1
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Liu Y, Lu Z, Wu P, Liang Z, Yu Z, Ni K, Ma L. The Transpeptidase Sortase A Binds Nucleic Acids and Mediates Mammalian Cell Labeling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305605. [PMID: 38581131 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Wild-type sortase A is an important virulence factor displaying a diverse array of proteins on the surface of bacteria. This protein display relies on the transpeptidase activity of sortase A, which is widely engineered to allow protein ligation and protein engineering based on the interaction between sortase A and peptides. Here an unknown interaction is found between sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus and nucleic acids, in which exogenously expressed engineered sortase A binds oligonucleotides in vitro and is independent of its canonical transpeptidase activity. When incubated with mammalian cells, engineered sortase A further mediates oligonucleotide labeling to the cell surface, where sortase A attaches itself and is part of the labeled moiety. The labeling reaction can also be mediated by many classes of wild-type sortases as well. Cell surface GAG appears involved in sortase-mediated oligonucleotide cell labeling, as demonstrated by CRISPR screening. This interaction property is utilized to develop a technique called CellID to facilitate sample multiplexing for scRNA-seq and shows the potential of using sortases to label cells with diverse oligonucleotides. Together, the binding between sortase A and nucleic acids opens a new avenue to understanding the virulence of wild-type sortases and exploring the application of sortases in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhike Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- AIdit Therapeutics, 1 Yunmeng Road, Building 1, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhenxing Yu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ke Ni
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- AIdit Therapeutics, 1 Yunmeng Road, Building 1, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Lijia Ma
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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2
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Hillebrand L, Liang XJ, Serafim RAM, Gehringer M. Emerging and Re-emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: An Update. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7668-7758. [PMID: 38711345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors and other types of covalent modalities have seen a revival in the past two decades, with a variety of new targeted covalent drugs having been approved in recent years. A key feature of such molecules is an intrinsically reactive group, typically a weak electrophile, which enables the irreversible or reversible formation of a covalent bond with a specific amino acid of the target protein. This reactive group, often called the "warhead", is a critical determinant of the ligand's activity, selectivity, and general biological properties. In 2019, we summarized emerging and re-emerging warhead chemistries to target cysteine and other amino acids (Gehringer, M.; Laufer, S. A. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, 5673-5724; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153). Since then, the field has rapidly evolved. Here we discuss the progress on covalent warheads made since our last Perspective and their application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A M Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Costa L, Sousa E, Fernandes C. Cyclic Peptides in Pipeline: What Future for These Great Molecules? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:996. [PMID: 37513908 PMCID: PMC10386233 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are molecules that are already used as drugs in therapies approved for various pharmacological activities, for example, as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer, and immunosuppressants. Interest in these molecules has been growing due to the improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the cyclic structure over linear peptides and by the evolution of chemical synthesis, computational, and in vitro methods. To date, 53 cyclic peptides have been approved by different regulatory authorities, and many others are in clinical trials for a wide diversity of conditions. In this review, the potential of cyclic peptides is presented, and general aspects of their synthesis and development are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of already approved cyclic peptides is also given, and the cyclic peptides in clinical trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Costa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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4
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Chen Y, Jia L, Zhu G, Wang W, Geng M, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhang F, Cheng X. Sortase A-mediated cyclization of novel polycyclic RGD peptides for α νβ 3 integrin targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128888. [PMID: 35839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) peptides that specifically bind to integrin ανβ3 have been developed for drug delivery, tracers, and imaging for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a series of polycyclic RGD peptides containing dual, tri, and tetra rings were designed and synthesized through sortase A-mediated ligation. An in vitro test on cell adhesion inhibition indicated that the RGD peptide containing tricylic structure exhibited outstanding potency and selectivity for ανβ3 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lixuan Jia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guilan Zhu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming Geng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongxia Lu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaozhong Cheng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China.
