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Kananen L, Hurme M, Bürkle A, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bernhardt J, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Collino S, Gonos ES, Sikora E, Gradinaru D, Jansen EHJM, Dollé MET, Salmon M, Stuetz W, Weber D, Grune T, Breusing N, Simm A, Capri M, Franceschi C, Slagboom E, Talbot D, Libert C, Raitanen J, Koskinen S, Härkänen T, Stenholm S, Ala-Korpela M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Ukkola O, Kähönen M, Jylhä M, Jylhävä J. Circulating cell-free DNA in health and disease - the relationship to health behaviours, ageing phenotypes and metabolomics. GeroScience 2022; 45:85-103. [PMID: 35864375 PMCID: PMC9886738 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker of ageing, tissue damage and cellular stress. However, less is known about health behaviours, ageing phenotypes and metabolic processes that lead to elevated cf-DNA levels. We sought to analyse the relationship of circulating cf-DNA level to age, sex, smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, ageing phenotypes (physical functioning, the number of diseases, frailty) and an extensive panel of biomarkers including blood and urine metabolites and inflammatory markers in three human cohorts (N = 5385; 17-82 years). The relationships were assessed using correlation statistics, and linear and penalised regressions (the Lasso), also stratified by sex.cf-DNA levels were significantly higher in men than in women, and especially in middle-aged men and women who smoke, and in older more frail individuals. Correlation statistics of biomarker data showed that cf-DNA level was higher with elevated inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), and higher levels of homocysteine, and proportion of red blood cells and lower levels of ascorbic acid. Inflammation (C-reactive protein, glycoprotein acetylation), amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine), and ketogenesis (3-hydroxybutyrate) were included in the cf-DNA level-related biomarker profiles in at least two of the cohorts.In conclusion, circulating cf-DNA level is different by sex, and related to health behaviour, health decline and metabolic processes common in health and disease. These results can inform future studies where epidemiological and biological pathways of cf-DNA are to be analysed in details, and for studies evaluating cf-DNA as a potential clinical marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kananen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mikko Hurme
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- grid.6520.10000 0001 2242 8479URBC-Narilis, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Collino
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Efstathios S. Gonos
- grid.22459.380000 0001 2232 6894Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Sikora
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniela Gradinaru
- grid.8194.40000 0000 9828 7548Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugene H. J. M. Jansen
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E. T. Dollé
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Salmon
- grid.425994.7Straticell, Science Park Crealys, Rue Jean Sonet 10, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- grid.418213.d0000 0004 0390 0098Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- grid.418213.d0000 0004 0390 0098Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Nutritional Medicine (180), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolle Breusing
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Nutritional Medicine (180), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- grid.461820.90000 0004 0390 1701Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miriam Capri
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine,
Interdepartmental Center “Alma Mater Research Institute On Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”,
Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine,
Interdepartmental Center “Alma Mater Research Institute On Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”,
Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eline Slagboom
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan Talbot
- Unilever Science and Technology, Beauty and Personal Care, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Claude Libert
- grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jani Raitanen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.511163.10000 0004 0518 4910Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Jylhä
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Xue J, Thomas L, Dominguez Rieg JA, Fenton RA, Rieg T. Genetic deletion of connexin 37 causes polyuria and polydipsia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244251. [PMID: 33332450 PMCID: PMC7746157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The connexin 37 (Cx37) channel is clustered at gap junctions between cells in the renal vasculature or the renal tubule where it is abundant in basolateral cell interdigitations and infoldings of epithelial cells in the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct; however, physiological data regarding its role are limited. In this study, we investigated the role of Cx37 in fluid homeostasis using mice with a global deletion of Cx37 (Cx37-/- mice). Under baseline conditions, Cx37-/- had ~40% higher fluid intake associated with ~40% lower urine osmolality compared to wild-type (WT) mice. No differences were observed between genotypes in urinary adenosine triphosphate or prostaglandin E2, paracrine factors that alter renal water handling. After 18-hours of water deprivation, plasma aldosterone and urine osmolality increased significantly in Cx37-/- and WT mice; however, the latter remained ~375 mmol/kg lower in Cx37-/- mice, an effect associated with a more pronounced body weight loss despite higher urinary AVP/creatinine ratios compared to WT mice. Consistent with this, fluid intake in the first 3 hours after water deprivation was 37% greater in Cx37-/- vs WT mice. Cx37-/- mice showed significantly lower renal AQP2 abundance and AQP2 phosphorylation at serine 256 than WT mice in response to vehicle or dDAVP, suggesting a partial contribution of the kidney to the lower urine osmolality. The abundance and responses of the vasopressin V2 receptor, AQP3, NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, H+-ATPase, αENaC, γENaC or Na+/K+-ATPase were not significantly different between genotypes. In summary, these results demonstrate that Cx37 is important for body water handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Xue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Linto Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Li H, Yu S, Wang R, Sun Z, Zhou X, Zheng L, Yin Z, Sun Y. Polymorphism of CONNEXIN37 gene is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in Han Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:72. [PMID: 29631604 PMCID: PMC5891898 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke has a high fatality and disability rate, and is one of the main burdens to human health. It is thus very important to identify biomarkers for the development of effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Connexin37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is involved in chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have found that CONNEXIN37 gene variations are associated with atherosclerosis diseases, such as coronary heart disease and stroke, but its association with stroke in distinct human populations remains to be determined. We report here the analysis of the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CONNEXIN37 with ischemic stroke in Han Chinese population. METHODS Two SNPs of CONNEXIN37 gene were analyzed in 385 ischemic stroke patients and 362 hypertension control patients using ligase detection reaction (LDR) method. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, AG and GG genotypes of SNP rs1764390 and CC genotype of rs1764391 of CONNEXIN37 were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, and that G allele of rs1764390 is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Further, we found that SNP rs1764390 and SNP rs1764391 in CONNEXIN37 were associated with ischemic stroke under additive/dominant model, and recessive/dominant model, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CONNEXIN37 gene polymorphism is an ischemic stroke risk factor in Northern Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shasha Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinghu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Epidemiology Department of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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4
