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Liu X, Hua L, Chu J, Zhou W, Jiang F, Wang L, Xu F, Liu M, Shi J, Xue G. Endothelial dysfunction and disease severity in COVID-19: Insights from circulating Tang cell counts as a potential biomarker. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111788. [PMID: 38447419 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endothelial dysfunction is a common risk factor of severe COVID-19. Angiogenic T cells (Tang cells) play a critical role in repairing endothelial injury; however, their changes and potential roles in COVID-19 remain unclear. We aimed to assess Tang cell counts in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate their association with disease severity and prognosis. METHODS Circulating Tang cell populations in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls were quantified using flow cytometry. Demographic and routine laboratory data were recorded. RESULTS The Tang cell count decreased significantly with increasing disease severity and were lowest in fatal cases. Additionally, the Tang cell count was significantly decreased in patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Tang cell counts were negatively correlated with inflammatory markers, kidney and myocardial injury markers, coagulation dysfunction indicators, and viral load and positively correlated with oxidative stress markers, nutritional markers, and lymphocytes. Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that Tang cell count could serve as a potential biomarker for predicting disease severity and patient mortality. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Tang cell count is significantly reduced in patients with COVID-19 and is correlated with disease severity and prognosis. The Tang cell count is an important potential biomarker for COVID-19 clinical management. Additionally, these findings provide insight into the pathological features of COVID-19 endothelial injury and provide new directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Jinshen Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Fangtinghui Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Fanglin Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Mingjiao Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Jianbang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China.
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Karaselek MA, Kuccukturk S, Duran T. Effect of intensive training on immune system cells in elite female weightlifters. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 70:e20230778. [PMID: 38126450 PMCID: PMC10729671 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of intense weightlifting training on lymphocyte and natural killer cell subgroups, which are the major cells of the immune system, in elite female weightlifters. METHODS A total of 20 elite female weightlifters were evaluated using flow cytometry before training (pre-T), immediately after training (post-T), and after a 120-min rest period (rest-T). RESULTS Post-T and rest-T showed significant decreases in helper T (Th) and cytotoxic T compared with pre-T (p=0.045, p<0.001 and p=0.05, p<0.001, respectively). B and natural killer cells were higher in post-T and rest-T than in pre-T. The increase in B cells was significant in pre-T/rest-T (p<0.001) but not in pre-T/post-T (p=0.122). Intense training significantly increased natural killer cells in both post-T and rest-T (p<0.001). CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer cell subgroups were significantly lower in post-T and rest-T than in pre-T (p=0.005, p=0.006 and p<0.001, p=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION This study shows that intense weightlifting alters peripheral lymphocyte and natural killer subgroup ratios, being the first investigation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Karaselek
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine – Konya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kuccukturk
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology – Karaman, Turkey
| | - Tugce Duran
- KTO Karatay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic – Konya, Turkey
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Pax7 + Satellite Cells in Human Skeletal Muscle After Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:457-480. [PMID: 36266373 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle has extraordinary regenerative capabilities against challenge, mainly owing to its resident muscle stem cells, commonly identified by Pax7+, which expediently donate nuclei to the regenerating multinucleated myofibers. This local reserve of stem cells in damaged muscle tissues is replenished by undifferentiated bone marrow stem cells (CD34+) permeating into the surrounding vascular system. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to provide a quantitative estimate for the changes in Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) in humans following an acute bout of exercise until 96 h, in temporal relation to circulating CD34+ bone marrow stem cells. A subgroup analysis of age was also performed. METHODS Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and BASE) were used for the literature search until February 2022. Pax7+ cells in human skeletal muscle were the primary outcome. Circulating CD34+ cells were the secondary outcome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the influence of age, training status, type of exercise, and follow-up time after exercise. RESULTS The final search identified 20 studies for Pax7+ cells comprising a total of 370 participants between the average age of 21 and 74 years and 26 studies for circulating CD34+ bone marrow stem cells comprising 494 participants between the average age of 21 and 67 years. Only one study assessed Pax7+ cells immediately after aerobic exercise and showed a 32% reduction in exercising muscle followed by a fast repletion to pre-exercise level within 3 h. A large effect on increasing Pax7+ cell content in skeletal muscles was observed 24 h after resistance exercise (SMD = 0.89, p < 0.001). Pax7+ cells increased to ~ 50% above pre-exercise level 24-72 h after resistance exercise. For a subgroup analysis of age, a large effect (SMD = 0.81, p < 0.001) was observed on increasing Pax7+ cells in exercised muscle among adults aged > 50 years, whereas adults at younger age presented a medium effect (SMD = 0.64, p < 0.001). Both resistance exercise and aerobic exercise showed a medium overall effect in increasing circulating CD34+ cells (SMD = 0.53, p < 0.001), which declined quickly to the pre-exercise baseline level after exercise within 6 h. CONCLUSIONS An immediate depletion of Pax7+ cells in exercising skeletal muscle concurrent with a transient release of CD34+ cells suggest a replenishment of the local stem cell reserve from bone marrow. A protracted Pax7+ cell expansion in the muscle can be observed during 24-72 h after resistance exercise. This result provides a scientific basis for exercise recommendations on weekly cycles allowing for adequate recovery time. Exercise-induced Pax7+ cell expansion in muscle remains significant at higher age, despite a lower stem cell reserve after age 50 years. More studies are required to confirm whether Pax7+ cell increment can occur after aerobic exercise. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [identification code CRD42021265457].
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Ross M, Kargl CK, Ferguson R, Gavin TP, Hellsten Y. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis: impact of age, sex, angiocrines and cellular mediators. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6. [PMID: 36715739 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis is a well-known physiological adaptation that occurs in humans in response to exercise training and can lead to endurance performance benefits, as well as improvements in cardiovascular and skeletal tissue health. An increase in capillary density in skeletal muscle improves diffusive oxygen exchange and waste extraction, and thus greater fatigue resistance, which has application to athletes but also to the general population. Exercise-induced angiogenesis can significantly contribute to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health, such as the increase in muscle glucose uptake, important for the prevention of diabetes. Recently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which angiogenesis occurs with exercise has grown substantially. This review will detail the biochemical, cellular and biomechanical signals for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis, including recent work on extracellular vesicles and circulating angiogenic cells. In addition, the influence of age, sex, exercise intensity/duration, as well as recent observations with the use of blood flow restricted exercise, will also be discussed in detail. This review will provide academics and practitioners with mechanistic and applied evidence for optimising training interventions to promote physical performance through manipulating capillarisation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ross
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Richard Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Donovan T, Bain AL, Tu W, Pyne DB, Rao S. Influence of Exercise on Exhausted and Senescent T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668327. [PMID: 34489717 PMCID: PMC8417807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired effector function of exhausted and senescent T cells is implicated in cancer progression and inadequate vaccine responses. Exercise has been shown to improve cancer therapy and vaccine efficacy, most likely by improving immune function. However, given inconsistent terminology and definitions, the interactions between exercise and exhausted and senescent T cells remain unclear. We therefore performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of exercise on senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cell populations clearly defined by protein surface markers. Thirty articles were included, with the majority (n = 24) reporting senescent T cell populations defined according to a variety of surface markers. Repeated exercise was shown to be beneficial through limiting the accumulation of senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cells. This outcome is likely related to exercise-induced preferential mobilization of senescent T cells promoting apoptosis in the peripheral blood compartment. Future studies need to determine the clinical relevance of this effect in cancer prevention and vaccine efficacy. Data regarding exercise and exhausted T cells are limited due to a lack of available high-quality studies. Future studies require the control of confounding variables such as sex and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, and consistent definitions of exhausted and senescent T cell populations to improve comparisons between studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomasina Donovan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Rodriguez