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Liu J, Curtin C, Lall R, Lane S, Wieke J, Ariza A, Sejour L, Vlachos I, Zordoky BN, Peterson RT, Asnani A. Inhibition of Cyp1a Protects Mice against Anthracycline Cardiomyopathy. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.588915. [PMID: 38645084 PMCID: PMC11030370 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (Dox) are highly effective anti-tumor agents, but their use is limited by dose-dependent cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Our laboratory previously reported that induction of cytochrome P450 family 1 (Cyp1) enzymes contributes to acute Dox cardiotoxicity in zebrafish and in mice, and that potent Cyp1 inhibitors prevent cardiotoxicity. However, the role of Cyp1 enzymes in chronic Dox cardiomyopathy, as well as the mechanisms underlying cardioprotection associated with Cyp1 inhibition, have not been fully elucidated. Methods The Cyp1 pathway was evaluated using a small molecule Cyp1 inhibitor in wild-type (WT) mice, or Cyp1-null mice ( Cyp1a1/1a2 -/- , Cyp1b1 -/- , and Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1 -/- ). Low-dose Dox was administered by serial intraperitoneal or intravenous injections, respectively. Expression of Cyp1 isoforms was measured by RT-qPCR, and myocardial tissue was isolated from the left ventricle for RNA sequencing. Cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Results In WT mice, Dox treatment was associated with a decrease in Cyp1a2 and increase in Cyp1b1 expression in the heart and in the liver. Co-treatment of WT mice with Dox and the novel Cyp1 inhibitor YW-130 protected against cardiac dysfunction compared to Dox treatment alone. Cyp1a1/1a2 -/- and Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1 -/- mice were protected from Dox cardiomyopathy compared to WT mice. Male, but not female, Cyp1b1 -/- mice had increased cardiac dysfunction following Dox treatment compared to WT mice. RNA sequencing of myocardial tissue showed upregulation of Fundc1 and downregulation of Ccl21c in Cyp1a1/1a2 -/- mice treated with Dox, implicating changes in mitophagy and chemokine-mediated inflammation as possible mechanisms of Cyp1a-mediated cardioprotection. Conclusions Taken together, this study highlights the potential therapeutic value of Cyp1a inhibition in mitigating anthracycline cardiomyopathy.
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Parvez S, Zhang T, Peterson RT. Scalable CRISPR Screens in Zebrafish Using MIC-Drop. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2707:319-334. [PMID: 37668922 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3401-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful tool to interrogate gene function in a targeted and systematic manner. Although the technology has been scaled up for large-scale genetic screens in cell culture, similar scale screens in vivo have been extremely challenging due to the cost, labor, and time required to generate and keep track of thousands of mutant animals. We reported the development of Multiplexed Intermixed CRISPR Droplets (MIC-Drop), a platform that makes large-scale reverse genetic screens possible in zebrafish. In this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol to conduct large-scale genetic screens using this novel platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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3
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Van Scoyk AN, Antelope O, Franzini A, Ayer DE, Peterson RT, Pomicter AD, Owen SC, Deininger MW. Bioluminescence Assay of Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin Activity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.10.552871. [PMID: 37645727 PMCID: PMC10461969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acylation can direct protein function, localization, and interactions. Sirtuins deacylate lysine towards maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their aberrant expression contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple pathological conditions, including cancer. Measuring sirtuins' activity is essential to exploring their potential as therapeutic targets, but accurate quantification is challenging. We developed 'SIRTify', a high-sensitivity assay for measuring sirtuin activity in vitro and in vivo. SIRTify is based on a split-version of the NanoLuc® luciferase consisting of a truncated, catalytically inactive N-terminal moiety (LgBiT) that complements with a high-affinity C-terminal peptide (p86) to form active luciferase. Acylation of two lysines within p86 disrupts binding to LgBiT and abates luminescence. Deacylation by sirtuins reestablishes p86 and restores binding, generating a luminescence signal proportional to sirtuin activity. Measurements accurately reflect reported sirtuin specificity for lysine acylations and confirm the effects of sirtuin modulators. SIRTify effectively quantifies lysine deacylation dynamics and may be adaptable to monitoring additional post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anca Franzini
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | - Donald E Ayer
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | | | | | - Shawn C Owen
- University of Utah, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- University of Utah, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
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Pluimer BR, Harrison DL, Boonyavairoje C, Prinssen EP, Rogers-Evans M, Peterson RT, Thyme SB, Nath AK. Behavioral analysis through the lifespan of disc1 mutant zebrafish identifies defects in sensorimotor transformation. iScience 2023; 26:107099. [PMID: 37416451 PMCID: PMC10320522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DISC1 is a genetic risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders. Compared to the dozens of murine Disc1 models, there is a paucity of zebrafish disc1 models-an organism amenable to high-throughput experimentation. We conducted the longitudinal neurobehavioral analysis of disc1 mutant zebrafish across key stages of life. During early developmental stages, disc1 mutants exhibited abrogated behavioral responses to sensory stimuli across multiple testing platforms. Moreover, during exposure to an acoustic sensory stimulus, loss of disc1 resulted in the abnormal activation of neurons in the pallium, cerebellum, and tectum-anatomical sites involved in the integration of sensory perception and motor control. In adulthood, disc1 mutants exhibited sexually dimorphic reduction in anxiogenic behavior in novel paradigms. Together, these findings implicate disc1 in sensorimotor processes and the genesis of anxiogenic behaviors, which could be exploited for the development of novel treatments in addition to investigating the biology of sensorimotor transformation in the context of disc1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock R. Pluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Devin L. Harrison
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chanon Boonyavairoje
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric P. Prinssen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Rogers-Evans
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Summer B. Thyme
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anjali K. Nath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhang T, Alonzo I, Stubben C, Geng Y, Herdman C, Chandler N, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Trauger SA, Peterson RT. A zebrafish model of combined saposin deficiency identifies acid sphingomyelinase as a potential therapeutic target. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049995. [PMID: 37183607 PMCID: PMC10320721 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are a subcategory of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by mutations in enzymes of the sphingolipid catabolic pathway. Like many LSDs, neurological involvement in sphingolipidoses leads to early mortality with limited treatment options. Given the role of myelin loss as a major contributor toward LSD-associated neurodegeneration, we investigated the pathways contributing to demyelination in a CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of combined saposin (psap) deficiency. psap knockout (KO) zebrafish recapitulated major LSD pathologies, including reduced lifespan, reduced lipid storage, impaired locomotion and severe myelin loss; loss of myelin basic protein a (mbpa) mRNA was progressive, with no changes in additional markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Brain transcriptomics revealed dysregulated mTORC1 signaling and elevated neuroinflammation, where increased proinflammatory cytokine expression preceded and mTORC1 signaling changes followed mbpa loss. We examined pharmacological and genetic rescue strategies via water tank administration of the multiple sclerosis drug monomethylfumarate (MMF), and crossing the psap KO line into an acid sphingomyelinase (smpd1) deficiency model. smpd1 mutagenesis, but not MMF treatment, prolonged lifespan in psap KO zebrafish, highlighting the modulation of acid sphingomyelinase activity as a potential path toward sphingolipidosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ivy Alonzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatic Analysis Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chelsea Herdman
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nancy Chandler
- Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kim P. Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brock R. Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sunia A. Trauger
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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6