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5
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Ma Q, Lei H, Cao Y. Intramolecular covalent bonds in Gram-positive bacterial surface proteins. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200316. [PMID: 35801833 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria experience considerable mechanical perturbation when adhering to host surfaces during colonization and infection. They have evolved various adhesion proteins that are mechanically robust to ensure strong surface adhesion. Recently, it was discovered that these adhesion proteins contain rare, extra intramolecular covalent bonds that stabilize protein structures and participate in surface bonding. These intramolecular covalent bonds include isopeptides, thioesters, and ester bonds, which often form spontaneously without the need for additional enzymes. With the development of single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques, the detailed mechanical roles of these intramolecular covalent bonds have been revealed. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this area of research, focusing on the link between the mechanical stability and function of these covalent bonds in Gram-positive bacterial surface proteins. We also highlight the potential impact of these discoveries on the development of novel antibiotics and chemical biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Ma
- Nanjing University, Department of Physics, CHINA
| | - Hai Lei
- Nanjing University, Department of Physics, CHINA
| | - Yi Cao
- Nanjing University, Department of Physics, 22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, CHINA
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6
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Barthels F, Meyr J, Hammerschmidt SJ, Marciniak T, Räder HJ, Ziebuhr W, Engels B, Schirmeister T. 2-Sulfonylpyrimidines as Privileged Warheads for the Development of S. aureus Sortase A Inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:804970. [PMID: 35047562 PMCID: PMC8763382 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.804970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections, with emerging multiresistant isolates causing a significant burden to public health systems. We identified 2-sulfonylpyrimidines as a new class of potent inhibitors against S. aureus sortase A acting by covalent modification of the active site cysteine 184. Series of derivatives were synthesized to derive structure-activity relationship (SAR) with the most potent compounds displaying low micromolar KI values. Studies on the inhibition selectivity of homologous cysteine proteases showed that 2-sulfonylpyrimidines reacted efficiently with protonated cysteine residues as found in sortase A, though surprisingly, no reaction occurred with the more nucleophilic cysteine residue from imidazolinium-thiolate dyads of cathepsin-like proteases. By means of enzymatic and chemical kinetics as well as quantum chemical calculations, it could be rationalized that the SNAr reaction between protonated cysteine residues and 2-sulfonylpyrimidines proceeds in a concerted fashion, and the mechanism involves a ternary transition state with a conjugated base. Molecular docking and enzyme inhibition at variable pH values allowed us to hypothesize that in sortase A this base is represented by the catalytic histidine 120, which could be substantiated by QM model calculation with 4-methylimidazole as histidine analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Barthels
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Zou Z, Mate DM, Nöth M, Jakob F, Schwaneberg U. Enhancing Robustness of Sortase A by Loop Engineering and Backbone Cyclization. Chemistry 2020; 26:13568-13572. [PMID: 32649777 PMCID: PMC7693181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (SaSrtA) is widely used for site-specific protein modifications, but it lacks the robustness for performing bioconjugation reactions at elevated temperatures or in presence of denaturing agents. Loop engineering and subsequent head-to-tail backbone cyclization of SaSrtA yielded the cyclized variant CyM6 that has a 7.5 °C increased melting temperature and up to 4.6-fold increased resistance towards denaturants when compared to the parent rM4. CyM6 gained up to 2.6-fold (vs. parent rM4) yield of conjugate in ligation of peptide and primary amine under denaturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 352074AachenGermany
- DWI–Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraβe 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Diana M. Mate
- DWI–Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraβe 5052074AachenGermany
- Current address: Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa”Universidad Autónoma de MadridNicolás Cabrera 128049MadridSpain
| | - Maximilian Nöth
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 352074AachenGermany
- DWI–Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraβe 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Felix Jakob
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 352074AachenGermany
- DWI–Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraβe 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 352074AachenGermany
- DWI–Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraβe 5052074AachenGermany
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8
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Barthels F, Marincola G, Marciniak T, Konhäuser M, Hammerschmidt S, Bierlmeier J, Distler U, Wich PR, Tenzer S, Schwarzer D, Ziebuhr W, Schirmeister T. Asymmetric Disulfanylbenzamides as Irreversible and Selective Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:839-850. [PMID: 32118357 PMCID: PMC7318353 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections, with drug-resistant strains being responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year. S. aureus sortase A inhibitors are designed to interfere with virulence determinants. We have identified disulfanylbenzamides as a new class of potent inhibitors against sortase A that act by covalent modification of the active-site cysteine. A broad series of derivatives were synthesized to derive structure-activity relationships (SAR). In vitro and in silico methods allowed the experimentally observed binding affinities and selectivities to be rationalized. The most active compounds were found to have single-digit micromolar Ki values and caused up to a 66 % reduction of S. aureus fibrinogen attachment at an effective inhibitor concentration of 10 μM. This new molecule class exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, low bacterial growth inhibition and impaired sortase-mediated adherence of S. aureus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Barthels