IJ, Lalinde Ruiz N, Llano León M, Martínez Enríquez L, Montilla Velásquez MDP, Ortiz Aguirre JP, Rodríguez Bohórquez OM, Velandia Vargas EA, Hernández ED, Parra López CA. Immunosenescence Study of T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604591. [PMID: 33519813 PMCID: PMC7843425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is accompanied by alterations in immune response which leads to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders. This decline in immune function is termed as immunosenescence; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Experimental approaches of adaptive immunity, particularly for T cells, have been the main focus of immunosenescence research. This systematic review evaluates and discusses T cell markers implicated in immunosenescence. Objective To determine the best flow cytometry markers of circulating T cells associated with immunosenescence. Methods We systematically queried PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BVS databases for original articles focused on two age groups of healthy humans: 18–44 (young adults) and >60 (older adults) years. In accordance with the Cochrane methodology, we synthesized data through qualitative descriptions and quantitative random effects meta-analysis due to extensive heterogeneity. Results A total of 36 studies conducted in the last 20 years were included for the qualitative analysis and four out of these studies were used to perform the meta-analysis. A significant decrease in naïve T cell subset was observed in older adults compared to young adults. Primary markers used to identify senescent cells were loss of CD28 and increased expression of CD57 and KLRG1 in terminally-differentiated memory T cell subset in older adults. Moreover, we observed an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and decrease in telomere length in old adult T cells. It was not possible to perform quantitative synthesis on cell markers, cytokines, and telomere length because of the significant variations between the groups, which is attributed to differences in protocols and unreported measurements, thus generating a high risk of bias. Conclusions Heterogeneity among studies in terms of data report, measurement techniques and high risk of bias were major impediments for performing a robust statistical analysis that could aid the identification of eligible flow cytometry markers of immunosenescence phenotype in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Johanna Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Lalinde Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela Llano León
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Martínez Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Pablo Ortiz Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Esteban Alejandro Velandia Vargas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Debray Hernández
- Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Parra López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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O'Carroll L, Wardrop B, Murphy RP, Ross MD, Harrison M. Circulating angiogenic cell response to sprint interval and continuous exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:743-752. [PMID: 30673849 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although commonly understood as immune cells, certain T lymphocyte and monocyte subsets have angiogenic potential, contributing to blood vessel growth and repair. These cells are highly exercise responsive and may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits seen with exercise. PURPOSE To compare the effects of a single bout of continuous (CONTEX) and sprint interval exercise (SPRINT) on circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) in healthy recreationally active adults. METHODS Twelve participants (aged 29 ± 2 years, BMI 25.5 ± 0.9 kg m- 2, [Formula: see text]peak 44.3 ± 1.8 ml kg- 1 min- 1; mean ± SEM) participated in the study. Participants completed a 45-min bout of CONTEX at 70% peak oxygen uptake and 6 × 20 s sprints on a cycle ergometer, in a counterbalanced design. Blood was sampled pre-, post-, 2 h and 24 h post-exercise for quantification of CAC subsets by whole blood flow cytometric analysis. Angiogenic T lymphocytes (TANG) and angiogenic Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) were identified by the expression of CD31 and Tie2, respectively. RESULTS Circulating (cells µL- 1) CD3+CD31+ TANG increased immediately post-exercise in both trials (p < 0.05), with a significantly greater increase (p < 0.05) following SPRINT (+ 57%) compared to CONTEX (+ 14%). Exercise increased (p < 0.05) the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on TANG at 24 h. Tie2-expressing classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes and circulating CD34+CD45dim progenitor cells were higher post-exercise in SPRINT, but unchanged in CONTEX. All post-exercise increases in SPRINT were back to pre-exercise levels at 2 h and 24 h. CONCLUSION Acute exercise transiently increases circulating TANG, TEM and progenitor cells with greater increases evident following very high intensity sprint exercise than following prolonged continuous paced endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis O'Carroll
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Bruce Wardrop
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ronan P Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark D Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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