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Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful model system for studying animal development, for modeling genetic diseases, and for large-scale in vivo functional genetics. Because of its ease of use and its high efficiency in targeted gene perturbation, CRISPR-Cas9 has recently gained prominence as the tool of choice for genetic manipulation in zebrafish. However, scaling up the technique for high-throughput in vivo functional genetics has been a challenge. We recently developed a method, Multiplexed Intermixed CRISPR Droplets (MIC-Drop), that makes large-scale CRISPR screening in zebrafish possible. Here, we outline the step-by-step protocol for performing functional genetic screens in zebrafish by using MIC-Drop. MIC-Drop uses multiplexed single-guide RNAs to generate biallelic mutations in injected zebrafish embryos, allowing genetic screens to be performed in F0 animals. Combining microfluidics and DNA barcoding enables simultaneous targeting of tens to hundreds of genes from a single injection needle, while also enabling retrospective and rapid identification of the genotype responsible for an observed phenotype. The primary target audiences for MIC-Drop are developmental biologists, zebrafish geneticists, and researchers interested in performing in vivo functional genetic screens in a vertebrate model system. MIC-Drop will also prove useful in the hands of chemical biologists seeking to identify targets of small molecules that cause phenotypic changes in zebrafish. By using MIC-Drop, a typical screen of 100 genes can be conducted within 2-3 weeks by a single user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zachary J Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Geng Y, Yates C, Peterson RT. Social behavioral profiling by unsupervised deep learning reveals a stimulative effect of dopamine D3 agonists on zebrafish sociality. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100381. [PMID: 36814839 PMCID: PMC9939379 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been a major challenge to systematically evaluate and compare how pharmacological perturbations influence social behavioral outcomes. Although some pharmacological agents are known to alter social behavior, precise description and quantification of such effects have proven difficult. We developed a scalable social behavioral assay for zebrafish named ZeChat based on unsupervised deep learning to characterize sociality at high resolution. High-dimensional and dynamic social behavioral phenotypes are automatically classified using this method. By screening a neuroactive compound library, we found that different classes of chemicals evoke distinct patterns of social behavioral fingerprints. By examining these patterns, we discovered that dopamine D3 agonists possess a social stimulative effect on zebrafish. The D3 agonists pramipexole, piribedil, and 7-hydroxy-DPAT-HBr rescued social deficits in a valproic-acid-induced zebrafish autism model. The ZeChat platform provides a promising approach for dissecting the pharmacology of social behavior and discovering novel social-modulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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8
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Abstract
Pharmacology and toxicology are part of a much broader effort to understand the relationship between chemistry and biology. While biomedicine has necessarily focused on specific cases, typically of direct human relevance, there are real advantages in pursuing more systematic approaches to characterizing how health and disease are influenced by small molecules and other interventions. In this context, the zebrafish is now established as the representative screenable vertebrate and, through ongoing advances in the available scale of genome editing and automated phenotyping, is beginning to address systems-level solutions to some biomedical problems. The addition of broader efforts to integrate information content across preclinical model organisms and the incorporation of rigorous analytics, including closed-loop deep learning, will facilitate efforts to create systems pharmacology and toxicology with the ability to continuously optimize chemical biological interactions around societal needs. In this review, we outline progress toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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9
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Geng Y, Zhang T, Alonzo IG, Godar SC, Yates C, Pluimer BR, Harrison DL, Nath AK, Yeh JRJ, Drummond IA, Bortolato M, Peterson RT. Top2a promotes the development of social behavior via PRC2 and H3K27me3. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm7069. [PMID: 36417527 PMCID: PMC9683714 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is understood about the embryonic development of sociality. We screened 1120 known drugs and found that embryonic inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (Top2a) resulted in lasting social deficits in zebrafish. In mice, prenatal Top2 inhibition caused defects in social interaction and communication, which are behaviors that relate to core symptoms of autism. Mutation of Top2a in zebrafish caused down-regulation of a set of genes highly enriched for genes associated with autism in humans. Both the Top2a-regulated and autism-associated gene sets have binding sites for polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a regulatory complex responsible for H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Moreover, both gene sets are highly enriched for H3K27me3. Inhibition of the PRC2 component Ezh2 rescued social deficits caused by Top2 inhibition. Therefore, Top2a is a key component of an evolutionarily conserved pathway that promotes the development of social behavior through PRC2 and H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ivy G. Alonzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sean C. Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brock R. Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Devin L. Harrison
- The Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anjali K. Nath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey Joanna Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Davis Center for Aging and Regeneration, MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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10
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Bebarta VS, Shi X, Zheng S, Hendry-Hofer TB, Severance CC, Behymer MM, Boss GR, Mahon S, Brenner M, Knipp GT, Davisson VJ, Peterson RT, MacRae CA, Rutter J, Gerszten RE, Nath AK. Intramuscular administration of glyoxylate rescues swine from lethal cyanide poisoning and ameliorates the biochemical sequalae of cyanide intoxication. Toxicol Sci 2022; 191:90-105. [PMID: 36326479 PMCID: PMC9887668 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide-a fast-acting poison-is easy to obtain given its widespread use in manufacturing industries. It is a high-threat chemical agent that poses a risk of occupational exposure in addition to being a terrorist agent. FDA-approved cyanide antidotes must be given intravenously, which is not practical in a mass casualty setting due to the time and skill required to obtain intravenous access. Glyoxylate is an endogenous metabolite that binds cyanide and reverses cyanide-induced redox imbalances independent of chelation. Efficacy and biochemical mechanistic studies in an FDA-approved preclinical animal model have not been reported. Therefore, in a swine model of cyanide poisoning, we evaluated the efficacy of intramuscular glyoxylate on clinical, metabolic, and biochemical endpoints. Animals were instrumented for continuous hemodynamic monitoring and infused with potassium cyanide. Following cyanide-induced apnea, saline control or glyoxylate was administered intramuscularly. Throughout the study, serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic, metabolite, and biochemical studies, in addition, vital signs, hemodynamic parameters, and laboratory values were measured. Survival in glyoxylate-treated animals was 83% compared with 12% in saline-treated control animals (p < .01). Glyoxylate treatment improved physiological parameters including pulse oximetry, arterial oxygenation, respiration, and pH. In addition, levels of citric acid cycle metabolites returned to baseline levels by the end of the study. Moreover, glyoxylate exerted distinct effects on redox balance as compared with a cyanide-chelating countermeasure. In our preclinical swine model of lethal cyanide poisoning, intramuscular administration of the endogenous metabolite glyoxylate improved survival and clinical outcomes, and ameliorated the biochemical effects of cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shunning Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tara B Hendry-Hofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Carter C Severance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Matthew M Behymer
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gregory T Knipp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Vincent Jo Davisson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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11
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Carmack SA, Vendruscolo JCM, Adrienne McGinn M, Miranda-Barrientos J, Repunte-Canonigo V, Bosse GD, Mercatelli D, Giorgi FM, Fu Y, Hinrich AJ, Jodelka FM, Ling K, Messing RO, Peterson RT, Rigo F, Edwards S, Sanna PP, Morales M, Hastings ML, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Corticosteroid sensitization drives opioid addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2492-2501. [PMID: 35296810 PMCID: PMC10406162 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global crisis of opioid overdose fatalities has led to an urgent search to discover the neurobiological mechanisms of opioid use disorder (OUD). A driving force for OUD is the dysphoric and emotionally painful state (hyperkatifeia) that is produced during acute and protracted opioid withdrawal. Here, we explored a mechanistic role for extrahypothalamic stress systems in driving opioid addiction. We found that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism with mifepristone reduced opioid addiction-like behaviors in rats and zebrafish of both sexes and decreased the firing of corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the rat amygdala (i.e., a marker of brain stress system activation). In support of the hypothesized role of glucocorticoid transcriptional regulation of extrahypothalamic GRs in addiction-like behavior, an intra-amygdala infusion of an antisense oligonucleotide that blocked GR transcriptional activity reduced addiction-like behaviors. Finally, we identified transcriptional adaptations of GR signaling in the amygdala of humans with OUD. Thus, GRs, their coregulators, and downstream systems may represent viable therapeutic targets to treat the "stress side" of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Carmack
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Adrienne McGinn
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Miranda-Barrientos
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel D Bosse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francine M Jodelka
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pietro P Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisela Morales
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Brain imaging requires mounting of zebrafish larvae in a vertical position, but anesthetized or fixed larvae tend to fall on their sides without external support. Current solution is to manually hold individual larva until liquid agarose solidifies, which is time consuming, labor intensive, and unfriendly to beginners. We developed a method to form larva-shaped slots in agarose gel using a computer numerical controlled manufactured mold. Each slot nearly perfectly fits a larva in its upright position, and larvae can be easily mounted by inserting into the slots. On average, each larva can be mounted in <1 min using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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13
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Parvez S, Herdman C, Beerens M, Chakraborti K, Harmer ZP, Yeh JRJ, MacRae CA, Yost HJ, Peterson RT. MIC-Drop: A platform for large-scale in vivo CRISPR screens. Science 2021; 373:1146-1151. [PMID: 34413171 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chelsea Herdman
