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Lee WM, King WC, Janssen HL, Ghany MG, Fontana RJ, Fried M, Sterling RK, Feld JJ, Wang J, Mogul DB, Cooper SL, Di Bisceglie AM. Hepatitis B e antigen loss in adults and children with chronic hepatitis B living in North America: A prospective cohort study. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1526-1538. [PMID: 34355475 PMCID: PMC8622507 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a soluble viral protein in plasma of patients with hepatitis B virus infection. HBeAg loss is an important first stage of viral antigen clearance. We determined the rate and predictors of HBeAg loss in a North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B viral infection (CHB). Among children and adults with CHB and without HIV, HCV or HDV co-infection enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network prospective cohort studies, 819 were HBeAg positive at their first assessment (treatment naïve or >24 weeks since treatment). Of these, 577 (200 children, 377 adults) were followed every 24-48 weeks. HBeAg loss was defined as first HBeAg-negative value; sustained HBeAg loss was defined as ≥2 consecutive HBeAg-negative values ≥24 weeks apart. During a median follow-up of 1.8 years, 164 participants experienced HBeAg loss, a rate of 11.4 (95% CI, 9.8-13.3) per 100 person-years. After adjustment for confounders, HBeAg loss rate was significantly higher in males than females, in older than younger individuals, in Whites or Blacks than Asians, in those with genotype A2 or B versus C, and in those with basal core promoter/pre-core mutations versus wild type. Additionally, during follow-up, an ALT flare and a lower quantitative HBsAg, quantitative HBeAg or HBV DNA level predicted higher rates of HBeAg loss. The majority (88%) with HBeAg loss had sustained HBeAg loss. In conclusion, a number of specific demographic, clinical and viral characteristics impacted rate of HBeAg loss and may prove useful in design and interpretation of future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy C. King
- Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Harry L.A. Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Richard K. Sterling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | - Junyao Wang
- Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Stewart L. Cooper
- California Pacific Medical Center & Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
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Xu B, Yang Q, Tang Y, Tan Z, Fu H, Peng J, Xiang X, Gan L, Deng G, Mao Q, Xu PX, Jiang Y, Ding J. SIX1/EYA1 are novel liver damage biomarkers in chronic hepatitis B and other liver diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:992. [PMID: 34277792 PMCID: PMC8267256 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) and eyes absent 1 (EYA1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and other liver diseases. Methods SIX1 and EYA1 levels were detected in human serum and liver tissues by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescent staining method, respectively. Results The serum SIX1 and EYA1 levels in 313 CHB patients were 7.24±0.11 and 25.21±0.51 ng/mL, respectively, and these values were significantly higher than those in 33 healthy controls (2.84±0.15 and 13.11±1.01 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.05). Serum SIX1 and EYA1 levels were also markedly increased in patients with numerous other liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, fulminant hepatic failure, autoimmune liver disease, and hepatitis C, compared to the healthy controls (P<0.05). Dynamic observation of these proteins over time in 35 selected CHB patients revealed that SIX1 and EYA1 serum levels increased over an interval. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that both SIX1 and EYA1 were only expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and their increased expression was evident in CHB liver tissue. Conclusions SIX1 and EYA1 are novel biomarkers of liver damage in patients of CHB and other liver diseases, with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Health Management Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Gan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianqiang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Using the Cobas ® HBV Test for Use on the Cobas ® 4800 System. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030573. [PMID: 33799562 PMCID: PMC7999133 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sensitive and accurate nucleic acid amplification technologies are now recommended for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection and quantification in clinical practice to diagnose and monitor hepatitis B infection. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical and clinical performance of the cobas® HBV Test on the cobas® 4800 System. (2) Methods: Standard panel and clinical specimens were tested in parallel with three different real-time commercial PCR assays including the cobas ® HBV Test, the Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas® TaqMan HBV Test v2.0 and Alinity™ m HBV assay. (3) Results: The specificity of the cobas® HBV Test was 97.9%. The limit of detection was estimated to be 2.1 IU/mL. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation varied from 0.14% to 1.92% and 2.16% to 12.02%, respectively. HBV DNA levels in patients infected with different HBV genotypes strongly correlated with those measured by the two other commercial comparators assays. (4) Conclusions: The cobas® HBV Test can be confidently used to detect and accurately quantify HBV DNA in clinical practice as well as in clinical trials with the new anti-HBV drugs currently in development.
