1
|
Pleguezuelos E, Del Carmen A, Llorensi G, Carcole J, Casarramona P, Moreno E, Ortega P, Serra-Prat M, Palomera E, Miravitlles MM, Yebenes JC, Boixeda R, Campins L, Villelabeitia-Jaureguizar K, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Severe loss of mechanical efficiency in COVID-19 patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1056-1063. [PMID: 34102017 PMCID: PMC8242734 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information about the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the muscular dysfunction, despite the generalized weakness and fatigue that patients report after overcoming the acute phase of the infection. This study aimed to detect impaired muscle efficiency by evaluating delta efficiency (DE) in patients with COVID-19 compared with subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and control group (CG). METHODS A total of 60 participants were assigned to four experimental groups: COVID-19, COPD, IHD, and CG (n = 15 each group). Incremental exercise tests in a cycle ergometer were performed to obtain peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). DE was obtained from the end of the first workload to the power output where the respiratory exchange ratio was 1. RESULTS A lower DE was detected in patients with COVID-19 and COPD compared with those in CG (P ≤ 0.033). However, no significant differences were observed among the experimental groups with diseases (P > 0.05). Lower VO2 peak, peak ventilation, peak power output, and total exercise time were observed in the groups with diseases than in the CG (P < 0.05). A higher VO2 , ventilation, and power output were detected in the CG compared with those in the groups with diseases at the first and second ventilatory threshold (P < 0.05). A higher power output was detected in the IHD group compared with those in the COVID-19 and COPD groups (P < 0.05) at the first and second ventilatory thresholds and when the respiratory exchange ratio was 1. A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the VO2 peak and DE and between the peak power output and DE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 showed marked mechanical inefficiency similar to that observed in COPD and IHD patients. Patients with COVID-19 and COPD showed a significant decrease in power output compared to IHD during pedalling despite having similar response in VO2 at each intensity. Resistance training should be considered during the early phase of rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain.,Department of Experimental Science and Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amin Del Carmen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Gemma Llorensi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Jessica Carcole
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Paula Casarramona
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Eva Moreno
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospitalet General Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortega
- Pneumology Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc M Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Boixeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Mataró, CSDM, Mataró, Spain.,Grup d'Estudi al Maresme de la Pneumònia Adquirida en la Comunitat i la MPOC (GEMP@C), Mataró, Spain
| | - Lluis Campins
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de Mataró, CSdM, Mataró, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beier F, Löffler M, Nees F, Hausner L, Frölich L, Flor H. Promoting neuroplasticity and neuropsychological functioning in frailty through an app-based sensorimotor training: study protocol for a randomized trial. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:343. [PMID: 34082710 PMCID: PMC8173957 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is characterized by an age-related decline in multiple physiological systems, leading to a high vulnerability to stressors, adverse health outcomes, and low quality of life. Neuroscientific models of pathological aging emphasize the loss of sensorimotor stimulation and reduced neuromodulatory capacities as core processes in age-related cognitive and bodily decline, which may be associated with maladaptive plastic changes in the brain. We plan to increase sensorimotor stimulation in frail persons through a newly developed app-based training program and link the training trials to biological and psychological correlates of age-associated vulnerability and health indices. METHODS We will conduct a randomized trial, applying an app-based sensorimotor home training (N = 30) in people suffering from frailty. An app-based relaxation training will serve as an active control condition (N = 30). Both interventions will last for 90 days each. The sensorimotor training includes unimodal and multimodal sensory discrimination tasks in the visual, auditory, and tactile domain, as well as sensorimotor precision tasks. The tasks will be implemented using an adaptive training algorithm and enriched with motivational components embedded in a virtual training environment. We expect a pre-post reduction of frailty status and associated functional decline related to refinement of representational maps within the sensorimotor system and improved sensorimotor function such as extremity function. Secondary analyses will study the influence of BDNF genotype as moderating variable. Additional outcomes will include measures of perceptual and cognitive functioning, quality of life as well as BDNF serum levels. Measurements will take place before training (baseline), after 60 days (assessment 1), and at the end of the training after 90 days (assessment 2). DISCUSSION In our randomized trial, we aim to characterize a multidimensional concept of frailty and to target maladaptive behaviors and neuroplasticity using an app-based sensorimotor training. This type of intervention might provide further knowledge and new possibilities for preventing decline and preserving function in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03666039 . Registered 11 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered. Protocol version: Version 4 revised (issue date: 19 May 2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beier
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Löffler