- Institute for Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzStaudinger Weg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Gabriella Marincola
- Institute for Molecular Infection BiologyJulius-Maximilians-University of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Strasse 297080WürzburgGermany
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection BiologyJulius-Maximilians-University of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Strasse 297080WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Konhäuser
- Institute for Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzStaudinger Weg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Stefan Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzStaudinger Weg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Jan Bierlmeier
- Interfaculty Institute of BiochemistryEberhard-Karls-University of TübingenHoppe-Seyler-Strasse 472076TübingenGermany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for ImmunologyUniversity Medical CenterJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical CenterLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Peter R. Wich
- Institute for Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzStaudinger Weg 555128MainzGermany
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesScience and Engineering BuildingSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for ImmunologyUniversity Medical CenterJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of BiochemistryEberhard-Karls-University of TübingenHoppe-Seyler-Strasse 472076TübingenGermany
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection BiologyJulius-Maximilians-University of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Strasse 297080WürzburgGermany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes-Gutenberg-University of MainzStaudinger Weg 555128MainzGermany
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9
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Nuijens T, Toplak A, Schmidt M, Ricci A, Cabri W. Natural Occurring and Engineered Enzymes for Peptide Ligation and Cyclization. Front Chem 2019; 7:829. [PMID: 31850317 PMCID: PMC6895249 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renaissance of peptides as prospective therapeutics has fostered the development of novel strategies for their synthesis and modification. In this context, besides the development of new chemical peptide ligation approaches, especially the use of enzymes as a versatile tool has gained increased attention. Nowadays, due to their inherent properties such as excellent regio- and chemoselectivity, enzymes represent invaluable instruments in both academic and industrial laboratories. This mini-review focuses on natural- and engineered peptide ligases that can form a new peptide (amide) bond between the C-terminal carboxy and N-terminal amino group of a peptide and/or protein. The pro's and cons of several enzyme classes such as Sortases, Asparaginyl Endoproteases, Trypsin related enzymes and as a central focus subtilisin-derived variants are summarized. Most recent developments with regards to ligation and cyclization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Nuijens
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Toplak
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Schmidt
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | | | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, Villadose, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Subtiligase-catalyzed peptide ligation is a powerful approach for site-specific protein bioconjugation, synthesis and semisynthesis of proteins and peptides, and chemoproteomic analysis of cellular N termini. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the subtiligase technology, including its development, applications, and impacts on protein science. We highlight key advantages and limitations of the tool and compare it to other peptide ligase enzymes. Finally, we provide a perspective on future applications and challenges and how they may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Weeks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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11
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Jing X, Jin K. A gold mine for drug discovery: Strategies to develop cyclic peptides into therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:753-810. [PMID: 31599007 DOI: 10.1002/med.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile therapeutic modality, peptides attract much attention because of their great binding affinity, low toxicity, and the capability of targeting traditionally "undruggable" protein surfaces. However, the deficiency of cell permeability and metabolic stability always limits the success of in vitro bioactive peptides as drug candidates. Peptide macrocyclization is one of the most established strategies to overcome these limitations. Over the past decades, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs have been clinically approved, the vast majority of which are derived from natural products. The de novo discovered cyclic peptides on the basis of rational design and in vitro evolution, have also enabled the binding with targets for which nature provides no solutions. The current review summarizes different classes of cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, and presents an overview of various approaches to develop cyclic peptide-based drug candidates, drawing upon series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Schmidt M, Huang YH, Texeira de Oliveira EF, Toplak A, Wijma HJ, Janssen DB, van Maarseveen JH, Craik DJ, Nuijens T. Efficient Enzymatic Cyclization of Disulfide-Rich Peptides by Using Peptide Ligases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1524-1529. [PMID: 30735312 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-rich macrocyclic peptides-cyclotides, for example-represent a promising class of molecules with potential therapeutic use. Despite their potential their efficient synthesis at large scale still represents a major challenge. Here we report new chemoenzymatic strategies using peptide ligase variants-inter alia, omniligase-1-for the efficient and scalable one-pot cyclization and folding of the native cyclotides MCoTI-II, kalata B1 and variants thereof, as well as of the θ-defensin RTD-1. The synthesis of the kB1 variant T20K was successfully demonstrated at multi-gram scale. The existence of several ligation sites for each macrocycle makes this approach highly flexible and facilitates both the larger-scale manufacture and the engineering of bioactive, grafted cyclotide variants, therefore clearly offering a valuable and powerful extension of the existing toolbox of enzymes for peptide head-to-tail cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmidt
