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Rodrigues AF, Todiras M, Qadri F, Alenina N, Bader M. Angiotensin deficient FVB/N mice are normotensive. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1843-1861. [PMID: 36740662 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All previous rodent models lacking the peptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) were hypotensive. A mixed background strain with global deletion of the angiotensinogen gene was backcrossed to the FVB/N background (Agt-KO), a strain preferred for transgenic generation. Surprisingly, the resulting line turned out to be normotensive. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the unique blood pressure regulation of FVB/N mice without angiotensin peptides. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute and chronic recordings of blood pressure (BP) in freely-moving adult mice were performed to establish baseline BP. The pressure responses to sympatholytic and sympathomimetic as well as a nitric oxide inhibitor and donor compounds were used to quantify the neurogenic tone and endothelial function. The role of the renal nerves on baseline BP maintenance was tested by renal denervation. Finally, further phenotyping was done by gene expression analysis, histology and measurement of metabolites in plasma, urine and tissues. KEY RESULTS Baseline BP in adult FVB/N Agt-KO was unexpectedly unaltered. As compensatory mechanisms Agt-KO presented an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced endothelial nitric oxide production. However, FVB/N Agt-KO exhibited the renal morphological and physiological alterations previously found in mice lacking the production of Ang II including polyuria and hydronephrosis. The hypotensive effect of bilateral renal denervation was blunted in Agt-KO compared to wildtype FVB/N mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We describe a germline Agt-KO line that challenges all previous knowledge on BP regulation in mice with deletion of the classical RAS. This line may represent a model of drug-resistant hypertension because it lacks hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Rodrigues
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Increased angiotensin II formation in the brain modulates cardiovascular homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1353-1367. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20210072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In spite of the fact that the modulatory effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the sympathetic nerve activity to targeted organs involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation is well acknowledged, the local production of this peptide in the brain and the consequences of enhanced central Ang II beyond the cardiovascular system are not yet well comprehended. In the present study, we generated and validated a new transgenic mouse line overexpressing the rat full-length angiotensinogen (Agt) protein specifically in the brain (Agt-Tg). Adult Agt-Tg mice presented overall increased gene expression of total Agt in the brain including brainstem and hypothalamus. In addition, the excess of Agt led to abundantly detectable brain Ang II levels as well as increased circulating copeptin levels. Agt-Tg displayed raised BP in acute recordings, while long-term telemetrically measured basal BP was indistinguishable from wild-types. Agt-Tg has altered peripheral renin–angiotensin system and vasomotor sympathetic tone homeostasis because renal gene expression analysis, plasma Ang II measurements and ganglionic blockade experiments revealed suppressed renin expression and reduced Ang II and higher neurogenic pressure response, respectively. Plasma and urine screens revealed apparently normal fluid and electrolyte handling in Agt-Tg. Interestingly, hematological analyses showed increased hematocrit in Agt-Tg caused by enhanced erythropoiesis, which was reverted by submitting the transgenic mice to a long-term peripheral sympathectomy protocol. Collectively, our findings suggest that Agt-Tg is a valuable tool to study not only brain Ang II formation and its modulatory effects on cardiovascular homeostasis but also its role in erythropoiesis control via autonomic modulation.
