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Akhigbe RE, Adedamola Aminat BO, Akhigbe TM, Hamed MA. Glutamine Alleviates I/R-Induced Intestinal Injury and Dysmotility Via the Downregulation of Xanthine Oxidase/Uric Acid Signaling and Lactate Generation in Wistar Rats. J Surg Res 2024; 295:431-441. [PMID: 38070257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruption of intestinal histoarchitecture and intestinal dysmotility is critical to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA) signaling and increased lactate generation have been reported to play a role. More so, glutamine treatment has been demonstrated to inhibit XO/UA signaling. However, the role of glutamine in intestinal IR injury-induced intestinal dysmotility and the associated mechanisms of action are unclear. Therefore, this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the role of glutamine in intestinal IR injury. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were acclimatized for two weeks and then randomized into four groups. The sham-operated, glutamine-treated, intestinal IR, and IR + glutamine groups. RESULTS Glutamine therapy attenuated the IR-induced increase in intestinal weight, disruption of intestinal histoarchitecture, and intestinal dysmotility. In addition, glutamine ameliorated IR-induced intestinal oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities), inflammation (increased TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (increased caspase three activity). These events were accompanied by glutamine alleviation of IR-induced upregulation of intestinal nuclear factor kappa B, XO/UA, and lactate generation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, XO/UA signaling and lactate levels are key factors in IR-induced intestinal injury and dysmotility, and glutamine-mediated XO/UA/lactate modulation may attenuate IR-induced intestinal injury and dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Tunmise Maryanne Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State
| | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Research and Bioinformatics, The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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2
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Zhang S, Fan W, Hu H, Wen L, Gong M, Liu B, Hu J, Li G, Zhang D. Subcortical Volume Changes in Early Menopausal Women and Correlation With Neuropsychological Tests. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:738679. [PMID: 34955807 PMCID: PMC8692945 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.738679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aging process and declining estradiol levels are two important factors that cause structural brain alterations. Many prior studies have investigated these two elements and revealed controversial results in menopausal women. Here, a cross-sectional study was designed to individually evaluate estradiol-related structural changes in the brain. Methods: A total of 45 early menopausal women and 54 age-matched premenopausal controls were enrolled and subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, blood biochemistry tests, and neuropsychological tests. MRI structural images were analyzed using FreeSurfer to detect changes in subcortical and cortical volumes as well as cortical thickness. Finally, structural brain data as well as clinical and neuropsychological data were used for Pearson's correlation analyses to individually determine estradiol-related structural and functional changes in the brains of early menopausal women. Results: Compared with the premenopausal controls, the early menopausal women showed significant subcortical volumetric loss in the left amygdala and right amygdala, higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, more recognizable climacteric and depressive symptoms, decreased quality of sleep, and decreased working memory and executive functions. Simultaneously, FSH levels were related to lower working memory accuracy and longer working memory reaction time. Decreased subcortical volume in the bilateral amygdala was also related to lower working memory accuracy and longer executive reaction time in early menopausal women. Conclusion: The data suggest that estradiol deficiency in early menopausal women can lead to subcortical volume and functional brain changes, which may contribute to further understanding the neurobiological role of declined estradiol levels in early menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijie Fan
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hosptial, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Sex-Based Differences in Plasma Cytokine Concentrations and Sleep Disturbance Relationships Among People Living With HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 31:249-254. [PMID: 31498167 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Lejri I, Agapouda A, Grimm A, Eckert A. Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9695412. [PMID: 31214285 PMCID: PMC6535827 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9695412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting people mainly in their sixth decade of life and at a higher age. It is an extensively studied neurodegenerative disorder yet incurable to date. While its main postmortem brain hallmarks are the presence of amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, the onset of the disease seems to be largely correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in the disease pathogenesis. AD is characterized by flawed energy metabolism in the brain and excessive oxidative stress, processes that involve less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production respectively. Mitochondria are at the center of both these processes as they are responsible for energy and ROS generation through mainly oxidative phosphorylation. Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), resveratrol, and phytoestrogens as well as the neurosteroid allopregnanolone have shown not only some mitochondria-modulating properties but also significant antioxidant potential in in vitro and in vivo studies. According to our review of the literature, GBE, resveratrol, allopregnanolone, and phytoestrogens showed promising effects on mitochondria in a descending evidence order and, notably, this order pattern is in line with the existing clinical evidence level for each entity. In this review, the effects of these four entities are discussed with special focus on their mitochondria-modulating effects and their mitochondria-improving and antioxidant properties across the spectrum of cognitive decline-related disorders. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on their mechanisms of action are summarized and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lejri
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Agapouda
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
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Mishra S, Nyomba BLG. Prohibitin: A hypothetical target for sex-based new therapeutics for metabolic and immune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:157-170. [PMID: 30717609 PMCID: PMC6405819 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Traditional sex-related biases in research are now obsolete, and it is important to identify the sex of humans, animals, and even cells in research protocols, due to the role of sex as a fundamental facet of biology, predisposition to disease, and response to therapy. Genetic sex, epigenetics and hormonal regulations, generate sex-dimorphisms. Recent investigations acknowledge sex differences in metabolic and immune health as well as chronic diseases. Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved molecule, has pleotropic functions in mitochondrial housekeeping, plasma membrane signaling, and nuclear genetic transcription. Studies in adipocytes, macrophages, and transgenic mice indicate that prohibitin interacts with sex steroids and plays a role in mediating sex differences in adipose tissues and immune cell types. Prohibitin may, depending on context, modulate predisposition to chronic metabolic diseases and malignancy and, because of these attributes, could be a target for sex-based therapies of metabolic and immune-related diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba R3E0J9, Canada
| | - BL Grégoire Nyomba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
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Fu G, Li S, Ouyang N, Wu J, Li C, Liu W, Qiu J, Peng P, Qin L, Ding Y. Antiresorptive Agents are More Effective in Preventing Titanium Particle-Induced Calvarial Osteolysis in Ovariectomized Mice Than Anabolic Agents in Short-Term Administration. Artif Organs 2019; 42:E259-E271. [PMID: 30328628 PMCID: PMC6585759 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening due to wear particle‐induced osteolysis is the main cause of arthroplasty failure and the influence of postmenopausal osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis treatment on Titanium (Ti) particle‐induced osteolysis remains unclear. 66 C57BL/6J female mice were used in this study. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed to induce osteopenia mice and confirmed by micro‐CT. The Ti particle‐induced mouse calvaria osteolysis model was established subsequently and both OVX and Sham‐OVX mice were divided into four groups, respectively: Ti (‐) group, Ti group, Ti + zoledronic acid (ZOL) group (50ug/kg, local administration, single dose) and Ti + teriparatide (TPTD) group (40ug/kg/d, subcutaneous injection*14d). Mice calvarias were collected for micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis 2 weeks after particle induction. 8 weeks after bilateral OVX, significantly reduced BMD and microstructure parameters in both proximal tibia and calvaria were observed in OVX mice when comparing with Sham‐OVX mice. OVX mice in Ti group had not only markly decreased BMD and BV/TV, but also significantly increased total porosity, eroded surface area and osteoclast numbers when comparing with Sham‐OVX mice. Shown by Two‐way ANOVA analysis, the interaction terms between OVX and Ti implantation on micro‐CT and histomorphometry parameters didn’t reach significant difference. As illustrated by micro‐CT and histological analysis, ZOL treatment markedly inhibited Ti particle‐induced osteolysis in OVX mice and Sham‐OVX mice, and there were significant differences when comparing to both Ti and Ti+TPTD group. The combination of osteoporosis and Ti particle implantation result in aggravated bone resorption, accompanied with increased osteoclasts and excessive inflammation response. ZOL was more effective in preventing Ti particle‐induced osteolysis in both OVX mice and Sham‐OVX mice than TPTD in short‐term administration. ZOL exert the protective effects on Ti particle‐induced bone loss via the suppression of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiong Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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7
