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Bagheri M, Zandieh MA, Daryab M, Samaei SS, Gholami S, Rahmanian P, Dezfulian S, Eary M, Rezaee A, Rajabi R, Khorrami R, Salimimoghadam S, Hu P, Rashidi M, Ardakan AK, Ertas YN, Hushmandi K. Nanostructures for site-specific delivery of oxaliplatin cancer therapy: Versatile nanoplatforms in synergistic cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101838. [PMID: 38016356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a clinically approved treatment strategy, chemotherapy-mediated tumor suppression has been compromised, and in spite of introducing various kinds of anticancer drugs, cancer eradication with chemotherapy is still impossible. Chemotherapy drugs have been beneficial in improving the prognosis of cancer patients, but after resistance emerged, their potential disappeared. Oxaliplatin (OXA) efficacy in tumor suppression has been compromised by resistance. Due to the dysregulation of pathways and mechanisms in OXA resistance, it is suggested to develop novel strategies for overcoming drug resistance. The targeted delivery of OXA by nanostructures is described here. The targeted delivery of OXA in cancer can be mediated by polymeric, metal, lipid and carbon nanostructures. The advantageous of these nanocarriers is that they enhance the accumulation of OXA in tumor and promote its cytotoxicity. Moreover, (nano)platforms mediate the co-delivery of OXA with drugs and genes in synergistic cancer therapy, overcoming OXA resistance and improving insights in cancer patient treatment in the future. Moreover, smart nanostructures, including pH-, redox-, light-, and thermo-sensitive nanostructures, have been designed for OXA delivery and cancer therapy. The application of nanoparticle-mediated phototherapy can increase OXA's potential in cancer suppression. All of these subjects and their clinical implications are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bagheri
- Radiology Resident, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Daryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Setareh Samaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Gholami
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dezfulian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eary
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khodaei Ardakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Guo Y, Li X, Macgregor RB, Yan H, Zhang RX. Microfluidics-based PLGA nanoparticles of ratiometric multidrug: From encapsulation and release rates to cytotoxicity in human lens epithelial cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18318. [PMID: 37519652 PMCID: PMC10372405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug nanomedicine is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic diseases and cancers. However, co-encapsulation and release of drug combination at a fixed ratio by nanoparticles, particularly for long acting ocular formulations, remains challenging. Herein, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles ratiometrically co-encapsulating hydrophilic dual drugs, mitomycin C and doxorubicin, was obtained (D/M PLGANPs) by combining microfluidics and the Design of Experiments approaches. The formulation variable of lactide-to-glycolide ratios (L/G 50:50, 75:15 and 85:15) was used to achieve fast, medium and slow drug release rates of D/M PLGANPs. The dissolution of D/M PLGANPs in simulated intraocular fluid exhibited sustained release of dual drugs at the fixed ratio over 7 days, and analysis using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model showed mechanism of drug release to be governed by diffusion. More importantly, in human lens epithelial cells, the drug release rate was negatively correlated with drug potency. The slower drug release from D/M PLGANPs led to lower efficacy of drug combination against pathogenesis of cellular migration and proliferation, the key pathogenic processes of capsular opacification after cataract surgery. Compared to fast (L/G 50:50) and medium (L/G 75:15) drug release rate of D/M PLGANPs, the slow release formulation (L/G 85:15) exhibited the least cellular uptake of the dual drugs and the ratio of drug combination was not maintained intracellularly. The present study implicates the potential of using microfluidics for synthesizing polymeric nanoparticles of ratiometric drug combination and highlights the drug release rate as the critical determinant of efficacy for the long-acting nanomedicine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexuan Guo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Robert B. Macgregor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hong Yan
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Rui Xue Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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3
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Maharjan S, Lee MG, Kim SY, Lee KS, Nam KS. Morin Sensitizes MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity by Suppressing FOXM1 and Attenuating EGFR/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050672. [PMID: 37242455 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable emphasis is being placed on combinatorial chemotherapeutic/natural treatments for breast cancer. This study reveals the synergistic anti-tumor activity of morin and Doxorubicin (Dox) co-treatment on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation. Morin/Dox treatment promoted Dox uptake and induced DNA damage and formation of nuclear foci of p-H2A.X. Furthermore, DNA repair proteins, RAD51 and survivin, and cell cycle proteins, cyclin B1 and forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), were induced by Dox alone but attenuated by morin/Dox co-treatment. In addition, Annexin V/7-AAD analysis revealed that necrotic cell death after co-treatment and apoptotic cell death by Dox alone were associated with the induction of cleaved PARP and caspase-7 without Bcl-2 family involvement. FOXM1 inhibition by thiostrepton showed that co-treatment caused FOXM1-mediated cell death. Furthermore, co-treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of EGFR and STAT3. Flow cytometry showed that the accumulation of cells in the G2/M and S phases might be linked to cellular Dox uptake, p21 upregulation, and cyclin D1 downregulation. Taken together, our study shows that the anti-tumor effect of morin/Dox co-treatment is due to the suppression of FOXM1 and attenuation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, which suggests that morin offers a means of improving therapeutic efficacy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maharjan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ahmed T, Liu FCF, Lu B, Lip H, Park E, Alradwan I, Liu JF, He C, Zetrini A, Zhang T, Ghavaminejad A, Rauth AM, Henderson JT, Wu XY. Advances in Nanomedicine Design: Multidisciplinary Strategies for Unmet Medical Needs. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1722-1765. [PMID: 35587783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, a rising burden of complex diseases takes a heavy toll on human lives and poses substantial clinical and economic challenges. This review covers nanomedicine and nanotechnology-enabled advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to address various unmet medical needs. Key nanomedicine and DDSs, currently employed in the clinic to tackle some of these diseases, are discussed focusing on their versatility in diagnostics, anticancer therapy, and diabetes management. First-hand experiences from our own laboratory and the work of others are presented to provide insights into strategies to design and optimize nanomedicine- and nanotechnology-enabled DDS for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Computational analysis is also briefly reviewed as a technology for rational design of controlled release DDS. Further explorations of DDS have illuminated the interplay of physiological barriers and their impact on DDS. It is demonstrated how such delivery systems can overcome these barriers for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and how new perspectives of next-generation DDS can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fuh-Ching Franky Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Elliya Park
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Abdulmottaleb Zetrini
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amin Ghavaminejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Henderson
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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5
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Pharmaceutical nanoformulation strategies to spatiotemporally manipulate oxidative stress for improving cancer therapies — exemplified by polyunsaturated fatty acids and other ROS-modulating agents. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2303-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Szumilak M, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Stanczak A. Hybrid Drugs-A Strategy for Overcoming Anticancer Drug Resistance? Molecules 2021; 26:2601. [PMID: 33946916 PMCID: PMC8124695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in the treatment of many malignancies, the development of cancer resistance is still an important reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Increasing knowledge of cancers' molecular complexity and mechanisms of their resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as extensive clinical experience, indicate that an effective fight against cancer requires a multidimensional approach. Multi-target chemotherapy may be achieved using drugs combination, co-delivery of medicines, or designing hybrid drugs. Hybrid drugs simultaneously targeting many points of signaling networks and various structures within a cancer cell have been extensively explored in recent years. The single hybrid agent can modulate multiple targets involved in cancer cell proliferation, possesses a simpler pharmacokinetic profile to reduce the possibility of drug interactions occurrence, and facilitates the process of drug development. Moreover, a single medication is expected to enhance patient compliance due to a less complicated treatment regimen, as well as a diminished number of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison to a combination of drugs. As a consequence, many efforts have been made to design hybrid molecules of different chemical structures and functions as a means to circumvent drug resistance. The enormous number of studies in this field encouraged us to review the available literature and present selected research results highlighting the possible role of hybrid drugs in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhang T, Lip H, He C, Cai P, Wang Z, Henderson JT, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Multitargeted Nanoparticles Deliver Synergistic Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier to Brain Metastases of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900543. [PMID: 31348614 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with brain metastases of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis owing to the lack of targeted therapies, the aggressive nature of TNBC, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that blocks penetration of most drugs. Additionally, infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes tumor progression. Here, a terpolymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (TPLN) system is designed with multiple targeting moieties to first undergo synchronized BBB crossing and then actively target TNBC cells and TAMs in microlesions of brain metastases. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that covalently bound polysorbate 80 in the terpolymer enables the low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated BBB crossing and TAM-targetability of the TPLN. Conjugation of cyclic internalizing peptide (iRGD) enhances cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and drug delivery to brain metastases of integrin-overexpressing TNBC cells. iRGD-TPLN with coloaded doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) (iRGD-DMTPLN) exhibits higher efficacy in reducing metastatic burden and TAMs than nontargeted DMTPLN or a free DOX/MMC combination. iRGD-DMTPLN treatment reduces metastatic burden by 6-fold and 19-fold and increases host median survival by 1.3-fold and 1.6-fold compared to DMTPLN or free DOX/MMC treatments, respectively. These findings suggest that iRGD-DMTPLN is a promising multitargeted drug delivery system for the treatment of integrin-overexpressing brain metastases of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Hoyin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Ping Cai
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Zhigao Wang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Henderson
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Toronto 610 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery LaboratoryLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
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8