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands.,Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eduardo F Texeira de Oliveira
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Toplak
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Wijma
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick B Janssen
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Timo Nuijens
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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Dai X, Böker A, Glebe U. Broadening the scope of sortagging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4700-4721. [PMID: 35514663 PMCID: PMC9060782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortases are enzymes occurring in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A (SrtA), the best studied sortase class, plays a key role in anchoring surface proteins with the recognition sequence LPXTG covalently to oligoglycine units of the bacterial cell wall. This unique transpeptidase activity renders SrtA attractive for various purposes and motivated researchers to study multiple in vivo and in vitro ligations in the last decades. This ligation technique is known as sortase-mediated ligation (SML) or sortagging and developed to a frequently used method in basic research. The advantages are manifold: extremely high substrate specificity, simple access to substrates and enzyme, robust nature and easy handling of sortase A. In addition to the ligation of two proteins or peptides, early studies already included at least one artificial (peptide equipped) substrate into sortagging reactions - which demonstrates the versatility and broad applicability of SML. Thus, SML is not only a biology-related technique, but has found prominence as a major interdisciplinary research tool. In this review, we provide an overview about the use of sortase A in interdisciplinary research, mainly for protein modification, synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and immobilization of proteins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
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14
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Arkenberg MR, Moore DM, Lin CC. Dynamic control of hydrogel crosslinking via sortase-mediated reversible transpeptidation. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:83-95. [PMID: 30415064 PMCID: PMC6697659 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogels whose crosslinking density can be dynamically and reversibly tuned are highly sought-after for studying pathophysiological cellular fate processes, including embryogenesis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. Special efforts have focused on controlling network crosslinking in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels to evaluate the impact of matrix mechanics on cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and differentiation. In this study, we sought to design dynamic PEG-peptide hydrogels that permit cyclic/reversible stiffening and softening. This was achieved by utilizing reversible enzymatic reactions that afford specificity, biorthogonality, and predictable reaction kinetics. To that end, we prepared PEG-peptide conjugates to enable sortase A (SrtA) induced tunable hydrogel crosslinking independent of macromer contents. Uniquely, these hydrogels can be completely degraded by the same enzymatic reactions and the degradation rate can be tuned from hours to days. We further synthesized SrtA-sensitive peptide linker (i.e., KCLPRTGCK) for crosslinking with 8-arm PEG-norbornene (PEG8NB) via thiol-norbornene photocrosslinking. These hydrogels afford diverse softening paradigms through control of network structures during crosslinking or by adjusting enzymatic parameters during on-demand softening. Importantly, user-controlled hydrogel softening promoted spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in 3D. Finally, we designed a bis-cysteine-bearing linear peptide flanked with SrtA substrates at the peptide's N- and C-termini (i.e., NH2-GGGCKGGGKCLPRTG-CONH2) to enable cyclic/reversible hydrogel stiffening/softening. We show that matrix stiffening and softening play a crucial role in growth and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. These results represent the first dynamic hydrogel platform that affords cyclic gel stiffening/softening based on reversible enzymatic reactions. More importantly, the chemical motifs that affords such reversible crosslinking were built-in on the linear peptide crosslinker without any post-synthesis modification. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-laden 'dynamic' hydrogels are typically designed to enable externally stimulated stiffening or softening of the hydrogel network. However, no enzymatic reaction has been used to reversibly control matrix crosslinking. The application of SrtA-mediated transpeptidation in crosslinking and post-gelation modification of biomimetic hydrogels is innovative because of the specificity of the reaction and reversible tunability of crosslinking kinetics. While SrtA has been previously used to crosslink and fully degrade hydrogels, matrix softening and reversible stiffening of cell-laden hydrogels has not been reported. By designing simple peptide substrates, this unique enzymatic reaction can be employed to form a primary network, to gradually soften hydrogels, or to reversibly stiffen hydrogels. As a result, this dynamic hydrogel platform can be used to answer important matrix-related biological questions that are otherwise difficult to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dustin M Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Wu XL, Liu Y, Liu D, Sun F, Zhang WB. An Intrinsically Disordered Peptide-Peptide Stapler for Highly Efficient Protein Ligation Both in Vivo and in Vitro. