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Ferede A, Abera Wordofa M, Belachew T. Behavior change intervention to sustain iodide salt utilization in households in Ethiopia and study of the effect of iodine status on the growth of young children: community trial. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16849. [PMID: 38549782 PMCID: PMC10977086 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring systems in a broad range of countries are a notable effort to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). This study aimed to gather data on the amount of iodide present in table salt and how household consumption patterns affect children's iodine status and its effect on their growth. Methods A single treatment arm community trial study design was designed. Lower community units (LCUs) were chosen at random from districts assigned either intervention or control. From a list of LCUs, 834 mothers and their paired children were chosen randomly. Urine and table salt samples were collected and examined in the national food and nutrition laboratory. The deference between arms was determined using a t test, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to forecast parameters. Results The mean iodide content in the table salt samples of 164 (98.1%) was 45.3 ppm and a standard deviation (SD) of 14.87, which were above or equal to the recommended parts per million (ppm). Between the baseline survey and the end-line survey, the mean urine iodine concentration (UIC) was 107.7 µg/L (+/- 8.64 SD) and 260.9 µg/L (+/- 149 SD). Children's urine iodine excretion (UIE) had inadequate iodine in 127 (15.2%) children at the beginning of the study, but only 11 (2.6%) of the intervention group still had inadequate iodine at the end. The childrens' mean height (Ht) was 83.1 cm (+/-10 SD) at baseline and 136.4 cm (+/-14 SD) at the end of the survey. Mothers knew a lot (72%) about adding iodized salt to food at the end of cooking, and 183 (21.9%) of them did so regularly and purposefully. A total of 40.5% of children in the intervention group had stunted growth at baseline, which decreased to 15.1% at the end of the study but increased in the control group to 51.1%. The mean difference (MD) of urine iodine concentration (UIC) between intervention and control groups was 97.56 µg/L, with a standard error (SE) of 9.83 (p = 0.001). The end-line Ht of children in the intervention group was increased by 7.93 cm (β = 7.93, p = 0.005) compared to the control group. Conclusions Our research has shown that mothers who embraced healthy eating habits had perceived improvements in both the iodine status and height growth of their children. In addition to managing and using iodine salt, it has also introduced options for other healthy eating habits that will also play a significant role in their children's future development. This sort of knowledge transfer intervention is essential for the sustainability of society's health. Therefore, this trial's implications revealed that the intervention group's iodine status and growth could essentially be improved while the control group continued to experience negative effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT048460 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Ferede
- Department of Public Health, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Pereira MG, Machado A, Leite A, Rangel M, Bordalo A, Rangel AOSS, Mesquita RBR. Microfluidic Paper-Based Device Incorporated with Silica Nanoparticles for Iodide Quantification in Marine Source Dietary Supplements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1024. [PMID: 38339741 PMCID: PMC10857764 DOI: 10.3390/s24031024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans due to its fundamental role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. As a key parameter to assess health conditions, iodine intake needs to be monitored to ascertain and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodine is available from various food sources (such as seaweed, fish, and seafood, among others) and dietary supplements (multivitamins or mineral supplements). In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to quantify iodide in seaweed and dietary supplements is described. The developed μPAD is a small microfluidic device that emerges as quite relevant in terms of its analytical capacity. The quantification of iodide is based on the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iodine, which acts as the catalyst to produce the blue form of TMB. Additionally, powder silica was used to intensify and uniformize the colour of the obtained product. Following optimization, the developed μPAD enabled iodide quantification within the range of 10-100 µM, with a detection limit of 3 µM, and was successfully applied to seaweeds and dietary supplements. The device represents a valuable tool for point-of-care analysis, can be used by untrained personnel at home, and is easily disposable, low-cost, and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda G. Pereira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.G.P.); (A.O.S.S.R.)
| | - Ana Machado
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.); (A.B.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Adriano Bordalo
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.); (A.B.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António O. S. S. Rangel
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.G.P.); (A.O.S.S.R.)
| | - Raquel B. R. Mesquita
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.G.P.); (A.O.S.S.R.)
