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Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, Quintana DD, White RC, Richmond AA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Liu JA, Becker-Krail DD, Walton JC, Simpkins JW, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Acute exposure to artificial light at night alters hippocampal vascular structure in mice. iScience 2023; 26:106996. [PMID: 37534143 PMCID: PMC10391664 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the cardiovascular system are modulated across the day by circadian rhythms, making this system susceptible to circadian rhythm disruption. Recent evidence demonstrated that short-term exposure to a pervasive circadian rhythm disruptor, artificial light at night (ALAN), increased inflammation and altered angiogenic transcripts in the hippocampi of mice. Here, we examined the effects of four nights of ALAN exposure on mouse hippocampal vascular networks. To do this, we analyzed 2D and 3D images of hippocampal vasculature and hippocampal transcriptomic profiles of mice exposed to ALAN. ALAN reduced vascular density in the CA1 and CA2/3 of female mice and the dentate gyrus of male mice. Network structure and connectivity were also impaired in the CA2/3 of female mice. These results demonstrate the rapid and potent effects of ALAN on cerebrovascular networks, highlighting the importance of ALAN mitigation in the context of health and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Dominic D Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Rhett C White
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Alexandra A Richmond
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- WVU Cancer Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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2
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Block KI, Gyllenhaal C, Grutsch JF, Block PB, Kazlausky T, Blask D, Carome E, Reynolds J, Huff DFQ, Hrushesky W. Advanced cancer patients in a randomized clinical trial of night-simulating eyeglasses observed to have a normal 24-h circadian rhythm during chemotherapy. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221100137. [PMID: 35646366 PMCID: PMC9134428 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cancer patients routinely exhibit dysfunctional circadian organization.
Indeed, a dysfunctional circadian organization is a hallmark of advanced
cancer. A cohort of advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy was
recruited to investigate whether manipulating exposure to blue light could
restore or ameliorate their circadian organization. Methods: Thirty advanced metastatic cancer patients participated in a randomized
crossover trial to evaluate whether blue light-blocking night-simulating
eyeglasses could ameliorate a disrupted circadian organization better than
sham eyeglasses. Circadian organization was evaluated by actigraphy and
patients’ self-reports of sleep, fatigue, and quality of life.
Kruskal–Wallis tests compared patients’ outcomes in circadian organization
with a cohort of non-cancer, disease-free individuals with normal sleep as a
negative control, and with advanced cancer patients with disrupted circadian
organization as a positive control. Quality-of-life outcomes of the patients
were compared with population-based controls (negative controls) and with
cohorts of advanced cancer patients (positive controls). Results: Actigraphy measurements, self-reported sleep, fatigue levels, and
quality-of-life outcomes of trial participants were similar to those of
negative controls with a normal circadian organization, in spite of the
trial patients’ concurrent chemotherapy. Night-simulating glasses did not
improve circadian organization. The 24-h correlation of day-to-day rhythms
of rest and activity was 0.455 for the experimental eyeglasses and 0.476 for
the sham eyeglasses (p = 0.258). Actigraphic and
patient-reported outcomes compared favorably to outcomes of positive
controls. Conclusion: The circadian organization of patients in this study unexpectedly resembled
that of healthy controls and was better than comparison populations with
disrupted circadian organization. The study clinic implements
chronomodulated chemotherapy and a systematic, supportive integrative
treatment protocol. Results suggest a need for further research on
interventions for circadian rhythm. Although the study intervention did not
benefit the participants, this work highlights the value of supporting
circadian time structure in advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith I Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte Gyllenhaal
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Penny B Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
| | | | - David Blask
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Justin Reynolds
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
- Wellmont Cancer Institute, Bristol, TN, USA
| | | | - William Hrushesky
- Rhythmalytics, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
- Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., Ardsley, NY, USA
- Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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4
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Maes M, Rachayon M, Jirakran K, Sodsai P, Klinchanhom S, Debnath M, Basta-Kaim A, Kubera M, Almulla AF, Sughondhabirom A. Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict the Phenome of Affective Disorders and These Effects Are Mediated by Staging, Neuroimmunotoxic and Growth Factor Profiles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091564. [PMID: 35563878 PMCID: PMC9105661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) enhance pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant responses. In affective disorders, recent precision nomothetic psychiatry studies disclosed new pathway phenotypes, including an ROI—reoccurrence of illness (ROI)—oxidative stress latent construct. The aim of the present study is to delineate a) whether ACEs sensitize the M1 macrophage, the T helper cells (Th)1, Th2, and Th17, the IRS (immune-inflammatory-responses system), the CIRS (compensatory immunoregulatory system), and the neuroimmunotoxic and growth factor (GF) profiles and whether they are associated with ROI and the phenome of affective disorders and b) the molecular pathways underpinning the effects of the ACEs. We collected supernatants of stimulated (5 μg/mL of PHA and 25 μg/mL of LPS) and unstimulated diluted whole blood in 20 healthy controls and 30 depressed patients and measured a panel of 27 cytokines/GF using a Luminex method. ACEs (comprising mental and physical trauma, mental neglect, domestic violence, family history of