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17474-17483. [PMID: 30449090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an intrinsically disordered protein SpyStapler that can catalyze the isopeptide bond formation between two peptide tags, that is, SpyTag and BDTag, both in vitro and in vivo. SpyStapler and BDTag are developed by splitting SpyCatcher-the cognate protein partner of SpyTag-at the more solvent exposed second loop region. Regardless of their locations in protein constructs, SpyStapler enables efficient covalent coupling of SpyTag and BDTag under a variety of mild conditions in vitro (yield ∼80%). Co-expression of SpyStapler with telechelic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) bearing a SpyTag at N-terminus and a BDTag at C-terminus leads to direct cellular synthesis of a circular DHFR. Mechanistic studies involving circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry reveal that SpyStapler alone is disordered in solution and forms a stable folded structure ( Tm ∼ 55 °C) in the presence of both SpyTag and BDTag upon isopeptide bonding. No ordered structure can be formed in the absence of either tag. The catalytically inactive SpyStapler-EQ mutant cannot form a stable physical complex with SpyTag and BDTag, but it can fold into ordered structure in the presence of the ligated product (SpyTag-BDTag). It suggests that the isopeptide bond is important in stabilizing the complex. Given its efficiency, resilience, and robustness, SpyStapler provides new opportunities for bioconjugation and creation of complex protein architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
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16
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Cao T, Lv J, Zhang L, Yan G, Lu H. Selective Enrichment and Quantification of N-Terminal Glycine Peptides via Sortase A Mediated Ligation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14303-14308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Wu WH, Wei J, Zhang WB. Controlling SpyTag/SpyCatcher Reactivity via Redox-Gated Conformational Restriction. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1388-1393. [PMID: 35651248 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that the reactivity of genetically encoded SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry can be manipulated via redox-gated conformational restriction, which facilitates the preparation of all-protein-based hydrogel with latent reactive sites for subsequent covalent functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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18
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Cheng X, Hong H, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Enzymatic On-Resin Peptide Cleavage and in Situ Cyclization One-Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclopeptide and Cyclotide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14078-14083. [PMID: 30277068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot strategy combining sortase A mediated on-resin peptide cleavage and in situ cyclization was developed for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. This strategy was applied to synthesize head-to-tail cyclic antibacterial bovine lactoferricin peptide LFcinB20-35 in a yield of 67%. The one-pot strategy was compatible with an oxidative folding reaction, and complex cyclotides containing one or two disulfide bonds, such as sunflower trypsin inhibitors-1 and α-conotoxin MII, were successfully synthesized in one pot in a yield of 77% and 61%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
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19
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Pishesha N, Ingram JR, Ploegh HL. Sortase A: A Model for Transpeptidation and Its Biological Applications. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:163-188. [PMID: 30110557 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biologists and chemists alike have long sought to modify proteins with substituents that cannot be installed by standard or even advanced genetic approaches. We here describe the use of transpeptidases to achieve these goals. Living systems encode a variety of transpeptidases and peptide ligases that allow for the enzyme-catalyzed formation of peptide bonds, and protein engineers have used directed evolution to enhance these enzymes for biological applications. We focus primarily on the transpeptidase sortase A, which has become popular over the past few years for its ability to perform a remarkably wide variety of protein modifications, both in vitro and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jessica R Ingram
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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21
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Abstract
Exciting new technological developments have pushed the boundaries of structural biology, and have enabled studies of biological macromolecules and assemblies that would have been unthinkable not long ago. Yet, the enhanced capabilities of structural biologists to pry into the complex molecular world have also placed new demands on the abilities of protein engineers to reproduce this complexity into the test tube. With this challenge in mind, we review the contents of the modern molecular engineering toolbox that allow the manipulation of proteins in a site-specific and chemically well-defined fashion. Thus, we cover concepts related to the modification of cysteines and other natural amino acids, native chemical ligation, intein and sortase-based approaches, amber suppression, as well as chemical and enzymatic bio-conjugation strategies. We also describe how these tools can be used to aid methodology development in X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cryo-electron microscopy and in the studies of dynamic interactions. It is our hope that this monograph will inspire structural biologists and protein engineers alike to apply these tools to novel systems, and to enhance and broaden their scope to meet the outstanding challenges in understanding the molecular basis of cellular processes and disease.