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Liu X, Wang J, Li Y, Tan H, Li X, Mao D, Liu Y, Li W, Yu W, Lu J, Yan J, Piao J, Yang L, Guo C, Liu X, Yang X. Re-exploration of dietary iodine intake in Chinese adult males using a modified iodine balance study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1308-1315. [PMID: 36876640 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
There is still controversy about optimal dietary iodine intake as the Universal Salt Iodization policy enforcement in China. A modified iodine balance study was thus conducted to explore the suitable iodine intake in Chinese adult males using the iodine overflow hypothesis. In this study, thirty-eight apparently healthy males (19·1 (sd 0·6) years) were recruited and provided with designed diets. After the 14-d iodine depletion, daily iodine intake gradually increased in the 30-d iodine supplementation, consisting of six stages and each of 5 d. All foods and excreta (urine, faeces) were collected to examine daily iodine intake, iodine excretion and the changes of iodine increment in relation to those values at stage 1. The dose-response associations of iodine intake increment with excretion increment were fitted by the mixed effects models, as well as with retention increment. Daily iodine intake and excretion were 16·3 and 54·3 μg/d at stage 1, and iodine intake increment increased from 11·2 μg/d at stage 2 to 118·0 μg/d at stage 6, while excretion increment elevated from 21·5 to 95·0 μg/d. A zero iodine balance was dynamically achieved as 48·0 μg/d of iodine intake. The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake were severally 48·0 and 67·2 μg/d, which could be corresponded to a daily iodine intake of 0·74 and 1·04 μg/kg per d. The results of our study indicate that roughly half of current iodine intakes recommendation could be enough in Chinese adult males, which would be beneficial for the revision of dietary reference intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Reference Laboratory for Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqian Mao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Yan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Piao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichen Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongzheng Guo
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
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Woldeyohannes M, Girma M, Petros A, Hussen A, Samuel A, Dinssa DA, Challa F, Laillou A, Chitekwe S, Baye K, Noor R, Donze AS, Tollera G, Dangiso MH, Tadesse L, Zelalem M, Tessema M. Ethiopia National Food and Nutrition Survey to inform the Ethiopian National Food and Nutrition Strategy: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067641. [PMID: 37185190 PMCID: PMC10151871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ethiopia has made significant progress in reducing malnutrition in the past two decades. Despite such improvements, a substantial segment of the country's population remains chronically undernourished and suffers from micronutrient deficiencies and from increasing diet-related non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer. This survey aims to assess anthropometric status, dietary intake and micronutrient status of Ethiopian children, women and adolescent girls. The study will also assess coverage of direct and indirect nutrition-related interventions and map agricultural soil nutrients. The survey will serve as a baseline for the recently developed Ethiopian Food System Transformation Plan and will inform the implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Strategy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS As a population-based, cross-sectional survey, the study will collect data from the 10 regions and 2 city administrations of Ethiopia. The study population will be women of reproductive age, children aged 0-59 months, school-aged children and adolescent girls. A total of 16 596 households will be surveyed, allowing the generation of national and regional estimates. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure will be used to select households. In the first stage, 639 enumeration areas (EAs) will be selected using probability-proportional-to-size allocation. In the second stage, 26 eligible households will be selected within each EA using systematic random selection. Primary outcomes include coverage of direct and indirect nutrition interventions, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, food insecurity, dietary intakes, mental health, anthropometric status, micronutrient status and soil nutrient status. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was fully reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (protocol no: EPHI-IRB-317-2020). The study is based on voluntary participation and written informed consent is required from study participants. The findings will be disseminated via forums and conferences and will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Woldeyohannes
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Girma
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemnesh Petros
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Hussen
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aregash Samuel
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Danial Abera Dinssa
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feyissa Challa
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Kaleab Baye
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Getachew Tollera
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesay Hailu Dangiso
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lia Tadesse
- Ethiopia Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Masresha Tessema
