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Alsharif H, Latimer MN, Perez KC, Alexander J, Rahman MM, Challa AK, Kim JA, Ramanadham S, Young M, Bhatnagar S. Loss of Brain Angiogenesis Inhibitor-3 (BAI3) G-Protein Coupled Receptor in Mice Regulates Adaptive Thermogenesis by Enhancing Energy Expenditure. Metabolites 2023; 13:711. [PMID: 37367869 PMCID: PMC10301052 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective energy expenditure is critical for maintaining body weight (BW). However, underlying mechanisms contributing to increased BW remain unknown. We characterized the role of brain angiogenesis inhibitor-3 (BAI3/ADGRB3), an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR), in regulating BW. A CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach was utilized to generate a whole-body deletion of the BAI3 gene (BAI3-/-). In both BAI3-/- male and female mice, a significant reduction in BW was observed compared to BAI3+/+ control mice. Quantitative magnetic imaging analysis showed that lean and fat masses were reduced in male and female mice with BAI3 deficiency. Total activity, food intake, energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were assessed in mice housed at room temperature using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). While no differences were observed in the activity between the two genotypes in male or female mice, energy expenditure was increased in both sexes with BAI3 deficiency. However, at thermoneutrality (30 °C), no differences in energy expenditure were observed between the two genotypes for either sex, suggesting a role for BAI3 in adaptive thermogenesis. Notably, in male BAI3-/- mice, food intake was reduced, and RER was increased, but these attributes remained unchanged in the female mice upon BAI3 loss. Gene expression analysis showed increased mRNA abundance of thermogenic genes Ucp1, Pgc1α, Prdm16, and Elov3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These outcomes suggest that adaptive thermogenesis due to enhanced BAT activity contributes to increased energy expenditure and reduced BW with BAI3 deficiency. Additionally, sex-dependent differences were observed in food intake and RER. These studies identify BAI3 as a novel regulator of BW that can be potentially targeted to improve whole-body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Alsharif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Katherine C. Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Justin Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anil K. Challa
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jeong-A. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Martin Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.); (K.C.P.); (J.A.); (M.M.R.); (J.-A.K.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Wen X, Su B, Gao M, Chen J, Zhou D, You H, Li N, Chang S, Cheng X, Qian C, Gao J, Yang P, Qu S, Bu L. Obesity-associated up-regulation of lipocalin 2 protects gastric mucosa cells from apoptotic cell death by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:221. [PMID: 33637683 PMCID: PMC7910621 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric mucosal injury is a less well known complication of obesity. Its mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Here, we explored the protective role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa in patients and mice with obesity. Through molecular and genetic analyses in clinical species, LCN2 secreted by parietal cells expression is elevated in obese. Immunofluorescence, TUNEL, and colorimetry results show that a more significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and increased amount of apoptotic cells in gastric tissue sections in obese groups. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in gastric epithelial cells demonstrate that increased LCN2 protected against obesity associated gastric injury by inhibiting apoptosis and improving inflammatory state. In addition, this protective effect was mediated by repressing ER stress. Our findings identify LCN2 as a gastric hormone could be a compensatory protective factor against gastric injury in obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shuaikang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunhua Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Gut morphology and gene expression in obesity: Short review and perspectives. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rajamani U, Gross AR, Hjelm BE, Sequeira A, Vawter MP, Tang J, Gangalapudi V, Wang Y, Andres AM, Gottlieb RA, Sareen D. Super-Obese Patient-Derived iPSC Hypothalamic Neurons Exhibit Obesogenic Signatures and Hormone Responses. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:698-712.e9. [PMID: 29681516 PMCID: PMC6398951 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus contains neurons that integrate hunger and satiety endocrine signals from the periphery and are implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity. The limited availability of human hypothalamic neurons hampers our understanding of obesity disease mechanisms. To address this, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from multiple normal body mass index (BMI; BMI ≤ 25) subjects and super-obese (OBS) donors (BMI ≥ 50) with polygenic coding variants in obesity-associated genes. We developed a method to reliably differentiate hiPSCs into hypothalamic-like neurons (iHTNs) capable of secreting orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that, although iHTNs maintain a fetal identity, they respond appropriately to metabolic hormones ghrelin and leptin. Notably, OBS iHTNs retained disease signatures and phenotypes of high BMI, exhibiting dysregulated respiratory function, ghrelin-leptin signaling, axonal guidance, glutamate receptors, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Thus, human iHTNs provide a powerful platform to study obesity and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthra Rajamani
- Board of Governors, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew R Gross
- Board of Governors, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brooke E Hjelm
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Allen M Andres