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Manu Beerens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korak Chakraborti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zachary P Harmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey J Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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14
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Paguigan ND, Tun JO, Leavitt LS, Lin Z, Chase K, Dowell C, Deering-Rice CE, Lim AL, Karthikeyan M, Hughen RW, Zhang J, Peterson RT, Reilly CA, Light AR, Raghuraman S, McIntosh JM, Olivera BM, Schmidt EW. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Antagonist Polyamides from Tunicates and Their Predatory Sea Slugs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2693-2704. [PMID: 34213884 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to discover new drugs to treat pain, we identified molleamines A-E (1-5) as major neuroactive components of the sea slug, Pleurobranchus forskalii, and their prey, Didemnum molle, tunicates. The chemical structures of molleamines were elucidated by spectroscopy and confirmed by the total synthesis of molleamines A (1) and C (3). Synthetic 3 completely blocked acetylcholine-induced calcium flux in peptidergic nociceptors (PNs) in the somatosensory nervous system. Compound 3 affected neither the α7 nAChR nor the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in calcium flux assays. In addition to nociceptors, 3 partially blocked the acetylcholine-induced calcium flux in the sympathetic nervous system, including neurons from the superior cervical ganglion. Electrophysiology revealed a block of α3β4 (mouse) and α6/α3β4 (rat) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with IC50 values of 1.4 and 3.1 μM, respectively. Molleamine C (3) is a partial antagonist, reaching a maximum block of 76-82% of the acetylcholine signal and showing no partial agonist response. Molleamine C (3) may thus provide a lead compound for the development of neuroactive compounds with unique biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi D. Paguigan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jortan O. Tun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lee S. Leavitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Chase
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cheryl Dowell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Albebson L. Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Manju Karthikeyan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ronald W. Hughen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher A. Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alan R. Light
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shrinivasan Raghuraman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - J. Michael McIntosh
- Department of Psychiatry, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- George E Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, United States
| | - Baldomero M. Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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15
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Abstract
Recent advances in molecular and cellular engineering, such as human cell reprogramming, genome editing, and patient-specific organoids, have provided unprecedented opportunities for investigating human disorders in both animals and human-based models at an improved pace and precision. This progress will inevitably lead to the development of innovative drug-screening platforms and new patient-specific therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advances that have been made using zebrafish and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and organoids for modeling genetic epilepsies. We also provide our prospective on how these models can potentially be combined to build new screening platforms for antiseizure and antiepileptogenic drug discovery that harness the robustness and tractability of zebrafish models as well as the patient-specific genetics and biology of iPSC-derived neurons and organoids.
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16
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Bosse GD, Urcino C, Watkins M, Flórez Salcedo P, Kozel S, Chase K, Cabang A, Espino SS, Safavi-Hemami H, Raghuraman S, Olivera BM, Peterson RT, Gajewiak J. Discovery of a Potent Conorfamide from Conus episcopatus Using a Novel Zebrafish Larvae Assay. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1232-1243. [PMID: 33764053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural products such as conotoxins have tremendous potential as tools for biomedical research and for the treatment of different human diseases. Conotoxins are peptides present in the venoms of predatory cone snails that have a rich diversity of pharmacological functions. One of the major bottlenecks in natural products research is the rapid identification and evaluation of bioactive molecules. To overcome this limitation, we designed a set of light-induced behavioral assays in zebrafish larvae to screen for bioactive conotoxins. We used this screening approach to test several unique conotoxins derived from different cone snail clades and discovered that a conorfamide from Conus episcopatus, CNF-Ep1, had the most dramatic alterations in the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae. Interestingly, CNF-Ep1 is also bioactive in several mouse assay systems when tested in vitro and in vivo. Our novel screening platform can thus accelerate the identification of bioactive marine natural products, and the first compound discovered using this assay has intriguing properties that may uncover novel neuronal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Bosse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 201 Skaggs Hall 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cristoval Urcino
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Maren Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Paula Flórez Salcedo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 20 S 2030 E, BPRB 490D, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sabrina Kozel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Chase
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - April Cabang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samuel S Espino
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Shrinivasan Raghuraman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Baldomero M Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 201 Skaggs Hall 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joanna Gajewiak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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17
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Wu G, Dentinger BTM, Nielson JR, Peterson RT, Winter JM. Emerimicins V-X, 15-Residue Peptaibols Discovered from an Acremonium sp. through Integrated Genomic and Chemical Approaches. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1113-1126. [PMID: 33617244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation of Acremonium tubakii W. Gams isolated from a soil sample collected from the University of Utah led to the isolation and characterization of six new linear pentadecapeptides, emerimicins V-X (1-6). Peptaibols containing 15-residues are quite rare, with only 22 reported. Genome mining and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify the emerimicin 60 kbp eme biosynthetic cluster harboring a single 16-module hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthetase. A detailed bioinformatic investigation of the corresponding 15 adenylation domains, combined with 1D and 2D NMR experiments, LC-MS/MS data, and advanced Marfey's method, allowed for the elucidation and absolute configuration of all proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acid residues in 1-6. As some peptaibols possess cytotoxic activity, a zebrafish embryotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the six emerimicins and showed that emerimicin V (1) and VI (2) exhibit the most potent activity. Additionally, out of the six emerimicins, 1 displayed modest activity against Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with MIC values of 64, 32, and 64 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bryn T M Dentinger
- Natural History Museum of Utah & School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Jason R Nielson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Winter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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18
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Bosse GD, Cadeddu R, Floris G, Farero RD, Vigato E, Lee SJ, Zhang T, Gaikwad NW, Keefe KA, Phillips PE, Bortolato M, Peterson RT. The 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride reduces opioid self-administration in animal models of opioid use disorder. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143990. [PMID: 33848264 DOI: 10.1172/jci143990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a leading cause of death in the United States, yet current therapeutic strategies remain highly inadequate. To identify potential treatments for OUD, we screened a targeted selection of over 100 drugs using a recently developed opioid self-administration assay in zebrafish. This paradigm showed that finasteride, a steroidogenesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia, reduced self-administration of multiple opioids without affecting locomotion or feeding behavior. These findings were confirmed in rats; furthermore, finasteride reduced the physical signs associated with opioid withdrawal. In rat models of neuropathic pain, finasteride did not alter the antinociceptive effect of opioids and reduced withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. Steroidomic analyses of the brains of fish treated with finasteride revealed a significant increase in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Treatment with precursors of DHEAS reduced opioid self-administration in zebrafish in a fashion akin to the effects of finasteride. These results highlight the importance of steroidogenic pathways as a rich source of therapeutic targets for OUD and point to the potential of finasteride as a new treatment option for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Bosse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan D Farero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Vigato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Suhjung J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kristen A Keefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul Em Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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19