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Herda AA, Smith-Ryan AE, Kendall KL, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Evaluation of High-Intensity Interval Training and Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Efficiency of Electrical Activity and Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1535-1541. [PMID: 34027920 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Herda, AA, Smith-Ryan, AE, Kendall, KL, Cramer, JT, and Stout, JR. Evaluation of high-intensity interval training and beta-alanine supplementation on efficiency of electrical activity and electromyographic fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1535-1541, 2021-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with or without β-alanine (BA) supplementation on the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) and efficiency of electrical activity (EEA) in young women. Forty-four women (mean ± SD; age [yrs]: 21.7 ± 3.7; height [cm]: 166.3 ± 6.4; body mass [kg]: 66.1 ± 10.3) were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups. The supplement groups performed HIIT on the cycle ergometer 3 times·wk-1 for 6 weeks. Electromyographic fatigue threshold and EEA were assessed at baseline (PRE), after 3 weeks of training (MID), and after 6 weeks of HIIT (POST). Two 2-way mixed factorial analyses of variance (time [PRE vs. MID vs. POST] × treatment (BA vs. PL vs. CON)] were used to analyze EMGFT and EEA with a predetermined level of significance α of 0.05. For EMGFT, there was no interaction (p = 0.26) and no main effect for time (p = 0.28) nor treatment (p = 0.86); thus, there were no changes in EMGFT regardless of training or supplementation status. For EEA, there was no interaction (p = 0.70) nor treatment (p = 0.79); however, there was a main effect for time (p < 0.01). Our findings indicated that neither training nor supplementation was effective in improving EMGFT in women. Efficiency of electrical activity was altered, potentially because of a learning effect. Coaches and practitioners may not use these tests to monitor training status; however, they may find EEA as a useful tool to track cycling efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas-Edwards Campus, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristina L Kendall
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA, Australia
| | - Joel T Cramer
- Department of Kinesiology College of Health Sciences, University of Texas-El Paso, El Paso, Texas; and
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Exercise Physiology & Rehabilitation Science and Kinesiology Units School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alarcón-Gómez J, Martin Rivera F, Madera J, Chulvi-Medrano I. Effect of a HIIT protocol on the lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance in a sedentary type 1 diabetes mellitus population: a pilot study. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10510. [PMID: 33391875 PMCID: PMC7759140 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations. Methods A total of 19 diagnosed T1DM subjects were randomly assigned to HIIT group (n = 11; 6-week HIIT protocol) or Control group (n = 8; no treatment). Lower limb strength was evaluated through velocity execution in squat with three different overloads. Weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) was performed to test ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and Y-Balance test (YBT) was the test conducted to analyze dynamic balance performance. Results Velocity in squat improved a 11.3%, 9.4% and 10.1% (p < 0.05) with the 50%, 60% and 70% of their own body mass overload respectively, WBLT performance increased a 10.43% in the right limb and 15.45% in the left limb. YBT showed improvements in all directions (right limb-left limb): Anterior (4.3–6.1%), Posteromedial (1.8–5.2%) and Posterolateral (3.4–4.5%) in HIIT group (p < 0.05), unlike control group that did not experience any significant change in any of the variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion A 6-week HIIT program is safe and effective to improve execution velocity in squat movement, a fundamental skill in daily living activities, as well as ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance to reduce foot ulcers, risk falls and functional impairments. HIIT seems an efficient and safety training methodology not only for overcome T1DM barriers for exercising but also for improving functional capacities in T1DM people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alarcón-Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin Rivera
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Madera
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of performance and health indicators between perimenopausal and postmenopausal obese women: the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:50-57. [PMID: 32898025 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on performance and health indicators in obese perimenopausal (PERIM) women and similarly aged and older postmenopausal women (POSTM1 and POSTM2, respectively). METHODS Sixteen PERIM women (average age 49.6 y), 21 POSTM1 women (average age 50.6 y), and 19 POSTM2 women (average age 69.6 y) completed a 6-week HIIT intervention. Anthropometric parameters, mechanical efficiency (ME in %), lipid oxidation (LO in %), and low and high spectral frequencies (LF[ms2] and HF[ms2]) were computed pre- and postintervention. RESULTS PERIM women showed a significantly higher VO2max preintervention compared to POSTM1 and 2 (P < 0.01). Moreover, HF, LF, and the LF/HF ratio differed significantly in PERIM women preintervention compared to POSTM1 and 2 (P < 0.01, respectively). After 6 weeks, a significant decrease in anthropometric variables was observed for all groups (P < 0.01). The VO2max in mL/kg/min increased for all groups (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that age contributed significantly to differences in VO2max values between groups preintervention (r = 0.72). This model accounted for 34% (r2 = 0.34) of the variation. On the other hand, menopause status was an independent predictor of LO, accounting for 38% of the variation, as well as of HF (33%), LF (29%), and the LF/HF ratio (24%). After HIIT, no age or menopause effect was detected for these independent variables. CONCLUSIONS Maximal oxygen consumption, HF, LF, and the LF/HF ratio differ among women according to the menopausal status and age. A 6-week HIIT intervention improved many health and performance parameters and reduced the effects of menopause and age.