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Zhang RX, Li J, Zhang T, Amini MA, He C, Lu B, Ahmed T, Lip H, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Importance of integrating nanotechnology with pharmacology and physiology for innovative drug delivery and therapy - an illustration with firsthand examples. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:825-844. [PMID: 29698389 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been applied extensively in drug delivery to improve the therapeutic outcomes of various diseases. Tremendous efforts have been focused on the development of novel nanoparticles and delineation of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in relation to their biological fate and functions. However, in the design and evaluation of these nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, the pharmacology of delivered drugs and the (patho-)physiology of the host have received less attention. In this review, we discuss important pharmacological mechanisms, physiological characteristics, and pathological factors that have been integrated into the design of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems and therapies. Firsthand examples are presented to illustrate the principles and advantages of such integrative design strategies for cancer treatment by exploiting 1) intracellular synergistic interactions of drug-drug and drug-nanomaterial combinations to overcome multidrug-resistant cancer, 2) the blood flow direction of the circulatory system to maximize drug delivery to the tumor neovasculature and cells overexpressing integrin receptors for lung metastases, 3) endogenous lipoproteins to decorate nanocarriers and transport them across the blood-brain barrier for brain metastases, and 4) distinct pathological factors in the tumor microenvironment to develop pH- and oxidative stress-responsive hybrid manganese dioxide nanoparticles for enhanced radiotherapy. Regarding the application in diabetes management, a nanotechnology-enabled closed-loop insulin delivery system was devised to provide dynamic insulin release at a physiologically relevant time scale and glucose levels. These examples, together with other research results, suggest that utilization of the interplay of pharmacology, (patho-)physiology and nanotechnology is a facile approach to develop innovative drug delivery systems and therapies with high efficiency and translational potential.
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9
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Zhang RX, Zhang T, Chen K, Cheng J, Lai P, Rauth AM, Pang KS, Wu XY. Sample Extraction and Simultaneous Chromatographic Quantitation of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C Following Drug Combination Delivery in Nanoparticles to Tumor-bearing Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29053672 DOI: 10.3791/56159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is frequently used in the clinic for cancer treatment; however, associated adverse effects to normal tissue may limit its therapeutic benefit. Nanoparticle-based drug combination has been shown to mitigate the problems encountered by free drug combination therapy. Our previous studies have shown that the combination of two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC), produced a synergistic effect against both murine and human breast cancer cells in vitro. DOX and MMC co-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (DMPLN) bypassed various efflux transporter pumps that confer multidrug resistance and demonstrated enhanced efficacy in breast tumor models. Compared to conventional solution forms, such superior efficacy of DMPLN was attributed to the synchronized pharmacokinetics of DOX and MMC and increased intracellular drug bioavailability within tumor cells enabled by the nanocarrier PLN. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of co-administered DOX and MMC in both free solution and nanoparticle forms, a simple and efficient multi-drug analysis method using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. In contrast to previously reported methods that analyzed DOX or MMC individually in the plasma, this new HPLC method is able to simultaneously quantitate DOX, MMC and a major cardio-toxic DOX metabolite, doxorubicinol (DOXol), in various biological matrices (e.g., whole blood, breast tumor, and heart). A dual fluorescent and ultraviolet absorbent probe 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used as an internal standard (I.S.) for one-step detection of multiple drug analysis with different detection wavelengths. This method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of DOX and MMC delivered by both nanoparticle and solution approaches in whole blood and various tissues in an orthotopic breast tumor murine model. The analytical method presented is a useful tool for pre-clinical analysis of nanoparticle-based delivery of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - King Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - Paris Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network
| | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto;
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Zhang T, Prasad P, Cai P, He C, Shan D, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Dual-targeted hybrid nanoparticles of synergistic drugs for treating lung metastases of triple negative breast cancer in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:835-847. [PMID: 28216624 PMCID: PMC5520182 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with triple negative breast
cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with no effective therapy at
present. It has been proposed that dual-targeted therapy, ie, targeting
chemotherapeutic agents to both tumor vasculature and cancer cells, may offer some
advantages. The present work was aimed to develop a dual-targeted synergistic drug
combination nanomedicine for the treatment of lung metastases of TNBC. Thus,
Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD)-conjugated, doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC)
co-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (RGD-DMPLN) were prepared and
characterized. The synergism between DOX and MMC and the effect of RGD-DMPLN on cell
morphology and cell viability were evaluated in human MDA-MB-231 cells in
vitro. The optimal RGD density on nanoparticles (NPs) was identified based on
the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of the NPs in a murine lung metastatic
model of MDA-MB-231 cells. The microscopic distribution of RGD-conjugated NPs in lung
metastases was examined using confocal microscopy. The anticancer efficacy of
RGD-DMPLN was investigated in the lung metastatic model. A synergistic ratio of DOX