mental disease, and parent loss) are accompanied by the increased stimulated, but not unstimulated, production of M1, Th1, Th2, Th17, IRS, neuroimmunotoxic, and GF profiles and are strongly correlated with ROI and the phenome. A latent vector extracted from the ROI features (recurrent episodes and suicidal behaviors) and the IRS/neuroimmunotoxic/GF profiles explains 66.8% of the variance in the phenome and completely mediates the effects of ACEs on the phenome. Enrichment analysis showed that the ACE-associated sensitization of immune/GF profiles involves JAK-STAT, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, G-protein coupled receptor, PI3K/Akt/RAS/MAPK, and hypoxia signaling. In summary, the ACE-induced sensitization of immune pathways and secondary immune hits predicts the phenome of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Muanpetch Rachayon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- Maximizing Thai Children’s Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Klinchanhom
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029, India;
| | - Agnieska Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Atapol Sughondhabirom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University and The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.F.A.); (A.S.)
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5
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Mastrullo V, van der Veen DR, Gupta P, Matos RS, Johnston JD, McVey JH, Madeddu P, Velliou EG, Campagnolo P. Pericytes' Circadian Clock Affects Endothelial Cells' Synchronization and Angiogenesis in a 3D Tissue Engineered Scaffold. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867070. [PMID: 35387328 PMCID: PMC8977840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from existing ones, is a fundamental process in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. While it is known to be affected by circadian rhythms in vivo, its peripheral regulation within the vasculature and the role it performs in regulating the interplay between vascular cells have not yet been investigated. Peripheral clocks within the vasculature have been described in the endothelium and in smooth muscle cells. However, to date, scarce evidence has been presented regarding pericytes, a perivascular cell population deeply involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and vessel maturation, as well as endothelial function and homeostasis. More crucially, pericytes are also a promising source of cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Here, we established that human primary pericytes express key circadian genes and proteins in a rhythmic fashion upon synchronization. Conversely, we did not detect the same patterns in cultured endothelial cells. In line with these results, pericytes' viability was disproportionately affected by circadian cycle disruption, as compared to endothelial cells. Interestingly, endothelial cells' rhythm could be induced following exposure to synchronized pericytes in a contact co-culture. We propose that this mechanism could be linked to the altered release/uptake pattern of lactate, a known mediator of cell-cell interaction which was specifically altered in pericytes by the knockout of the key circadian regulator Bmal1. In an angiogenesis assay, the maturation of vessel-like structures was affected only when both endothelial cells and pericytes did not express Bmal1, indicating a compensation system. In a 3D tissue engineering scaffold, a synchronized clock supported a more structured organization of cells around the scaffold pores, and a maturation of vascular structures. Our results demonstrate that pericytes play a critical role in regulating the circadian rhythms in endothelial cells, and that silencing this system disproportionately affects their pro-angiogenic function. Particularly, in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, considering the effect of circadian rhythms may be critical for the development of mature vascular structures and to obtain the maximal reparative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mastrullo
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Chronobiology Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Daan R van der Veen
- Chronobiology Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando S Matos
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Chronobiology Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - John H McVey
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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6
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A multidisciplinary perspective on the complex interactions between sleep, circadian, and metabolic disruption in cancer patients. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1055-1071. [PMID: 34958429 PMCID: PMC8825432 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a basic need that is frequently set aside in modern societies. This leads to profound but complex physiological maladaptations in the body commonly referred to as circadian disruption, which recently has been characterized as a carcinogenic factor and reason for poor treatment outcomes, shortened survival, and reduced quality of life in cancer patients. As sleep and circadian physiology in cancer patients spans several disciplines including nursing science, neurology, oncology, molecular biology and medical technology, there is a lack of comprehensive and integrated approaches to deal with this serious and growing issue and at best a fractionated understanding of only part of the problem among researchers within each of these segments. Here, we take a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively review the diagnosis and impact of sleep and circadian disruption in cancer patients. We discuss recent discoveries on molecular regulation of the circadian clock in healthy and malignant cells, the neurological and endocrine pathways controlling sleep and circadian rhythmicity, and their inputs to and outputs from the organism. The benefits and drawbacks of the various technologies, devices, and instruments used to assess sleep and circadian function, as well as the known consequences of sleep disruption and how sleep can be corrected in cancer patients, will be analyzed. We will throughout the review highlight the extensive crosstalk between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolic pathways involved in malignancy and identify current knowledge gaps and barriers for addressing the issue of sleep and circadian disruption in cancer patients. By addressing these issues, we hope to provide a foundation for further research as well as better and more effective care for the patients in the future.