Collapse
|
6
|
Da Silva MAR, Baptista LC, Neves RS, De França E, Loureiro H, Lira FS, Caperuto EC, Veríssimo MT, Martins RA. The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:572. [PMID: 32595518 PMCID: PMC7300209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are several knowledge gaps on how to properly prescribe concurrent training to achieve the best dose-response, especially regarding the optimal intensity or volume of the aerobic component. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise modes and intensities [i.e. aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) combined with a resistance training (RT) program] on metabolic outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-nine men and women (67.0 ± 6.7 years) volunteered to a 12-weeks exercise intervention (3 week–1, 50 min/session) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) RT plus MICT (RT+MICT) (2 males; 11 females); (b) RT plus HIIT (RT+HIIT) (4 males; 9 females); and (c) control group (CON) – without formal exercise (4 males; 9 females). Intensity was established between 60 and 70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) in RT+MICT and ranged from 55–65% to 80–90% HRmax in the RT+HIIT group. Dependent outcomes included morphological, metabolic and hemodynamic variables. Both training groups improved waist circumference (RT+MICT: P = 0.019; RT+HIIT: P = 0.003), but not body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass (P ≥ 0.114). RT+HIIT group improved fasting glucose (P = 0.014), low density lipoprotein [LDL (P = 0.022)], insulin (P = 0.034) and homeostatic model assessment (P = 0.028). RT+MICT group reduced triglycerides (P = 0.053). Both exercise interventions did not change high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure (P ≥ 0.05). The CON group reduced the LDL (P = 0.031). This trial suggests that short-term exercise mode and intensity may differently impact the metabolic profile of individuals with MetS. Further, our data suggests that both concurrent trainings promote important cardiometabolic gains, particularly in the RT+HIIT. Nonetheless, due to the small-to-moderate effect size and the short-term intervention length, our data suggests that the intervention length also has an important modulating role in these benefits in older adults with MetS. Therefore, more research is needed to confirm our results using longer exercise interventions and larger groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio R Da Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Liliana C Baptista
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rafael S Neves
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elias De França
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Loureiro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,School of Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel T Veríssimo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raul A Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tavoian D, Russ DW, Law TD, Simon JE, Chase PJ, Guseman EH, Clark BC. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: Protocol for the DART Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:236. [PMID: 31750307 PMCID: PMC6842975 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related declines in physical function lead to decreased independence and higher healthcare costs. Individuals who meet the endurance and resistance exercise recommendations can improve their physical function and overall fitness, even into their ninth decade. However, most older adults do not exercise regularly, and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise, and in doing so are not getting the benefits of endurance or resistance exercise. Herein we present the study protocol for a randomized clinical trial that will investigate the potential for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to improve maximal oxygen consumption, muscular power, and muscle volume (primary outcomes), as well as body composition, 6-min walk distance, and muscular strength and endurance (secondary outcomes). Methods and Analysis: This is a single-site, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. A minimum of 24 and maximum of 30 subjects aged 60-75 that are generally healthy but insufficiently active will be randomized. After completion of baseline assessments, participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to participate in one of three 12-week exercise programs: stationary bicycle HIIT, stationary bicycle moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), or resistance training. Repeat assessments will be taken immediately post intervention. Discussion: This study will examine the potential for stationary bicycle HIIT to result in both cardiorespiratory and muscular adaptations in older adults. The results will provide important insights into the effectiveness of interval training, and potentially support a shift from volume-driven to intensity-driven exercise strategies for older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03978572, date of registration June 7, 2019).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Tavoian
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - David W Russ
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Laboratory for Integrative Muscle Biology, Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Timothy D Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Janet E Simon
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Paul J Chase