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Machado A, Gonçalves C, Moreira P, Pinho O, Padrão P, Silva-Santos T, Rodrigues M, Norton P, Bordalo AA. Iodine intake assessment in the staff of a Porto region university (Portugal): the iMC Salt trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03149-1. [PMID: 37079158 PMCID: PMC10117252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is an ongoing worldwide recognized problem with over two billion individuals having insufficient iodine intake. School-aged children and pregnant women are often target groups for epidemiological studies, but there is a lack of knowledge on the general adult population. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status among a Portuguese public university staff as a proxy for the adult working population. METHODS The population study covered 103 adults within the iMC Salt randomized clinical trial, aged 24-69 years. Urinary iodine concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Iodine food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The contribution of discretionary salt to the iodine daily intake was assessed through 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UIE) and potentiometric iodine determination of household salt. RESULTS The mean urine volume in 24 h was 1.5 L. The median daily iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE was 113 µg/day, being lower among women (p < 0.05). Only 22% of participants showed iodine intake above the WHO-recommended cutoff (150 µg/day). The median daily iodine intake estimated from the 24-h dietary recall was 58 µg/day (51 and 68 µg/day in women and men, respectively). Dairy, including yoghurt and milk products, were the primary dietary iodine source (55%). Iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE and 24-h dietary recall was moderately correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.34, p < 0.05). The average iodine concentration in household salt was 14 mg I/kg, with 45% of the samples below the minimum threshold preconized by WHO (15 mg I/kg). The contribution of discretionary salt to the daily iodine intake was around 38%. CONCLUSION This study contributes new knowledge about iodine status in Portuguese working adults. The results revealed moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in women. Public health strategies and monitoring programs are needed to ensure iodine adequacy in all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Machado
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Silva-Santos
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Micaela Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Norton
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriano A Bordalo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Li Y, Wang J, Liu X, Li W, Mao D, Lu J, Li X, Tan H, Liu Y, Yan J, Yu W, Guo C, Liu X, Yang X. Re-exploring the requirement of dietary iodine intake in Chinese female adults based on 'iodine overflow theory'. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1467-1478. [PMID: 36651989 PMCID: PMC10030447 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We re-explored the basal iodine requirement based on healthy Chinese female and a new iodine overflow theory was proposed for iodine balance study. METHODS Thirty-six Chinese healthy female adults (age 20.7 ± 1.1) were recruited for this study, which included 40 days low iodine depletion period and six stages of 30 days supplementation period. Uniform diets with low iodine were provided and the content of iodine in the diet was regulated by dairy products. The total iodine intake from food and the total iodine excretion through 24-h urine and staged feces were completely gathered and monitored. The incremental (Δ) intake and excretion over the range were calculated. RESULTS The iodine intake and excretion were 13.6 μg/day and 48.6 μg/day at the first stage, respectively. The incremental iodine intakes and excretions were 21.1 μg/day to 120.3 μg/day and 25.8 μg/day to 105.4 μg/day for the supplementation stages, respectively. According to the 'iodine overflow theory', the zero iodine balance (Δ iodine intake = Δ iodine excretion) derived from a mixed effect model indicated a mean iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d (1.0 μg/d kg). The RNI for iodine to healthy Chinese female adult was 73.1 μg/d (1.4 μg/d kg). CONCLUSION A daily iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d may meet the basal iodine requirement for healthy Chinese female adults, and Chinese female may need more than 20% iodine intake than male based on the 'iodine overflow theory'. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in May 2018 (No: ChiCTR1800016184).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, No. 360, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqian Mao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- National Reference Laboratory for iodine deficiency disorders, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Yan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongzheng Guo
- Changzhi Medical College, No. 360, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Milevska-Kostova N, Miladinova D, Kuzmanovska S, Majstorov V, Ittermann T, Völzke H. Universal salt iodization potentially contributes to health equity: socio-economic status of children does not affect iodine status. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1154-1160. [PMID: 35976132 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have shown that socio-economic status (SES) contributes to health inequalities, with nutrition as one of the major risk factors. Iodine intake entirely depends on external sources, and deficiencies are known to be more prevalent in lower social groups, especially in countries with limited access to iodized salt. This study aimed to determine the influence of SES on iodine status and iodine availability from household salt in North Macedonia. METHODS Using cluster sampling, 1,200 children were recruited, and 1,191 children participated (response rate: 99.2%). Iodine status was assessed through urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and iodine availability through iodine content in household salt requested from participants. SES was assessed using standardized Family Affluence Score (FAS). RESULTS No statistically significant correlation was found between FAS and iodine in salt. Median regression revealed no significant associations of middle vs. low FAS (β=0.00; 95%-confidence interval (CI)=[-0.61, 0.62]; p=0.999) or high vs. low affluence (β=0.48; 95% CI=[-1.37, 0.41]; p=0.291) with iodine content in household salt. UIC levels were significantly lower in middle FAS children compared to low FAS children (β=-16.4; 95% CI=[-32.3, -0.5]; p=0.043). No statistically significant differences in UIC were found between children with high and low affluence (β=-12.5; 95% CI=[-35.5, 10.5]; p=0.287), possibly due to lowered statistical power for this comparison. CONCLUSIONS Universal salt iodization (USI) proves to be a cost-effective measure for appropriate iodine intake in healthy children and adults, irrespective of their social status. It can thus be concluded that USI contributes to reducing health inequalities related to iodine status among population of different social strata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Miladinova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Kuzmanovska