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7
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Cirillo M. Sedation-Led chEmotherapy Evades Pain (S.L.E.E.P.). RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.7.e71271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and other invasive therapies are often limited by side effects, pain and negative experiences that can limit adherence to the therapy itself. Such negative components add to the patient's depressive state due to the disease. This research project proposes the use of deep sedation during chemotherapy sessions or other disabling therapies in the treatment of tumors or other severe diseases. The proposed protocol provides for an ad hoc hospitalization which could be during the night, during the day or limited to a few hours. Administration during sleep eliminates the memory and the negative impact the treatment has on the rest of the patient's daily life. This approach also agrees with the evidence of the circadian rhythm of cellular repair processes, which is greater at sunrise and sunset and linked to a good quantity and quality of sleep. In conclusion, this project aims to reduce the negative impact and increase the adherence to and efficacy of the therapy itself.
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8
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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9
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Astone M, Santoro MM. Time to fight: targeting the circadian clock molecular machinery in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1164-1184. [PMID: 33549826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a wide range of molecular pathways and biological processes. The expression of clock genes is often altered in cancer, fostering tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition and activation of core circadian clock genes, as well as treatments that restore circadian rhythmicity, have been successful in counteracting tumor growth in different experimental models. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of studies that show the therapeutic effects of targeting the clock molecular machinery in cancer, both genetically and pharmacologically. We also highlight future areas for progress that offer a promising path towards innovative anticancer strategies. Substantial limitations in the current understanding of the complex interplay between the circadian clock and cancer in vivo need to be addressed in order to allow clock-targeting therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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10
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Wang Z, Su G, Dai Z, Meng M, Zhang H, Fan F, Liu Z, Zhang L, Weygant N, He F, Fang N, Zhang L, Cheng Q. Circadian clock genes promote glioma progression by affecting tumour immune infiltration and tumour cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12988. [PMID: 33442944 PMCID: PMC7941241 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Circadian rhythm controls complicated physiological activities in organisms. Circadian clock genes have been related to tumour progression, but its role in glioma is unknown. Therefore, we explored the relationship between dysregulated circadian clock genes and glioma progression. Materials and Methods Samples were divided into different groups based on circadian clock gene expression in training dataset (n = 672) and we verified the results in other four validating datasets (n = 1570). The GO and GSEA enrichment analysis were conducted to explore potential mechanism of how circadian clock genes affected glioma progression. The single‐cell RNA‐Seq analysis was conducted to verified previous results. The immune landscape was evaluated by the ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithm. Cell proliferation and viability were confirmed by the CCK8 assay, colony‐forming assay and flow cytometry. Results The cluster and risk model based on circadian clock gene expression can predict survival outcome. Samples were scoring by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, and high scoring tumour was associated with worse survival outcome. Samples in high‐risk group manifested higher activation of immune pathway and cell cycle. Tumour immune landscape suggested high‐risk tumour infiltrated more immunocytes and more sensitivity to immunotherapy. Interfering TIMELESS expression affected circadian clock gene expression, inhibited tumour cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Conclusions Dysregulated circadian clock gene expression can affect glioma progression by affecting tumour immune landscape and cell cycle. The risk model can predict glioma survival outcome, and this model can also be applied to pan‐cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanhua Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinic Medicine of 5-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengzheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Yao PL, Peavey J, Malek G. Leveraging Nuclear Receptors as Targets for Pathological Ocular Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082889. [PMID: 32326149 PMCID: PMC7215709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are physiological mechanisms occurring throughout the body. Any disruption to the precise balance of blood vessel growth necessary to support healthy tissue, and the inhibition of abnormal vessel sprouting has the potential to negatively impact stages of development and/or healing. Therefore, the identification of key regulators of these vascular processes is critical to identifying therapeutic means by which to target vascular-associated compromises and complications. Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that have been shown to be involved in modulating different aspects of vascular biology in many tissues systems. Most recently, the role of nuclear receptors in ocular biology and vasculopathies has garnered interest. Herein, we review studies that have used in vitro assays and in vivo models to investigate nuclear receptor-driven pathways in two ocular vascular diseases associated with blindness, wet or exudative age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The potential therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors for ocular diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy Peavey