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Emily Hill Guseman
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Risk of Falls in Healthy Older Adults: Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Training Using Lower Body Suspension Exercises. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:325-333. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Buto MSS, Fiogbé E, Vassimon-Barroso V, Rossi PG, Farche AC, Carnavale BF, Takahashi AC. Pre-Frail Multicomponent Training Intervention project for complexity of biological signals, functional capacity and cognition improvement in pre-frail older adults: A blinded randomized controlled study protocol. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:684-689. [PMID: 31025449 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Frailty syndrome is related to decreased physiological complexity, functional capacity and cognition. Physical exercise has been suggested to slow down and reverse this syndrome. However, evidence of its effectiveness is not as straightforward as conventionally admitted, as there is a lack of trials with rigorous methodology. The purpose of this study was to describe the Pre-Frail Multicomponent Training Intervention protocol. METHODS Cardiovascular, motor control and neuromuscular systems of pre-frail older adults will be assessed by measuring the complexity of the output of these systems. Functional capacity and cognition will be assessed by specific tools. A 16-week training protocol will be carried out on three alternate days, with 60-min sessions, and combining aerobic, muscle strength, flexibility and balance exercises. The objective of this intervention is to improve the cardiovascular, motor control and neuromuscular systems, as well as functional capacity and cognition of pre-frail older adults. The assessment of these systems will be carried out using gold standard devices. RESULTS The results of the present study might allow clinical and functional support for the evaluation of the variables analyzed. CONCLUSION This protocol is easily reproducible and requires low-cost materials, thus the Pre-Frail Multicomponent Training Intervention could be a therapeutic strategy for pre-frail older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 684-689.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcele S S Buto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Elie Fiogbé
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo G Rossi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cs Farche
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Carnavale
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anielle Cm Takahashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jabbour G, Majed L. Mechanical Efficiency at Different Exercise Intensities Among Adolescent Boys With Different Body Fat Levels. Front Physiol 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 30930799 PMCID: PMC6428771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanical efficiency (ME) and associated factors in obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescent boys during incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion. Forty-five sedentary adolescent boys (13–14 years old) were separated in three groups according to the percentage of fat mass as follows: 15 normal-weight (NW) (body fat: 16.0 ± 1.9%), 15 overweight (OW) (body fat: 24.0 ± 1.6%), and 15 obese (OB) (body fat: 31.0 ± 3.0%). All groups completed an incremental cycle exercise to exhaustion in which energy consumption (E, W), ME (%), lipid oxidation rate (LO, %), plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were determined consecutively at rest and at three intensity levels corresponding to 50 and 75% of each participant’s maximal heart rate (50%HRmax and 75%HRmax) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak). During the incremental cycle exercise test, plasma epinephrine, and norepinephrine responses as well as ME determined at 50%HRmax, 75%HRmax, and at VO2peak stages were significantly lower in OB compared to NW and OW individuals (ps < 0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that body weight (ß = -0.64, p < 0.001), energy consumption (ß = -0.24, p < 0.05) and lipid oxidation (ß = 0.69, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of ME at 50%HRmax. However, at 75%HRmax and V˙O2peak, significant predictors of ME were epinephrine (ß = 0.34, ß = 0.49, respectively, ps = 0.01), norepinephrine (ß = 0.26, ß = 0.60, respectively, ps < 0.05) and power output (ß = 0.62, ß = 0.71, respectively, ps < 0.01). These findings suggest that excess in body weight exerts a negative effect on ME at a low intensity by increasing energy consumption for obese and overweight adolescent boys, while at higher intensities (75%HRmax and VO2peak) the lower ME could be better explained by the lower power output and catecholamine responses that were attenuated among obese and overweight adolescent boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jabbour
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Majed