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Venjamin Majstorov
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Till Ittermann
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Kaya E, Usta M, Emecen Ö, Yıldırmak S. Interference of preservatives on urinary iodine measurement by Sandell–Kolthoff method. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:498-503. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kaya
- Master of Science Degree Program in Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Murat Usta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ömer Emecen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Sembol Yıldırmak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Chip-Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Iodine in a Multi-Syringe Flow Platform with and without In-Line Digestion-Application to Salt, Pharmaceuticals, and Algae Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041325. [PMID: 35209114 PMCID: PMC8877039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a flow-based spectrofluorimetric method for iodine determination was developed. The system consisted of a miniaturized chip-based flow manifold for solutions handling and with integrated spectrofluorimetric detection. A multi-syringe module was used as a liquid driver. Iodide was quantified from its catalytic effect on the redox reaction between Ce(IV) and As(III), based on the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. The method was applied for the determination of iodine in salt, pharmaceuticals, supplement pills, and seaweed samples without off-line pre-treatment. An in-line oxidation process, aided by UV radiation, was implemented to analyse some samples (supplement pills and seaweed samples) to eliminate interferences and release iodine from organo-iodine compounds. This feature, combined with the fluorometric reaction, makes this method simpler, faster, and more sensitive than the classic approach of the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. The method allowed iodine to be determined within a range of 0.20–4.0 µmol L−1, with or without the in-line UV digestion, with a limit of detection of 0.028 µmol L−1 and 0.025 µmol L−1, respectively.
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10
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Lopes-Pereira M, Roque S, Costa P, Quialheiro A, Santos NC, Goios A, Vilarinho L, Correia-Neves M, Palha JA. Impact of iodine supplementation during preconception, pregnancy and lactation on maternal thyroid homeostasis and offspring psychomotor development: protocol of the IodineMinho prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:693. [PMID: 33187482 PMCID: PMC7664061 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable brain harm and cognitive impairment in children. Portuguese women of childbearing age, pregnant women and their progeny were shown to have inadequate iodine intake. Consequently, the Portuguese Health Authorities have recommended a daily supplementation with 150-200 µg iodine in preconception, pregnancy, and lactation. The IodineMinho study intends to evaluate whether (i) this recommendation impacted on the prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women from the Minho region of Portugal, (ii) the time of initiation of iodine supplementation (if any) influences the serum levels of thyroid hormones at several intervals during pregnancy and (iii) there are serum thyroid-hormone parameters in the 1st trimester of pregnancy that predict psychomotor development of the child at 18 months of age. METHODS Most Portuguese women are followed throughout pregnancy in community Family Health Units, where family physicians may choose to follow the National recommendation or other, concerning iodine sufficiency. This study will recruit women (N = 304) who intend to become pregnant or are already pregnant from 10 representative Units. Physician's approach and prescriptions, sociodemographic, nutrition and clinical information will be obtained at baseline and throughout pregnancy. To evaluate endocrine function, blood and urine samples will be collected at recruitment, once in each trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and 3 months after delivery. Breastmilk samples will be collected for iodine and energy content analysis. Children will be evaluated for psychomotor development at 18 months. Maternal thyroid volume will be evaluated by ultrasound scan at baseline, in the 3rd trimester and at 3 months after delivery. DISCUSSION Iodine deficiency early during development precludes children from achieving full intellectual capabilities. This protocol describes a study that is innovative and unique in its detailed and comprehensive evaluation of maternal and child endocrine and psychomotor parameters. By evaluating the effectiveness of the iodine supplementation recommendation, it will contribute to the public health systems' efforts to provide excellence in maternal and infant care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04288531 . Registered 28 February 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopes-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
- Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Anna Quialheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Nadine Correia Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal.
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