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Gobetto MN, Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Caniffi C, Veiras L, Elesgaray R, Gironacci M, Tomat AL, Arranz C. Fetal and postnatal zinc restriction: sex differences in the renal renin-angiotensin system of newborn and adult Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108385. [PMID: 32388253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate renal morphology and the renal renin-angiotensin system in 6- and 81-day-old male and female offspring exposed to zinc deficiency during fetal life, lactation and/or postnatal growth. Female Wistar rats were fed low- or control zinc diets from pregnancy to offspring weaning. Afterwards, offspring were fed a low- or a control zinc diet until 81 days of life. In 6- and/or 81-day-old offspring, we evaluated systolic blood pressure, renal morphology, renal angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 concentration, and AT1 and AT2 receptors and angiotensin-converting enzymes protein and/or mRNA expression. At 6 days, zinc-deficient male offspring showed decreased glomerular filtration areas, remodelling of renal arteries, greater number of renal apoptotic cells, increased levels of Angiotensin II, higher Angiotensin II/Angiotensin 1-7 ratio and increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 1, AT1 and AT2 receptors mRNA and/or protein expression. Exacerbation of the renal Ang II/AT1 receptor axis and remodelling of renal arteries were also observed in adult zinc-deficient male offspring. An adequate zinc diet during post-weaning life did not improve all the alterations induced by zinc deficiency in early stages of development. Female offspring would appear to be less sensitive to zinc deficiency with no increase in blood pressure or significant alterations in renal morphology and the renin-angiotensin system. Moderate zinc deficiency during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal development leads to early morphological renal alterations and to permanent and long-term changes in the renal renin-angiotensin system that could predispose to renal and cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Natalia Gobetto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Veiras
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Research Bldg., Rm. 2007.110N, George Burns Rd., Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Rosana Elesgaray
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Junín 956, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Lorena Tomat
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cristina Arranz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Jara ZP, Icimoto MY, Yokota R, Ribeiro AA, Dos Santos F, de Souza LE, Watanabe IKM, Franco MDC, Pesquero JL, Irigoyen MC, Casarini DE. Tonin Overexpression in Mice Diminishes Sympathetic Autonomic Modulation and Alters Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 5:365. [PMID: 30729109 PMCID: PMC6352559 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tonin, a serine-protease that forms Angiotensin II (AngII) from angiotensinogen, is increased in failing human heart samples. Increased blood pressure (BP) and decreased heart rate (HR) variabilities are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Losartan has been used to reduce hypertension and, therefore, lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. Determination of tonin's impact on BP and HR variabilities as well as the impact of losartan remain questions to be elucidated. Aim: Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic profile in transgenic mice overexpressing the rat tonin enzyme TGM'(rton) and the impact of AT1 receptor blocker, losartan. Methods: Male C57BL/6 (WT) and TGM'(rTon) mice were cannulated for recording BP (Windaq, 4 MHz) for 30 min at baseline and 30 min after losartan injection (20 mg/kg). BP and HR variabilities were analyzed in time and frequency domain method. Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components were identified for sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations analysis. Ang I, AngII, and Ang1-7 were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography method. The total enzymatic activity for AngI, AngII, and Ang1-7 formation was evaluated in the heart and plasma by Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: At the baseline TGM'(rTon) exhibited higher BP, lower cardiac LF, higher cardiac HF, lower LF/HF, and lower alpha index than wild type (WT). After losartan injection, TGM'(rTon) mice presented an additional decrease in cardiac LF and increase in HF in relation to baseline and WT. In the vasculature, losartan caused decreased in BP and LF of systolic BP in WT mice in relation to its baseline. A similar effect was observed in the BP of TGM'(rTon) mice; however, LF of systolic BP increased compared to baseline. Our data also indicates that AT1R receptor signaling has been altered in TGM’(rTon)mice. Interestingly, the dynamics of the renin-angiotensin system kinetics change, favoring production of Ang1-7. Conclusion: Autonomic evaluation of TGM’(rTon) mice indicates an unclear prognosis for diseases that affect the heart. HR variability in TGM’(rTon) mice indicates high risk of morbidity, and sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation indicate low risk of morbidity. The low risk of morbidity could be the biased production of Ang1-7 in the heart and circulation; however, the altered response of AT1R in the TGM’(rTon) remains to be elucidated, as well aswhether that signaling is pro-protection or pro-pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Palomino Jara
