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Paes-Leme B, Monteiro LDRN, Gholami K, Hoe SZ, Ferguson AV, Murphy D, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Rorato R, Reis LC, Mecawi AS. Fasting increases circulating angiotensin levels and brain Agtr1a expression in male rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13334. [PMID: 37667574 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being recognised for involvement in cardiovascular control and hydromineral balance, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has also been associated with the neuroendocrine control of energy balance. One of the main brain sites for angiotensin II (ANG II)/type 1 receptor (AT1 R) signalling is the subfornical organ (SFO), a circumventricular organ related to the control of autonomic functions, motivated behaviours and energy metabolism. Thus, we hypothesised that circulating ANG II may act on the SFO AT1 R receptors to integrate metabolic and hydromineral balance. We evaluated whether food deprivation can modulate systemic RAS activity and Agrt1a brain expression, and if ANG II/AT1 R signalling influences the hypothalamic expression of mRNAs encoding neuropeptides and food and water ingestion in fed and fasted Wistar rats. We found a significant increase in both ANG I and ANG II plasma levels after 24 and 48 h of fasting. Expression of Agrt1a mRNA in the SFO and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) also increased after food deprivation for 48 h. Treatment of fasted rats with low doses of losartan in drinking water attenuated the decrease in glycemia and meal-associated water intake without changing the expression in PVN or arcuate nucleus of mRNAs encoding selected neuropeptides related to energy homeostasis control. These findings point to a possible role of peripheral ANG II/SFO-AT1 R signalling in the control of refeeding-induced thirst. On the other hand, intracerebroventricular losartan treatment decreased food and water intake over dark time in fed but not in fasted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paes-Leme
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia da Rocha Natalino Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alastair Victor Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza AMA, Ecelbarger CM, Sandberg K. Caloric Restriction and Cardiovascular Health: the Good, the Bad, and the Renin-Angiotensin System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:220-234. [PMID: 34159807 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much excitement exists over the cardioprotective and life-extending effects of caloric restriction (CR). This review integrates population studies with experimental animal research to address the positive and negative impact of mild and severe CR on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, with a particular focus on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We also highlight the gaps in knowledge and areas ripe for future physiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M A de Souza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Carolyn M Ecelbarger
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Niemann B, Li L, Simm A, Molenda N, Kockskämper J, Boening A, Rohrbach S. Caloric restriction reduces sympathetic activity similar to beta-blockers but conveys additional mitochondrio-protective effects in aged myocardium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1931. [PMID: 33479375 PMCID: PMC7820280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased activation of sympathetic nervous system contributes to congestive heart failure (CHF) progression, and inhibition of sympathetic overactivation by beta-blockers is successful in CHF patients. Similarly, caloric restriction (CR) reduces sympathetic activity but mediates additional effects. Here, we compared the cardiac effects of CR (− 40% kcal, 3 months) with beta-blocker therapy (BB), diuretic medication (DF) or control diet in 18-months-old Wistar rats. We continuously recorded blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and activity with telemetric devices and analysed cardiac function, activated signalling cascades and markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis. During our study, left ventricular (LV) systolic function improved markedly (CR), mildly (BB) or even deteriorated (DF; control). Diastolic function was preserved by CR and BB but impaired by DF. CR reduced blood pressure identical to DF and BB and heart rate identical to BB. Plasma noradrenaline was decreased by CR and BB but increased by DF. Only CR reduced LV oxidative damage and apoptosis, induced AMPK and Akt phosphorylation and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, additive to the reduction of sympathetic activity, CR achieves protective effects on mitochondria and improves LV function and ROS damage in aged hearts. CR mechanisms may provide additional therapeutic targets compared to traditional CHF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Centre of Medical Basic Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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De Souza AMA, Linares A, Speth RC, Campos GV, Ji H, Chianca D, Sandberg K, De Menezes RCA. Severe food restriction activates the central renin angiotensin system. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14338. [PMID: 31925945 PMCID: PMC6954120 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that 2 weeks of a severe food restricted (sFR) diet (40% of the caloric intake of the control (CT) diet) up‐regulated the circulating renin angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) in female Fischer rats, most likely as a result of the fall in plasma volume. In this study, we investigated the role of the central RAS in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) dysregulation associated with sFR. Although sFR reduced basal mean MAP and HR, the magnitude of the pressor response to intracerebroventricular (icv) microinjection of Ang‐[1‐8] was not affected; however, HR was 57 ± 13 bpm lower 26 min after Ang‐[1‐8] microinjection in the sFR rats and a similar response was observed after losartan was microinjected. The major catabolic pathway of Ang‐[1‐8] in the hypothalamus was via Ang‐[1‐7]; however, no differences were detected in the rate of Ang‐[1‐8] synthesis or degradation between CT and sFR animals. While sFR had no effect on the AT1R binding in the subfornical organ (SFO), the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) of the paraventricular anteroventral third ventricle, ligand binding increased 1.4‐fold in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that sFR stimulates the central RAS by increasing AT1R expression in the PVN as a compensatory response to the reduction in basal MAP and HR. These findings have implications for people experiencing a period of sFR since an activated central RAS could increase their risk of disorders involving over activation of the RAS including renal and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Linares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Robert C Speth
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Glenda V Campos
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deoclécio Chianca
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rodrigo C A De Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Ji H, de Souza AMA, Bajaj B, Zheng W, Wu X, Speth RC, Sandberg K. Sex-Specific Modulation of Blood Pressure and the Renin-Angiotensin System by ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) 2. Hypertension 2020; 76:478-487. [PMID: 32564694 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We showed ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2 is higher in the kidney of male compared with female mice. To further investigate this sex difference, we examined the role of ACE2 in Ang-[1-8] (angiotensin [1-8])-induced hypertension and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney of WT (wild type) and Ace2 KO (knockout) mice. Mean arterial pressure rose faster in WT male than WT female mice after Ang-[1-8] infusion. This sex difference was attenuated in ACE2 KO mice. Ang-[1-8] infusion reduced glomerular AT1R (angiotensin type 1 receptor) binding in WT female mice by 30%, and deletion of Ace2 abolished this effect. In contrast, Ang-[1-8] infusion increased glomerular AT1R binding in WT male mice by 1.2-fold, and this effect of Ang-[1-8] persisted in Ace2 KO male mice (1.3-fold). ACE2 also had an effect on renal protein expression of the neutral endopeptidase NEP (neprilysin), the enzyme that catabolizes Ang-[1-10] (angiotensin [1-10]), the precursor of Ang-[1-8]. Ang-[1-8] infusion downregulated NEP protein expression by 20% in WT male, whereas there was a slight increase in NEP expression in WT female mice. Deletion of Ace2 resulted in lowered NEP expression after Ang-[1-8] infusion in both sexes. These findings suggest sex-specific ACE2 regulation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to female protection from Ang-[1-8]-induced hypertension. These findings have ramifications for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially in hypertension since ACE2 is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and hypertension is a major risk factor for poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Aline M A de Souza
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Bilkish Bajaj
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Wei Zheng
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xie Wu
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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