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Delrue C, Speeckaert R, Delanghe JR, Prytuła A, Speeckaert MM. Investigating Vitamin D-Binding Protein's Role in Childhood Health and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6272. [PMID: 38892458 PMCID: PMC11172735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also known as Gc-globulin, is a protein that affects several physiological processes, including the transport and regulation of vitamin D metabolites. Genetic polymorphisms in the DBP gene have a significant impact on vitamin D levels and may have implications for disease risk. DBP polymorphisms are linked to differential immune responses, which could influence the onset of juvenile diseases. This narrative review examines the various roles of DBP, with a focus on bone health, immunological regulation, and lipid metabolism in children. Chronic disorders affected by DBP polymorphisms include bone abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular issues, childhood asthma, allergies, cystic fibrosis, acute liver failure, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic kidney disease. Future research should focus on identifying the processes that underpin the many roles that DBP plays and developing customized therapeutics to improve health outcomes in the juvenile population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | | | - Joris R. Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Agnieszka Prytuła
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, Maenhout T. Factors to take into account when interpreting 25-hydroxy-vitamin D serum levels. Acta Clin Belg 2024; 79:97-102. [PMID: 38454315 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2024.2327218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing vitamin D status, typically evaluated using serum or plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, is complex because of various influencing factors. METHODS Seasonality significantly affects intra-individual variability in 25(OH)D levels. This variation can be addressed by employing cosinor functions that are tailored to the geographical location of the patient to correct for seasonal effects. In addition to seasonality, genetic factors, such as DBP polymorphism and body composition, particularly adiposity, play crucial roles. Dialysis patients with DBP 2-2 phenotype exhibit higher vitamin D requirements. Genotyping/phenotyping of DBP allows for better tailored vitamin D supplementation. The lipid-soluble nature of vitamin D also interacts with plasma components such as serum triglycerides, which can influence vitamin D measurements. Adiposity, which is negatively correlated with vitamin D concentration, necessitates body mass-based mathematical adjustments for accurate vitamin D assessment in subjects with extreme BMI values. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, vitamin D replacement therapy must be personalized, taking into account factors such as body size and seasonal variations, to effectively reach the target serum 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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Stevens CM, Jain SK. Vitamin D/Bone Mineral Density and Triglyceride Paradoxes Seen in African Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study and Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1305. [PMID: 38279305 PMCID: PMC10816015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to have a positive effect on bone health. Despite the greater frequency of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans (AA), they have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to whites, demonstrating a disconnect between BMD and vitamin D levels in AA. Another intriguing relationship seen in AA is the triglyceride (TG) paradox, an unusual phenomenon in which a normal TG status is observed even when patients house conditions known to be characterized by high TG levels, such as Type II diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined whether these two paradoxical relationships exist simultaneously in AA subjects with Type II diabetes. In this study, we compared levels of blood markers, including HbA1c, TG, and vitamin D, measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VD] µM/mL, [25(OH)VD]/TG, calcium, and BMD in AA (n = 56) and white (n = 26) subjects with Type II diabetes to see whether these relationships exist concurrently. We found that AA subjects had significantly lower TG and [25(OH)VD] levels and a significantly higher BMD status compared to white subjects, even when the ages, BMI, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and calcium levels were similar between the two groups. This demonstrates that these two paradoxical relationships exist simultaneously in Type II diabetic AA subjects. In addition to these findings, we discuss the current hypotheses in the literature that attempt to explain why these two intriguing relationships exist. This review also discusses four novel hypotheses, such as altered circulating levels and the potential role of estrogen and hydrogen sulfide on BMD and HMG-CoA reductase as a possible contributor to the TG paradox in AA subjects. This manuscript demonstrates that there are still many unanswered questions regarding these two paradoxical relationships and further research is needed to determine why they exist and how they can be implemented to improve healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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Qi H, Liu H, Zheng P, He J. Lack of association between leptin concentrations and cystic fibrosis: A meta-analysis and regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126129. [PMID: 36992806 PMCID: PMC10040884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin (LEP) acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to assess the quantitative difference in leptin status between CF patients and non-CF controls. METHODS In this study, the researchers conducted systematic searches of various databases, such as PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The data collected from the above databases were assessed using the Stata 11.0 and R 4.1.3 software. The correlation coefficients and the Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) were employed to assess the effect size. A combination analysis was also carried out with the help of either a fixed-effects or random-effects model. In addition, the single-cell sequencing GSE193782 dataset was obtained to determine the mRNA expression levels of LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, to verify the different leptin expression between the CF patients and healthy controls. RESULTS A total of 919 CF patients and 397 controls from 14 articles were included in this study. CF patients and non-CF controls showed similar serum/plasma leptin levels. Gender, specimen testing, age, and study design were all taken into account for carrying out subgroup analyses. The results revealed no variations in serum/plasma leptin levels between the controls and CF patients in the various subgroups. Female CF patients exhibited higher leptin concentrations compared to male CF patients, and male healthy individuals showed lower leptin levels than female healthy participants. Aside from the fact that serum/plasma leptin appeared to be favorably linked to fat mass and BMI, the findings in this study also indicated that serum/plasma concentrations were not associated with Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1). No statistically significant differences were observed in the leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression levels between the healthy controls and CF patients. The leptin receptor and leptin expression levels in alveolar lavage fluid were low in various cells, without any distinctive distribution patterns. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis indicated the absence of significant differences in leptin levels between CF patients and healthy individuals. Gender, fat mass, and BMI may all be correlated with leptin concentrations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022380118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qi
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie He
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Albedewi H, Bindayel I, Albarrag A, Banjar H. Correlation of Gut Microbiota, Vitamin D Status, and Pulmonary Function Tests in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:884104. [PMID: 35757256 PMCID: PMC9218790 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.884104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are expected to have suboptimal serum vitamin D status and altered gut microbiota. The altered gut microbiota is hypothesized to have a pro-inflammatory effect that further complicates the existing respiratory inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests an association between vitamin D and gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status, pulmonary function, and fecal bacteria in children with CF. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 35 children with CF (8.7 ± 2.83 years) and 24 controls without CF (9 ± 2.7 years) were included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D status was measured using the Elecsys vitamin D total II assay. In the CF group, gut microbiota composition was assessed using real-time PCR analysis. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were measured using spirometry. Comparisons between the CF and non-CF controls were conducted using the independent sample t-test. In the CF group, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences in PFTs and gut microbiota composition across the three vitamin D subgroups. The correlations between 25(OH)D status and PFTs, or gut microbiota composition, and PFTs with gut microbiota composition were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Results Children with CF had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels compared with children without CF (44.3 ± 22.4 vs. 59 ± 25.5, respectively, P = 0.026). Children with CF with optimal serum 25(OH)D level had significantly higher levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and total bacteria (P = 0.007, P = 0.007, and P = 0.022, respectively). The level of Firmicutes was found to be significantly higher in mild forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) compared with moderate FEV1 (P = 0.032), whereas the level of the other bacteria species was comparable across FEV1 severity groups. Conclusion Our findings may encourage studies that target and modify gut microbiota to potentially achieve better outcomes in terms of respiratory function in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Albedewi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Bindayel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Banjar
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein and endothelial injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an actin scavenger with a lipid-bound character. Haematologica 2021; 106:923. [PMID: 33645946 PMCID: PMC7927985 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.256131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital; Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels.