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Lam PY, Thawani AR, Balderas E, White AJP, Chaudhuri D, Fuchter MJ, Peterson RT. TRPswitch-A Step-Function Chemo-optogenetic Ligand for the Vertebrate TRPA1 Channel. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17457-17468. [PMID: 32966062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-optogenetics has produced powerful tools for optical control of cell activity, but current tools suffer from a variety of limitations including low unitary conductance, the need to modify the target channel, or the inability to control both on and off switching. Using a zebrafish behavior-based screening strategy, we discovered "TRPswitch", a photoswitchable nonelectrophilic ligand scaffold for the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel. TRPA1 exhibits high unitary channel conductance, making it an ideal target for chemo-optogenetic tool development. Key molecular determinants for the activity of TRPswitch were elucidated and allowed for replacement of the TRPswitch azobenzene with a next-generation azoheteroarene. The TRPswitch compounds enable reversible, repeatable, and nearly quantitative light-induced activation and deactivation of the vertebrate TRPA1 channel with violet and green light, respectively. The utility of TRPswitch compounds was demonstrated in larval zebrafish hearts exogenously expressing zebrafish Trpa1b, where the heartbeat could be controlled using TRPswitch and light. Therefore, TRPA1/TRPswitch represents a novel step-function chemo-optogenetic system with a unique combination of high conductance, high efficiency, activity against an unmodified vertebrate channel, and capacity for bidirectional optical switching. This chemo-optogenetic system will be particularly applicable in systems where a large depolarization current is needed or sustained channel activation is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Aditya R Thawani
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Balderas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, United Kingdom
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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20
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Goldshtein H, Muhire A, Petel Légaré V, Pushett A, Rotkopf R, Shefner JM, Peterson RT, Armstrong GAB, Russek‐ Blum N. Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin/Celecoxib combination in zebrafish models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1883-1897. [PMID: 32915525 PMCID: PMC7545590 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of two approved drugs, Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib, as a potential therapeutic treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS Toxicity and efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib were tested, each alone and in distinct ratio combinations in SOD1 G93R transgenic zebrafish model for ALS. Quantification of swimming measures following stimuli, measurements of axonal projections from the spinal cord, neuromuscular junction structure and morphometric analysis of microglia cells were performed in the combination- treated vs nontreated mutant larvae. Additionally, quantifications of touch-evoked locomotor escape response were conducted in treated vs nontreated zebrafish expressing the TARDBP G348C ALS variant. RESULTS When administered individually, Ciprofloxacin had a mild effect and Celecoxib had no therapeutic effect. However, combined Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib (Cipro/Celecox) treatment caused a significant increase of ~ 84% in the distance the SOD1 G93R transgenic larvae swam. Additionally, Cipro/Celecox elicited recovery of impaired motor neurons morphology and abnormal neuromuscular junction structure and preserved the ramified morphology of microglia cells in the SOD1 mutants. Furthermore, larvae expressing the TDP-43 mutation displayed evoked touch responses that were significantly longer in swim distance (110% increase) and significantly higher in maximal swim velocity (~44% increase) when treated with Cipro/Celecox combination. INTERPRETATION Cipro/Celecox combination improved locomotor and cellular deficits of ALS zebrafish models. These results identify this novel combination as effective, and may prove promising for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Goldshtein
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
| | - Alexandre Muhire
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
| | - Virginie Petel Légaré
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Avital Pushett
- NeuroSense Therapeutics LtdMedinat Hayehudim 85Herzeliya4676670Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing UnitLife Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Jeremy M. Shefner
- Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Creighton University College of Medicine PhoenixPhoenixAZ85013USA
| | | | - Gary A. B. Armstrong
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Niva Russek‐ Blum
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
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21
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Lam P, Kutchukian P, Anand R, Imbriglio J, Andrews C, Padilla H, Vohra A, Lane S, Parker DL, Cornella Taracido I, Johns DG, Beerens M, MacRae CA, Caldwell JP, Sorota S, Asnani A, Peterson RT. Cyp1 Inhibition Prevents Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Zebrafish Heart‐Failure Model. Chembiochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui‐Ying Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | | | - Rajan Anand
- Merck & Co., Inc 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth NJ 07033 USA
| | - Jason Imbriglio
- Merck & Co., Inc 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth NJ 07033 USA
| | | | - Hugo Padilla
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Anita Vohra
- CardioVascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center andHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sarah Lane
- CardioVascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center andHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dann L. Parker
- Merck & Co., Inc 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth NJ 07033 USA
| | | | - Douglas G. Johns
- Merck & Co., Inc 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth NJ 07033 USA
| | - Manu Beerens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Calum A. MacRae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Merck & Co., Inc 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth NJ 07033 USA
| | - Steve Sorota
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- CardioVascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center andHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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22
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Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of 70 metabolic disorders characterized by mutations in lysosomal proteins that lead to storage material accumulation, multiple-organ pathologies that often involve neurodegeneration, and early mortality in a significant number of patients. Along with the necessity for more effective therapies, there exists an unmet need for further understanding of disease etiology, which could uncover novel pathways and drug targets. Over the past few decades, the growth in knowledge of disease-associated pathways has been facilitated by studies in model organisms, as advancements in mutagenesis techniques markedly improved the efficiency of model generation in mammalian and non-mammalian systems. In this review we highlight non-mammalian models of LSDs, focusing specifically on the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism that shares remarkable genetic and metabolic similarities with mammals while also conferring unique advantages such as optical transparency and amenability toward high-throughput applications. We examine published zebrafish LSD models and their reported phenotypes, address organism-specific advantages and limitations, and discuss recent technological innovations that could provide potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - R T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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23
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Weeks O, Bossé GD, Oderberg IM, Akle S, Houvras Y, Wrighton PJ, LaBella K, Iversen I, Tavakoli S, Adatto I, Schwartz A, Kloosterman D, Tsomides A, Charness ME, Peterson RT, Steinhauser ML, Fazeli PK, Goessling W. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder predisposes to metabolic abnormalities in adulthood. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2252-2269. [PMID: 32202514 PMCID: PMC7190939 DOI: 10.1172/jci132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects at least 10% of newborns globally and leads to the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite its high incidence, there is no consensus on the implications of PAE on metabolic disease risk in adults. Here, we describe a cohort of adults with FASDs that had an increased incidence of metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes, low HDL, high triglycerides, and female-specific overweight and obesity. Using a zebrafish model for PAE, we performed population studies to elucidate the metabolic disease seen in the clinical cohort. Embryonic alcohol exposure (EAE) in male zebrafish increased the propensity for diet-induced obesity and fasting hyperglycemia in adulthood. We identified several consequences of EAE that may contribute to these phenotypes, including a reduction in adult locomotor activity, alterations in visceral adipose tissue and hepatic development, and persistent diet-responsive transcriptional changes. Taken together, our findings define metabolic vulnerabilities due to EAE and provide evidence that behavioral changes and primary organ dysfunction contribute to resultant metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Weeks
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel D. Bossé
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Isaac M. Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Akle
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul J. Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle LaBella
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabelle Iversen
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sahar Tavakoli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arkadi Schwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daan Kloosterman
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E. Charness
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pouneh K. Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Torres JP, Lin Z, Fenton DS, Leavitt LU, Niu C, Lam PY, Robes JM, Peterson RT, Concepcion GP, Haygood MG, Olivera BM, Schmidt EW. Boholamide A, an APD-Class, Hypoxia-Selective Cyclodepsipeptide. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1249-1257. [PMID: 32186874 PMCID: PMC10172148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis is implicated in some cancers, leading to the possibility that selective control of calcium might lead to new cancer drugs. On the basis of this idea, we designed an assay using a glioblastoma cell line and screened a collection of 1000 unique bacterial extracts. Isolation of the active compound from a hit extract led to the identification of boholamide A (1), a 4-amido-2,4-pentadieneoate (APD)-class peptide. Boholamide A (1) applied in the nanomolar range induces an immediate influx of Ca2+ in glioblastoma and neuronal cells. APD-class natural products are hypoxia-selective cytotoxins that primarily target mitochondria. Like other APD-containing compounds, 1 is hypoxia selective. Since APD natural products have received significant interest as potential chemotherapeutic agents, 1 provides a novel APD scaffold for the development of new anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Torres
