1
|
Sánchez-Garrido MA, García-Galiano D, Tena-Sempere M. Early programming of reproductive health and fertility: novel neuroendocrine mechanisms and implications in reproductive medicine. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:346-375. [PMID: 35187579 PMCID: PMC9071071 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, environmental changes taking place during early maturational periods may alter normal development and predispose to the occurrence of diverse pathologies later in life. Indeed, adverse conditions during these critical developmental windows of high plasticity have been reported to alter the offspring developmental trajectory, causing permanent functional and structural perturbations that in the long term may enhance disease susceptibility. However, while solid evidence has documented that fluctuations in environmental factors, ranging from nutrient availability to chemicals, in early developmental stages (including the peri-conceptional period) have discernible programming effects that increase vulnerability to develop metabolic perturbations, the impact and eventual mechanisms involved, of such developmental alterations on the reproductive phenotype of offspring have received less attention. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review will summarize recent advances in basic and clinical research that support the concept of DOHaD in the context of the impact of nutritional and hormonal perturbations, occurring during the periconceptional, fetal and early postnatal stages, on different aspects of reproductive function in both sexes. Special emphasis will be given to the effects of early nutritional stress on the timing of puberty and adult gonadotropic function, and to address the underlying neuroendocrine pathways, with particular attention to involvement of the Kiss1 system in these reproductive perturbations. The implications of such phenomena in terms of reproductive medicine will also be considered. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE search, using PubMed as main interface, of research articles and reviews, published mainly between 2006 and 2021, has been carried out. Search was implemented using multiple terms, focusing on clinical and preclinical data from DOHaD studies, addressing periconceptional, gestational and perinatal programming of reproduction. Selected studies addressing early programming of metabolic function have also been considered, when relevant. OUTCOMES A solid body of evidence, from clinical and preclinical studies, has documented the impact of nutritional and hormonal fluctuations during the periconceptional, prenatal and early postnatal periods on pubertal maturation, as well as adult gonadotropic function and fertility. Furthermore, exposure to environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and maternal stress has been shown to negatively influence pubertal development and gonadotropic function in adulthood. The underlying neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms involved have been also addressed, mainly by preclinical studies, which have identified an, as yet incomplete, array of molecular and neurohormonal effectors. These include, prominently, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and the hypothalamic Kiss1 system, which likely contribute to the generation of reproductive alterations in conditions of early nutritional and/or metabolic stress. In addition to the Kiss1 system, other major hypothalamic regulators of GnRH neurosecretion, such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, may be targets of developmental programming. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review addresses an underdeveloped area of reproductive biology and medicine that may help to improve our understanding of human reproductive disorders and stresses the importance, and eventual pathogenic impact, of early determinants of puberty, adult reproductive function and fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Sánchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayila Y, Matsuzaki T, Iwasa T, Tungalagsuvd A, Munkhzaya M, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Tokui T, Minato S, Takeda A, Endo S, Maeda T, Irahara M. The reduction in sexual behavior of adult female rats exposed to immune stress in the neonatal period is associated with reduced hypothalamic progesterone receptor expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113360. [PMID: 31830472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the mechanism by which neonatal immune stress reduces the sexual behavior of female rats in adulthood. METHODS Neonatal female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 11), postnatal day 10 lipopolysaccharide (PND10LPS) (n = 23), and PND25LPS (n = 11) groups, which received intraperitoneal injections of LPS (100 μg/kg) or saline on PND10 and 25. Daily inspections of the vaginal opening (VO) were performed from PND27 to PND37. Thereafter, the frequency of estrus was assessed for 15 days. Female rats (at 11-12 weeks of age) were placed in a cage with male rats, and their sexual behavior was monitored for 30 min. The hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of factors related to sexual behavior were examined via real-time PCR. RESULTS VO occurred later and the frequency of estrus was lower in the PND10LPS group compared to the control group. The number of lordosis behaviors and the total number of mounts performed by male partners were lower in the PND10LPS and PND25LPS groups than in the control group. Acceptability: The lordosis quotient and lordosis rating were lower in the PND10LPS group than in the control group. Proceptive behavior: the number of ear wiggling events was lower in the PND10LPS group than in the other groups, and the number of hops/darts was lower in the PND10LPS group than in the control group. The hypothalamic mRNA expression level of progesterone receptors (PR)A + B was lower in the PND10LPS group than in the control group, and the hypothalamic PRB mRNA expression level was lower in the PND10LPS and PND25LPS groups than in the control group. CONCLUSION Neonatal immune stress impeded sexual behavior and hypothalamic PR mRNA expression in female rats. Decreased progesterone activity in the hypothalamus might explain the reduction in sexual behavior seen in these rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yoshinogawa Medical Center, 120 Aza-Nishichiejima, Kamojima-cho, Tokushima 776-8511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Khuvisgalchid Street, Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar 160660, Mongolia
