S-VCAM-1) and E-selectin were determined by ELISA or multiplex immunoassays. Serum C-reactive protein (S-CRP), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (P-BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin I (P-hs-trop I), lactate, urea, creatinine and urinary proteins, as well as prognostic scores (APACHE II, SAPS II) and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were also evaluated. Results: Admission S-Endocan was higher in both patient groups, with CS presenting greater values than AHF (AHF and CS vs. Controls, p < 0.001; CS vs. AHF, p < 0.01). Admission U-Endocan was only higher in CS patients (p < 0.01 vs. Controls). At admission, S-VCAM-1, S-IL-6 and S-TNF-α were also higher in both patient groups but there were no differences in S-E-selectin and S-IL-1β among the groups, nor in P-BNP, S-CRP or renal function between AHF and CS. Neither endocan nor other endothelial and inflammatory markers were reduced during hospitalization (p > 0.05). S-Endocan positively correlated with S-VCAM-1, S-IL-6, S-CRP, APACHE II and SAPS II scores and was positively associated with P-BNP in multivariate analyses. Admission S-Endocan raised in line with LVEF impairment (p = 0.008 for linear trend). Conclusion: Admission endocan significantly increases across AHF spectrum. The lack of reduction in endothelial and inflammatory markers throughout hospitalization suggests a perpetuation of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. S-Endocan appears to be a biomarker of endothelitis and a putative therapeutic target in AHF and CS, given its association with LVEF impairment and P-BNP and its positive correlation with prognostic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Janete Quelhas-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Bessa
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Serrão
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ and EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informação e Decisão em Saúde, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ and EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Bioquímica, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa Sousa,
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Balta S, Balta I. COVID-19 and Inflammatory Markers. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:326-332. [PMID: 35379133 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220404200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causes mild illness to serious infection with lung involvement, thrombosis, and other complications potentially resulting in fatal outcomes. Recognised inflammatory biomarkers play important roles in managing patients with COVID-19; for example, diagnosis, follow-up, assessment of treatment response, and risk stratification. Inflammatory markers in COVID-19 disease were analysed in two categories. Well-known inflammatory markers include complete blood count, C-reactive protein, albumin, cytokines, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Asymmetric dimethylarginine, endocan, pentraxin 3, serum amyloid A, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status, and galectin-3 are considered among the emerging inflammatory markers. This brief narrative review assesses the relationship between these inflammatory markers and COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Hayat Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Balta
- Department of Dermatology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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Reikvam H, Hatfield KJ, Wendelbo Ø, Lindås R, Lassalle P, Bruserud Ø. Endocan in Acute Leukemia: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040492. [PMID: 35454082 PMCID: PMC9027427 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed by endothelial cells and detected in serum/plasma. Its expression is increased in tumors/tumor vessels in several human malignancies, and high expression (high serum/plasma levels or tumor levels) has an adverse prognostic impact in several malignancies. The p14 endocan degradation product can also be detected in serum/plasma, but previous clinical studies as well as previously unpublished results presented in this review suggest that endocan and p14 endocan fragment levels reflect different biological characteristics, and the endocan levels seem to reflect the disease heterogeneity in acute leukemia better than the p14 fragment levels. Furthermore, decreased systemic endocan levels in previously immunocompetent sepsis patients are associated with later severe respiratory complications, but it is not known whether this is true also for immunocompromised acute leukemia patients. Finally, endocan is associated with increased early nonrelapse mortality in (acute leukemia) patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and this adverse prognostic impact seems to be independent of the adverse impact of excessive fluid overload. Systemic endocan levels may also become important to predict cytokine release syndrome after immunotherapy/haploidentical transplantation, and in the long-term follow-up of acute leukemia survivors with regard to cardiovascular risk. Therapeutic targeting of endocan is now possible, and the possible role of endocan in acute leukemia should be further investigated to clarify whether the therapeutic strategy should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Kimberley Joanne Hatfield
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Roald Lindås
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Philippe Lassalle
- Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
- Center for Infection and Immunity, le Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Univeristy of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Equipe Immunité Pulmonaire, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Chen J, Jiang L, Yu XH, Hu M, Zhang YK, Liu X, He P, Ouyang X. Endocan: A Key Player of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:798699. [PMID: 35071362 PMCID: PMC8766991 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.798699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early change in atherosclerosis. Endocan, also known as endothelial cell specific molecule-1, is a soluble proteoglycan mainly secreted by endothelial cells. Inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α can up regulate the expression of endocan and then affect the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which play an important role in promoting leukocyte migration and inflammatory response. Elevated plasma levels of endocan may reflect endothelial activation and dysfunction, and is considered to be a potential immuno-inflammatory marker that may be related to cardiovascular disease. In the case of hypertension, diabetes, angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction, the increase or decrease of serum endocan levels is of great significance. Here, we reviewed the current research on endocan, and emphasis its possible clinical value as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease. Endocan may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, but more research is needed on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Chen