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-684-0820
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Mastrullo V, Cathery W, Velliou E, Madeddu P, Campagnolo P. Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering: As Nature Intended? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:188. [PMID: 32266227 PMCID: PMC7099606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the steady increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of tissue engineered constructs, solutions delivered to the clinic are still limited. Specifically, the lack of mature and functional vasculature greatly limits the size and complexity of vascular scaffold models. If tissue engineering aims to replace large portions of tissue with the intention of repairing significant defects, a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms and players regulating the angiogenic process is required in the field. This review will present the current material and technological advancements addressing the imperfect formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mastrullo
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - William Cathery
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Zaichko K, Stanislavchuk M, Zaichko N. Circadian fluctuations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in females with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:549-554. [PMID: 32025851 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease associated with circadian disorders of steroid hormones or cytokine secretion which induce inflammatory, destructive and proliferative processes in the synovial joints. Angiogenesis plays an important role in RA, but circadian rhythms of the angiogenic mediator production, especially endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), are still unclear. NOS3 takes part in regulation of endothelial functions, inflammation, and bone remodeling process. Studying circadian rhythms of NOS3 production in RA patients will make an improvement in understanding the angiogenic-inflammatory pathways relevant to rheumatic diseases. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of a diurnal variation in circulating levels of NOS3 in RA patients. A cross-sectional monocentric pilot study of circadian variability of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a Ukrainian population was conducted between March and July 2017. We examined 36 RA patients (100% women) and 34 age-matched healthy women without joint diseases and autoimmune diseases (control). Blood samples were collected four times per day (at 08:00; 14:00; 20:00 and 02:00) for two consecutive days. Serum NOS3 concentration was measured by ELISA (Cloud-Clone Corp kit). The study was conducted in compliance with bioethical standards. The SPSS22 software package was used for statistical processing of the results. A diurnal variation in circulating levels of NOS3 in healthy women was established, with peak values appearing in the evening and acrophase at 20:00, and low values in the morning, with batiphase at 08:00. In patients with RA serum, NOS3 levels were substantially decreased throughout the day compared to the control. In RA patients, a diurnal variation in circulating levels of NOS3 was also established. However, the variability of NOS3 production was higher in RA patients than in the control group. For example, in RA patients the difference between morning/evening values of NOS3 was 1.3 times higher (p < 0.05) than in the control. Negative correlations were found between the morning NOS3 levels and RA activity markers such as DAS28 and the number of tender and swollen joints. The diurnal variation in circulating levels of NOS3 in women with RA as well as in healthy women was found. However, in RA patients, a decrease in NOS3 production was observed, especially in the morning, which was associated with an increase in the disease activity. Thus, the circadian rhythm of circulating NOS3 can be opposite to the circadian rhythm of secretion of main inflammatory regulators in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Zaichko
- Department of Internal Medicine No.1, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine.
| | - Mykola Stanislavchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine No.1, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Zaichko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
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Zaichko K, Zaichko N, Maievskyi O, Korotkyi O, Falalyeyeva T, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Abenavoli L, Stanislavchuk M. Circadian Rhythms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Toll-like Receptors 2 Production in Females with Rheumatoid Arthritis Depending on NOS3 Gene Polymorphism. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2020; 15:145-151. [PMID: 32297585 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200416143512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune polygenic disease characterized by rapid disability progression and high prevalence. Progression of RA is closely associated with chronobiological changes in the production of some hormones and inflammatory mediators, influencing the disease course and therapy efficacy. The main pathogenetic mechanism of RA is angiogenesis, which is controlled by biological clock-genes. Further investigation of circadian rhythms of angiogenic mediators production in RA patients may be considered as important and relevant. The aim of this study was to establish daily variability of serum endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3) and toll-like receptors 2 (sTLR2) levels in female RA patients depending on the NOS3 gene polymorphism. METHODS We examined 173 RA patients (100% female) aged 43.7 ± 7.35 years and 34 age-matched healthy women without joint diseases and autoimmune diseases (control). RA was diagnosed by ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Blood serum NOS3 and sTLR2 levels were determined at 08:00 and 20:00 using Cloud-Clone Corp kits (USA). NOS3 T-786С (rs2070744) polymorphism was determined by Real-Time PCR (Bio-Rad iCycler IQ5) using SNP-express kits. The SPSS22 software package was used for statistical processing of the results. RESULTS Females with RA demonstrated oppositely directed serum NOS3 and sTLR2 daily changes: NOS3 level in the morning (08:00) was lower than in the evening (+ 45.5 ± 30.7%), and sTLR2 level in the evening (at 20:00) was lower than in the morning (-21.6 ± 13.1%). RA patients had differences in NOS3 and sTLR2 production depending on NOS3 T786C genotype. CC subjects had NOS3 level at 08:00, 20:00 and day average levels lower (16-25%), and sTLR2 level higher (24-27%) than those of TT subjects. RA patients, carriers of CC genotype, had higher chances of NOS3 and sTLR2 aberrant production compared to TT and TC genotype carriers (OR = 2.99 and 4.79, respectively). CONCLUSION RA patients demonstrated oppositely directed circadian changes of serum NOS3 and sTLR2. CC genotype carriers had lower NOS3 and higher sTLR2 production rates than TT and TC genotype carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Zaichko