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Groban L, Tran QK, Ferrario CM, Sun X, Cheng CP, Kitzman DW, Wang H, Lindsey SH. Female Heart Health: Is GPER the Missing Link? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:919. [PMID: 31993020 PMCID: PMC6970950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) is a novel membrane-bound receptor that mediates non-genomic actions of the primary female sex hormone 17β-estradiol. Studies over the past two decades have elucidated the beneficial actions of this receptor in a number of cardiometabolic diseases. This review will focus specifically on the cardiac actions of GPER, since this receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes as well as other cells within the heart and most likely contributes to estrogen-induced cardioprotection. Studies outlining the impact of GPER on diastolic function, mitochondrial function, left ventricular stiffness, calcium dynamics, cardiac inflammation, and aortic distensibility are discussed. In addition, recent data using genetic mouse models with global or cardiomyocyte-specific GPER gene deletion are highlighted. Since estrogen loss due to menopause in combination with chronological aging contributes to unique aspects of cardiac dysfunction in women, this receptor may provide novel therapeutic effects. While clinical studies are still required to fully understand the potential for pharmacological targeting of this receptor in postmenopausal women, this review will summarize the evidence gathered thus far on its likely beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Leanne Groban
| | - Quang-Kim Tran
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Carlos M. Ferrario
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Xuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Che Ping Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dalane W. Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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8
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Bonaccorsi G, Piva I, Greco P, Cervellati C. Oxidative stress as a possible pathogenic cofactor of post-menopausal osteoporosis: Existing evidence in support of the axis oestrogen deficiency-redox imbalance-bone loss. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:341-351. [PMID: 29998869 PMCID: PMC6057254 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_524_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PO) is one of the major health issues associated with menopause-related oestrogen withdrawal. Despite the intense research and the relevant progress achieved in the last two decades, the pathogenic mechanism underlying PO is still poorly understood. As a consequence of this gap in the knowledge, such disorder and the related complications are still difficult to be effectively prevented. A wealth of experimental and epidemiological/clinical evidence suggests that the endocrine change associated to menopausal transition might lead to a derangement of redox homeostasis, that is, the prelude to the health-threaten condition of oxidative stress (OxS). In turn, this (bio)chemical stress has been widely hypothesized to contribute, most likely in synergy with inflammation, to the development of menopause-related diseases, including PO. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current literature evidence on the association between post-menopausal oestrogen withdrawal, OxS and PO. It is also aimed to provide a critical overview of the most significant epidemiological studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants on bone health and to devise a strategy to overcome the limitations emerged and controversial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Menopause & Osteoporosis Centre; Section of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabella Piva
- Menopause & Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Menopause & Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Genetics, Department of Biomedical & Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Huang YC, Yuan ZF, Yang CH, Shen YJ, Lin JY, Lai CJ. Estrogen Modulates the Sensitivity of Lung Vagal C Fibers in Female Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 30026705 PMCID: PMC6041459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is mainly characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), which is associated with hyperreactive airway diseases and lung inflammation. Sensitization of lung vagal C fibers (LVCFs) induced by inflammatory mediators may play a central role in the pathogenesis of airway hypersensitivity. In females, estrogen interferes with inflammatory signaling pathways that may modulate airway hyperreactivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of IH on the reflex and afferent responses of LVCFs to chemical stimulants and lung inflammation in adult female rats, as well as the role of estrogen in these responses. Intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were exposed to room air (RA) or IH for 14 consecutive days. On day 15, IH enhanced apneic responses to right atrial injection of chemical stimulants of LVCFs (e.g., capsaicin, phenylbiguanide, and α,β-methylene-ATP) in intact anesthetized females. Rats subjected to OVX prior to IH exposure exhibited an augmented apneic response to the same dose of stimulants compared with rats subjected to other treatments. Apneic responses to the stimulants were completely abrogated by bilateral vagotomy or perivagal capsaicin treatment, which blocked the neural conduction of LVCFs. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that in IH-exposed rats, OVX potentiated the excitability of LVCFs to stimulants. Moreover, LVCF hypersensitivity in rats subjected to OVX prior to IH exposure was accompanied by enhanced lung inflammation, which was reflected by elevated inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung lipid peroxidation, and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines. Supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E2) at a low concentration (30 μg/ml) but not at high concentrations (50 and 150 μg/ml) prevented the augmenting effects of OVX on LVCF sensitivity and lung inflammation caused by IH. These results suggest that ovarian hormones prevent the enhancement of LVCF sensitivity and lung inflammation by IH in female rats, which are related to the effect of low-dose estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Huang
- Department of Chest Section, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Zung Fan Yuan
- Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huan Yang
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jhih Shen