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Board of Governors, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Birerdinc A, Stoddard S, Younossi ZM. The Stomach as an Endocrine Organ: Expression of Key Modulatory Genes and Their Contribution to Obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2018; 20:24. [PMID: 29675753 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-018-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is currently seen in epidemic proportions globally and is one of the largest contributors to the development of NAFLD. The spectrum of NAFLD, particularly the progressive forms of NASH, is likely to become the leading cause of liver disease in the next decade. RECENT FINDINGS Soluble molecules, encoded by the stomach tissue, have been shown to have pleiotropic effects in both central and peripheral systems involved in energy homeostasis and obesity regulation. As such, the stomach is one of the important players in the complex, multi-system deregulation leading to obesity and NAFLD. The understanding of the stomach tissue as an active endocrine organ that contributes to the signaling milieu leading to the development of obesity and NAFLD is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Birerdinc
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Sasha Stoddard
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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He C, Cheng D, Peng C, Li Y, Zhu Y, Lu N. High-Fat Diet Induces Dysbiosis of Gastric Microbiota Prior to Gut Microbiota in Association With Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29686654 PMCID: PMC5900050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic disorders are associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota. However, no study has explored the effect of HFD on the gastric microbiota. This study established the HFD animal model to determine the impact of HFD on the gastric microbiota and its relationship with the alterations of gut microbiota. A total of 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to receive a standard chow diet (CD) or HFD for 12 weeks (12CD group and 12HFD group) and 24 weeks (24CD group and 24HFD group) (n = 10 mice per group). Body weight and length were measured and Lee's index was calculated at different time points. The insulin sensitivity and serum levels of metabolic parameters including blood glucose, insulin and lipid were also evaluated. The gastric mucosa and fecal microbiota of mice were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The body weight was much heavier and the Lee's index was higher in 24HFD group than 12HFD. The insulin resistance and serum level of lipid were increased in 24HFD group compared to 12HFD, indicating the aggravation of metabolic disorders as HFD went on. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed dysbiosis of gastric microbiota with decreased community diversity while no significant alteration in gut microbiota after 12 weeks of HFD. The phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria tended to increase whereas Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia decrease in the gastric microbiota of 12HFD mice compared to 12CD. Moreover, a remarkable reduction of bacteria especially Akkermansia muciniphila, which has beneficial effects on host metabolism, was observed firstly in the stomach of 12HFD group and then in the gut of 24HFD group, indicating the earlier alterations of microbiota in stomach than gut after HFD. We also found structural segregation of microbiota in the stomach as well as gut between 12HFD and 24HFD group, which is accompanied by the aggregation of metabolic disorders. These data suggest that HFD affects not only gut microbiota but also gastric microbiota and the disruption of microbial ecosystem in the digestive tract may play a part in the development and progression of metabolic diseases although molecular mechanism requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Jiangxi Supervision and Inspection Center for Medical Devices, Nanchang, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Abstract
Taxonomic and functional changes to the composition of the gut microbiome have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Recent microbiome genome-wide association studies reveal that variants in many human genes involved in immunity and gut architecture are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiome. Although many factors can affect the microbial organisms residing in the gut, a number of recent findings support the hypothesis that certain host genetic variants predispose an individual towards microbiome dysbiosis. This condition, in which the normal microbiome population structure is disturbed, is a key feature in disorders of metabolism and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brantley Hall
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Andrew C Tolonen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Chen J, Chen L, Sanseau P, Freudenberg JM, Rajpal DK. Significant obesity-associated gene expression changes occur in the stomach but not intestines in obese mice. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12793. [PMID: 27207783 PMCID: PMC4886165 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract can have significant impact on the regulation of the whole‐body metabolism and may contribute to the development of obesity and diabetes. To systemically elucidate the role of the GI tract in obesity, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in different parts of the GI tract of two obese mouse models: ob/ob and high‐fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Compared to their lean controls, significant changes in the gene expression were observed in both obese mouse groups in the stomach (ob/ob: 959; HFD: 542). In addition, these changes were quantitatively much higher than in the intestine. Despite the difference in genetic background, the two mouse models shared 296 similar gene expression changes in the stomach. Among those genes, some had known associations to obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In addition, the gene expression profiles strongly suggested an increased gastric acid secretion in both obese mouse models, probably through an activation of the gastrin pathway. In conclusion, our data reveal a previously unknown dominant connection between the stomach and obesity in murine models extensively used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lihong Chen
- Enteroendocrinology DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Philippe Sanseau
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deepak K Rajpal
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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