1
|
Santos JDM, Silva JFT, Alves EDS, Cruz AG, Santos ARM, Camargo FN, Talarico CHZ, Silva CAA, Camporez JP. Strength Training Protects High-Fat-Fed Ovariectomized Mice against Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5066. [PMID: 38791103 PMCID: PMC11120807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause is characterized by a reduction in sex hormones in women and is associated with metabolic changes, including fatty liver and insulin resistance. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and physical exercise, are necessary to prevent these undesirable changes. Strength training (ST) has been widely used because of the muscle and metabolic benefits it provides. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of ST on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) divided into four groups as follows: simulated sedentary surgery (SHAM-SED), trained simulated surgery (SHAM-EXE), sedentary ovariectomy (OVX-SED), and trained ovariectomy (OVX-EXE). They were fed an HFD for 9 weeks. ST was performed thrice a week. ST efficiently reduced body weight and fat percentage and increased lean mass in OVX mice. Furthermore, ST reduced the accumulation of ectopic hepatic lipids, increased AMPK phosphorylation, and inhibited the de novo lipogenesis pathway. OVX-EXE mice also showed a better glycemic profile, associated with greater insulin sensitivity identified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and reduced markers of hepatic oxidative stress compared with sedentary animals. Our data support the idea that ST can be indicated as a non-pharmacological treatment approach to mitigate metabolic changes resulting from menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil (J.F.T.S.); (E.d.S.A.); (A.G.C.); (A.R.M.S.); (F.N.C.); (C.H.Z.T.); (C.A.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krause Neto W, Silva W, Oliveira T, Vilas Boas A, Ciena A, Caperuto ÉC, Gama EF. Ladder-based resistance training with the progression of training load altered the tibial nerve ultrastructure and muscle fiber area without altering the morphology of the postsynaptic compartment. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1371839. [PMID: 38694209 PMCID: PMC11061484 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1371839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence regarding the effect of different ladder-based resistance training (LRT) protocols on the morphology of the neuromuscular system is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the morphological response induced by different LRT protocols in the ultrastructure of the tibial nerve and morphology of the motor endplate and muscle fibers of the soleus and plantaris muscles of young adult Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups: sedentary control (control, n = 9), a predetermined number of climbs and progressive submaximal intensity (fixed, n = 9), high-intensity and high-volume pyramidal system with a predetermined number of climbs (Pyramid, n = 9) and lrt with a high-intensity pyramidal system to exhaustion (failure, n = 9). myelinated fibers and myelin sheath thickness were statistically larger in pyramid, fixed, and failure. myelinated axons were statistically larger in pyramid than in control. schwann cell nuclei were statistically larger in pyramid, fixed, and failure. microtubules and neurofilaments were greater in pyramid than in control. morphological analysis of the postsynaptic component of the plantar and soleus muscles did not indicate any significant difference. for plantaris, the type i myofibers were statistically larger in the pyramid and fixed compared to control. the pyramid, fixed, and failure groups for type ii myofibers had larger csa than control. for soleus, the type i myofibers were statistically larger in the pyramid than in control. pyramid and fixed had larger csa for type ii myofibers than control and failure. the pyramid and fixed groups showed greater mass progression delta than the failure. We concluded that the LRT protocols with greater volume and progression of accumulated mass elicit more significant changes in the ultrastructure of the tibial nerve and muscle hypertrophy without endplate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellington Silva
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tony Oliveira
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Vilas Boas
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Ciena
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érico Chagas Caperuto
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dias LG, Reis CHO, Dos Santos L, Krause Neto W, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Baker JS, Leopoldo AS, Bocalini DS. Strength training improves heart function, collagen and strength in rats with heart failure. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:10. [PMID: 38365576 PMCID: PMC10873996 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) frequently leads to cardiac remodeling and failure with impaired life quality, playing an important role in cardiovascular deaths. Although physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases, the effects of strength training (ST) on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac remodeling need to be further documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a linear block ST protocol in the rat model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS After 6 weeks of MI induction or sham surgery, male adult rats performed ST for the following 12 weeks. The ladder-based ST program was organized in three mesocycles of 4 weeks, with one load increment for each block according to the maximal carrying load test. After 12 weeks, the infarcted-trained rats exhibited an increase in performance, associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion compared with the untrained group. Despite not changing MI size, the ST program partially prevented cardiac dilatation and ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamics, and interstitial fibrosis evaluated by histology. In addition, isolated cardiac muscles from infarcted-trained rats had improved contractility parameters in a steady state, and in response to calcium or stimuli pauses. CONCLUSIONS The ST in infarcted rats increased the capacity to carry mass, associated with attenuation of cardiac remodeling and pulmonary congestion with improving cardiac function that could be attributed, at least in part, to the improvement of myocardial contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisiane G Dias
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Carlos H O Reis