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Gynecology, The First Maternity Hospital of Mongolia, Peace Avenue, 1st Khoroo, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sachiko Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Darendeliler F. IUGR: Genetic influences, metabolic problems, environmental associations/triggers, current and future management. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101260. [PMID: 30709755 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) especially if they make a catch-up growth in early life have a higher risk for long term problems including short stature and also developing metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. The studies also support that these children may have abnormalities in pubertal timing, adrenarche and reproductive function. The aim of this review was to summarize the published reports mainly on puberty and reproductive functions in children born IUGR at older ages in association with metabolic problems that they encounter. Possible mechanisms explaining these outcomes are discussed. Lastly strategies that may be taken for the prevention of IUGR related morbidities at later life are shortly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Darendeliler
- İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, İstanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuzaki T, Munkhzaya M, Iwasa T, Tungalagsuvd A, Yano K, Mayila Y, Yanagihara R, Tokui T, Kato T, Kuwahara A, Matsui S, Irahara M. Prenatal undernutrition suppresses sexual behavior in female rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:46-52. [PMID: 30099033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious, psychological and metabolic stresses in the prenatal and early neonatal period induce long-lasting effects in physiological function and increase the risk of metabolic disorders later in life. We examined the sexual behavior of female rats that were subjected to undernutrition in the prenatal period. Eight pregnant rats were divided into two groups: a maternal normal nutrition group (mNN; n = 4) and a maternal undernutrition group (mUN; n = 4), which received 50% of the daily food intake amount of the mNN group from gestation day 13 to delivery. Nine and seven female offspring were randomly selected from the mNN and mUN groups, respectively. Vaginal opening (VO), estrous cycle length, sexual behavior and mRNA expression levels of the factors that regulate sexual behavior were observed. In the mUN group, VO day was later, the estrous cycle was longer, and the lordosis quotient and lordosis rating were lower than in the mNN group; such differences were not seen in other sexual performances, such as ear wiggles, darts, kick bouts and box. The hypothalamic mRNA expression level of progesterone receptor (PR) A + B and oxytocin (OT) were significantly lower in the mUN group than in the mNN group. These findings indicated that prenatal undernutrition disrupted puberty onset, the estrous cycle, sexual behavior and hypothalamic mRNA expression of PR and OT in female rat pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Gynecology, The First Maternity Hospital of Mongolia, Peace Avenue, 1st khoroo, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Khuvisgalchid Street, Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar 160660, Mongolia
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sumika Matsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15. Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cakan P, Yildiz S, Ozgocer T, Yildiz A, Vardi N. Maternal viral mimetic administration at the beginning of fetal hypothalamic nuclei development accelerates puberty in female rat offspring. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:506-514. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal viral infection during a critical time window of fetal hypothalamic development on timing of puberty in the female offspring. For that purpose, a viral mimetic (i.e., synthetic double-strand RNA, namely, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, poly (I:C)) or saline was injected (i.p.) to the pregnant rats during the beginning (day 12 of pregnancy, n = 5 for each group) or at the end of this time window (day 14 of pregnancy, n = 5 for each group). Four study groups were formed from the female pups (n = 9–10 pups/group). Following weaning of pups, vaginal opening and vaginal smearing was studied daily until 2 sequential estrous cycles were observed. During the second diestrus phase, blood samples were taken for progesterone, leptin, corticosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Maternal poly (I:C) injection on day 12 of pregnancy increased body mass and reduced the time to puberty in the female offspring. Neither poly (I:C) nor timing of injection affected other parameters studied (p > 0.05). It has been shown for the first time that maternal viral infection during the beginning of fetal hypothalamic development might hasten puberty by increasing body mass in rat offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cakan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yildiz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ozgocer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yildiz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsuzaki T, Munkhzaya M, Tungalagsuvd A, Mayila Y, Iwasa T, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Tokui T, Kato T, Kuwahara A, Matsui S, Irahara M. Prenatal undernutrition disrupted the sexual maturation, but not the sexual behavior, in male rats. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 16:325-329. [PMID: 29259485 PMCID: PMC5715893 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to various stressors, including psychological, metabolic, and immune, in the perinatal period induces long‐lasting effects in physiological function and increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later life. In the present study, sexual maturation and sexual behavior were assessed in prenatally undernourished mature male rats. Methods All the pregnant rats were divided into the maternal normal nutrition (mNN) group and the maternal undernutrition (mUN) group. The mUN mothers received 50% of the amount of the daily food intake of the mNN mothers. Preputial separation and sexual behavior were observed in randomly selected pups of the mNN and mUN groups. Results The body weight of the mothers was significantly lighter in the mUN group than in the mNN group. Similarly, the pups in the mUN group showed a significantly lower body weight than those in the mNN group from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 15. The preputial separation day was significantly delayed in the mUN group, compared to the mNN group. Sexual behavior did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion These findings indicated that prenatal undernutrition delayed sexual maturation, but did not suppress sexual behavior, in mature male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Sumika Matsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tungalagsuvd A, Matsuzaki T, Iwasa T, Munkhzaya M, Yiliyasi M, Kawami T, Kato T, Kuwahara A, Irahara M. The expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in middle‐aged female rats that had been subjected to prenatal undernutrition. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Mayila Yiliyasi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Takako Kawami
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokushima UniversityGraduate SchoolInstitute of Medical Sciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keeley RJ, Trow J, McDonald RJ. Strain and sex differences in puberty onset and the effects of THC administration on weight gain and brain volumes. Neuroscience 2015; 305:328-42. [PMID: 26186896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of recreational marijuana is widespread and frequently begins and persists through adolescence. Some research has shown negative consequences of adolescent marijuana use, but this is not seen across studies, and certain factors, like genetic background and sex, may influence the results. It is critical to identify which characteristics predispose an individual to be susceptible to the negative consequences of chronic exposure to marijuana in adolescence on brain health and behavior. To this end, using males and females of two strains of rats, Long-Evans hooded (LER) and Wistar (WR) rats, we explored whether these anatomically and behaviorally dimorphic strains demonstrated differences in puberty onset and strain-specific effects of adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana. Daily 5 mg/kg treatment began on the day of puberty onset and continued for 14 days. Of particular interest were metrics of growth and volumetric estimates of brain areas involved in cognition that contain high densities of cannabinoid receptors, including the hippocampus and its subregions, the amygdala, and the frontal cortex. Brain volumetrics were analyzed immediately following the treatment period. LER and WR females started puberty at different ages, but no strain differences were observed in brain volumes. THC decreased weight gain throughout the treatment period for all groups. Only the hippocampus and some of its subregions were affected by THC, and increased volumes with THC administration was observed exclusively in females, regardless of strain. Long-term treatment of THC did not affect all individuals equally, and females displayed evidence of increased sensitivity to the effects of THC, and by extension, marijuana. Identifying differences in adolescent physiology of WR and LER rats could help determine the cause for strain and sex differences in brain and behavior of adults and help to refine the use of animal models in marijuana research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Keeley
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - J Trow
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - R J McDonald
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parent AS, Franssen D, Fudvoye J, Gérard A, Bourguignon JP. Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 38:12-36. [PMID: 25592640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Puberty presents remarkable individual differences in timing reaching over 5 years in humans. We put emphasis on the two edges of the age distribution of pubertal signs in humans and point to an extended distribution towards earliness for initial pubertal stages and towards lateness for final pubertal stages. Such distortion of distribution is a recent phenomenon. This suggests changing environmental influences including the possible role of nutrition, stress and endocrine disruptors. Our ability to assess neuroendocrine effects and mechanisms is very limited in humans. Using the rodent as a model, we examine the impact of environmental factors on the individual variations in pubertal timing and the possible underlying mechanisms. The capacity of environmental factors to shape functioning of the neuroendocrine system is thought to be maximal during fetal and early postnatal life and possibly less important when approaching the time of onset of puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Simone Parent
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Fudvoye
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Arlette Gérard
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