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yi Lin
- Department of Chest Section, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Ching Jung Lai
- Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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10
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Lejri I, Grimm A, Eckert A. Mitochondria, Estrogen and Female Brain Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:124. [PMID: 29755342 PMCID: PMC5934418 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the generation of steroid hormones including the female sex hormones. These hormones are, in turn, able to modulate mitochondrial activities. Mitochondria possess crucial roles in cell maintenance, survival and well-being, because they are the main source of energy as well as of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell. The impairment of these important organelles is one of the central features of aging. In women’s health, estrogen plays an important role during adulthood not only in the estrous cycle, but also in the brain via neuroprotective, neurotrophic and antioxidant modes of action. The hypestrogenic state in the peri- as well as in the prolonged postmenopause might increase the vulnerability of elderly women to brain degeneration and age-related pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms that affect these processes are not well elucidated. Understanding the relationship between estrogen and mitochondria might therefore provide better insights into the female aging process. Thus, in this review, we first describe mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging brain. Second, we discuss the estrogen-dependent actions on the mitochondrial activity, including recent evidence of the estrogen—brain-derived neurotrophic factor and estrogen—sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) pathways, as well as their potential implications during female aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lejri
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Rollings N, Uhrig EJ, Krohmer RW, Waye HL, Mason RT, Olsson M, Whittington CM, Friesen CR. Age-related sex differences in body condition and telomere dynamics of red-sided garter snakes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2146. [PMID: 28381620 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history strategies vary dramatically between the sexes, which may drive divergence in sex-specific senescence and mortality rates. Telomeres are tandem nucleotide repeats that protect the ends of chromosomes from erosion during cell division. Telomeres have been implicated in senescence and mortality because they tend to shorten with stress, growth and age. We investigated age-specific telomere length in female and male red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis We hypothesized that age-specific telomere length would differ between males and females given their divergent reproductive strategies. Male garter snakes emerge from hibernation with high levels of corticosterone, which facilitates energy mobilization to fuel mate-searching, courtship and mating behaviours during a two to four week aphagous breeding period at the den site. Conversely, females remain at the dens for only about 4 days and seem to invest more energy in growth and cellular maintenance, as they usually reproduce biennially. As male investment in reproduction involves a yearly bout of physiologically stressful activities, while females prioritize self-maintenance, we predicted male snakes would experience more age-specific telomere loss than females. We investigated this prediction using skeletochronology to determine the ages of individuals and qPCR to determine telomere length in a cross-sectional study. For both sexes, telomere length was positively related to body condition. Telomere length decreased with age in male garter snakes, but remained stable in female snakes. There was no correlation between telomere length and growth in either sex, suggesting that our results are a consequence of divergent selection on life histories of males and females. Different selection on the sexes may be the physiological consequence of the sexual dimorphism and mating system dynamics displayed by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rollings
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Emily J Uhrig
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Randolph W Krohmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather L Waye
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Robert T Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla M Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Nieto-Lima B, Cano-Martínez A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V. Age-, Gender-, and in Vivo Different Doses of Isoproterenol Modify in Vitro Aortic Vasoreactivity and Circulating VCAM-1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29416512 PMCID: PMC5787582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different human-like cardiomyopathies associated to β-adrenergic stimulation are experimentally modeled in animals through variations in dose, route, and duration of administration of different cardiotoxic drugs. However, associated changes in the vasculature and their relation to systemic inflammation, and the influence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (gender and age) upon them are seldom analyzed. Here we studied the effect of age and gender on the vasoreactivity of aortas from mice subjected to in vivo repeated β-adrenergic stimulation with different doses of isoproterenol (ISO) in association with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Young (2 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice received 0 (control), 5, 40, 80 or 160 μg/g/d of ISO (7 days, s.c.). IL-1α, IL-4 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were quantified in plasma. In