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He T, Li J, Ouyang Y, Lv G, Ceng X, Zhang Z, Ding J. FibroScan Detection of Fatty Liver/Liver Fibrosis in 2266 Cases of Chronic Hepatitis B. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:113-119. [PMID: 32832390 PMCID: PMC7438355 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: FibroScan is used to determine liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (referred to as CAP) scores in patients, including those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We used FibroScan to detect the incidence of fatty liver and fibrosis in CHB patients, and to assess the correlation of FibroScan measurements with blood chemistry tests. Methods: CHB patients enrolled in this study were divided independently for three separate analyses (of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver) based on FibroScan results. Basic information, blood chemistry test results, liver fibrosis parameters, and FibroScan results were collected. T-tests and Pearson's analyses were used to analyze the correlations between FibroScan liver stiffness measurement/CAP values and liver function, blood fat, uric acid metabolite, fibrosis, and hepatitis B virus load. Results: A total of 2266 CHB patients were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: non-significant and significant fibrosis; non-cirrhosis and early cirrhosis; and non-fatty and fatty liver. Spearman's statistical analyses showed that liver stiffness measurement or CAP values correlated with sex (r=0.137), age (r=0.119),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (r=0.082), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (r=-0.172), gamma-glutamyltransferase (r=0.225), albumin (r=0.150), globulin (r=-0.107), total bilirubin (r=-0.132), direct bilirubin (r=-0.145), white blood cell count (r=0.254), hemoglobin (r=0.205), platelets (r=0.206), total cholesterol (r=0.214), high density lipoprotein (r=-0.243), low density lipoprotein (r=0.255), apolipoprotein B (r=0.217), hyaluronic acid (r=-0.069), laminin (r=-0.188), procollagen type IV (r=-0.067)and hepatitis B viral DNA load (r=-0.216). Conclusions: FibroScan is a non-invasive device that can detect the occurrence of fatty liver or liver fibrosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshan He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Guotao Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ceng
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Jianqiang Ding, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1Jiazi Road, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, China. Tel: +86-15218853076, E-mail: ; Zhiqiao Zhang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1Jiazi Rd, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, China. Tel: +86-15876129625, E-mail:
| | - Jianqiang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Jianqiang Ding, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1Jiazi Road, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, China. Tel: +86-15218853076, E-mail: ; Zhiqiao Zhang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1Jiazi Rd, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, China. Tel: +86-15876129625, E-mail:
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Aretzweiler G, Leuchter S, Simon CO, Marins E, Frontzek A. Generating timely molecular diagnostic test results: workflow comparison of the cobas® 6800/8800 to Panther. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:951-957. [PMID: 31526152 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1665999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Molecular diagnostic tests for HBV, HCV and HIV-1 and other pathogens are widely used for clinical management. Practical issues related to workflow and labor requirements need to be characterized to inform selection of the most appropriate system. Research design and methods: We compared the workflow of two high-throughput systems: cobas 6800 (Roche) and Panther (Hologic), using average mid-size laboratory test volumes for five different assays (HIV-1, HBV, HCV, HPV or TV, and CT/NG). Results: Set-up time, time to first results, time to last results, and total hands-on time for cobas 6800 was 0.40, 2.47, 7.12, and 0.98 hours, respectively; on the Panther system, these times were 0.75, 2.7, 9.1, and 1.48 hours. Fifty-seven samples had results available at the first time point on cobas 6800 compared to 5 samples on the Panther system. The Panther system required more manual steps including several with potential risks of contamination or error. The number of reagents items required was 5 for cobas 6800 and 40 for the Panther system. Conclusions: Both systems provided a high level of automation. The cobas 6800 platform had shorter start up, time to first result, time to last result and hands-on times than the Panther system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Aretzweiler
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
| | - Susanne Leuchter
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
| | | | - Ed Marins
- Roche Molecular Systems , Pleasanton , CA , USA
| | - Andre Frontzek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