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marcelo Yudi Icimoto
- Departmento de Biofisica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Yokota
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Ribeiro
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ezequiel de Souza
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Franco
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Järve A, Todiras M, Lian X, Filippelli-Silva R, Qadri F, Martin RP, Gollasch M, Bader M. Distinct roles of angiotensin receptors in autonomic dysreflexia following high-level spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:173-181. [PMID: 30315807 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a syndrome caused by loss of supraspinal control over sympathetic activity and amplified vascular reflex upon sensory stimuli below injury level, is a major health problem in high-level spinal cord injury (SCI). After supraspinal sympathetic control of the vasculature below the lesion is lost, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is thought to be involved in AD by regulating blood pressure and vascular reactivity. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of different RAS receptors during AD following SCI. Therefore, we induced AD by colorectal distention (CRD) in wild-type mice and mice deficient in the RAS components angiotensin (Ang) II type 1a receptor (AT1a) (Agtr1a-/-) and Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas (Mas-/-) four weeks after complete transection of spinal cord at thoracic level 4 (T4). Systemic blood pressure measurements and wire myography technique were performed to assess hemodynamics and the reactivity of peripheral arteries, respectively. CRD increased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and decreased heart rate (HR) in all three animal groups. However, we found less increases in MAP in Mas-/- mice compared to control mice after CRD, whereas AT1a deficiency did not affect the hemodynamic response. We found that the reactivity of wild-type and Mas-/- mesenteric arteries, which are innervated from ganglia distal but close to thoracic level T4, was diminished in response to Ang II in AD after T4-SCI, but this difference was not observed in the absence of AT1a receptors. CRD did not influence the reactivity of femoral arteries which are innervated from ganglia more distal to thoracic level T4, in response to Ang II in AD. In conclusion, we identified a specific role of the Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas in regulating the systemic blood pressure increase in AD in T4-SCI mice. Furthermore, AT1a signaling is not involved in this hemodynamic response, but underlies increased vascular reactivity in mesenteric arteries in response to Ang II, where it may contribute to adaptive changes in regional blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Järve
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Lian
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Filippelli-Silva
- Department of Biophysics, UNIFESP Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renan P Martin
- Department of Biophysics, UNIFESP Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Nephrology/Intensive Care, Virchow Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Ribeiro AA, Amorim RP, Palomino ZJ, de Paula Lima M, Moraes-Silva IC, Souza LE, Pesquero JL, Irigoyen MC, Casarini DE. (Pro)renin receptor expression in myocardial infarction in transgenic mice expressing rat tonin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:817-825. [PMID: 29102794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has been implicated as a renin/prorenin receptor, and plays a role in local renin angiotensin system activation. Our goal was to investigate whether a transgenic mouse that expresses rat tonin [TGM'(rTon)] can regulate (P)RR mRNA levels. Control (C) and TGM'(rTon) animals were subdivided into the C sham, C MI, TGM'(rTon) sham, and TGM'(rTon) MI groups. The levels of tonin, (P)RR, and renin were determined using RT-PCR mRNA. Tonin activity as determined by RIE was significantly increased in the TGM'(rTon) sham group as compared to the C sham group in the atrium (AT) and right ventricle (RV), respectively. In most mice, tonin mRNA levels were significantly reduced compared to those in the TGM'(rTon) sham group in the atria. In this structure, the (P)RR mRNA levels were statistically significantly reduced in the TGM'(rTon) sham and TGM'(rTon) MI groups compared to the control groups. However, the (P)RR mRNA values were significantly increased when we compared the TGM'(rTon) MI vs TGM'(rTon) sham groups. In the RV, the renin mRNA levels in the TGM'(rTon) sham group were significantly reduced compared to the C sham group. Tonin overexpression may act in the regulation of (P)RR mRNA levels during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Ribeiro
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca Padrao Amorim
- Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Zaira J Palomino
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Luiz Pesquero
- Department of Biophisics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Brazil.