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22
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Zhang XJ, Wu XL, Wang XW, Liu D, Yang S, Zhang WB. SpyCatcher-NTEV: A Circularly Permuted, Disordered SpyCatcher Variant for Less Trace Ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1622-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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23
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Yang M, Hong H, Liu S, Zhao X, Wu Z. Immobilization of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A on Chitosan Particles and Its Applications in Peptide-to-Peptide Ligation and Peptide Cyclization. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010192. [PMID: 29351256 PMCID: PMC6017383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan macro-particles prepared by the neutralization method were applied to Sortase A (SrtA) immobilization using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the immobilization process. An average specific activity of 3142 U (mg protein)-1 was obtained under optimized immobilization conditions (chitosan concentration 3%, SrtA concentration 0.5 mg·mL-1, glutaraldehyde concentration 0.5%, crosslinking and immobilization at 20 °C, crosslinking for 3 h, and an immobilization time of 8 h). The transpeptidase activity of immobilized SrtA was proved by a peptide-to-peptide ligation with a conversion yield approximately at 80%, and the immobilized catalyst was successfully reused for five cycles without obvious activity loss. Moreover, the scale-up capability of using immobilized SrtA to catalyze a head-to-tail peptide cyclization was investigated in a batch reaction and the conversion yield was more than 95% when using 20 mg of peptide as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Shaozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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24
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Schmidt M, Toplak A, Quaedflieg PJLM, van Maarseveen JH, Nuijens T. Enzyme-catalyzed peptide cyclization. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 26:11-16. [PMID: 29249237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement of peptide macrocycles as promising therapeutics creates a need for novel methodologies for their efficient synthesis and (large scale) production. Within this context, due to the favorable properties of biocatalysts, enzyme-mediated methodologies have gained great interest. Enzymes such as sortase A, butelase 1, peptiligase and omniligase-1 represent extremely powerful and valuable enzymatic tools for peptide ligation, since they can be applied to generate complex cyclic peptides with exquisite biological activity. Therefore, the use of enzymatic strategies will effectively supplement the scope of existing chemical methodologies and will accelerate the development of future cyclic peptide therapeutics. The advantages and disadvantages of the different enzymatic methodologies will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmidt
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Toplak
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Nuijens
- EnzyPep B.V., Brightlands Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
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Antos JM, Ingram J, Fang T, Pishesha N, Truttmann MC, Ploegh HL. Site-Specific Protein Labeling via Sortase-Mediated Transpeptidation. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2017; 89:15.3.1-15.3.19. [PMID: 28762490 PMCID: PMC5810355 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for site-specific protein modification are highly desirable for the construction of conjugates containing non-genetically-encoded functional groups. Ideally, these strategies should proceed under mild conditions, and be compatible with a wide range of protein targets and non-natural moieties. The transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by bacterial sortases is a prominent strategy for protein derivatization that possesses these features. Naturally occurring or engineered variants of sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus catalyze a ligation reaction between a five-amino-acid substrate motif (LPXTG) and oligoglycine nucleophiles. By pairing proteins and synthetic peptides that possess these ligation handles, it is possible to install modifications onto the protein N- or C-terminus in site-specific fashion. As described in this unit, the successful implementation of sortase-mediated labeling involves straightforward solid-phase synthesis and molecular biology techniques, and this method is compatible with proteins in solution or on the surface of live cells. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Antos
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington
| | - Jessica Ingram
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tao Fang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias C Truttmann
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Yang J, Zhao J. Recent developments in peptide ligation independent of amino acid side-chain functional group. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Li K, Zhang R, Xu Y, Wu Z, Li J, Zhou X, Jiang J, Liu H, Xiao R. Sortase A-mediated crosslinked short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases as novel biocatalysts with improved thermostability and catalytic efficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3081. [PMID: 28596548 PMCID: PMC5465079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-carbonyl reductase II (SCRII) from Candida parapsilosis is a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase. It catalyses the conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol with low efficiency. Sortase was reported as a molecular “stapler” for site-specific protein conjugation to strengthen or add protein functionality. Here, we describe Staphylococcus aureus sortase A-mediated crosslinking of SCRII to produce stable catalysts for efficient biotransformation. Via a native N-terminal glycine and an added GGGGSLPETGG peptide at C-terminus of SCRII, SCRII subunits were conjugated by sortase A to form crosslinked SCRII, mainly dimers and trimers. The crosslinked SCRII showed over 6-fold and 4-fold increases, respectively, in activity and kcat/Km values toward 2-hydroxyacetophenone compared with wild-type SCRII. Moreover, crosslinked SCRII was much more thermostable with its denaturation temperature (Tm) increased to 60 °C. Biotransformation result showed that crosslinked SCRII gave a product optical purity of 100% and a yield of >99.9% within 3 h, a 16-fold decrease in transformation duration with respect to Escherichia coli/pET-SCRII. Sortase A-catalysed ligation also obviously improved Tms and product yields of eight other short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases. This work demonstrates a generic technology to improve enzyme function and thermostability through sortase A-mediated crosslinking of oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,National Key Laboratory for Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,National Key Laboratory for Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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28