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Di Bisceglie AM, King WC, Lisker-Melman M, Khalili M, Belle SH, Feld JJ, Ghany MG, Janssen HL, Lau D, Lee WM, Ling SC, Cooper S, Rosenthal P, Schwarz KB, Sterling RK, Teckman JH, Terrault N. Age, race and viral genotype are associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen in children and adults with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:856-865. [PMID: 30974509 PMCID: PMC6592737 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is an important serological marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is associated with higher levels of viraemia, increased risk of infectivity to others and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. We analysed HBeAg status in a large cohort of adults and children enrolled in Cohort Studies of the Hepatitis B Research Network, long-term natural history studies of chronic HBV infection. A cross-sectional analysis examined factors associated with HBeAg positivity, including demographic and virologic data, across the age spectrum. Among 2241 enrolled participants who met criteria for this analysis, 825 (37%) were seropositive for HBeAg. The prevalence of HBeAg was lower in those with older age, ranging from 85% among those up to 10 years of age to only 12% among those older than 50 years. In addition to age, both race and HBV genotype were independently associated with HBeAg positivity. There was a significant interaction between age and race; the prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher among Asians > 10-30 years old vs Whites or Blacks who were >10 to 30 years old and those infected with HBV genotype C. Conversely, the presence of the basal core promoter and precore variants was associated with significantly lower prevalence of HBeAg, even when adjusted for age, race and genotype. These data will provide a better understanding of factors associated with seropositivity for HBeAg and may lead to better strategies for preventing HBV infection and broader indications for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy C. King
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Mandana Khalili
- University of California at San Francisco, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | - Steven H. Belle
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | - Marc G. Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Harry L.A. Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | - Daryl Lau
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | | | - Simon C. Ling
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | | | - Philip Rosenthal
- University of California at San Francisco, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
| | | | | | | | - Norah Terrault
- University of California at San Francisco, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto
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Aretzweiler G, Leuchter S, García-Álvarez M, Simon C, Marins E, Paxinos E, Canchola J, Delgado R, Frontzek A. Analytical performance of four molecular platforms used for HIV-1, HBV and HCV viral load determinations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:941-949. [PMID: 31159598 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1624162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Viral load (VL) quantification is important for the management of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1-infected patients. Several semi- or fully automated systems and assays are available that can be used to measure VL for these and other targets. Research design and methods: We assessed the accuracy, genotype/subtype inclusivity, and precision of four VL assays for three viral targets: cobas 4800 (Roche), cobas 6800 (Roche), Aptima (Hologic) and VERIS (Beckman), using WHO standards, cell culture supernatants and clinical samples. Results: Most results were close to expected values, except for significant under-quantification of HIV-1 group O, HBV genotype C, and D at high VL, and HCV genotype 3 by Aptima, and of HIV-1 CRF01_AE and group N and HCV genotype 3 by VERIS. Precision was comparable between tests except for VERIS HCV, which showed more variability. Aptima and cobas 6800 results agreed well with each other except HBV VL at lower VL (<10,000 IU/mL) where Aptima results tended to be higher. Conclusions: Results from different VL assays may not always agree in certain subsets of patients. Clinicians should we aware of these findings when making treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Aretzweiler
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
| | - Susanne Leuchter
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
| | - Mónica García-Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Roche Molecular Systems , Pleasanton , CA , USA
| | - Ed Marins
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Roche Molecular Systems , Pleasanton , CA , USA
| | - Ellen Paxinos
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Roche Molecular Systems , Pleasanton , CA , USA
| | - Jesse Canchola
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Roche Molecular Systems , Pleasanton , CA , USA
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andre Frontzek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Labor Stein , Monchengladbach , Germany
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Dunbar S, Das S. Amplification chemistries in clinical virology. J Clin Virol 2019; 115:18-31. [PMID: 30953805 PMCID: PMC7106405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic methods have evolved and matured considerably over the last several decades and are constantly being evaluated and adopted by clinical laboratories for the identification of infectious pathogens. Advancement in other technologies such as fluorescence, electronics, instrumentation, automation, and sensors have made the overall diagnostic process more accurate, sensitive, and rapid. Nucleic acid based detection procedures, which rely on the fundamental principles of DNA replication have emerged as a popular and standard diagnostic method, and several commercial assays are currently available based on different nucleic acid amplification techniques. This review focuses on the major amplification chemistries that are used for developing commercial assays and discusses their application in the clinical virology laboratory.