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David S Fenton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lee U Leavitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Changshan Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jose Miguel Robes
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gisela P Concepcion
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Margo G Haygood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Baldomero M Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric W Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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25
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Lam PY, Kutchukian P, Anand R, Imbriglio J, Andrews C, Padilla H, Vohra A, Lane S, Parker DL, Cornella Taracido I, Johns DG, Beerens M, MacRae CA, Caldwell JP, Sorota S, Asnani A, Peterson RT. Cyp1 Inhibition Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Zebrafish Heart-Failure Model. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1905-1910. [PMID: 32003101 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapy agent used to treat many common malignancies. However, its use is limited by cardiotoxicity, and cumulative doses exponentially increase the risk of heart failure. To identify novel heart failure treatment targets, a zebrafish model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was previously established for small-molecule screening. Using this model, several small molecules that prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity both in zebrafish and in mouse models have previously been identified. In this study, exploration of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is expanded by screening 2271 small molecules from a proprietary, target-annotated tool compound collection. It is found that 120 small molecules can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, including 7 highly effective compounds. Of these, all seven exhibited inhibitory activity towards cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1). These results are consistent with previous findings, in which visnagin, a CYP1 inhibitor, also prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Importantly, genetic mutation of cyp1a protected zebrafish against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity phenotypes. Together, these results provide strong evidence that CYP1 is an important contributor to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and highlight the CYP1 pathway as a candidate therapeutic target for clinical cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Peter Kutchukian
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rajan Anand
- Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Jason Imbriglio
- Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | | | - Hugo Padilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Anita Vohra
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Lane
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dann L Parker
- Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | | | - Douglas G Johns
- Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Manu Beerens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John P Caldwell
- Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Steve Sorota
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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26
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Amgalan D, Garner TP, Pekson R, Jia XF, Yanamandala M, Paulino V, Liang FG, Corbalan JJ, Lee J, Chen Y, Karagiannis GS, Sanchez LR, Liang H, Narayanagari SR, Mitchell K, Lopez A, Margulets V, Scarlata M, Santulli G, Asnani A, Peterson RT, Hazan RB, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH, Steidl U, Kirshenbaum LA, Gavathiotis E, Kitsis RN. A small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of BAX protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:315-328. [PMID: 32776015 PMCID: PMC7413180 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin remains an essential component of many cancer regimens, but its use is limited by lethal cardiomyopathy, which has been difficult to target, owing to pleiotropic mechanisms leading to apoptotic and necrotic cardiac cell death. Here we show that BAX is rate-limiting in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and identify a small-molecule BAX inhibitor that blocks both apoptosis and necrosis to prevent this syndrome. By allosterically inhibiting BAX conformational activation, this compound blocks BAX translocation to mitochondria, thereby abrogating both forms of cell death. When co-administered with doxorubicin, this BAX inhibitor prevents cardiomyopathy in zebrafish and mice. Notably, cardioprotection does not compromise the efficacy of doxorubicin in reducing leukemia or breast cancer burden in vivo, primarily due to increased priming of mitochondrial death mechanisms and higher BAX levels in cancer cells. This study identifies BAX as an actionable target for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and provides a prototype small-molecule therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulguun Amgalan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Garner
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaotong F Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mounica Yanamandala
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Paulino
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Felix G Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Jose Corbalan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Huizhi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Swathi-Rao Narayanagari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Lopez
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marco Scarlata
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel B Hazan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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27
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Zhang T, Trauger SA, Vidoudez C, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Peterson RT. Parallel Reaction Monitoring reveals structure-specific ceramide alterations in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19939. [PMID: 31882772 PMCID: PMC6934720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive characterisations of the zebrafish genome and proteome have established a foundation for the use of the zebrafish as a model organism; however, characterisation of the zebrafish lipidome has not been as comprehensive. In an effort to expand current knowledge of the zebrafish sphingolipidome, a Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to comprehensively quantify zebrafish ceramides. Comparison between zebrafish and a human cell line demonstrated remarkable overlap in ceramide composition, but also revealed a surprising lack of most sphingadiene-containing ceramides in the zebrafish. PRM analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis identified developmental stage-specific ceramide changes based on long chain base (LCB) length. A CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of Farber disease exhibited reduced size, early mortality, and severe ceramide accumulation where the amplitude of ceramide change depended on both acyl chain and LCB lengths. Our method adds an additional level of detail to current understanding of the zebrafish lipidome, and could aid in the elucidation of structure-function associations in the context of lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim P Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brock R Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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28
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Nath AK, Ma J, Chen ZZ, Li Z, Vitery MDC, Kelley ML, Peterson RT, Gerszten RE, Yeh JRJ. Genetic deletion of gpr27 alters acylcarnitine metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis in zebrafish. FASEB J 2019; 34:1546-1557. [PMID: 31914600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901466r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest group of membrane receptors in eukaryotic genomes and collectively they regulate nearly all cellular processes. Despite the widely recognized importance of this class of proteins, many GPCRs remain understudied. G protein-coupled receptor 27 (Gpr27) is an orphan GPCR that displays high conservation during vertebrate evolution. Although, GPR27 is known to be expressed in tissues that regulate metabolism including the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, its functions are poorly characterized. Therefore, to investigate the potential roles of Gpr27 in energy metabolism, we generated a whole body gpr27 knockout zebrafish line. Loss of gpr27 potentiated the elevation in glucose levels induced by pharmacological or nutritional perturbations. We next leveraged a mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify other potential metabolic functions of Gpr27. Notably, genetic deletion of gpr27 elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines, in particular C6-hexanoylcarnitine, C8-octanoylcarnitine, C9-nonanoylcarnitine, and C10-decanoylcarnitine, lipid species known to be associated with insulin resistance in humans. Concordantly, gpr27 deletion in zebrafish abrogated insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation and glucose utilization. Finally, loss of gpr27 increased the expression of key enzymes in carnitine shuttle complex, in particular the homolog to the brain-specific isoform of CPT1C which functions as a hypothalamic energy senor. In summary, our findings shed light on the biochemical functions of Gpr27 by illuminating its role in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Nath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junyan Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuyun Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Kelley
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey J Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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30
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Eckvahl HJ, Xu M, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Isonitrile-responsive and bioorthogonally removable tetrazine protecting groups. Chem Sci 2019; 11:169-179. [PMID: 32110368 PMCID: PMC7012038 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrazylmethyl groups are reported here as bioorthogonal protecting groups that are readily removed by isonitriles, establishing a valuable addition to the dissociative bioorthogonal chemistry and synthetic methodology toolboxes.