vitro, norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were measured in aortas. No differences in contraction, relaxation, IL-1α, and IL-4 were found between control young males and females. Age decreased contraction in males and relaxation was lower in females and abolished in males. VCAM-1 was higher in young males than in females and increased in old mice. Vasoconstriction in ISO-treated mice results as a bell-shaped curve on contraction in young and old males, with lower values in the latter. In females, ISO-160 increased contraction in young females but decreased it in old females. Vasorelaxation was reduced in ISO-treated young males and females. ISO-80 and 160 reduced vasorelaxation in old females, and intermediate doses relaxed aortas from old males. VCAM-1 was higher in young and old males with ISO-80 and 160; while VCAM-1 was higher only with ISO-160 in old females. Our results demonstrate that repeated β-adrenergic stimulation modifies vascular reactivity depending on gender, age, and dose. Females were less sensitive to alterations in vasoreactivity, and young females required a higher amount of the adrenergic stimuli than old females to show vascular alterations. Changes were independent of IL-1α and IL-4. VCAM-1 only changed in old females stimulated with ISO 160. Our results highlight the relevance of considering and comparing in the same study females and aged organisms to improve the accuracy of applications to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Nieto-Lima
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
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Santos RS, de Fatima LA, Frank AP, Carneiro EM, Clegg DJ. The effects of 17 alpha-estradiol to inhibit inflammation in vitro. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:30. [PMID: 28877759 PMCID: PMC5586055 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 17 Alpha-estradiol (17 α-E2) is a natural, non-feminizing stereoisomer of 17 beta-estradiol (17 β-E2). Whereas much is known about the physiological effects of 17 β-E2, much less is known about 17 α-E2. For example, 17 β-E2 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in neurons and adipocytes through binding and activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα); however, if 17 α-E2 has similar effects on inflammation is currently unknown. Methods To begin to address this, we analyzed the ability of 17 α-E2 and 17 β-E2 to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro using embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF) from wild type and total body ERα (ERKO) male and female mice. Additionally, we further probed if there were sex differences with respect to the effects of E2s using primary pre-adipocyte cells from C57BL/6J male and female mice. Also, we probed mechanistically the effects of E2s in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Results Both E2s decreased LPS-induced markers of inflammation Tnf-α and Il-6, and increased the anti-inflammatory markers Il-4 and IL-6 receptor (Il-6ra) in MEF cells. To begin to understand the mechanisms by which both E2’s mediate their anti-inflammatory effects, we probed the role of ERα using two methods. First, we used MEF cells from ERKO mice and found reductions in ERα diminished the ability of 17 α-E2 to suppress Tnf-α in female but not in male cells, demonstrating a sexual dimorphism in regard to the role of ERα to mediate 17 α-E2’s effects. Second, we selectively reduced the expression of ERα in 3T3-L1 cells using siRNA and found reductions in ERα diminished the ability of both E2s to suppress Tnf-α and Il-6 expression. Lastly, to determine the mechanisms by which E2s reduce inflammation, we explored the role of NFκB-p65 and found both E2s decreased NFκB-p65 expression. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that 17 α-E2, as well as 17 β-E2, suppresses inflammation through their effects on ERα and NFκB-p65. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-017-0151-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta S Santos
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Luciana A de Fatima
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Aaron P Frank
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Zelena D. The janus face of stress on reproduction: from health to disease. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:458129. [PMID: 25945091 PMCID: PMC4405284 DOI: 10.1155/2015/458129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenthood is a fundamental feature of all known life. However, infertility has been recognized as a public health issue worldwide. But even when the offspring are conceived, in utero problems can lead to immediate (abortion), early (birth), and late (adulthood) consequences. One of the most studied factors is stress. However, stress response is, per se, of adaptive nature allowing the organism to cope with challenges. Stressors lead to deterioration if one is faced with too long lasting, too many, and seemingly unsolvable situations. In stress adaptation the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the resulting glucocorticoid elevation are one of the most important mechanisms. At cellular level stress can be defined as an unbalance between production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress is widely accepted as an important pathogenic mechanism in different diseases including infertility. On the other hand, the goal of free radical production is to protect the cells from infectious entities. This review aims to summarize the negative and positive influence of stress on reproduction as a process leading to healthy progeny. Special emphasis was given to the balance at the level of the organism and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Zelena
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony 43, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- *Dóra Zelena:
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