and MMC was found in the MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cells. RGD-DMPLN induced morphological
changes and enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro. NPs with a median RGD density
showed the highest accumulation in lung metastases by targeting both tumor
vasculature and cancer cells. Compared to free drugs, RGD-DMPLN exhibited
significantly low toxicity to the host, liver and heart. Compared to non-targeted
DMPLN or free drugs, administration of RGD-DMPLN (10 mg/kg, iv) resulted in a
4.7-fold and 31-fold reduction in the burden of lung metastases measured by
bioluminescence imaging, a 2.4-fold and 4.0-fold reduction in the lung metastasis
area index, and a 35% and 57% longer median survival time, respectively.
Dual-targeted RGD-DMPLN, with optimal RGD density, significantly inhibited the
progression of lung metastasis and extended host survival.
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11
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Zhang RX, Ahmed T, Li LY, Li J, Abbasi AZ, Wu XY. Design of nanocarriers for nanoscale drug delivery to enhance cancer treatment using hybrid polymer and lipid building blocks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1334-1355. [PMID: 27973629 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) are an emerging nanocarrier platform made from building blocks of polymers and lipids. PLN integrate the advantages of biomimetic lipid-based nanoparticles (i.e. solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles. PLN are constructed from diverse polymers and lipids and their numerous combinations, which imparts PLN with great versatility for delivering drugs of various properties to their nanoscale targets. PLN can be classified into two types based on their hybrid nanoscopic structure and assembly methods: Type-I monolithic matrix and Type-II core-shell systems. This article reviews the history of PLN development, types of PLN, lipid and polymer candidates, fabrication methods, and unique properties of PLN. The applications of PLN in delivery of therapeutic or imaging agents alone or in combination for cancer treatment are summarized and illustrated with examples. Important considerations for the rational design of PLN for advanced nanoscale drug delivery are discussed, including selection of excipients, synthesis processes governing formulation parameters, optimization of nanoparticle properties, improvement of particle surface functionality to overcome macroscopic, microscopic and cellular biological barriers. Future directions and potential clinical translation of PLN are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Lily Yi Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Jason Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Azhar Z Abbasi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
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12
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Zhang RX, Wong HL, Xue HY, Eoh JY, Wu XY. Nanomedicine of synergistic drug combinations for cancer therapy - Strategies and perspectives. J Control Release 2016; 240:489-503. [PMID: 27287891 PMCID: PMC5064882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine of synergistic drug combinations has shown increasing significance in cancer therapy due to its promise in providing superior therapeutic benefits to the current drug combination therapy used in clinical practice. In this article, we will examine the rationale, principles, and advantages of applying nanocarriers to improve anticancer drug combination therapy, review the use of nanocarriers for delivery of a variety of combinations of different classes of anticancer agents including small molecule drugs and biologics, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives of the nanocarrier-based combination therapy. The goal of this review is to provide better understanding of this increasingly important new paradigm of cancer treatment and key considerations for rational design of nanomedicine of synergistic drug combinations for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
| | - Ho Lun Wong
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3304 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hui Yi Xue
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3304 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - June Young Eoh
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3304 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
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13
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Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles synchronize pharmacokinetics of co-encapsulated doxorubicin-mitomycin C and enable their spatiotemporal co-delivery and local bioavailability in breast tumor. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1279-90. [PMID: 26772427 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effective combination chemotherapy requires the delivery of drugs of synergism to tumor sites while sparing normal tissues. Herein we investigated whether coencapsulation of doxorubicin and mitomycin C within polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (DMPLN) achieved this goal via ratiometric drugs in an orthotopic murine breast tumor model with nanocarrier-modified biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, local bioavailability and toxicity. Fluorescence imaging revealed quickened and extended tumor uptake but reduced cardiac accumulation of DMPLN. Quantitative drug analysis demonstrated prolonged systemic circulation, increased tumor accumulation and sustained synergistic ratios of doxorubicin and mitomycin C delivered by DMPLN over 24h. Higher levels of tumor cell apoptosis and reduced organ toxicity were obtained with DMPLN compared to free drug cocktails. DMPLN released DOX in tumors more efficiently than that from liposomal doxorubicin, as evidenced by a higher extent of the metabolite, doxorubicinol. These findings substantiate the importance of rational design of nanoparticles for synergistic drug combination therapy. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The treatment of cancer usually involves using combination chemotherapeutic agents. In adopting a nanomedicine approach, one can in theory design combination therapy consisting of drugs of synergistic activities, with the aim to target tumor specifically while minimizing systemic toxicity. The authors in this study provided evidence for this rational design by co-encapsulation of doxorubicin and mitomycin C within polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (DMPLN) in a breast cancer model.