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Pitha J, Králová Lesná I, Hubáček JA, Sekerková A, Lánská V, Adámková V, Dorobantu M, Nicolescu R, Steiner R, Ivić V, Borbely A, Papp Z, Vari SG. Smoking impairs and circulating stem cells favour the protective effect of the T allele of the connexin37 gene in ischemic heart disease--A multinational study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 244:73-8. [PMID: 26588185 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The connexin 37 (Cx37) gene is considered to be a candidate gene for ischemic heart disease (IHD). We analyzed the association between the C1019 > T (Pro319 > Ser) variant of the Cx37 gene and IHD in patients in the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary and Romania with regard to the presence/absence of selected cardiovascular risk factors (RF). In a complementary study, we analyzed the association between the Cx37 gene and circulating stem and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy women. METHODS The study population comprised 2396 patients (663 women) with IHD. The control population comprised 2476 subjects (1, 337 women). Additionally, in 662 healthy women, the association between the Cx37 gene and circulating stem and endothelial progenitor cells was analyzed. RESULTS The strongest protective effect of the Cx37 T allele was detected in non-smoking patients without diabetes mellitus and hypertension (OR 0.610, 95% CI 0.377-0.990); a similar effect was found in non-smoking men (OR 0.781, 95% CI 0.628-0.971); weaker effect was found in non-smoking women (OR 0.768, 95% CI 0.560-1.050). In non-smoking healthy women, stem cells were significantly higher in TT than in CT and CC carriers (p for trend 0.011). Additionally, non-smoking TT carriers had significantly higher number of stem cells than past and current smoking TT carriers (p for trend = 0.006); no such trend was found in CT and CC carriers. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of the T allele of the Cx37 gene might be strongly modified by smoking; in women, this effect could be mediated through stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pitha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Králová Lesná
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sekerková
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Lánská
- Medicine Statistic Unit, Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Adámková
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Romania Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Cardiology Dept., Romania
| | - Rodica Nicolescu
- Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Cardiology Dept., Romania
| | - Robert Steiner
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease and Intensive Care, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Attila Borbely
- Regional Cooperation for Health, Science and Technology (RECOOP HST) Association, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Regional Cooperation for Health, Science and Technology (RECOOP HST) Association, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor G Vari
- Regional Cooperation for Health, Science and Technology (RECOOP HST) Association, Debrecen, Hungary; International Research and Innovation Management Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Guo SX, Yang ZY, Wang RX, Yang Y, Cao HM, Zhang T. Association between C1019T polymorphism of the connexin37 gene and coronary heart disease in patients with in-stent restenosis. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:539-544. [PMID: 23403905 PMCID: PMC3570167 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that a C1019T polymorphism of the gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin37 is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the C1019T polymorphism in the connexin37 gene and CAD patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). A total of 532 patients who had undergone coronary stenting and coronary angiography at least three months after the procedure were divided according to a clinical diagnosis standard into two groups which were ISR (n=67) and no in-stent restenosis (NISR; n=465) groups. A further 501 healthy individuals were controls. The subjects were genotyped by DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the following: i) connexin37 gene 1019 sites in the population were distributed by polymorphism into three genetic types (CC, TC and TT types). The distribution frequency of the healthy control, ISR and NISR groups conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance rule; ii) in comparison with the healthy controls, the frequency of the connexin37 C allele was higher in the CAD patients (57.05% vs. 41.32%; OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.58–2.25; P<0.01). The frequency of the C carriers (CC+TC) was 65.47% in the healthy controls, vs. 79.32% in CAD patients (P<0.01). The CAD risk was significantly increased in the carriers of the C allele (CC+TC) compared with TT homozygotes (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.53–2.80; P<0.01). Stratified analysis demonstrated that a significant difference existed in the frequency of C carriers between the male CAD patients and healthy controls (79.63% vs. 72.45%; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06–2.09, P=0.02), as well as in the female CAD patients (78.00% vs. 51.50%; OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.90–5.86; P<0.01). In the female and male CAD patients, the frequency of the connexin37 C allele was higher than in the healthy controls (male: χ2=12.67, P<0.01; female: χ2=50.20, P<0.01); iii) compared with the NISR group, the frequencies of the connexin37 C allele and C carriers (CC+TC) were significantly higher in the ISR group (frequency of C allele: 72.39% vs. 54.84%; P<0.01; frequency of C carriers: 89.55% vs. 77.85%; P=0.03). Compared with TT homozygotes, the restenosis risk was significantly increased in the carriers of the C allele (CC+TC; OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.08–5.50). Subsequent stratified analysis revealed that the frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in the male ISR group than in the male NISR group (78.57% vs. 52.66%; OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.05–5.29; P<0.01). The restenosis risk was ∼four-fold higher in the C carriers (CC+TC) than in the TT homozygotes (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.32–10.64). However in the female population, there was no difference in the ISR risk between the carriers of the C allele (CC+TC) and the TT homozygotes (P=0.70). In summary, the C allele of the connexin37 gene is not only is associated with the susceptibility to CAD, but also associated with restenosis following coronary stenting in the population studied herein, particularly the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in Wuxi and People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214023, P.R. China
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