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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The Association Between Vitamin D Status and Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rozga M, Handu D. Nutrition Care for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:137-151.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Naderpoor N, Shorakae S, Abell SK, Mousa A, Joham AE, Moran LJ, Stepto NK, Spritzer PM, Teede HJ, de Courten B. Bioavailable and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein in polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationships with obesity and insulin resistance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:209-215. [PMID: 28734987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition characterised by both reproductive and metabolic features (obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes risk). Some evidence suggests that women with PCOS have lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the main carrier of vitamin D in circulation and plays an important role in regulating vitamin D concentration and bioavailability for target tissues. To our knowledge, no previous studies have examined DBP, bioavailable and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in women with PCOS. The primary aim of this study was to compare DBP, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D concentrations in women with PCOS and controls. The secondary aim was to investigate relationships between DBP, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D and metabolic features (anthropometric measures, insulin resistance, and lipid profile). In a cross sectional study using bio-banked samples, we measured 25(OH)D, DBP and albumin. Bioavailable and free 25(OH)D were calculated using previously validated formula. BMI, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) and glucose infusion rate (GIR) from hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and serum lipids (ELISA) were also measured in a physically and biochemically well-characterised cohort of women with and without PCOS. We studied 90 women with PCOS and 59 controls aged 18-48 years. DBP concentrations were lower in PCOS compared to controls (median [IQR]: 443.40 [314.4] vs 482.4 [156.8] μg/ml, p=0.02). No significant differences were found in bioavailable or free 25(OH)D concentrations between groups. DBP was not associated with BMI, percent body fat or markers of insulin resistance (all p>0.2). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was the main determinant of DBP in the overall cohort (β=-0.12, p=0.02), after adjusting for covariates including PCOS/control status, age, BMI, total 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR. In PCOS, total and free 25(OH)D were related to markers of insulin resistance and lipids. Only the associations between free 25(OH)D and triglycerides (p=0.02), and HDL (p=0.03) remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI. In conclusion, women with PCOS had lower DBP, but similar bioavailable or free 25(OH)D concentrations compared to controls, independent of BMI and age. DBP was not associated with insulin resistance or BMI in PCOS. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathophysiology and clinical implications of reduced DBP in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Soulmaz Shorakae
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally K Abell
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anju E Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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Musiał K, Zwolińska D. Fractional excretion as a new marker of tubular damage in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:99-106. [PMID: 29421151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), retinol-binding protein (RBP)4, and heat shock proteins (hsp) are markers of tubular function and apoptosis, accompanying chronic kidney disease (CKD) from its earliest stages. Fractional excretion of proteins with urine is a marker of tubular damage. The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of fractional excretion (FE) of VDBP, RBP4, HSF1 and Hsp27 as markers of tubular damage in the course of CKD. METHODS The study group consisted of 70 children with CKD stages 1-5, treated conservatively, and 12 age-matched controls with normal kidney function. The serum and urine concentrations of VDBP, RBP4, HSF1 and Hsp27 were assessed by ELISA. The fractional excretion of analyzed parameters was calculated according to the formula: ([parameter urine concentration] × [creatinine serum concentration]) / ([parameter serum concentration] × [creatinine urine concentration])×100%. RESULTS The FE values of all parameters exceeded 1% in CKD stage 2. However, the values of FE have raised significantly versus control group no sooner than CKD stage 2 (RBP4 and HSF1), stage 3 (VDBP) or stage 4 (Hsp27). CONCLUSION Fractional excretion of RBP4 and HSF1 with urine may become a valuable marker, assessing the damage of tubular cells in children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, Poland.
