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Ceccon DM, Amaral PHR, Andrade LM, da Silva MIN, Andrade LAF, Moraes TFS, Bagno FF, Rocha RP, de Almeida Marques DP, Ferreira GM, Lourenço AA, Ribeiro ÁL, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, da Fonseca FG, Gonzalez JC. New, fast, and precise method of COVID-19 detection in nasopharyngeal and tracheal aspirate samples combining optical spectroscopy and machine learning. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00923-5. [PMID: 36854899 PMCID: PMC9974055 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast, precise, and low-cost diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus is pivotal to control the global pandemic of COVID-19 that began in late 2019. The gold standard method of diagnostic recommended is the RT-qPCR test. However, this method is not universally available, and is time-consuming and requires specialized personnel, as well as sophisticated laboratories. Currently, machine learning is a useful predictive tool for biomedical applications, being able to classify data from diverse nature. Relying on the artificial intelligence learning process, spectroscopic data from nasopharyngeal swab and tracheal aspirate samples can be used to leverage characteristic patterns and nuances in healthy and infected body fluids, which allows to identify infection regardless of symptoms or any other clinical or laboratorial tests. Hence, when new measurements are performed on samples of unknown status and the corresponding data is submitted to such an algorithm, it will be possible to predict whether the source individual is infected or not. This work presents a new methodology for rapid and precise label-free diagnosing of SARS-CoV-2 infection in clinical samples, which combines spectroscopic data acquisition and analysis via artificial intelligence algorithms. Our results show an accuracy of 85% for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from asymptomatic patients or with mild symptoms, as well as an accuracy of 97% in tracheal aspirate samples collected from critically ill COVID-19 patients under mechanical ventilation. Moreover, the acquisition and processing of the information is fast, simple, and cheaper than traditional approaches, suggesting this methodology as a promising tool for biomedical diagnosis vis-à-vis the emerging and re-emerging viral SARS-CoV-2 variant threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny M. Ceccon
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627 Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique R. Amaral
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627 Brazil
| | - Lídia M. Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627 Brazil
| | - Maria I. N. da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627 Brazil
| | - Luis A. F. Andrade
- Centro de Tecnologia Em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais F. S. Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavia F. Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia Em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raissa P. Rocha
- Centro de Tecnologia Em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Geovane Marques Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alice Aparecida Lourenço
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jordana G. A. Coelho-dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavio G. da Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia Em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ,Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J. C. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627 Brazil
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Marcassoli A, Leonardi M, Passavanti M, De Angelis V, Bentivegna E, Martelletti P, Raggi A. Lessons Learned from the Lessons Learned in Public Health during the First Years of COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1785. [PMID: 36767152 PMCID: PMC9914715 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Objectives: to investigate the main lessons learned from the public health (PH) response to COVID-19, using the global perspective endorsed by the WHO pillars, and understand what countries have learned from their practical actions. (2) Methods: we searched for articles in PubMed and CINAHL from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022. 455 articles were included. Inclusion criteria were PH themes and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and forty-four articles were finally included in a detailed scoping review. (3) Findings: 78 lessons learned were available, cited 928 times in the 144 articles. Our review highlighted 5 main lessons learned among the WHO regions: need for continuous coordination between PH institutions and organisations (1); importance of assessment and evaluation of risk factors for the diffusion of COVID-19, identifying vulnerable populations (2); establishment of evaluation systems to assess the impact of planned PH measures (3); extensive application of digital technologies, telecommunications and electronic health records (4); need for periodic scientific reviews to provide regular updates on the most effective PH management strategies (5). (4) Conclusion: lessons found in this review could be essential for the future, providing recommendations for an increasingly flexible, fast and efficient PH response to a healthcare emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Marcassoli
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Passavanti
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio De Angelis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bentivegna
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ala A, Wilder J, Jonassaint NL, Coffin CS, Brady C, Reynolds A, Schilsky ML. COVID-19 and the Uncovering of Health Care Disparities in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada: Call to Action. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1791-1800. [PMID: 34558861 PMCID: PMC8426700 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a crisis that disproportionately affected populations already disadvantaged with respect to access to health care systems and adequate medical care and treatments. Understanding how and where health care disparities are most widespread is an important starting point for exploring opportunities to mitigate such disparities, especially within our patient population with liver disease. In a webinar in LiverLearning, we discussed the impact of the pandemic on the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, highlighting the disproportionate effects on infection rates and death for certain ethnic minorities, those socioeconomically disadvantaged and living in higher density areas, and those working in health care and other essential jobs. We set forth a "call to action" for members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the larger community of providers of liver disease care to generate viable solutions to improve access to care and vaccination rates of our patients against COVID-19, and in general help reduce health care disparities and improve the health of disadvantaged populations within their communities. Solutions will likely involve personalized interventions and messaging for communities that honor local leaders and embrace the diverse needs and different cultural sensitivities of our unique patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ala
- Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Surrey NHS Foundation TrustGuildfordUnited Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFHMSUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Julius Wilder
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | - Carla S Coffin
- Department of MedicineCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryALCanada
| | - Carla Brady
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
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Sugalski AJ, Lo T, Beauchemin M, Grimes AC, Robinson PD, Walsh AM, Santesso N, Dang H, Fisher BT, Wrightson AR, Yu LC, Sung L, Dupuis LL. Facilitators and barriers to clinical practice guideline-consistent supportive care at pediatric oncology institutions: a Children's Oncology Group study. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:106. [PMID: 34530933 PMCID: PMC8447588 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical practice guideline (CPG)-consistent care improves patient outcomes, but CPG implementation is poor. Little is known about CPG implementation in pediatric oncology. This study aimed to understand supportive care CPG implementation facilitators and barriers at pediatric oncology National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) institutions. Methods Healthcare professionals at 26 pediatric, Children's Oncology Group-member, NCORP institutions were invited to participate in face-to-face focus groups. Serial focus groups were held until saturation of ideas was reached. Supportive care CPG implementation facilitators and barriers were solicited using nominal group technique (NGT), and implementation of specific supportive care CPG recommendations was discussed. Notes from each focus group were analyzed using a directed content analysis. The top five themes arising from an analysis of NGT items were identified, first from each focus group and then across all focus groups. Results Saturation of ideas was reached after seven focus groups involving 35 participants from 18 institutions. The top five facilitators of CPG implementation identified across all focus groups were organizational factors including charging teams with CPG implementation, individual factors including willingness to standardize care, user needs and values including mentorship, system factors including implementation structure, and implementation strategies including a basis in science. The top five barriers of CPG implementation identified were organizational factors including tolerance for inconsistencies, individual factors including lack of trust, system factors including administrative hurdles, user needs and values including lack of inclusivity, and professional including knowledge gaps. Conclusions Healthcare professionals at pediatric NCORP institutions believe that organizational factors are the most important determinants of supportive care CPG implementation. They believe that CPG-consistent supportive care is most likely to be delivered in organizations that prioritize evidence-based care, provide structure and resources to implement CPGs, and eliminate implementation barriers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02847130. Date of registration: July 28, 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43058-021-00200-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Sugalski
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Tammy Lo
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, USA
| | | | - Allison C Grimes
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Alexandra M Walsh
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA.,University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Nancy Santesso
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ha Dang
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, USA.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Pediatrics and Epidemiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrea Rothfus Wrightson
- Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Wilmington, USA
| | - Lolie C Yu
- LSUHSC/Children's Hospital, New Orleans, USA
| | - Lillian Sung
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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