| | | | - Dulce E Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Ribeiro AA, Palomino Z, Lima MP, Souza LE, Ferreira DS, Pesquero JB, Irigoyen MC, Pesquero JL, Casarini DE. Characterization of the renal renin-angiotensin system in transgenic mice that express rat tonin. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015. [PMID: 26216430 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315595572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tonin is an enzyme that is able to generate angiotensin II (Ang II) from angiotensin I (Ang I) or directly from angiotensinogen. Our goal was to characterize the renal renin-angiotensin system in transgenic mice that express rat tonin (TGM`(rTon)). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were euthanized and the kidneys removed for analysis. Tonin activity was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity by HPLC. Tonin, ACE and angiotensin II-converting enzyme (ACE2) expression was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Tonin activity was significantly increased in TGM`(rTon) compared to their respective wild-type (WT) littermates (1.7 ± 0.21 vs 0.11 ± 0.02 nmol of Ang II/min/mg of protein). Tonin activity had a strong positive correlation with tonin expression in both TGM`(rTon) and their respective wild-type littermates. The ACE activity and expression levels of 65-kDa N-domain angiotensin I-converting enzyme isoform were significantly increased in the TGM`(rTon) when compared with WT. ACE2 expression levels were statistically significantly higher in the TGM`(rTon) when compared with WT. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang(1-7)) and Ang I levels were significantly lower in the TGM`(rTon). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the environment of tonin abundance may increase N-domain ACE activity liberated by a secretase able to cleave somatic ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Zaira Palomino
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Mércia P Lima
- Department of Basic Nursing, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro E Souza
- Heart Institute, Medical School of University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João B Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Irigoyen
- Heart Institute, Medical School of University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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Cavalcanti DMLP, Castro LM, Rosa Neto JC, Seelaender M, Neves RX, Oliveira V, Forti FL, Iwai LK, Gozzo FC, Todiras M, Schadock I, Barros CC, Bader M, Ferro ES. Neurolysin knockout mice generation and initial phenotype characterization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15426-40. [PMID: 24719317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligopeptidase neurolysin (EC 3.4.24.16; Nln) was first identified in rat brain synaptic membranes and shown to ubiquitously participate in the catabolism of bioactive peptides such as neurotensin and bradykinin. Recently, it was suggested that Nln reduction could improve insulin sensitivity. Here, we have shown that Nln KO mice have increased glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and gluconeogenesis. KO mice have increased liver mRNA for several genes related to gluconeogenesis. Isotopic label semiquantitative peptidomic analysis suggests an increase in specific intracellular peptides in gastrocnemius and epididymal adipose tissue, which likely is involved with the increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the KO mice. These results suggest the exciting new possibility that Nln is a key enzyme for energy metabolism and could be a novel therapeutic target to improve glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro M Castro
- Pharmacology, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil, the Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vitor Oliveira
- the Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fábio L Forti
- the Department of Biochemistry, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leo K Iwai
- the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Gozzo
- the Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mihail Todiras
- the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Ines Schadock
- the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Carlos C Barros
- the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany, and the Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Emer S Ferro
- Pharmacology, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil,
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Pacheco DDF, Pacheco CMDF, Lima MDP, Bader M, Souza ADL, Pesquero JL, Castro Perez A, Duarte IDG. Antinociceptive response in transgenic mice expressing rat tonin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 713:1-5. [PMID: 23665491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) may be produced directly from angiotensinogen by tonin. Studies have demonstrated that Ang II and its metabolite Ang-(1-7) produce antinociception in pain animal models. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the transgenic mice that express rat tonin (TGM(rTon)) show altered nociceptive behavior and investigate the possible involvement of angiotensin metabolites. Nociception was evaluated using the thermal tail-flick and chemical acetic acid writhing tests, and the drugs were administered by intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous pathways, respectively. Probabilities less than 5% (P<0.05) were considered to be statistically significant (t test; ANOVA/Bonferroni's test). The results demonstrate that the transgenic mice showed an antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick and acetic acid writhing tests. In addition, it was observed that losartan, an AT₁ receptor antagonist and A-779 (D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7)), a Mas receptor antagonist attenuated the antinociceptive behavior. Our data suggest that the Ang II produced in TGM(rTon) induces antinociception via the AT₁ receptor, while the Ang-(1-7) produced from Ang II induced antinociception via the Mas receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela da Fonseca Pacheco