In vivo compatible reactions have a broad range of possible applications in chemical biology and the pharmaceutical sciences. Here we report tetrazines that can be removed by exposure to isonitriles under very mild conditions. Tetrazylmethyl derivatives are easily accessible protecting groups for amines and phenols. The isonitrile-induced removal is rapid and near-quantitative. Intriguingly, the deprotection is especially effective with (trimethylsilyl)methyl isocyanide, and serum albumin can catalyze the elimination under physiological conditions. NMR and computational studies revealed that an imine-tautomerization step is often rate limiting, and the unexpected cleavage of the Si–C bond accelerates this step in the case with (trimethylsilyl)methyl isocyanide. Tetrazylmethyl-removal is compatible with use on biomacromolecules, in cellular environments, and in living organisms as demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments and fluorophore-release studies on proteins and in zebrafish embryos. By combining tetrazylmethyl derivatives with previously reported tetrazine-responsive 3-isocyanopropyl groups, it was possible to liberate two fluorophores in vertebrates from a single bioorthogonal reaction. This chemistry will open new opportunities towards applications involving multiplexed release schemes and is a valuable asset to the growing toolbox of bioorthogonal dissociative reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA
| | - Hannah J Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Raphael M Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
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31
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Abstract
Social behaviors are essential for the survival and reproduction of social species. Many, if not most, neuropsychiatric disorders in humans are either associated with underlying social deficits or are accompanied by social dysfunctions. Traditionally, rodent models have been used to model these behavioral impairments. However, rodent assays are often difficult to scale up and adapt to high-throughput formats, which severely limits their use for systems-level science. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have used zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system to study social behavior. These studies have demonstrated clear potential in overcoming some of the limitations of rodent models. In this Review, we explore the evolutionary conservation of a subcortical social brain between teleosts and mammals as the biological basis for using zebrafish to model human social behavior disorders, while summarizing relevant experimental tools and assays. We then discuss the recent advances gleaned from zebrafish social behavior assays, the applications of these assays to studying related disorders, and the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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32
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu AC, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Rücktitelbild: Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles (Angew. Chem. 27/2019). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Albert C. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu ACG, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9043-9048. [PMID: 31062496 PMCID: PMC6615965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The isocyano group is a structurally compact bioorthogonal functional group that reacts with tetrazines under physiological conditions. Now it is shown that bulky tetrazine substituents accelerate this cycloaddition. Computational studies suggest that dispersion forces between the isocyano group and the tetrazine substituents in the transition state contribute to the atypical structure-activity relationship. Stable asymmetric tetrazines that react with isonitriles at rate constants as high as 57 L mol-1 s-1 were accessible by combining bulky and electron-withdrawing substituents. Sterically encumbered tetrazines react selectively with isonitriles in the presence of strained alkenes/alkynes, which allows for the orthogonal labeling of three proteins. The established principles will open new opportunities for developing tetrazine reactants with improved characteristics for diverse labeling and release applications with isonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Albert C. G. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu AC, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Back Cover: Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 27/2019). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Albert C. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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35
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu AC, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Albert C. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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Morningstar J, Lee J, Hendry-Hofer T, Witeof A, Lyle LT, Knipp G, MacRae CA, Boss GR, Peterson RT, Davisson VJ, Gerszten RE, Bebarta VS, Mahon S, Brenner M, Nath AK. Intramuscular administration of hexachloroplatinate reverses cyanide-induced metabolic derangements and counteracts severe cyanide poisoning. FASEB Bioadv 2018; 1:81-92. [PMID: 31355359 PMCID: PMC6660183 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic industrial chemical that is widely used by manufactures. Smoke inhalation during household fires is the most common source of cyanide poisoning while additional risks to civilians include industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. Despite the risks to large numbers of individuals, an antidote capable of administration at scale adequate for a mass casualty, prehospital scenario does not yet exist. Previously, we demonstrated that intravenous cisplatin analogues accelerate recovery from cyanide poisoning in mice and rabbits. Of the dozens of platinum‐based organometallic complexes tested, hexachloroplatinate (HCP) emerged as a promising lead compound, exhibiting strong affinity for cyanide and efficacy across model systems. Here, we show HCP is an antidote to lethal cyanide exposure and is importantly effective when delivered intramuscularly. The pharmacokinetic profile of HCP exhibited bioavailability in the systemic circulation 2.5 minutes post‐treatment and subsequent renal clearance of HCP‐cyanide. HCP restored parameters of cellular physiology including cytochrome c oxidase redox state and TCA cycle metabolism. We next validated these findings in a large animal model (swine). Finally, preclinical safety studies in mice revealed minimal toxicity. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that HCP is a promising lead compound for development of an intramuscular injectable cyanide antidote for mass casualty scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Morningstar
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jangwoen Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tara Hendry-Hofer
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alyssa Witeof
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregg Knipp
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Deparment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Vincent J Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Matt Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anjali K Nath
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Jordi J, Guggiana-Nilo D, Bolton AD, Prabha S, Ballotti K, Herrera K, Rennekamp AJ, Peterson RT, Lutz TA, Engert F. High-throughput screening for selective appetite modulators: A multibehavioral and translational drug discovery strategy. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaav1966. [PMID: 30402545 PMCID: PMC6209392 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
How appetite is modulated by physiological, contextual, or pharmacological influence is still unclear. Specifically, the discovery of appetite modulators is compromised by the abundance of side effects that usually limit in vivo drug action. We set out to identify neuroactive drugs that trigger only their intended single behavioral change, which would provide great therapeutic advantages. To identify these ideal bioactive small molecules, we quantified the impact of more than 10,000 compounds on an extended series of different larval zebrafish behaviors using an in vivo imaging strategy. Known appetite-modulating drugs altered feeding and a pleiotropy of behaviors. Using this multibehavioral strategy as an active filter for behavioral side effects, we identified previously unidentified compounds that selectively increased or reduced food intake by more than 50%. The general applicability of this strategy is shown by validation in mice. Mechanistically, most candidate compounds were independent of the main neurotransmitter systems. In addition, we identified compounds with multibehavioral impact, and correlational comparison of these profiles with those of known drugs allowed for the prediction of their mechanism of action. Our results illustrate an unbiased and translational drug discovery strategy for ideal psychoactive compounds and identified selective appetite modulators in two vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Jordi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (J.J.); (F.E.)
| | - Drago Guggiana-Nilo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Bolton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Srishti Prabha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ballotti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristian Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Rennekamp
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.J.); (F.E.)
