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Sajic T, Ferreira Gomes CK, Gasser M, Caputo T, Bararpour N, Landaluce-Iturriria E, Augsburger M, Walter N, Hainard A, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fracasso T, Thomas A, Gilardi F. SMYD3: a new regulator of adipocyte precursor proliferation at the early steps of differentiation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:557-566. [PMID: 38148333 PMCID: PMC10978492 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes a remodeling process characterized by increased adipocyte size (hypertrophia) and number (hyperplasia). The ability to tip the balance toward the hyperplastic growth, with recruitment of new fat cells through adipogenesis, seems to be critical for a healthy adipose tissue expansion, as opposed to a hypertrophic growth that is accompanied by the development of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the fine-tuned regulation of adipose tissue expansion are far from being understood. METHODS We analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) samples collected from C57BL6 mice fed with a HFD for 8 weeks. A subset of these mice, called low inflammation (Low-INFL), showed reduced adipose tissue inflammation, as opposed to those developing the expected inflammatory response (Hi-INFL). We identified the discriminants between Low-INFL and Hi-INFL vWAT samples and explored their function in Adipose-Derived human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-hMSCs) differentiated to adipocytes. RESULTS vWAT proteomics allowed us to quantify 6051 proteins. Among the candidates that most differentiate Low-INFL from Hi-INFL vWAT, we found proteins involved in adipocyte function, including adiponectin and hormone sensitive lipase, suggesting that adipocyte differentiation is enhanced in Low-INFL, as compared to Hi-INFL. The chromatin modifier SET and MYND Domain Containing 3 (SMYD3), whose function in adipose tissue was so far unknown, was another top-scored hit. SMYD3 expression was significantly higher in Low-INFL vWAT, as confirmed by western blot analysis. Using AD-hMSCs in culture, we found that SMYD3 mRNA and protein levels decrease rapidly during the adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, SMYD3 knock-down before adipocyte differentiation resulted in reduced H3K4me3 and decreased cell proliferation, thus limiting the number of cells available for adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes an important role of SMYD3 as a newly discovered regulator of adipocyte precursor proliferation during the early steps of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sajic
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Gasser
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Bararpour
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Marc Augsburger
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Walter
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Hainard
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Tony Fracasso
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Jazieh C, Arabi TZ, Asim Z, Sabbah BN, Alsaud AW, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295967. [PMID: 38323108 PMCID: PMC10845351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
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Humardani FM, Mulyanata LT, Dwi Putra SE. Adipose cell-free DNA in diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:191-197. [PMID: 36549639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated necrosis is a well-known source of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). However, the origins of cfDNA are not strictly limited to cancer. Additionally, dietary exposure induces apoptosis-induced proliferation in adipocytes, leading to the release of cfDNA. The genetic information derived from cfDNA as a result of apoptosis-induced proliferation contains specific methylation patterns in adipose tissue that can be used as a marker to detect the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the future. cfDNA is superior to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and whole blood samples for reflecting tissue pathology due to the frequent use of PBL and whole blood samples that do not match tissue pathology. The difficulty of demonstrating that cfDNA is derived from adipose tissue. We propose several promising techniques by analyzing cfDNA derived from adipose tissue to detect T2DM risk. First, adipose-specific genes such as ADIPOQ and Leptin were utilized. Second, MCTA-Seq, EpiSCORE, deconvolution, multiplexing, and automated machine learning (AutoML) were used to determine the proportion of total methylation in related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Raya Kalingrungkut Road, Kali Rungkut, State of Rungkut, Surabaya City, East Java 60293, Indonesia.
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