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Armas Cayarga A, Perea Hernández Y, González González YJ, Figueredo Lago JE, Valdivia Álvarez IY, Gómez Cordero I, Santos Hernández N, Vega Sánchez H, La Rosa Hernández D, Martínez Pérez EL. Performance characteristics of a fast real-time PCR assay for hepatitis B virus DNA quantification. Biologicals 2019; 58:22-27. [PMID: 30718130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is particularly important for detection of early acute and of occult HBV infection. On the other hand, HBV DNA detection and quantification are essential to diagnose and treat chronic HBV infection. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the real-time PCR SUMASIGNAL VHB (un paso) (Immunoassay Center, Cuba). The clinical and analytical specificity of the assay was 100%. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 0.50 to 2.53% and from 1.23 to 3.03%, respectively. A strong correlation (r=0.926; P<0.001) with the COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test, v2.0 (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) was obtained. The limit of detection using the third WHO international standard for HBV DNA was 377.47 IU/mL. The test was able to detect the most prevalent HBV genotypes (A-G) equally well. In conclusion, the SUMASIGNAL VHB (un paso) is a sensitive, specific, precise and accurate assay for the quantification of serum and plasma HBV DNA. Thus, this simple and fast real-time PCR test can be used as an aid in diagnosing an HBV infection and monitoring drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Armas Cayarga
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba.
| | - Yenitse Perea Hernández
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Yaimé J González González
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Juan E Figueredo Lago
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Irinia Y Valdivia Álvarez
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Ivonne Gómez Cordero
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Niurka Santos Hernández
- National Institute of Gastroenterology (IGE), Havana, Cuba, Calle 25 No. 503 e/ H e I, Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba
| | - Héctor Vega Sánchez
- National Institute of Gastroenterology (IGE), Havana, Cuba, Calle 25 No. 503 e/ H e I, Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba
| | - Deyanira La Rosa Hernández
- National Institute of Gastroenterology (IGE), Havana, Cuba, Calle 25 No. 503 e/ H e I, Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba
| | - Ernesto L Martínez Pérez
- Molecular Biology Department, Centro de InmunoEnsayo (CIE), Calle 134 y Avenida 25 Playa, Apartado Postal 6653, La Habana, CP 11600, Cuba
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Viral Biomarkers in Chronic HBeAg Negative HBV Infection. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100469. [PMID: 30262738 PMCID: PMC6210948 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral biomarkers are important tools for monitoring chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg) negative infection, both in its natural course as well as during and after treatment. The biomarkers consist of antibodies against viral epitopes, viral proteins, and molecular surrogate markers of the quantity and transcriptional activity of the stable episomal HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) which is located in the nuclei of the infected hepatocytes. HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or else viral load measurement in plasma or serum is a marker of HBV replication of major clinical importance. HBV DNA is used for staging and treatment monitoring as described in international scientific guidelines. Quantification of HBV antigens, mainly hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as well as Hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), play an important yet secondary role, especially in cases of low or undetectable HBV DNA and has been evaluated for the classification of the inactive carrier state, as a predictor of subsequent HBsAg clearance, treatment outcome, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The measurement of the replicative intermediate HBV RNA in serum is currently evaluated and may also prove to be a significant biomarker particularly in patients treated with nucleot(s)ide analogs. This review focuses on the viral biomarkers mentioned above and their role in HBV, HBeAg negative, infection.
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