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Zaichko
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maievskyi
- Institute Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Korotkyi
- Institute Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Institute Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Janjić K, Agis H. Chronodentistry: the role & potential of molecular clocks in oral medicine. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30760278 PMCID: PMC6375164 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular clocks help organisms to adapt important physiological functions to periodically changing conditions in the environment. These include the adaption of the 24 h sleep-wake rhythm to changes of day and night. The circadian clock is known to act as a key regulator in processes of health and disease in different organs. The knowledge on the circadian clock led to the development of chronopharmacology and chronotherapy. These fields aim to investigate how efficiency of medication and therapies can be improved based on circadian clock mechanisms. In this review we aim to highlight the role of the circadian clock in oral tissues and its potential in the different fields of dentistry including oral and maxillofacial surgery, restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontics and orthodontics to trigger the evolving field of chronodentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith I Block
- 1 Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
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17
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Yoon K, Min K, Chun H, Jang SN, Cho SI. Effect change of obesity on diabetes depending on measurement: self-reported body mass index from 2012 Community Health Survey vs. directly measured from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2015; 37:e2015001. [PMID: 25666235 PMCID: PMC4371389 DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among young and middle-aged adults in South Korea. To elaborate on the association between obesity and Diabetes mellitus (DM), subjective data from self-reporting survey or objective data from health examination is generally used. This study was conducted to validate the change of association from using these different measurements. METHODS Community Health Survey data and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, as subjective and objective data respectively, were used. Population, resident in Seoul and over 45 aged, were selected for the study and the association between obesity and DM were defined by using multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS In subjective data, DM prevalence was 12.4% (male, 14.7; female, 10.6) and obesity prevalence was 26.0% (male, 29.2; female, 23.4). Whereas, in objective data, DM prevalence was 15.0% (male, 17.8; female, 12.9), and obese population was 32.4% (male, 34.4; female, 30.8). Based on the effect of obesity on DM prevalence from each data, using objective data increased the impact of obesity. Difference of relative risk of obesity between from subjective data and from objective was bigger in female than male and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The differences of association pattern between subjective and objective data were found, due to higher obesity prevalence in objective data, and discrepancies of socio-economic status. These discrepancies could be inevitable Therefore we have to face them proactively, and understand the different aspect of various variables from different measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhyun Yoon
- Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul; Korea
| | - Kyungduk Min
- Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul; Korea
| | - Heeran Chun
- School of Health Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea
| | - Soong-Nang Jang
- Nursing Science Research Institute and College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul; Korea
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Block KI, Block PB, Gyllenhaal C. Integrative therapies in cancer: modulating a broad spectrum of targets for cancer management. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:113-8. [PMID: 25601968 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414567473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative medicine is an approach to health and healing that "makes use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing." A comprehensive integrative medicine intervention for cancer patients typically includes nutritional counseling, biobehavioral strategies, and promotion of physical activity, as well as dietary supplements including herbs, nutraceuticals, and phytochemicals. A broad-spectrum intervention of this type may contribute uniquely to improvement in cancer outcomes through its impact on a wide variety of relevant molecular targets, including effects on multiple cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks that may be particularly affected include genetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, deregulated metabolism, and immune system evasion. Because of their susceptibility to manipulation by diet, exercise, and supplementation, these may be characterized as metabolic hallmarks. Research on the use of comprehensive integrative approaches can contribute to the development of systems of multitargeted treatment regimens and would help clarify the combined effect of these approaches on cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith I Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Penny B Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
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