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Liu D, Wu WH, Liu YJ, Wu XL, Cao Y, Song B, Li X, Zhang WB. Topology Engineering of Proteins in Vivo Using Genetically Encoded, Mechanically Interlocking SpyX Modules for Enhanced Stability. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:473-481. [PMID: 28573210 PMCID: PMC5445526 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are traditionally limited to linear configuration. Herein, we report in vivo protein topology engineering using highly efficient, mechanically interlocking SpyX modules named AXB and BXA. SpyX modules are protein domains composed of p53dim (X), SpyTag (A), and SpyCatcher (B). The p53dim guides the intertwining of the two nascent protein chains followed by autocatalytic isopeptide bond formation between SpyTag and SpyCatcher to fulfill the interlocking, leading to a variety of backbone topologies. Direct expression of AXB or BXA produces protein catenanes with distinct ring sizes. Recombinant proteins containing SpyX modules are obtained either as mechanically interlocked obligate dimers if the protein of interest is fused to the N- or C-terminus of SpyX modules, or as star proteins if the protein is fused to both N- and C-termini. As examples, cellular syntheses of dimers of (GB1)2 (where GB1 stands for immunoglobulin-binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G) and of four-arm elastin-like star proteins were demonstrated. Comparison of the catenation efficiencies in different constructs reveals that BXA is generally much more effective than AXB, which is rationalized by the arrangement of three domains in space. Mechanical interlocking induces considerable stability enhancement. Both AXB and BXA have a melting point ∼20 °C higher than the linear controls and the BXA catenane has a melting point ~2 °C higher than the cyclic control BX'A. Notably, four-arm elastin-like star proteins demonstrate remarkable tolerance against trypsin digestion. The SpyX modules provide a convenient and versatile approach to construct unconventional protein topologies via the "assembly-reaction" synergy, which opens a new horizon in protein science for stability enhancement and function reinforcement via topology engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Ling Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education,
Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Tel: + 86 10 6276 6876. Fax: + 86 10 6275 1710. E-mail:
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29
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Wu Z, Cheng X, Hong H, Zhao X, Zhou Z. New potent and selective αvβ 3 integrin ligands: Macrocyclic peptides containing RGD motif synthesized by sortase A-mediated ligation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1911-1913. [PMID: 28351594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three 14-mer macrocyclic peptides 1-3 containing mono-, di- and tri-RGD structure motif were designed and synthesized by sortase A-mediated ligation in good yields. The results of in intro cell-based biological assays indicated that linear peptide 5 and macrocyclic peptide 1, containing di-RGD and mono-RGD motif respectively, showed remarkable potency and selectivity to αvβ3 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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30
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High yield synthesis of cyclic analogues of antibacterial peptides P-113 by Sortase A-mediated ligation and their conformation studies. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Kattke MD, Chan AH, Duong A, Sexton DL, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Elliot MA, Clubb RT. Crystal Structure of the Streptomyces coelicolor Sortase E1 Transpeptidase Provides Insight into the Binding Mode of the Novel Class E Sorting Signal. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167763. [PMID: 27936128 PMCID: PMC5148588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species of Gram-positive bacteria use sortase transpeptidases to covalently affix proteins to their cell wall or to assemble pili. Sortase-displayed proteins perform critical and diverse functions for cell survival, including cell adhesion, nutrient acquisition, and morphological development, among others. Based on their amino acid sequences, there are at least six types of sortases (class A to F enzymes); however, class E enzymes have not been extensively studied. Class E sortases are used by soil and freshwater-dwelling Actinobacteria to display proteins that contain a non-canonical LAXTG sorting signal, which differs from 90% of known sorting signals by substitution of alanine for proline. Here we report the first crystal structure of a class E sortase, the 1.93 Å resolution structure of the SrtE1 enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor. The active site is bound to a tripeptide, providing insight into the mechanism of substrate binding. SrtE1 possesses β3/β4 and β6/β7 active site loops that contact the LAXTG substrate and are structurally distinct from other classes. We propose that SrtE1 and other class E sortases employ a conserved tyrosine residue within their β3/β4 loop to recognize the amide nitrogen of alanine at position P3 of the sorting signal through a hydrogen bond, as seen here. Incapability of hydrogen-bonding with canonical proline-containing sorting signals likely contributes to class E substrate specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that surface anchoring of proteins involved in aerial hyphae formation requires an N-terminal segment in SrtE1 that is presumably positioned within the cytoplasm. Combined, our results reveal unique features within class E enzymes that enable them to recognize distinct sorting signals, and could facilitate the development of substrate-based inhibitors of this important enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D. Kattke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert H. Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Andrew Duong
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle L. Sexton
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marie A. Elliot
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Truman AW. Cyclisation mechanisms in the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1250-68. [PMID: 27559376 PMCID: PMC4979651 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large class of natural products that are remarkably chemically diverse given an intrinsic requirement to be assembled from proteinogenic amino acids. The vast chemical space occupied by RiPPs means that they possess a wide variety of biological activities, and the class includes antibiotics, co-factors, signalling molecules, anticancer and anti-HIV compounds, and toxins. A considerable amount of RiPP chemical diversity is generated from cyclisation reactions, and the current mechanistic understanding of these reactions will be discussed here. These cyclisations involve a diverse array of chemical reactions, including 1,4-nucleophilic additions, [4 + 2] cycloadditions, ATP-dependent heterocyclisation to form thiazolines or oxazolines, and radical-mediated reactions between unactivated carbons. Future prospects for RiPP pathway discovery and characterisation will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Truman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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33
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Antos JM, Truttmann MC, Ploegh HL. Recent advances in sortase-catalyzed ligation methodology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 38:111-8. [PMID: 27318815 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by bacterial sortases continues to see increasing use in the construction of novel protein derivatives. In addition to growth in the number of applications that rely on sortase, this field has also seen methodology improvements that enhance reaction performance and scope. In this opinion, we present an overview of key developments in the practice and implementation of sortase-based strategies, including applications relevant to structural biology. Topics include the use of engineered sortases to increase reaction rates, the use of redesigned acyl donors and acceptors to mitigate reaction reversibility, and strategies for expanding the range of substrates that are compatible with a sortase-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Antos
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98229, USA.