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Basu S, Jalodia K, Ranjan S, Yeh JRJ, Peterson RT, Sachidanandan C. Small Molecule Inhibitors of NFkB Reverse Iron Overload and Hepcidin Deregulation in a Zebrafish Model for Hereditary Hemochromatosis Type 3. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2143-2152. [PMID: 29897731 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is one of the most common genetic disorders in Caucasian populations, with no viable therapeutic options except phlebotomy. We describe a zebrafish model of human HH (HH) created by targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding transferrin receptor 2 ( tfr2). TFR2 mutations in humans lead to HH Type 3, a rare but severe form of the disease. The tfr2 mutant model in zebrafish recapitulates the defining features of HH3: iron overload and suppression of hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone. Using in vivo chemical screens in zebrafish embryos, we identify a new small molecule inducer of hepcidin: SC-514, a specific chemical inhibitor of NFkB signaling. Using independent small molecule inhibitors of the NFkB pathway, we demonstrate that inhibition of NFkB signaling causes induction of hepcidin transcription and reduction of iron overload in the HH3 model. This first successful chemical intervention for hereditary hemochromatosis may also have relevance in treatment of other very prevalent iron regulatory iron overload disorders such as thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Basu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kanika Jalodia
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shashi Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jing-Ruey J. Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
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40
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Jin YN, Schlueter PJ, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Lam PY, Jin S, Hwang WY, Yeh JRJ, Yoshigi M, Ong SE, Schenone M, Hartigan CR, Carr SA, Peterson RT. Noncanonical translation via deadenylated 3' UTRs maintains primordial germ cells. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:844-852. [PMID: 29988067 PMCID: PMC6800240 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) form during early embryogenesis with a supply of maternal mRNAs that contain shorter poly(A)-tails. How translation of maternal mRNAs is regulated during PGC development remains elusive. Here we describe a small molecule screen with zebrafish embryos that identified primordazine, a compound that selectively ablates PGCs. Primordazine’s effect on PGCs arises from translation repression through primordazine-response elements in the 3′UTRs. Systematic dissection of primordazine’s mechanism of action revealed that translation of mRNAs during early embryogenesis occurs by two distinct pathways, depending on the length of their poly(A)-tails. In addition to poly(A)-tail dependent translation (PAT), early embryos perform poly(A)-tail independent non-canonical translation (PAINT) via deadenylated 3′UTRs. Primordazine inhibits PAINT without inhibiting PAT, an effect that was also observed in quiescent but not in proliferating mammalian cells. These studies reveal that PAINT is an alternative form of translation in the early embryo and is indispensable for PGC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam N Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Peter J Schlueter
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shan Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Woong Y Hwang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey Joanna Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaaki Yoshigi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Tu J, Xu M, Parvez S, Peterson RT, Franzini RM. Bioorthogonal Removal of 3-Isocyanopropyl Groups Enables the Controlled Release of Fluorophores and Drugs in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8410-8414. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Asnani A, Zheng B, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen HH, Vohra A, Chi A, Cornella-Taracido I, Wang H, Johns DG, Sosnovik DE, Peterson RT. Highly potent visnagin derivatives inhibit Cyp1 and prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96753. [PMID: 29321375 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin are highly effective chemotherapy agents used to treat many common malignancies. However, their use is limited by cardiotoxicity. We previously identified visnagin as protecting against doxorubicin toxicity in cardiac but not tumor cells. In this study, we sought to develop more potent visnagin analogs in order to use these analogs as tools to clarify the mechanisms of visnagin-mediated cardioprotection. Structure-activity relationship studies were performed in a zebrafish model of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Movement of the 5-carbonyl to the 7 position and addition of short ester side chains led to development of visnagin analogs with 1,000-fold increased potency in zebrafish and 250-fold increased potency in mice. Using proteomics, we discovered that doxorubicin caused robust induction of Cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) that was mitigated by visnagin and its potent analog 23. Treatment with structurally divergent CYP1 inhibitors, as well as knockdown of CYP1A, prevented doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. The identification of potent cardioprotective agents may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Moreover, these studies support the idea that CYP1 is an important contributor to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and suggest that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Asnani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Baohui Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Yan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - You Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Howard H Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anita Vohra
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - An Chi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Huijun Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David E Sosnovik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Noonan HR, Metelo AM, Kamei CN, Peterson RT, Drummond IA, Iliopoulos O. Loss of vhl in the zebrafish pronephros recapitulates early stages of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:873-84. [PMID: 27491085 PMCID: PMC5007981 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease harbor a germline mutation in the VHL gene leading to the development of several tumor types including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In addition, the VHL gene is inactivated in over 90% of sporadic ccRCC cases. ‘Clear cell’ tumors contain large, proliferating cells with ‘clear cytoplasm’, and a reduced number of cilia. VHL inactivation leads to the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors 1a and 2a [HIF1a and HIF2a (HIF2a is also known as EPAS1)] with consequent up-regulation of specific target genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis. A zebrafish model with a homozygous inactivation in the VHL gene (vhl−/−) recapitulates several aspects of the human disease, including development of highly vascular lesions in the brain and the retina and erythrocytosis. Here, we characterize for the first time the epithelial abnormalities present in the kidney of the vhl−/− zebrafish larvae as a first step in building a model of ccRCC in zebrafish. Our data show that the vhl−/− zebrafish kidney is characterized by an increased tubule diameter, disorganized cilia, the dramatic formation of cytoplasmic lipid vesicles, glycogen accumulation, aberrant cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis. This phenotype of the vhl−/− pronephros is reminiscent of clear cell histology, indicating that the vhl−/− mutant zebrafish might serve as a model of early stage RCC. Treatment of vhl−/− zebrafish embryos with a small-molecule HIF2a inhibitor rescued the pronephric abnormalities, underscoring the value of the zebrafish model in drug discovery for treatment of VHL disease and ccRCC. Summary: Zebrafish with an inactivating mutation in the vhl gene can be used as a model of early stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with applications for genetic studies and drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Noonan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana M Metelo
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal
| | - Caramai N Kamei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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44
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O'Sullivan JF, Morningstar JE, Yang Q, Zheng B, Gao Y, Jeanfavre S, Scott J, Fernandez C, Zheng H, O'Connor S, Cohen P, Vasan RS, Long MT, Wilson JG, Melander O, Wang TJ, Fox C, Peterson RT, Clish CB, Corey KE, Gerszten RE. Dimethylguanidino valeric acid is a marker of liver fat and predicts diabetes. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4394-4402. [PMID: 29083323 DOI: 10.1172/jci95995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbiased, "nontargeted" metabolite profiling techniques hold considerable promise for biomarker and pathway discovery, in spite of the lack of successful applications to human disease. By integrating nontargeted metabolomics, genetics, and detailed human phenotyping, we identified dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as an independent biomarker of CT-defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants. We verified the relationship between DMGV and early hepatic pathology. Specifically, plasma DMGV levels were correlated with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a hospital cohort of individuals undergoing gastric bypass surgery, and DMGV levels fell in parallel with improvements in post-procedure cardiometabolic parameters. Further, baseline DMGV levels independently predicted future diabetes up to 12 years before disease onset in 3 distinct human cohorts. Finally, we provide all metabolite peak data consisting of known and unidentified peaks, genetics, and key metabolic parameters as a publicly available resource for investigations in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F O'Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jordan E Morningstar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baohui Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Scott