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rivera-Torres S, Fahey TD, Rivera MA. Adherence to Exercise Programs in Older Adults: Informative Report. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721418823604. [PMID: 30733977 PMCID: PMC6343518 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418823604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This informative report focuses on filling information gaps regarding adherence to physical activity and exercise in the health care spectrum of older adults (OA) and an overview of the benefits of physical activity for OA. Healthy People 2000, 2010, and 2020 are public health programs from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that set national goals and objectives for promoting health and preventing disease. The programs include 10 leading health indicators that reflect major health problems, which concern OA. Exercise and physical activity are among the most important factors affecting health and longevity, but exercise adherence is a significant hindrance in achieving health goals in the OA. Exercise adherence in OA is a multifactorial problem encompassing many biopsychosocial factors. Factors affecting adherence in the OA include socioeconomic status, education level, living arrangements, health status, pacemakers, physical fitness, and depression. Improving adherence could have a significant impact on longevity, quality of life, and health care costs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosenbaum M, Heaner M, Goldsmith RL, Christian Schulze P, Shukla A, Shen W, Shane EJ, Naor E, Leibel RL, Aronne LJ. Resistance Training Reduces Skeletal Muscle Work Efficiency in Weight-Reduced and Non-Weight-Reduced Subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1576-1583. [PMID: 30260099 PMCID: PMC6905638 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine whether resistance training is similarly effective in reducing skeletal muscle efficiency and increasing strength in weight-reduced and maximal weight subjects. METHODS This study examined the effects of supervised resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in 14 individuals with overweight and obesity sustaining a 10% or greater weight loss for over 6 months and a phenotypically similar group of 15 subjects who had not reduced weight and were weight stable at their maximal lifetime body weight. We assessed skeletal muscle work efficiency and fuel utilization (bicycle ergometry), strength (dynamometry), body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), and resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) before and after 12 weeks of thrice-weekly resistance training. RESULTS Non-weight-reduced subjects were significantly (10%-20%) stronger before and after the intervention than reduced-weight subjects and gained significantly more fat-free mass with a greater decline in percentage of body fat than weight-reduced subjects. Resistance training resulted in similar significant decreases (~10%) in skeletal muscle work efficiency at low-level exercise and ~10% to 20% increases in leg strength in both weight-reduced and non-weight-reduced subjects. CONCLUSIONS Resistance training similarly increases muscle strength and decreases efficiency regardless of weight loss history. Increased resistance training could be an effective adjunct to reduced-weight maintenance therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martica Heaner
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rochelle L Goldsmith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alpana Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, New York Weill Cornell Medical Center Comprehensive Weight Control Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and the Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia , University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elinor Naor
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Louis J Aronne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, New York Weill Cornell Medical Center Comprehensive Weight Control Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
da Silva CR, Santana PV, Mendes PC, Saraiva B, da Silva Lima A, Leite RD, Tibana RA, Carvalho WRG, Navalta JW, Prestes J, Pereira GB. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory acute responses to fasting versus feeding during high-intensity interval training. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
14
|
Villelabeitia-Jaureguizar K, Vicente-Campos D, Berenguel Senen A, Hernández Jiménez V, Ruiz Bautista L, Barrios Garrido-Lestache ME, López Chicharro J. Mechanical efficiency of high versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise in coronary heart disease patients: A randomized clinical trial. Cardiol J 2018; 26:130-137. [PMID: 29745970 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical efficiency (ME) refers to the ability of an individual to transfer energy consumed by external work. A decreased ME, could represent an increased energy cost during exercise and may, therefore, be limited in terms of physical activity. This study aimed to compare the influence of two different exercise protocols: moderate continuous training (MCT) versus high intensity interval training (HIIT), as part of a cardiac rehabilitation program on ME values among coronary patients. METHODS One hundred and ten coronary patients were assigned to either HIIT or MCT groups for 8 weeks. Incremental exercise tests in a cycle ergometer were performed to obtain VO2peak. Net energy expenditure (EE) and ME were obtained at intensities corresponding to the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and at VO2peak. RESULTS Both exercise programs significantly increase VO2peak with a higher increase in the HIIT group (2.96 ± 2.33 mL/kg/min vs. 3.88 ± 2.40 mL/kg/min, for patients of the MCT and HIIT groups, respectively, p < 0.001). The ME at VO2peak and VT2 only significantly increased in the HIIT group. At VT1, ME