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, Poland
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Shahin WA, Hamed DHED, El enbaby NAM, Sharaf SAE, Mahmoud RAK, El-Falaki MM. Vitamin D and its binding protein in children with cystic fibrosis: A single center study. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Serrano-Mendioroz I, Sampedro A, Mora MI, Mauleón I, Segura V, Enríquez de Salamanca R, Harper P, Sardh E, Corrales FJ, Fontanellas A. Vitamin D-binding protein as a biomarker of active disease in acute intermittent porphyria. J Proteomics 2015; 127:377-85. [PMID: 25979770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of hepatic porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). The disease is characterized by life threatening acute neurovisceral attacks. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites secreted by the hepatocytes that reflect differential metabolic status in the liver and that may predict response to the acute attack treatment. Plasma vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) from a mouse model of AIP displayed an abnormal migration in 2D-electrophoresis that is efficiently recovered upon gene therapy leading to liver specific over-expression of the PBGD protein. The change in VDBP mobility results from a differential isoelectric point suggesting a post-translational modification that takes place preferably in the liver. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of human samples before and after glycosidase treatment revealed glycosylated plasma VDBP specifically in patients with recurrent attacks of AIP. Glycosylated VDBP recovered normal values in three severely afflicted AIP patients submitted to therapeutic liver transplantation. Our findings suggest that post-translational modification of VDBP might be considered as a promising biomarker to study and monitor the liver metabolic status in patients with AIP. SIGNIFICANCE We describe an increased glycosylation of VDBP in porphyric livers. Normal glycosylation was recovered upon liver gene therapy in a mouse model of porphyria or after liver transplantation in severely afflicted patients with AIP. Moreover, quantification of glycosylated VDBP by our ELISA immunoassay or LC-MS protocol in patients undergoing PBGD-gene therapy (www.aipgene.org) may be used as a marker indicating improvement or normalization of the patient's hepatic metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Sampedro
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Mora
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain; Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, CIMA, University of Navarra, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Spain
| | - Itsaso Mauleón
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, CIMA, University of Navarra, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Spain
| | | | - Pauline Harper
- Porphyria Centre Sweden, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Sardh
- Porphyria Centre Sweden, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando José Corrales
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain; Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, CIMA, University of Navarra, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Spain; CIBEREHD, University Clinic Navarra, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Fontanellas
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain; CIBEREHD, University Clinic Navarra, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Norton L, Page S, Sheehan M, Mazurak V, Brunet-Wood K, Larsen B. Prevalence of Inadequate Vitamin D Status and Associated Factors in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 30:111-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533614562839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Norton
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Page
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Vera Mazurak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bodil Larsen
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Herscovitch K, Dauletbaev N, Lands LC. Vitamin D as an anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:154-62. [PMID: 24332502 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation in the airways that lead to progressive lung damage and early death. Current anti-inflammatory therapies are limited by extensive adverse effects or insufficient efficacy. There is a large body of studies indicating beneficial anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D. Since most patients with CF present with vitamin D deficiency, and serum vitamin D levels demonstrate a positive correlation with lung function and negative correlation with airway inflammation and infection, correcting vitamin D deficiency may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in CF. The function of vitamin D is intricately tied to its metabolism, which may be impaired at multiple steps in patients with CF, with a potential to limit the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation. It is likely that the aforementioned beneficial properties of vitamin D require supplementation with doses of vitamin D markedly higher than those recommended to maintain proper bone function. This review will illustrate the potential for supplementation with vitamin D or its metabolites to modulate inflammation and improve defence against chronic infection in CF lung, as well as appropriate vitamin D supplementation strategies for improving lung function in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Herscovitch
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Dauletbaev
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larry C Lands
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre.
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Zhang X, Meng H, Xu L, Zhang L, Shi D, Feng X, Lu R, Chen Z. Vitamin d-binding protein levels in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:783575. [PMID: 24899892 PMCID: PMC4036603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/783575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is the main transport protein of vitamin D and plays an important role in the immune system and host defenses. The purpose of this study was to measure DBP levels in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), in comparison to healthy controls, with the goal of elucidating the relationship between DBP and GAgP. Fifty-nine GAgP patients and 58 healthy controls were recruited for the study; clinical parameters of probing depths (PD), bleeding index, and attachment loss (AL) were recorded. DBP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. From the results, GAgP patients had higher plasma DBP concentrations (P < 0.001) but lower GCF DBP concentrations (P < 0.001) than healthy controls. In GAgP group, after controlling the potential confounders of age, gender, smoking status, and BMI index, GCF DBP concentrations correlated negatively with PD (P < 0.001) and AL (P = 0.009). Within the limits of the study, we concluded that decreased GCF DBP level and increased plasma DBP level are associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- *Huanxin Meng:
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong Shi
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Ortea I, Roschitzki B, Ovalles JG, Longo JL, de la Torre I, González I, Gómez-Reino JJ, González A. Discovery of serum proteomic biomarkers for prediction of response to infliximab (a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory analysis. J Proteomics 2012; 77:372-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Meng H, Sun X, Xu L, Zhang L, Shi D, Feng X, Lu R, Chen Z. Elevation of vitamin D-binding protein levels in the plasma of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:74-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Despite the inclusion of extra vitamin D in their regimen of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation, cystic fibrosis patients remain chronically depleted of vitamin D. The persistence of suboptimal vitamin D status is often blamed on the maldigestion and malabsorption of fat. However, the mitigated success of recent clinical trials with high-dose vitamin D supplementation suggests that vitamin D bioavailability might be impaired in these patients. Given the growing understanding of the importance of this vitamin in the regulation of multiple biological functions beyond skeletal health, the present review analyzes the current literature by addressing each step of vitamin D metabolism and action in the context of this life-limiting pathology. In addition, it highlights the importance of vitamin D in relation to organs and or conditions affected by cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Mailhot
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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22
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Modifier gene study of meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis: statistical considerations and gene mapping results. Hum Genet 2011; 126:763-78. [PMID: 19662435 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease due to mutations in the CFTR gene. Yet, variability in CF disease presentation is presumed to be affected by modifier genes, such as those recently demonstrated for the pulmonary aspect. Here, we conduct a modifier gene study for meconium ileus (MI), an intestinal obstruction that occurs in 16-20% of CF newborns, providing linkage and association results from large family and case-control samples. Linkage analysis of modifier traits is different than linkage analysis of primary traits on which a sample was ascertained. Here, we articulate a source of confounding unique to modifier gene studies and provide an example of how one might overcome the confounding in the context of linkage studies. Our linkage analysis provided evidence of a MI locus on chromosome 12p13.3, which was segregating in up to 80% of MI families with at least one affected offspring (HLOD = 2.9). Fine mapping of the 12p13.3 region in a large case-control sample of pancreatic insufficient Canadian CF patients with and without MI pointed to the involvement of ADIPOR2 in MI (p = 0.002). This marker was substantially out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the cases only, and provided evidence of a cohort effect. The association with rs9300298 in the ADIPOR2 gene at the 12p13.3 locus was replicated in an independent sample of CF families. A protective locus, using the phenotype of no-MI, mapped to 4q13.3 (HLOD = 3.19), with substantial heterogeneity. A candidate gene in the region, SLC4A4, provided preliminary evidence of association (p = 0.002), warranting further follow-up studies. Our linkage approach was used to direct our fine-mapping studies, which uncovered two potential modifier genes worthy of follow-up.
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Charro N, Hood BL, Faria D, Pacheco P, Azevedo P, Lopes C, de Almeida AB, Couto FM, Conrads TP, Penque D. Serum proteomics signature of cystic fibrosis patients: a complementary 2-DE and LC-MS/MS approach. J Proteomics 2010; 74:110-26. [PMID: 20950718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complementary 2D-PAGE and 'shotgun' LC-MS/MS approaches were combined to identify medium and low-abundant proteins in sera of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients (mild or severe pulmonary disease) in comparison with healthy CF-carrier and non-CF carrier individuals aiming to gain deeper insights into the pathogenesis of this multifactorial genetic disease. 78 differentially expressed spots were identified from 2D-PAGE proteome profiling yielding 28 identifications and postulating the existence of post-translation modifications (PTM). The 'shotgun' approach highlighted altered levels of proteins actively involved in CF: abnormal tissue/airway remodeling, protease/antiprotease imbalance, innate immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, nutritional imbalance and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. Members of the apolipoproteins family (VDBP, ApoA-I, and ApoB) presented gradually lower expression from non-CF to CF-carrier individuals and from those to CF patients, results validated by an independent assay. The multifunctional enzyme NDKB was identified only in the CF group and independently validated by WB. Its functions account for ion sensor in epithelial cells, pancreatic secretion, neutrophil-mediated inflammation and energy production, highlighting its physiological significance in the context of CF. Complementary proteomics-based approaches are reliable tools to reveal pathways and circulating proteins actively involved in a heterogeneous disease such as CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Charro
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética, INSA, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
