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Görgülü I, Jagannath V, Pons S, Koniuszewski F, Groszer M, Maskos U, Huck S, Scholze P. The human-specific nicotinic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A reduces α7 receptor function in human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived and transgenic mouse neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39073048 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the human-specific gene CHRFAM7A on the function of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) in two different types of neurons: human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons, and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, taken from transgenic mice expressing CHRFAM7A. dupα7, the gene product of CHRFAM7A, which lacks a major part of the extracellular N-terminal ligand-binding domain, co-assembles with α7, the gene product of CHRNA7. We assessed the receptor function in hiPSC-derived cortical and SCG neurons with Fura-2 calcium imaging and three different α7-specific ligands: PNU282987, choline, and 4BP-TQS. Given the short-lived open state of α7 receptors, we combined the two orthosteric agonists PNU282987 and choline with the type-2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM II) PNU120596. In line with different cellular models used previously, we demonstrate that CHRFAM7A has a major impact on nicotinic α7 nAChRs by reducing calcium transients in response to all three agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Görgülü
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vinita Jagannath
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
- MSD R&D Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Pons
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Filip Koniuszewski
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Groszer
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Sigismund Huck
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Wedn AM, El-Bassossy HM, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Modulation of preeclampsia by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114703. [PMID: 34324867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is vital for the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses under normal and challenged conditions. Over the past two decades, peripheral and central circuits of CAP have been shown to be critically involved in dampening the inflammatory reaction in a wide array of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence supports a key role for CAP in the regulation of the female reproductive system during gestation as well as in the advent of serious pregnancy-related inflammatory insults such as preeclampsia (PE). Within this framework, the modulatory action of CAP encompasses the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse consequences that surface due to antenatal PE programming. Albeit, a considerable gap still exists in our knowledge of the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of PE/CAP interaction, which hampered global efforts in safeguarding effective preventive or therapeutic measures against PE complications. Here, we summarize reports in the literature regarding the roles of peripheral and reflex cholinergic neuroinflammatory pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in reprogramming PE complications in mothers and their progenies. The possible contributions of α7-nAChRs, cholinesterases, immune cells, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction to the interaction have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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3
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Paguigan ND, Tun JO, Leavitt LS, Lin Z, Chase K, Dowell C, Deering-Rice CE, Lim AL, Karthikeyan M, Hughen RW, Zhang J, Peterson RT, Reilly CA, Light AR, Raghuraman S, McIntosh JM, Olivera BM, Schmidt EW. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Antagonist Polyamides from Tunicates and Their Predatory Sea Slugs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2693-2704. [PMID: 34213884 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to discover new drugs to treat pain, we identified molleamines A-E (1-5) as major neuroactive components of the sea slug, Pleurobranchus forskalii, and their prey, Didemnum molle, tunicates. The chemical structures of molleamines were elucidated by spectroscopy and confirmed by the total synthesis of molleamines A (1) and C (3). Synthetic 3 completely blocked acetylcholine-induced calcium flux in peptidergic nociceptors (PNs) in the somatosensory nervous system. Compound 3 affected neither the α7 nAChR nor the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in calcium flux assays. In addition to nociceptors, 3 partially blocked the acetylcholine-induced calcium flux in the sympathetic nervous system, including neurons from the superior cervical ganglion. Electrophysiology revealed a block of α3β4 (mouse) and α6/α3β4 (rat) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with IC50 values of 1.4 and 3.1 μM, respectively. Molleamine C (3) is a partial antagonist, reaching a maximum block of 76-82% of the acetylcholine signal and showing no partial agonist response. Molleamine C (3) may thus provide a lead compound for the development of neuroactive compounds with unique biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi D. Paguigan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jortan O. Tun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lee S. Leavitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Chase
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cheryl Dowell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Albebson L. Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Manju Karthikeyan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ronald W. Hughen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher A. Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alan R. Light
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shrinivasan Raghuraman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - J. Michael McIntosh
- Department of Psychiatry, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- George E Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, United States
| | - Baldomero M. Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. Loss of Cervical Sympathetic Chain Input to the Superior Cervical Ganglia Affects the Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxic Challenge in Freely-Moving C57BL6 Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:619688. [PMID: 33967819 PMCID: PMC8100345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.619688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) innervates post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons within the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of all mammalian species studied to date. The post-ganglionic neurons within the SCG project to a wide variety of structures, including the brain (parenchyma and cerebral arteries), upper airway (e.g., nasopharynx and tongue) and submandibular glands. The SCG also sends post-ganglionic fibers to the carotid body (e.g., chemosensitive glomus cells and microcirculation), however, the function of these connections are not established in the mouse. In addition, nothing is known about the functional importance of the CSC-SCG complex (including input to the carotid body) in the mouse. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of bilateral transection of the CSC on the ventilatory responses [e.g., increases in frequency of breathing (Freq), tidal volume (TV) and minute ventilation (MV)] that occur during and following exposure to a hypoxic gas challenge (10% O2 and 90% N2) in freely-moving sham-operated (SHAM) adult male C57BL6 mice, and in mice in which both CSC were transected (CSCX). Resting ventilatory parameters (19 directly recorded or calculated parameters) were similar in the SHAM and CSCX mice. There were numerous important differences in the responses of CSCX and SHAM mice to the hypoxic challenge. For example, the increases in Freq (and associated decreases in inspiratory and expiratory times, end expiratory pause, and relaxation time), and the increases in MV, expiratory drive, and expiratory flow at 50% exhaled TV (EF50) occurred more quickly in the CSCX mice than in the SHAM mice, although the overall responses were similar in both groups. Moreover, the initial and total increases in peak inspiratory flow were higher in the CSCX mice. Additionally, the overall increases in TV during the latter half of the hypoxic challenge were greater in the CSCX mice. The ventilatory responses that occurred upon return to room-air were essentially similar in the SHAM and CSCX mice. Overall, this novel data suggest that the CSC may normally provide inhibitory input to peripheral (e.g., carotid bodies) and central (e.g., brainstem) structures that are involved in the ventilatory responses to hypoxic gas challenge in C57BL6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Scholze P, Huck S. The α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Differentially Modulates α4β2 * and α3β4 * Receptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:607959. [PMID: 33343327 PMCID: PMC7744819 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.607959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the principal reinforcing compound in tobacco, acts in the brain by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how the α5 accessory nAChR subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, differentially modulates α4β2* and α3β4* receptors at the cellular level. Genome-wide association studies have linked a gene cluster in chromosomal region 15q25 to increased susceptibility to nicotine addiction, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Interestingly, this gene cluster contains a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human CHRNA5 gene, causing an aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) substitution at amino acid position 398 in the α5 nAChR subunit. Although other SNPs have been associated with tobacco smoking behavior, efforts have focused predominantly on the D398 and N398 variants in the α5 subunit. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the role that the α5 nAChR subunit—and the role of the D398 and N398 variants—plays on nAChR function at the cellular level. These insights stem primarily from a wide range of experimental models, including receptors expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes, various cell lines, and neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as endogenous receptors in genetically engineered mice and—more recently—rats. Despite providing a wealth of available data, however, these studies have yielded conflicting results, and our understanding of the modulatory role that the α5 subunit plays remains incomplete. Here, we review these reports and the various techniques used for expression and analysis in order to examine how the α5 subunit modulates key functions in α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, including receptor trafficking, sensitivity, efficacy, and desensitization. In addition, we highlight the strikingly different role that the α5 subunit plays in Ca2+ signaling between α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, and we discuss whether the N398 α5 subunit variant can partially replace the D398 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigismund Huck
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Xie H, Yepuri N, Meng Q, Dhawan R, Leech CA, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Cooney RN. Therapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists to combat obesity, diabetes, and inflammation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:431-447. [PMID: 32851581 PMCID: PMC7572644 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex (CAIR) represents an important homeostatic regulatory mechanism for sensing and controlling the body's response to inflammatory stimuli. Vagovagal reflexes are an integral component of CAIR whose anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) acting at α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) located on cells of the immune system. Recently, it is appreciated that CAIR and α7nAChR also participate in the control of metabolic homeostasis. This has led to the understanding that defective vagovagal reflex circuitry underlying CAIR might explain the coexistence of obesity, diabetes, and inflammation in the metabolic syndrome. Thus, there is renewed interest in the α7nAChR that mediates CAIR, particularly from the standpoint of therapeutics. Of special note is the recent finding that α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 acts at L-cells of the distal intestine to stimulate the release of two glucoregulatory and anorexigenic hormones: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). Furthermore, α7nAChR agonist PNU 282987 exerts trophic factor-like actions to support pancreatic β-cell survival under conditions of stress resembling diabetes. This review provides an overview of α7nAChR function as it pertains to CAIR, vagovagal reflexes, and metabolic homeostasis. We also consider the possible usefulness of α7nAChR agonists for treatment of obesity, diabetes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natesh Yepuri
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ravi Dhawan
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Hone AJ, Fisher F, Christensen S, Gajewiak J, Larkin D, Whiteaker P, McIntosh JM. PeIA-5466: A Novel Peptide Antagonist Containing Non-natural Amino Acids That Selectively Targets α3β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6262-6275. [PMID: 31194549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically distinguishing α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) from closely related subtypes, particularly α6β2, has been challenging due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands. We created analogs of α-conotoxin (α-Ctx) PeIA to identify ligand-receptor interactions that could be exploited to selectively increase potency and selectivity for α3β2 nAChRs. A series of PeIA analogs were synthesized by replacing amino acid residues in the second disulfide loop with standard or nonstandard residues and assessing their activity on α3β2 and α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Asparagine11 was found to occupy a pivotal position, and when replaced with negatively charged amino acids, selectivity for α3β2 over α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs was substantially increased. Second generation peptides were then designed to further improve both potency and selectivity. One peptide, PeIA-5466, was ∼300-fold more potent on α3β2 than α6/α3β2β3 and is the most α3β2-selective antagonist heretofore reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City , Utah 84148 , United States
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