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31.270.100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Damasceno DD, Lima MP, Motta DF, Ferreira AJ, Quintão-Junior JF, Drummond LR, Natali AJ, Almeida AP, Pesquero JL. Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 181:30-6. [PMID: 23318501 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms of interaction between tonin-angiotensin and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) we evaluated, "in vivo" and "in vitro", in Wistar rats, cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration. Arterial pressure (AP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded in awake animals before and after tonin administration. Langendorff technique was used to analyze cardiac function in isolated heart in the presence of tonin and video motion edge detection system was used to evaluate the effect of tonin upon contractile function of isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. After tonin infusion rats presented significantly higher diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) as compared with control. The ECG analysis revealed shorter RR interval, increase in the low-frequency (LF) range of the heart rate variability (HRV) power (%) and decrease in the high-frequency (HF) of HRV power (%). Isolated hearts perfused with tonin presented an increase in the arterial coronary pressure (ACP) and decline in the ventricular systolic tension (ST), maximal (dT/dt+) and minimal (dT/dt) contractility. The rates of contraction and relaxation of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were significantly increased due to the presence of tonin. The angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the coronary sinus effluent increased in the presence of tonin in a dose-dependent manner and the effect of tonin upon ACP was completely blocked by candesartan. Tonin is able to generate the vasoconstrictor peptide Ang II in the isolated heart of the rat and the cardiovascular response induced by tonin was completely blocked by candesartan, an indication that the action of Ang II on Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptors is the major mechanism of the heart effects. Tonin affects cardiomyocyte contractile function which may be due to interference with Ca(2+) handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Damasceno
- Department of Educational Development, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, MG, Brazil.
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11
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The Prorenin and (Pro)renin Receptor: New Players in the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System? Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:290635. [PMID: 23316344 PMCID: PMC3536329 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain renin-angiotensin (RAS) system plays an essential role in
the development of hypertension, mainly through the modulation of autonomic activities
and vasopressin release. However, how the brain synthesizes angiotensin (Ang) II has
been a debate for decades, largely due to the low renin activity. This paper first
describes the expression of the vasoconstrictive arm of RAS components in the brain as
well as their physiological and pathophysiological significance. It then focus on the
(pro)renin receptor (PRR), a newly discovered component of the RAS which has a high
level in the brain. We review the role of prorenin and PRR in peripheral organs and
emphasize the involvement of brain PRR in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Some
future perspectives in PRR research are heighted with respect to novel therapeutic
target for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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12
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Baltatu OC, Campos LA, Bader M. Local renin-angiotensin system and the brain--a continuous quest for knowledge. Peptides 2011; 32:1083-6. [PMID: 21333703 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ancient renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was discovered more than a hundred years ago by identifying the rate-limiting enzyme of the system and its relevance to blood pressure regulation. Forty years ago, Detlev Ganten et al. postulated the existence of a tissue RAS. In these forty years, he kept developing the knowledge of these systems either directly or by training or attracting the interest of many researchers. Through the present review, we try to highlight recent advancements that originated from the postulation of local brain RAS. Although a large amount of knowledge accumulated, this system continues to intrigue and stimulate the interest and imagination of many researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu C Baltatu
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, University Camilo Castelo Branco, Rod. Presidente Dutra Km 138, SP, 12247-004 São José dos Campos, Brazil
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13
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The 3rd International Symposium on Kallikreins and Kallikrein-Related Peptidases. Biol Chem 2010; 391:295-7. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
No abstract available
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