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Speeckaert MM, Taes YE, De Buyzere ML, Christophe AB, Kaufman JM, Delanghe JR. Investigation of the potential association of vitamin D binding protein with lipoproteins. Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47:143-50. [PMID: 20144976 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2009.009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) acts as a vitamin D carrier and an actin scavenger. We have previously reported a correlation between serum DBP and lipid parameters in a cystic fibrosis population. In the present study, the relationship between serum DBP, lipoprotein fractions and vitamin D is investigated. METHODS The presence of DBP in lipoprotein fractions was examined using precipitation, gel permeation chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The association between DBP and lipids was investigated in a cohort study of 211 men. Total and actin-free DBP concentrations were assessed by immunonephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH)- and 1.25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides and insulin were measured using routine methods. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) was calculated according to Friedewald's formula. RESULTS DBP was found to be present in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Gel permeation chromatography revealed a bimodal DBP distribution with a lipid-bound fraction besides the known free fraction. Ultracentrifugation confirmed the presence of DBP and 25(OH)-vitamin D(3) in the VLDL particle. Total serum DBP concentration and the actin-bound DBP/DBP ratio correlated significantly with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin. The 25(OH)-vitamin D(3)/DBP ratio correlated negatively with serum triglyceride concentration and body mass index (BMI). The actin-bound DBP complex was identified with Western blot. CONCLUSIONS The lipid-bound DBP fraction may be of greater importance than initially thought. The present findings may have clinical consequences in view of the important physiological role of DBP.
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Hall WB, Sparks AA, Aris RM. Vitamin d deficiency in cystic fibrosis. Int J Endocrinol 2010; 2010:218691. [PMID: 20148079 PMCID: PMC2817861 DOI: 10.1155/2010/218691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis is the most common inherited genetic respiratory disorder in the Western World. Hypovitaminosis D is almost universal in CF patients, likely due to a combination of inadequate absorption, impaired metabolism, and lack of sun exposure. Inadequate levels are associated with the high prevalence of bone disease or osteoporosis in CF patients, which is associated with increased morbidity including fractures, kyphosis, and worsening pulmonary status. Treatment goals include regular monitoring 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels with aggressive treatment for those with levels <75 nmol/L (<30 ng/mL). More research is needed to determine optimal supplementation goals and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the
School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amy A. Sparks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the
School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert M. Aris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the
School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- *Robert M. Aris:
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Speeckaert MM, Wehlou C, De Somer F, Speeckaert R, Van Nooten GJ, Delanghe JR. Evolution of vitamin D binding protein concentration in sera from cardiac surgery patients is determined by triglyceridemia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1345-50. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sparks AA, McGee SJ, Boone CE, Neuringer IP, Jones SK, Aris RM. 'Old' bones in young bodies: the tale of cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:407-14. [PMID: 19816169 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283329b16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease within the white population and leads to premature respiratory failure. Approximately, 60 000 individuals are currently living with CF in North America and Europe, almost half of whom are adults. RECENT FINDINGS Dozens of studies across the globe indicate that CF adults have low bone density and increased rates of fractures. This genesis of the problem appears to be in late childhood to adolescence. SUMMARY Prevention and treatment of CF-related bone disease must address the myriad risk factors (decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins due to pancreatic insufficiency, altered sex hormone production, chronic lung infection with increased serum levels of proinflammatory, bone-active cytokines, malnutrition and low body weight, physical inactivity and glucocorticoid therapy) for poor bone health. This review will address the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bone disease in CF. It will also discuss best practice guidelines for optimizing bone health in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Sparks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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28
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:470-80. [PMID: 19858911 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283339a46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Vitamin D is now known to be of physiological importance outside of bone health and calcium homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that it plays a beneficial role in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide range of diseases. In this brief review the known effects of vitamin D on immune function are described in relation to respiratory health. Vitamin D appears capable of inhibiting pulmonary inflammatory responses while enhancing innate defence mechanisms against respiratory pathogens. Population-based studies showing an association between circulating vitamin D levels and lung function provide strong justification for randomized controlled clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation in patients with respiratory diseases to assess both efficacy and optimal dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Hughes
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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30
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Michel SH, Maqbool A, Hanna MD, Mascarenhas M. Nutrition management of pediatric patients who have cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009; 56:1123-41. [PMID: 19931067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of cystic fibrosis (CF) in the 1940s, nutrition care of patients who have CF has been a challenge. Through optimal caloric intake and careful management of malabsorption, patients are expected to meet genetic potential for growth. Yet factors beyond malabsorption, including nutrient activity at the cellular level, may influence growth and health. This article reviews nutrition topics frequently discussed in relationship to CF and presents intriguing new information describing nutrients currently being studied for their impact on overall health of patients who have CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H Michel
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, 9NW, Room 82, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA.
