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Khongthaw B, Dulta K, Chauhan PK, Kumar V, Ighalo JO. Lycopene: a therapeutic strategy against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID- 19). Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1955-1976. [PMID: 36050507 PMCID: PMC9436159 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a group of phytochemicals found in nature, primarily in fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is thought to protect against a variety of diseases attributed to its antioxidant capabilities. Lycopene has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunity-boosting qualities, among other biological and pharmacological benefits. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has recently emerged as one of the world's leading causes of death. Patients may be asymptomatic or show signs of respiratory, cytokine release syndrome, gastrointestinal, or even multiple organ failure, all of which can lead to death. In COVID-19, inflammation, and cytokine storm are the key pathogenic mechanisms, according to SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms. ARDS develops in some vulnerable hosts, which is accompanied by an inflammatory "cytokine syndrome" that causes lung damage. Immunological and inflammatory markers were linked to disease severity in mild and severe COVID-19 cases, implying that inflammatory markers, including IL-6, CRP, ESR, and PCT were significantly linked with COVID-19 severity. Patients with severe illness have reduced levels of several immune subsets, including CD4 + T, NK, and CD8 + cells. As a result, lycopene can be commended for bolstering physiological defenses against COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banlambhabok Khongthaw
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kanika Dulta
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chauhan
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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2
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Zhao M, Liu CF, Feng YF, Chen H. Potential drug-drug interactions in drug therapy for older adults with chronic coronary syndrome at hospital discharge: A real-world study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946415. [PMID: 36091832 PMCID: PMC9449411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polypharmacy are commonly observed among older adults with cardiovascular disease. However, multiple medications lead to increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Therefore, identification and prevention actions related to harmful DDIs are expected in older adults. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of potential DDIs (pDDIs) in discharge prescriptions among older adults with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary public hospital in Beijing, China. CCS patients aged 65 years and above who were admitted to cardiology wards over a 3-month period and alive at discharge were included. Electronic medical records and discharge prescriptions were reviewed. pDDIs were evaluated through the Lexi-Interact online. Results: pDDIs were identified in 72.9% of the 402 individuals (n = 293). A total of 864 pDDIs were obtained. 72.1% of patients were found with C DDIs (n = 290) and 20.3% were categorized in D and X DDIs (n = 82). The only X DDI was between cyclosporine and atorvastatin. Under category D, glycemia alterations within antidiabetics and increased chances of bleeding with antithrombotic were the most common. Concomitant use of clopidogrel and calcium channel blockers was a frequent situation within category C, followed by synergic blood pressure lowering agents and increased rosuvastatin concentration induced by clopidogrel. Conclusion: DDIs exposure was common in older CCS. DDIs screening tools should be introduced to alert potential adverse effects. Prescribers need to rigorously review or modulate therapies to prevent DDI-related adverse outcomes. Clinical pharmacists should be more involved in complex drug regimen management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen,
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Wang G, Xiao B, Deng J, Gong L, Li Y, Li J, Zhong Y. The Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:791922. [PMID: 35185562 PMCID: PMC8847594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.791922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a new public health crisis threatening the world. Dysregulated immune responses are the most striking pathophysiological features of patients with severe COVID-19, which can result in multiple-organ failure and death. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is the most important drug metabolizing enzyme family, which plays a significant role in the metabolism of endogenous or exogenous substances. Endogenous CYPs participate in the biosynthesis or catabolism of endogenous substances, including steroids, vitamins, eicosanoids, and fatty acids, whilst xenobiotic CYPs are associated with the metabolism of environmental toxins, drugs, and carcinogens. CYP expression and activity are greatly affected by immune response. However, changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19 and their impact on COVID-19 pathophysiology and the metabolism of therapeutic agents in COVID-19, remain unclear. In this analysis, we review current evidence predominantly in the following areas: firstly, the possible changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19; secondly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of arachidonic acid, vitamins, and steroid hormones in COVID-19; and thirdly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of therapeutic COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linmei Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shareef J, Belagodu Sridhar S, Thomas S, Shariff A, Chalasani S. Potential Psychotropic and COVID-19 Drug Interactions: A Comparison of Integrated Evidence From Six Database Programs. Cureus 2021; 13:e20319. [PMID: 35028218 PMCID: PMC8747991 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug interactions are a significant issue in mental illnesses and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Inconsistency in drug interaction resources makes prescribing challenging for healthcare professionals. To assess the scope, completeness, and consistency of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between psychotropic and COVID-19 medications in six specific drug information (DI) databases. Methodology For the comparison, six DI resources were used: Portable Electronic Physician Information Database, Micromedex®, Medscape.com, UpToDate®, Drugs.com drug interaction checker, and WebMD.com drug interaction checker. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), the gathered data were examined for scope, completeness, and consistency. Results Scope scores were higher for PEPID© than all the other resources (p < 0.001) for each comparison. PEPID© had better overall completeness scores (median 5, Interquartile range [IQR] 5 to 5; p<0.05 for each comparison), except for Drugs.com (p < 0.05 for each comparison), and were more remarkable for Micromedex® (median 5, IQR 5 to 5). The Fleiss kappa scores among the six different DI sources were poor (k < 0.20, p < 0.05) for the category of information related to clinical effects and level of documentation, moderate agreement (k = 0.4 - 0.6, p < 0.05) for the severity and course of action of DDIs, and fair agreement (k = 0.4 - 0.6, p < 0.05) for mechanism. Conclusion A comprehensive, accurate information among DI resources is essential for healthcare professionals that will significantly impact patient care in the clinical practice. Banking on high-quality resources will help healthcare professionals to make an informed decision while prescribing to avoid inappropriate combinations that can adversely affect patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javedh Shareef