There is now considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence indicating that early-life environmental conditions, including nutrition, affect subsequent development in later life. These conditions induce highly integrated responses in endocrine-related homeostasis, resulting in persistent changes in the developmental trajectory producing an altered adult phenotype. Early-life events trigger processes that prepare the individual for particular circumstances that are anticipated in the postnatal environment. However, where the intrauterine and postnatal environments differ markedly, such modifications to the developmental trajectory may prove maladaptive in later life. Reproductive maturation and function are similarly influenced by early-life events. This should not be surprising, because the primordial follicle pool is established early in life and is thus vulnerable to early-life events. Results of clinical and experimental studies have indicated that early-life adversity is associated with a decline in ovarian follicular reserve, changes in ovulation rates, and altered age at onset of puberty. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the relationship between the early-life developmental environment and postnatal reproductive development and function are unclear. This review examines the evidence linking early-life nutrition and effects on the female reproductive system, bringing together clinical observations in humans and experimental data from targeted animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Chan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - M W Tsoulis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - D M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Developmental and Functional Brain Impairment in Offspring from Preeclampsia-Like Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1009-1019. [PMID: 25575681 PMCID: PMC4752589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is associated with developmental delay in infants and with an increased risk of various diseases in adulthood, including hypertension and epilepsy. It has been reported that several organs show developmental retardation and functional deficiency in offspring of preeclamptic rats. However, the developmental and functional changes in brains of the offspring of preeclamptic rats remain unknown. Here, we established a preeclampsia-like rat model induced using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to analyze the developmental and functional changes in brains of the offspring. Body and brain weights were decreased in the L-NAME group at postnatal day 0 (P0). However, there were no significant differences between the L-NAME and control groups in brain and body weights at P56. Upon further analysis, we detected a deficiency in neurogenesis, but not in apoptosis, which contributed to the smaller brains of the offspring in the L-NAME group at P0. Additionally, we observed an increase in gliogenesis to compensate for the brain weights of the offspring at P56. Although the weight and laminar structure of the brains were essentially normal at P56, spatial learning and memory were severely impaired. We also found that adult hippocampal neurogenesis was disrupted in the offspring from preeclampsia-like rats, which may explain the cognitive deficiency. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed a reduced expression of neurogenesis-related genes in the offspring. Overall, we have described the deleterious effects of preeclampsia on the brains of offspring, providing clues to the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this pathogenesis, which may aid in the development of therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guan S, Guo L, Zhang T, Zhu B, Wang X, Zhang C. Effects of gonadotropin on Fas and/or FasL expression and proliferation in rat ovary. Theriogenology 2014; 83:21-9. [PMID: 25294749 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although gonadotropin is a dominant hormone involved in promoting ovarian follicle development in females, the mechanism by which gonadotropin regulates follicular development is still unknown. To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the gonadotropin on apoptosis and proliferation of ovarian cells in vivo, rats were injected subcutaneously with eCG and/or anti-eCG antiserum. Equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment increased ovarian cell proliferation and expression of FSH receptors (FSHR) as revealed by increased immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and FSHR in rat ovary. These effects did not occur in a follicular stage-dependent manner. Moreover, these actions were abolished by anti-eCG antiserum. However, granulosa cells exhibited more intense Fas- and FasL-positive immunostaining during all follicular stages in the anti-eCG antiserum group. We used Western blot analysis to confirm these results; Fas and FasL protein contents in rat ovaries were decreased by eCG. Meanwhile, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and FSHR expression were upregulated by eCG. However, all these eCG-induced regulations were reversed by anti-eCG antiserum treatment. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the anti-eCG antiserum and control groups. These results indicate that eCG promotes follicular development via downregulation of death-inducer Fas/FasL expression and promotion of ovarian cell proliferation, which is partially mediated by FSHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuluan Guan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Ningxia Agricultural School, Yinchuan, Ningxia, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Baochang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu J, Du G, Zhang W, Huang H, Chen D, Wu D, Wang X. Short-term neonatal/prepubertal exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) advanced pubertal timing and affected hypothalamic kisspeptin/GPR54 expression differently in female rats. Toxicology 2013; 314:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|