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Inverse association between serum concentrations of actin-free vitamin D-binding protein and the histopathological extent of fibrogenic liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21:990-5. [PMID: 19322100 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283293769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Next to its role as a carrier protein for vitamin D and its plasma metabolites, the primary function of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP; Gc-globulin) is to serve and to bind and neutralize extracellular monomeric actin (G-actin) released from necrotic cells, which in its long filamentous form (F-actin) triggers coagulation. We, therefore, investigated the kinetics of serum concentrations of actin-free DBP during the pathogenetic sequence from liver fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to initiate a discussion on a hypothetical association of serum concentrations of actin-free DBP and, thus, altered actin clearance in the circulation, and an increased risk of thrombosis in patients with functional liver insufficiency. RESULTS Our data show that serum levels of actin-free DBP are decreased in patients with liver fibrosis (n=288) and HCC (n=102) compared with healthy controls (n=120 and n=63) and nonliver disease sick (n=312) and that the level of decrease correlates with the severity of disease as determined according to the score by the French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group staging system for hepatic fibrosis or the Edmondson-Steiner's grading system for the assessment of HCC. CONCLUSION Although further, in particular, longitudinal studies are still necessary to back up our data, the presented findings suggest that decreasing levels of the actin-scavenger DBP could potentially contribute to the thrombophilic predisposition frequently observed in patients with chronic fibrogenic liver disease and HCC.
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Winters SJ, Chennubhatla R, Wang C, Miller JJ. Influence of obesity on vitamin D-binding protein and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in African American and white women. Metabolism 2009; 58:438-42. [PMID: 19303961 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) is lipophilic and highly bound to vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) in plasma. In the present study, we examined VDBP and 25OHD levels by race and body mass index (BMI) in young adult women to determine whether circulating VDBP plays a role in the low levels of 25OHD with obesity and among African Americans. In agreement with previous studies, mean 25OHD levels were lower in African American women than in whites (P < .01). In a hierarchical multiple regression model, BMI was associated with 25OHD after adjustment for age in white women (P = .02, R(2) = .10) but not in African American women. The VDBP levels, by contrast, were similar in African Americans and whites, and were unrelated to BMI in either racial group. Furthermore, VDBP was unrelated to the plasma level of 25OHD. These data confirm an interaction between race and obesity in vitamin D metabolism, and imply that the carrier protein is not an important determinant of circulating 25OHD in women, nor is it affected by race or adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Winters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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33
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:600-2. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328316ea6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Our perception of the vitamin D system continues to evolve. Recent studies have re-evaluated the parameters for adequate vitamin D status in humans, revealing a high prevalence of insufficiency in many populations throughout the world. Other reports have highlighted the potential consequences of vitamin D insufficiency beyond established effects on bone homeostasis. Most notably, there is now strong evidence of a role for vitamin D in modulating innate and adaptive immunities, with insufficiency being linked to infectious disease and other immune disorders. To date, signaling pathways for these new responses to vitamin D have been based on established endocrine models for active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, despite present evidence for more localized, intracrine modes of action. In the following review, we provide a fresh perspective on vitamin D signaling in non-classical target cells such as macrophages by highlighting novel factors associated with the transport and action of this pluripotent secosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene F Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 615 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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