| | - Matthias C Truttmann
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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34
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Oueis E, Jaspars M, Westwood NJ, Naismith JH. Enzymatic Macrocyclization of 1,2,3-Triazole Peptide Mimetics. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 128:5936-5939. [PMID: 27397939 PMCID: PMC4924595 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclization of linear peptides is very often accompanied by significant improvements in their stability and biological activity. Many strategies are available for their chemical macrocyclization, however, enzyme-mediated methods remain of great interest in terms of synthetic utility. To date, known macrocyclization enzymes have been shown to be active on both peptide and protein substrates. Here we show that the macrocyclization enzyme of the cyanobactin family, PatGmac, is capable of macrocyclizing substrates with one, two, or three 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The introduction of non-peptidic scaffolds into macrocycles is highly desirable in tuning the activity and physical properties of peptidic macrocycles. We have isolated and fully characterized nine non-natural triazole-containing cyclic peptides, a further ten molecules are also synthesized. PatGmac has now been shown to be an effective and versatile tool for the ring closure by peptide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Oueis
- Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St Andrews, BSRCNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of ChemistryUniversity of AberdeenOld AberdeenAB24 3UEUK
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St Andrews, BSRCNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - James H. Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St Andrews, BSRCNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChina
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35
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Oueis E, Jaspars M, Westwood NJ, Naismith JH. Enzymatic Macrocyclization of 1,2,3-Triazole Peptide Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5842-5. [PMID: 27059105 PMCID: PMC4924597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclization of linear peptides is very often accompanied by significant improvements in their stability and biological activity. Many strategies are available for their chemical macrocyclization, however, enzyme-mediated methods remain of great interest in terms of synthetic utility. To date, known macrocyclization enzymes have been shown to be active on both peptide and protein substrates. Here we show that the macrocyclization enzyme of the cyanobactin family, PatGmac, is capable of macrocyclizing substrates with one, two, or three 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The introduction of non-peptidic scaffolds into macrocycles is highly desirable in tuning the activity and physical properties of peptidic macrocycles. We have isolated and fully characterized nine non-natural triazole-containing cyclic peptides, a further ten molecules are also synthesized. PatGmac has now been shown to be an effective and versatile tool for the ring closure by peptide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Oueis
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BSRC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, China.
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36
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Antos JM, Ingram J, Fang T, Pishesha N, Truttmann MC, Ploegh HL. Site-specific protein labeling via sortase-mediated transpeptidation. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2009; Chapter 15:15.3.1-15.3.9. [PMID: 19365788 PMCID: PMC5551486 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1503s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Creation of functional protein bioconjugates demands methods for attaching a diverse array of probes to target proteins with high specificity, under mild conditions. The sortase A transpeptidase enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus catalyzes the cleavage of a short 5-aa recognition sequence (LPXTG) with the concomitant formation of an amide linkage between an oligoglycine peptide and the target protein. By functionalizing the oligoglycine peptide, it is possible to incorporate reporters into target proteins in a site-specific fashion. This reaction is applicable to proteins in solution and on the living cell surface. The method described in this unit only requires incubation of the target protein, which has been engineered to contain a sortase recognition site either at the C terminus or within solvent-accessible loops, with a purified sortase enzyme and a suitably functionalized oligoglycine peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Antos
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225
| | - Jessica Ingram
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tao Fang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Matthias C. Truttmann
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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