- Clinical Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
| | - Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
- Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
| | - Sabin Thomas
- School of Pharmacy/Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy & Nursing, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, OMN
| | - Atiqulla Shariff
- Pharmacy Practice, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, IND
| | - Sriharsha Chalasani
- Pharmacy Practice, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, IND
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Spanakis M, Patelarou A, Patelarou E, Tzanakis N. Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11711. [PMID: 34770225 PMCID: PMC8583457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still pressing the healthcare systems worldwide. Thus far, the lack of available COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientists to look through drug repositioning practices and exploitation of available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Till today, several molecules have emerged as promising pharmacological agents, and more than a few medication protocols are applied during hospitalization. On the other hand, given the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers, especially those in COVID-19 clinics (i.e., nursing personnel and treating physicians), to recognize potential drug interactions that may lead to adverse drug reactions that may negatively impact the therapeutic outcome. In this review, focusing on patients with respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) that are treated also for COVID-19, we discuss possible drug interactions, their underlying pharmacological mechanisms, and possible clinical signs that healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics may need to acknowledge as adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Spanakis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Evridiki Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzanakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71303 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
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Manjhi PK, Kumar R, Priya A, Rab I. Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India. MÆDICA 2021; 16:163-169. [PMID: 34621334 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.16.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients complicates the decision-making process regarding short- and long-term antithrombotic strategies. Patient profiles and usage rates of different antithrombotic combinations in this patient subgroup in Romania are poorly described. Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral infection without any approved treatment. Investigational therapies for COVID-19 may cause clinically important drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We aimed to study drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and their risk factors in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients. The Lexi-Interact database was used to investigate clinically important DDIs. The database output, including interacting drug pairs, risk rating, reliability rating, mechanism, and management, was evaluated. Results: Medical records of 200 COVID-19 patients were analysed. All patients had at least one clinically important DDI. More than half of interactions were associated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, the most commonly prescribed medications for the management of COVID-19. Concomitant drugs for comorbid conditions leading to polypharmacy were significantly associated with the occurrence of this. Conclusion: There is a higher chance of DDI, which necessitates ongoing care evaluation and therapy adjustment. Drugs used to treat COVID-19 should be carefully selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Manjhi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Aakanksha Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Insha Rab
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Olszewska-Parasiewicz J, Szarpak Ł, Rogula S, Gąsecka A, Szymańska U, Kwiatkowska M, Jaguszewski MJ, Sierpiński R, Zaczyński A, Wierzba W, Kosior DA. Statins in COVID-19 Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060565. [PMID: 34208435 PMCID: PMC8234902 DOI: 10.3390/life11060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylgultaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) are one of the main groups of drugs used in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases worldwide. They are widely available, cheap, and well-tolerated. Based on statins’ pleiotropic properties, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant properties, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, and inhibition of inflammatory responses, it can be hypothesized that the use of statins, at least as an adjuvant in antiviral therapy, may be justified. All these effects might be especially beneficial in patients with COVID-19, suffering from endothelial dysfunction, microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis, and cytokine storm. Here, we review the recent data regarding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 activity in host cells, proposed COVID-19 therapy, the pleiotropic activity of statins, and statins in clinical trials in respiratory infections. According to the guidelines of the European and American Cardiac Societies, in patients with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk with concomitant COVID-19 it is recommended to continue statin treatment. However, the initiation of statin therapy de novo in COVID-19 treatment should only be done as part of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Olszewska-Parasiewicz
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Białystok Oncology Centre, Ogrodowa 12, 15-027 Białystok, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Solidarnosci 12, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwester Rogula
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Urszula Szymańska
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Maria Kwiatkowska
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Milosz J. Jaguszewski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Radosław Sierpiński
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Zaczyński
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
- UHE Satellite Campus in Warsaw, University of Humanities and Economics in Łódź, Felińskego 15, 01-513 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz A. Kosior
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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