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14
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Luo S, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Guo P, Mukerabigwi JF, Liu M, Lei S, Cao Y, He H, Huang X. Precise Ratiometric Control of Dual Drugs through a Single Macromolecule for Combination Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2318-27. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gu
- Prenatal
Diagnosis Center, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Hospital, Lianyungang, 222002, P. R. China
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Pei Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Lei
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of
Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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15
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Prasad P, Cheng J, Shuhendler A, Rauth AM, Wu XY. A novel nanoparticle formulation overcomes multiple types of membrane efflux pumps in human breast cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 2:95-105. [PMID: 25786718 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can involve overexpression of different types of membrane drug efflux pumps and other drug resistance mechanisms. Hence, inhibition of one resistance mechanism may not be therapeutically effective. Previously we demonstrated a new polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticle (PLN) system was able to circumvent drug resistance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing breast cancer cells. The objectives of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to evaluate the ability of the PLN system to overcome two other membrane efflux pumps-multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1+) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP+) overexpressed on human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 VP (MRP1+) and MCF7 MX (BCRP+); and (2) to evaluate possible synergistic effects of doxorubicin (Dox)-mitomycin C (MMC) in these cell lines. These objectives were accomplished by measuring in vitro cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity (using a clonogenic assay and median effect analysis), of Dox, MMC, or Dox-MMC co-loaded PLN. Treatment of MDR cells with PLN encapsulating single anticancer agents significantly enhanced cell kill compared to free Dox or MMC solutions. Dox-MMC co-loaded PLN were 20-30-folds more effective in killing MDR cells than free drugs. Co-encapsulated Dox-MMC was more effective in killing MDR cells than single agent-encapsulated PLN. Microscopic images showed perinuclear localization of fluorescently labelled PLN in all cell lines. These results are consistent with our previous results for P-gp overexpressing breast cancer cells suggesting the PLN system can overcome multiple types of membrane efflux pumps increasing the cytotoxicity of Dox-MMC at significantly lower doses than free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
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16
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Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Zhang RX, Amini MA, Sun M, Liu PP, Bristow RG, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Synergistic nanoparticulate drug combination overcomes multidrug resistance, increases efficacy, and reduces cardiotoxicity in a nonimmunocompromised breast tumor model. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2659-74. [PMID: 24830351 DOI: 10.1021/mp500093c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines, commonly employed for cancer chemotherapy, suffer from dose-limiting cardiotoxicity and poor efficacy due to multidrug resistance (MDR). We previously demonstrated that simultaneous delivery of the synergistic drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) by polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) circumvented MDR, increased efficacy, and reduced cardiotoxicity in immuncompromised mice superior to poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) lipososmal DOX (PLD). Herein it is shown that the DOX-MMC combination was also synergistic in MDR EMT6/AR1 murine breast cancer cells and that their nanoparticle formulations were able to overcome the MDR phenotype. In contrast PLD exhibited little or no effect on the MDR cells. For the first time, these differences in in vitro efficacy are shown to be strongly correlated with cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of DOX brought about by DOX formulations (e.g., free solution, PLN vs PLD). To take into consideration the role of an intact immune system and tumor stroma in the response of host and tumor to chemotherapy, use was made of nonimmunocomprised mouse models to study the dose tolerance, cardiotoxicity, and efficacy of DOX-MMC coloaded PLN (DMsPLN) compared to PLD. DMsPLN treatment at 50 mg/m(2) DOX and 17 mg/m(2) of MMC singly or once every 4 days for 4 cycles were well tolerated by the mice without elevated systemic toxicity blood markers or myocardial damage. In contrast, PLD was limited to a single treatment due to significant total weight loss. The DMsPLN treatment delayed tumor growth up to 312% and 28% in EMT6/WT and EMT6/AR1 models, respectively. This work supports the translational value of DMsPLN for the aggressive management of either naïve or anthracycline-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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17
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Kostková H, Etrych T, Říhová B, Kostka L, Starovoytová L, Kovář M, Ulbrich K. HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of DOX and Mitomycin C for Combination Therapy: Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxic Effects, Combination Index Analysis, and Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1648-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kostková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Říhová