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiology Division, Boston Medical Center, and
| | - Michelle T Long
- Gastroenterology Division, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center of Emergency Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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45
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Lam PY, Mendu SK, Mills RW, Zheng B, Padilla H, Milan DJ, Desai BN, Peterson RT. A high-conductance chemo-optogenetic system based on the vertebrate channel Trpa1b. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11839. [PMID: 28928472 PMCID: PMC5605526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is a powerful research approach that allows localized optical modulation of selected cells within an animal via the expression of genetically encoded photo-excitable ion channels. Commonly used optogenetic techniques rely on the expression of microbial opsin variants, which have many excellent features but suffer from various degrees of blue spectral overlap and limited channel conductance. Here, we expand the optogenetics toolbox in the form of a tunable, high-conductance vertebrate cation channel, zTrpa1b, coupled with photo-activated channel ligands, such as optovin and 4g6. Our results demonstrate that zTrpa1b/ligand pairing offers high light sensitivity, millisecond-scale response latency in vivo, as well as adjustable channel off latency. Exogenous in vivo expression of zTrpa1b in sensory neurons allowed subcellular photo-activation, enabling light-dependent motor control. zTrpa1b/ligand was also suitable for cardiomyocyte pacing, as shown in experiments performed on zebrafish hearts in vivo as well as in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro. Therefore, zTrpa1b/optovin represents a novel tool for flexible, high-conductance optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Suresh K Mendu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert W Mills
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Baohui Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hugo Padilla
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - David J Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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46
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Bossé GD, Peterson RT. Development of an opioid self-administration assay to study drug seeking in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:158-166. [PMID: 28811180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an excellent tool to study mental health disorders, due to its physiological and genetic similarity to humans, ease of genetic manipulation, and feasibility of small molecule screening. Zebrafish have been shown to exhibit characteristics of addiction to drugs of abuse in non-contingent assays, including conditioned place preference, but contingent assays have been limited to a single assay for alcohol consumption. Using inexpensive electronic, mechanical, and optical components, we developed an automated opioid self-administration assay for zebrafish, enabling us to measure drug seeking and gain insight into the underlying biological pathways. Zebrafish trained in the assay for five days exhibited robust self-administration, which was dependent on the function of the μ-opioid receptor. In addition, a progressive ratio protocol was used to test conditioned animals for motivation. Furthermore, conditioned fish continued to seek the drug despite an adverse consequence and showed signs of stress and anxiety upon withdrawal of the drug. Finally, we validated our assay by confirming that self-administration in zebrafish is dependent on several of the same molecular pathways as in other animal models. Given the ease and throughput of this assay, it will enable identification of important biological pathways regulating drug seeking and could lead to the development of new therapeutic molecules to treat addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Bossé
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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47
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MacRae CA, Boss G, Brenner M, Gerszten RE, Mahon S, Peterson RT. A countermeasure development pipeline. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1378:58-67. [PMID: 27737495 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an integrated pipeline for countermeasure discovery that, under the auspices of the National Institutes of Health Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats network, is one of the few efforts within academia that by design spans the spectrum from discovery to phase I. The successful implementation of this approach for cyanide would enable efficient proof-of-concept studies that would lay the foundation for a generalizable strategy for parallel mechanistic studies and accelerated countermeasure development in the face of new and emerging chemical threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Gerry Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Sari Mahon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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48
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Wu G, Nielson JR, Peterson RT, Winter JM. Bonnevillamides, Linear Heptapeptides Isolated from a Great Salt Lake-Derived Streptomyces sp. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070195. [PMID: 28672784 PMCID: PMC5532637 DOI: 10.3390/md15070195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. GSL-6B was isolated from sediment collected from the Great Salt Lake and investigation of its organic extract led to the isolation of three new linear heptapeptides, bonnevillamides A (1), B (2), and C (3). The bonnevillamides represent a new class of linear peptides featuring unprecedented non-proteinogenic amino acids. All three peptides contain the newly characterized bonnevillic acid moiety (3-(3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid), as well as a heavily modified proline residue. Moreover, in bonnevillamide A, the terminal proline residue found in bonnevillamides B and C is replaced with 4-methyl-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester. The structures of the three heptapeptides were elucidated by NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and LC-MS/MS, and the absolute configuration of all proteinogenic amino acid residues were determined by advanced Marfey’s method. Bonnevillamides A, B and C were evaluated for their effects on zebrafish embryo development. All three heptapeptides were shown to modulate heart growth and cardiac function, with bonnevillamide B having the most pronounced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jason R Nielson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Winter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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49
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Kimberly WT, O'Sullivan JF, Nath AK, Keyes M, Shi X, Larson MG, Yang Q, Long MT, Vasan R, Peterson RT, Wang TJ, Corey KE, Gerszten RE. Metabolite profiling identifies anandamide as a biomarker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92989. [PMID: 28469090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of metabolite-phenotype associations may highlight candidate biomarkers and metabolic pathways altered in disease states. We sought to identify novel metabolites associated with obesity and one of its major complications, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. In 997 individuals in Framingham Heart Study Generation 3 (FHS Gen 3), we identified an association between anandamide (AEA) and BMI. Further examination revealed that AEA was associated with radiographic hepatic steatosis. In a histologically defined NAFLD cohort, AEA was associated with NAFLD severity, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. These data highlight AEA as a marker linking cardiometabolic disease and NAFLD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Taylor Kimberly
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anjali K Nath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Keyes
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle T Long
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramachandran Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Nath AK, Shi X, Harrison DL, Morningstar JE, Mahon S, Chan A, Sips P, Lee J, MacRae CA, Boss GR, Brenner M, Gerszten RE, Peterson RT. Cisplatin Analogs Confer Protection against Cyanide Poisoning. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:565-575.e4. [PMID: 28416275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin holds an illustrious position in the history of chemistry most notably for its role in the virtual cure of testicular cancer. Here we describe a role for this small molecule in cyanide detoxification in vivo. Cyanide kills organisms as diverse as insects, fish, and humans within seconds to hours. Current antidotes exhibit limited efficacy and are not amenable to mass distribution requiring the development of new classes of antidotes. The binding affinity of the cyanide anion for the positively charged metal platinum is known to create an extremely stable complex in vitro. We therefore screened a panel of diverse cisplatin analogs and identified compounds that conferred protection from cyanide poisoning in zebrafish, mice, and rabbits. Cumulatively, this discovery pipeline begins to establish the characteristics of platinum ligands that influence their solubility, toxicity, and efficacy, and provides proof of concept that platinum-based complexes are effective antidotes for cyanide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Nath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devin L Harrison
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jordan E Morningstar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patrick Sips
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jangwoen Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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