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Clinical Drug Research Center, Hunan Taihe Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Mi Hu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Wang T, Sun L, Xu L, Zhao T, Feng J, Yu L, Wu J, Li H. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with coronary heart disease in Xinjiang, China. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34563206 PMCID: PMC8466639 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a predisposing factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). High-intensity statin therapy is recommended as secondary prevention. ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 genes influence the efficacy and safety of statins. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic area; however, little is known about the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in minority groups with CHD. Objective To measure levels of lipid and apolipoprotein and the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with CHD in Xinjiang. Methods This descriptive retrospective study compares lipid levels in ethnic groups using Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance. The study compared gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among different ethnic groups using the chi-square test. The lipid profiles in plasma were measured before lipid-lowering therapy using commercially available kits. Genotyping of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 variants was performed using sequencing by hybridization. Results A total of 2218 patients were successfully screened, including 1044 Han, 828 Uygur, 113 Kazak, 138 Hui, 39 Tatar, 36 Kirgiz, and 20 Sibe patients. The overall mean age was 61.8 ± 10.8 years, and 72.5% of participants were male. Dyslipidemia prevalence in these ethnic groups was 42.1, 49.8, 52.2, 40.6, 48.7, 41.7, and 45.0%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol (TC), high triglycerides (TG), and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.024; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). For the Han group, high LDL-C, high TC, and high TG prevalence differed significantly by gender (P = 0.001, P = 0.022, P = 0.037, respectively). The prevalence of high TC, high TG, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) differed significantly by gender in the Uygur group (P = 0.006, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of high TC in Hui patients significantly differed by gender (P = 0.043). These findings suggest that polymorphisms in ABCB1 and C3435T differ significantly across ethnicities (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalences of dyslipidemia, high TC, high TG, and high LDL-C in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe CHD patients in Xinjiang differed concerning ethnicity. Ethnic, gender, and lifestyle were the key factors that affected the lipid levels of the population. The prevalence of polymorphisms of ABCB1 and C3435T significantly differed across ethnicities. These findings will aid the selection of precision lipid-lowering medications and prevention and treatment of CHD according to ethnicity in Xinjiang. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01544-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luhai Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hongjian Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
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The Effects of Statin Dose, Lipophilicity, and Combination of Statins plus Ezetimibe on Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9661752. [PMID: 34526854 PMCID: PMC8437664 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9661752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the drugs of choice for decreasing LDL-C and are used for the prevention and management of ASCVD. Guidelines recommend that subjects with high and very high ASCVD risk should be treated with high-intensity statins or a combination of high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. The lipophilicity or hydrophilicity (solubility) of statins is considered to be important for at least some of their LDL-C lowering independent pleiotropic effects. Oxidative modification of LDL (ox-LDL) is considered to be the most important atherogenic modification of LDL and is supposed to play a crucial role in atherogenesis and ASCVD outcomes. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find out what are the effects of statin intensity, lipophilicity, and combination of statins plus ezetimibe on ox-LDL. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 5, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent and blinded authors evaluated eligibility by screening the titles and abstracts of the studies. Risk of bias in the studies included in this meta-analysis was evaluated according to the Cochrane instructions. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V2 software. Evaluation of funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's weighted regression tests were used to assess the presence of publication bias. Results Among the 1427 published studies identified by a systematic databases search, 20 RCTs were finally included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 1874 patients are included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that high-intensity statin treatment is associated with a significant decrease in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL when compared with low-to-moderate treatment (SMD: -0.675, 95% CI: -0.994, -0.357, p < 0.001; I2: 55.93%). There was no difference concerning ox-LDL concentration between treatments with hydrophilic and lipophilic statins (SMD: -0.129, 95% CI: -0.330, -0.071, p = 0.206; I2: 45.3%), but there was a significant reduction in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL associated with statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy when compared with statin monotherapy (SMD: -0.220, 95% CI: -0.369, -0.071, p = 0.004; I2: 0%). Conclusion High-dose statin or combination of statins with ezetmibe reduces plasma ox-LDL in comparison low-to-moderate intensity statin therapy alone. Statin lipophilicity is not associated with reduction in ox-LDL plasma concentrations.
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Comparative Lipid-Lowering/Increasing Efficacy of 7 Statins in Patients with Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, or Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analyses of 50 Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:3987065. [PMID: 32411300 PMCID: PMC7201823 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3987065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The drug efficacy may differ among different statins, and evidence from head-to-head comparisons is sparse and inconsistent. The study is aimed at comparing the lipid-lowering/increasing effects of 7 different statins in patients with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus by conducting systematic review and network meta-analyses (NMA) of the lipid changes after certain statins' use. Methods In this study, we searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through February 25, 2020, comparing the lipid-lowering efficacy of no less than two of the included statins (or statin vs. placebo). Three reviewers independently extracted data in duplicate. Firstly, mixed treatment overall comparison analyses, in the form of frequentist NMAs, were conducted using STATA 15.0 software. Then, subgroup analyses were conducted according to different baseline diseases. At last, sensitivity analyses were conducted according to age and follow-up duration. The trial was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42018108799). Results As a result, seven statin monotherapy treatments in 50 studies (51956 participants) were used for the analyses. The statins included simvastatin (SIM), fluvastatin (FLU), atorvastatin (ATO), rosuvastatin (ROS), lovastatin (LOV), pravastatin (PRA), and pitavastatin (PIT). In terms of LDL-C lowering, rosuvastatin ranked 1st with a surface under cumulated ranking (SUCRA) value of 93.1%. The comparative treatment efficacy for LDL-C lowering was ROS>ATO>PIT>SIM>PRA>FLU>LOV>PLA. All of the other ranking and NMA results were reported in SUCRA plots and league tables. Conclusions According to the NMAs, it can be concluded that rosuvastatin ranked 1st in LDL-C, ApoB-lowering efficacy and ApoA1-increasing efficacy. Lovastatin ranked 1st in TC- and TG-lowering efficacy, and fluvastatin ranked 1st in HDL-C-increasing efficacy. The results should be interpreted with caution due to some limitations in our review. However, they can provide references and evidence-based foundation for drug selection in both statin monotherapies and statin combination therapies.
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