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Larisa Starovoytová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovář
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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18
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Danquah MK, Zhang XA, Mahato RI. Extravasation of polymeric nanomedicines across tumor vasculature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:623-39. [PMID: 21144874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microvasculature is fraught with numerous physiological barriers which hinder the efficacy of anticancer agents. These barriers include chaotic blood supply, poor tumor vasculature permeability, limited transport across the interstitium due to high interstitial pressure and absence of lymphatic network. Abnormal microvasculature also leads to hypoxia and acidosis which limits effectiveness of chemotherapy. These barriers restrict drug or drug carrier extravasation which hampers tumor regression. Targeting key features of the tumor microenvironment such as tumor microvessels, interstitial hypertension and tumor pH is a promising approach to improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This review highlights the current knowledge on the distinct tumor microenvironment generated barriers which limit extravasation of drugs and focuses on modalities for overcoming these barriers using multi-functional polymeric carriers. Special attention is given to utilizing polymeric nanomedicines to facilitate extravasation of anticancer drugs for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19. South Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38103-3308, USA
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19
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Raffa RB, Tallarida RJ. Effects on the visual system might contribute to some of the cognitive deficits of cancer chemotherapy-induced 'chemo-fog'. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 35:249-55. [PMID: 20831527 PMCID: PMC3249620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diminution in certain aspects of cognitive function that is reported to occur in some patients during or after adjuvant cancer chemotherapy is variously known as 'chemo-fog', 'chemo-brain' or other such term. In addition to reported deficits in attention, concentration and other functions, most, if not all, of the studies report deficits involving visual-spatial function or visual memory. Since the visual system is part of the nervous system, it seems reasonable to ask if it is susceptible to some of the deleterious effects produced by adjuvant chemotherapeutic drugs. We propose here the possibility that some portion of the vision-related aspects of the 'chemo-fog' spectrum of cognitive deficits results from a direct action of the adjuvant drugs on the visual system or from drug/drug or site/site interaction between effects on the visual system and other critical brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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20
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Raffa RB. Chemotherapy-Related Visual System Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 678:113-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6306-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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21
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Shuhendler AJ, Cheung RY, Manias J, Connor A, Rauth AM, Wu XY. A novel doxorubicin-mitomycin C co-encapsulated nanoparticle formulation exhibits anti-cancer synergy in multidrug resistant human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 119:255-69. [PMID: 19221875 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline-containing treatment regimens are currently the most widely employed regimens for the management of breast cancer. These drug combinations are often designed based on non-cross resistance and minimal overlapping toxicity rather than drug synergism. Moreover, aggressive doses are normally used in chemotherapy to achieve a greater therapeutic benefit at the cost of more acute and long-term toxic effects. To increase chemotherapeutic efficacy while decreasing toxic effects, rational design of drug synergy-based regimens is needed. Our previous work showed a synergistic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) on murine breast cancer cells in vitro and improved efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity of DOX-loaded solid polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) in animal models of breast cancer. Herein we have demonstrated true anticancer synergy of concurrently applied DOX and MMC, and have rationally designed PLN to effectively deliver this combination to multidrug resistant (MDR) MDA435/LCC6 human breast cancer cells. DOX-MMC co-loaded PLN were effective in killing MDR cells at 20-30-fold lower doses than the free drugs. This synergistic cell killing was correlated with enhanced induction of DNA double strand breaks that preceded apoptosis. Importantly, co-encapsulation of dual agents into a nanoparticle formulation was much more effective than concurrent application of single agent-containing PLN, demonstrating the requirement of simultaneous uptake of both drugs by the same cells to enhance the drug synergy. The rationally designed combination chemotherapeutic PLN can overcome multidrug resistance at a significantly lower dose than free drugs, exhibiting the potential to enhance chemotherapy and reduce the therapeutic limitations imposed by systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
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