significantly increased in both groups, with a greater increase in the HIIT group (2.20 ± ± 6.25% vs. 5.52 ± 5.53%, for patients of the MCT and HIIT groups, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The application of HIIT to patients with chronic ischemic heart disease of low risk re- sulted in a greater improvement in VO2peak and in ME at VT1, than when MCT was applied. Moreover, only the application of HIIT brought about a significant increase in ME at VT2 and at VO2peak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davinia Vicente-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Polideportivo, Ctra. M-515 Pozuelo-Majadahonda km.1,800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jabbour G, Iancu H, Zouhal H, Mauriège P, Joanisse DR, Martin LJ. High-intensity interval training improves acute plasma volume responses to exercise that is age dependent. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13609. [PMID: 29464883 PMCID: PMC5820462 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma volume (PV) is affected by several factors including age, physical training and, acutely, by exercise intensity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on PV and blood pressure (BP) changes among sedentary individuals. Thirty subjects aged between 18 and 71 years [body mass index=30.1(1.2) kg/m2 ] completed a 6-weeks HIT program. Anthropometric and fitness variables were obtained at pre- and post- HIT. PV variations during warm-up and after supramaximal cycling test (SCT) were calculated using two methods based on Hematocrit (Ht) and Hemoglobin (Hb) measures. After both the warm-up and SCT, PV decreased significantly among participants at pre- and at post-HIT (P < 0.01). However, PV decreases were significantly greater at pre-HIT compared with post-HIT during warm-up and after SCT (P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, at pre-HIT, a positive relationship was found between age and both PV variations at warm-up and after SCT (r2 = 0.55 and r2 = 0.46; P < 0.01 respectively). However, no relationship was found during the post-HIT period. After SCT and after both visits, only body weight predicted 22% of PV variations. In the current study, a significant relationship was found between systolic and diastolic BP improvements and PV variations in post-HIT (r2 = 0.54 and r2 =0.56, P < 0.05, respectively). Our results suggest that HIT may improve PV values and reduce the effects of age on the decrease in PV. These interventions led to improvements in systolic and diastolic BP values among participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jabbour
- Sport Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Horia‐Daniel Iancu
- School of Kinesiology and LeisureFaculty of Health Sciences and Community ServicesUniversité de MonctonMonctonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement Sport and Health Sciences (M2S)UFR‐STAPSUniversity of Rennes 2RennesFrance
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Centre de Recherche de l'InstitutUniversitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébecCanada
- Département de kinésiologieFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Denis R. Joanisse
- Centre de Recherche de l'InstitutUniversitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébecCanada
- Département de kinésiologieFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Luc J. Martin
- Département de BiologieUniversité de MonctonMonctonNew BrunswickCanada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jabbour G, Iancu HD, Mauriège P, Joanisse DR, Martin LJ. High-intensity interval training improves performance in young and older individuals by increasing mechanical efficiency. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13232. [PMID: 28381445 PMCID: PMC5392519 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of 6 weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on mechanical efficiency (ME) in young and older groups. Seventeen healthy young adults [26.2(2.4) year], and thirteen healthy older adults [54.5(2.3) year] completed a 6‐week HIIT intervention (three sessions per week) on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Each HIIT session contained six repetitions of supramaximal exercise intervals (6 seconds each) with 2 min of passive recovery between each repetition. ME (%) were computed in net terms across stages corresponding to ventilator thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) and at 100% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of an incremental maximal cycling test. After 6 weeks, the ME values did not differ between the two groups and were significantly higher than the ones at baseline (P < 0.01). In this study, the multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated the increases in maximal power (Pmax) contributed significantly to ME increases over 6 weeks at VT1, VT2 and at 100% of VO2max. This model accounted respectively for 28, 38, and 42%, of the increases. In older adults, ME determined during incremental maximal cycling test increases at VT1, VT2 and at 100% over 6‐week HIIT intervention, and the increment appeared to be related to increases in Pmax. HIIT can be recommended as a strategy aimed at improving muscle efficiency among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jabbour
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Horia-Daniel Iancu
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | | | - Luc J Martin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| |
Collapse
|