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - André S Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdalla-Silva RL, Zanetti GO, Lautherbach N, Schavinski AZ, Heck LC, Gonçalves DAP, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LCC, Silveira WA. β 2-Adrenoceptors activation regulates muscle trophic-related genes following acute resistance exercise in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1268380. [PMID: 38318197 PMCID: PMC10839027 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1268380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) training and pharmacological stimulation of β2-Adrenoceptors (β2-ARs) alone can promote muscle hypertrophy and prevent muscle atrophy. Although the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a well-established response during RE, the physiological contribution of the endogenous catecholamines and β2-ARs to the RE-induced changes on skeletal muscle protein metabolism remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of the β2-ARs blockade on the acute molecular responses induced by a single bout of RE in rodent skeletal muscles. Male C57BL6/J mice were subjected to a single bout of progressive RE (until exhaustion) on a vertical ladder under β2-AR blockade with ICI 118,551 (ICI; 10 mg kg-1, i. p.), or vehicle (sterile saline; 0.9%, i. p.), and the gene expression was analyzed in gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles by qPCR. We demonstrated that a single bout of RE acutely increased the circulating levels of stress-associated hormones norepinephrine (NE) and corticosterone (CORT), as well as the muscle phosphorylation levels of AMPK, p38 MAPK and CREB, immediately after the session. The acute increase in the phosphorylation levels of CREB was followed by the upregulation of CREB-target genes Sik1, Ppargc1a and Nr4a3 (a central regulator of the acute RE response), 3 h after the RE session. Conversely, β2-AR blockade reduced significantly the Sik1 and Nr4a3 mRNA levels in muscles of exercised mice. Furthermore, a single bout of RE stimulated the mRNA levels of the atrophic genes Map1lc3b and Gabarapl1 (autophagy-related genes) and Mstn (a well-known negative regulator of muscle growth). Unexpectedly, the gene expression of Igf-1 or Il-6 were not affected by RE, while the atrophic genes Murf1/Trim63 and Atrogin-1/Mafbx32 (ubiquitin-ligases) were increased only in muscles of exercised mice under β2-AR blockade. Interestingly, performing a single bout of RE under β2-AR blockade increased the mRNA levels of Mstn in muscles of exercised mice. These data suggest that β2-ARs stimulation during acute RE stimulates the hypertrophic gene Nr4a3 and prevents the overexpression of atrophic genes such as Mstn, Murf1/Trim63, and Atrogin-1/Mafbx32 in the first hours of postexercise recovery, indicating that he SNS may be physiologically important to muscle adaptations in response to resistance training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo L. Abdalla-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo O. Zanetti
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lautherbach
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Zanatta Schavinski
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian C. Heck
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dawit A. P. Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isis C. Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C. C. Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilian A. Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrade-Guerrero J, Rodríguez-Arellano P, Barron-Leon N, Orta-Salazar E, Ledesma-Alonso C, Díaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Advancing Alzheimer's Therapeutics: Exploring the Impact of Physical Exercise in Animal Models and Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2531. [PMID: 37947609 PMCID: PMC10648553 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several pathophysiological features, including the misfolding of the tau protein and the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and cognitive impairment. These mechanisms collectively contribute to neurodegeneration, necessitating the exploration of therapeutic approaches with multiple targets. Physical exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for AD, with demonstrated effects on promoting neurogenesis, activating neurotrophic factors, reducing Aβ aggregates, minimizing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), dampening inflammatory processes, mitigating oxidative stress, and improving the functionality of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Overall, the neuroprotective effects of exercise are not singular, but are multi-targets. Numerous studies have investigated physical exercise's potential in both AD patients and animal models, employing various exercise protocols to elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and effects. The objective of this review is to analyze the neurological therapeutic effects of these exercise protocols in animal models and compare them with studies conducted in AD patients. By translating findings from different approaches, this review aims to identify opportune, specific, and personalized therapeutic windows, thus advancing research on the use of physical exercise with AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Paola Rodríguez-Arellano
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Nayeli Barron-Leon
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Erika Orta-Salazar
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muscle hypertrophy is correlated with load progression delta, climb volume, and total load volume in rodents undergoing different ladder-based resistance training protocols. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Pimentel Neto J, Rocha LC, Dos Santos Jacob C, Klein Barbosa G, Ciena AP. Postsynaptic cleft density changes with combined exercise protocols in an experimental model of muscular hypertrophy. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34346666 PMCID: PMC8404527 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertical ladder-based protocols contribute to the NMJ junction's adaptations, and when combined with and without load, can be potentiated. The present study aimed to investigate postsynaptic regions of the biceps brachii muscle in adult male Wistar rats submitted to different vertical ladder-based protocols (Sedentary - S; Climbing - C; Climbing with Load - LC and Combined Climbing - CC). The protocols (C, LC, CC) were performed in 24 sessions, 3 x/week, for 8 weeks. The myofibrillar ATPase analysis showed an increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers Type I in all trained Groups; Type II in C and LC and reduction in CC; Type IIx higher in all trained Groups. In the postsynaptic cleft, the stained area presents smaller in Groups C, LC, and CC; the total area showed smaller than LC and higher in C and CC. The stained and total perimeter, and dispersion showed a reduction in C, LC, and CC, higher maximum diameter in Groups C and CC, and decreased in LC. Regarding the postsynaptic cleft distribution, the stained area presented a decrease in all trained Groups. The integrated density presented higher principally in CC. The NMJ count showed an increase in all trained Groups. We concluded that the vertical ladder-based protocols combined contributed to the postsynaptic region adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP.
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP.
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP.
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP.
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa JSR, Fonseca GFAC, Ottone NCDS, Silva PA, Antonaccio RF, Silva G, Rocha MDSA, Coimbra CC, Esteves EA, Mang ZA, Amorim FT, Magalhães FDC. Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 278:119639. [PMID: 34043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. KEY FINDINGS Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sales Rodrigues Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Graciene Fernandes Araújo Campos Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Natielle Cecília Dos Santos Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrick Almeida Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Romulo Fernandes Antonaccio
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maíra da Silva Almeida Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Candido Celso Coimbra
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neto WK, Gama EF, de Assis Silva W, de Oliveira TVA, Dos Santos Vilas Boas AE, Ciena AP, Anaruma CA, Caperuto ÉC. Ladder-based resistance training elicited similar ultrastructural adjustments in forelimb and hindlimb peripheral nerves of young adult Wistar rats. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2583-2592. [PMID: 34191117 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the morphological response induced by high-volume, high-intensity ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on the ultrastructure of the radial (forelimb) and sciatic (hindlimb) nerves of adults Wistar rats. Twenty rats were equally distributed into groups: sedentary (SED) and LRT. After the rodents were subjected to the maximum load (ML) carrying test, the LRT group performed 6-8 progressive climbs (2 × 50% ML, 2 × 75% ML, 2 × 100% ML, and 2 × 100% ML + 30 g) three times per week. After 8 weeks, the radial and sciatic nerves were removed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. In the radial nerve, myelinated axons cross-sectional area (CSA), unmyelinated axons CSA, myelin sheath thickness, and Schwann cells nuclei area were statistically larger in the LRT group than SED (p < 0.05). Also, the number of microtubules and neurofilaments per field were statistically higher in the LRT group than in SED (p < 0.01). For sciatic nerve, myelinated fibers CSA, unmyelinated axons CSA, myelin sheath thickness, Schwann cells nuclei area, and the number of neurofilaments per field were statistically larger in the LRT group compared to the SED group (p < 0.05). LRT with high-volume and high-intensity effectively induce similar changes in adult Wistar rats' radial and sciatic nerves' ultrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Assis Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tony Vinicius Apolinário de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Esaú Dos Santos Vilas Boas
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Anaruma
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Érico Chagas Caperuto
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lourenço Í, Krause Neto W, dos Santos Portella Amorim L, Moraes Munhoz Ortiz V, Lopes Geraldo V, Henrique da Silva Ferreira G, Chagas Caperuto É, Florencio Gama E. Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14502. [PMID: 32889774 PMCID: PMC7507488 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the effects of ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on muscle hypertrophy and strength in rodents through a systematic review with meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scielo database on May 18, 2020. Thirty-four studies were included measuring total (mCSA) or mean muscle fibers cross-sectional area (fCSA) or maximum load-carrying capacity (MLCC) or muscle mass (MM). About the main results, LRT provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to increase mCSA and fCSA. Meta-analysis showed a significant overall effect on the fCSA (SMD 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 2.61], p < .00001, I2 = 85%); however, subgroup analysis showed that some muscle types might not be hypertrophied through the LRT. Meta-analysis showed a significant training effect on the MM (SMD 0.92, 95% CI [0.52, 1.32], p < .00001, I2 = 72%). Sub-group analysis revealed that soleus (SMD 1.32, 95% CI [0.11, 2.54], p = .03, I2 = 86%) and FHL (SMD 1.92, 95% CI [1.00, 2.85], p < .0001, I2 = 71%) presented significant training effects, despite moderate heterogeneity levels (I2 = 72%). MLCC increases considerably after a period of LRT, regardless of its duration and the characteristics of the protocols (SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p < .00001, I2 = 90%). Through these results, we reach the following conclusions: (a) LRT is efficient to induce muscle hypertrophy, although this effect varies between different types of skeletal muscles, and; (b) the ability of rodents to carry load increases regardless of the type and duration of the protocol used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Lourenço
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Laura dos Santos Portella Amorim
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Vagner Moraes Munhoz Ortiz
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Vitor Lopes Geraldo
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Érico Chagas Caperuto
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Human MovimentUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Department of Physical EducationLaboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and ImmunohistochemistryUniversidade São Judas TadeuSão PauloSPBrazil
| |
Collapse
|